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Wang J, Du L, Zhang T, Chu Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Ji X, Kang Y, Cui R, Zhang G, Liu J, Shi G. Edaravone Dexborneol ameliorates the cognitive deficits of APP/PS1 mice by inhibiting TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway via upregulating TREM2. Neuropharmacology 2024; 255:110006. [PMID: 38763325 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2024.110006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Currently, there are no effective therapeutic agents available to treat Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, edaravone dexborneol (EDB), a novel composite agent used to treat acute ischemic stroke, has recently been shown to exert efficacious neuroprotective effects. However, whether EDB can ameliorate cognitive deficits in AD currently remains unclear. To this end, we explored the effects of EDB on AD and its potential mechanisms using an AD animal model (male APP/PS1 mice) treated with EDB for 10 weeks starting at 6 months of age. Subsequent analyses revealed that EDB-treated APP/PS1 mice exhibited improved cognitive abilities compared to untreated APP/PS1 mice. Administration of EDB in APP/PS1 mice further alleviated neuropathological alterations of the hippocampus, including Aβ deposition, pyramidal cell karyopyknosis, and oxidative damage, and significantly decreased the levels of inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α) and COX-2 in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice. Transcriptome sequencing analysis demonstrated the critical role of the inflammatory reaction in EDB treatment in APP/PS1 mice, indicating that the alleviation of the inflammatory reaction by EDB in the hippocampus of APP/PS1 mice was linked to the action of the TREM2/TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway. Further in vitro investigations showed that EDB suppressed neuroinflammation in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells by inhibiting the TLR4/MAPK signaling pathway and upregulating TREM2 expression. Thus, the findings of the present study demonstrate that EDB is a promising therapeutic agent for AD-related cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China; Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Longyuan Du
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Tianyun Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yun Chu
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Xiaoming Ji
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Yunxiao Kang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Rui Cui
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Guoliang Zhang
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China
| | - Junyan Liu
- Department of Neurology, The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050051, China
| | - Geming Shi
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China; Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050017, China.
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Hou Y, Chu X, Park J, Zhu Q, Hussain M, Li Z, Madsen HB, Yang B, Wei Y, Wang Y, Fang EF, Croteau DL, Bohr VA. Urolithin A improves Alzheimer's disease cognition and restores mitophagy and lysosomal functions. Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:4212-4233. [PMID: 38753870 PMCID: PMC11180933 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Compromised autophagy, including impaired mitophagy and lysosomal function, plays pivotal roles in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Urolithin A (UA) is a gut microbial metabolite of ellagic acid that stimulates mitophagy. The effects of UA's long-term treatment of AD and mechanisms of action are unknown. METHODS We addressed these questions in three mouse models of AD with behavioral, electrophysiological, biochemical, and bioinformatic approaches. RESULTS Long-term UA treatment significantly improved learning, memory, and olfactory function in different AD transgenic mice. UA also reduced amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau pathologies and enhanced long-term potentiation. UA induced mitophagy via increasing lysosomal functions. UA improved cellular lysosomal function and normalized lysosomal cathepsins, primarily cathepsin Z, to restore lysosomal function in AD, indicating the critical role of cathepsins in UA-induced therapeutic effects on AD. CONCLUSIONS Our study highlights the importance of lysosomal dysfunction in AD etiology and points to the high translational potential of UA. HIGHLIGHTS Long-term urolithin A (UA) treatment improved learning, memory, and olfactory function in Alzheimer's disease (AD) mice. UA restored lysosomal functions in part by regulating cathepsin Z (Ctsz) protein. UA modulates immune responses and AD-specific pathophysiological pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Hou
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineState Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Xixia Chu
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Jae‐Hyeon Park
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Qing Zhu
- Institute for Regenerative MedicineState Key Laboratory of Cardiology and Medical Innovation Center, Shanghai East Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Mansoor Hussain
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Zhiquan Li
- Danish Center for Healthy Aging, ICMMUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
| | | | - Beimeng Yang
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yong Wei
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Yue Wang
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Evandro F. Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular BiologyUniversity of Oslo and Akershus University HospitalLørenskogNorway
- The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO‐Age)OsloAkershusNorway
| | - Deborah L. Croteau
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Computational Biology & Genomics Core, LGGNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
| | - Vilhelm A. Bohr
- DNA Repair SectionNational Institute on AgingBaltimoreMarylandUSA
- Danish Center for Healthy Aging, ICMMUniversity of CopenhagenCopenhagenDenmark
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Wang R, Zhan Y, Zhu W, Yang Q, Pei J. Association of soluble TREM2 with Alzheimer's disease and mild cognitive impairment: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1407980. [PMID: 38841103 PMCID: PMC11150578 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1407980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective Soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2) is a potential neuroinflammatory biomarker linked to the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Previous studies have produced inconsistent results regarding sTREM2 levels in various clinical stages of AD. This study aims to establish the correlation between sTREM2 levels and AD progression through a meta-analysis of sTREM2 levels in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood. Methods Comprehensive searches were conducted in PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library to identify observational studies reporting CSF and blood sTREM2 levels in AD patients, MCI patients, and healthy controls. A random effects meta-analysis was used to calculate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Thirty-six observational studies involving 3,016 AD patients, 3,533 MCI patients, and 4,510 healthy controls were included. CSF sTREM2 levels were significantly higher in both the AD [SMD = 0.28, 95% CI (0.15, 0.41)] and MCI groups [SMD = 0.30, 95% CI (0.13, 0.47)] compared to the healthy control group. However, no significant differences in expression were detected between the AD and MCI groups [SMD = 0.09, 95% CI (-0.09, 0.26)]. Furthermore, increased plasma sTREM2 levels were associated with a higher risk of AD [SMD = 0.42, 95% CI (0.01, 0.83)]. Conclusion CSF sTREM2 levels are positively associated with an increased risk of AD and MCI. Plasma sTREM2 levels were notably higher in the AD group than in the control group and may serve as a promising biomarker for diagnosing AD. However, sTREM2 levels are not effective for distinguishing between different disease stages of AD. Further investigations are needed to explore the longitudinal changes in sTREM2 levels, particularly plasma sTREM2 levels, during AD progression. Systematic review registration https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display_record.php?ID=CRD42024514593.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Jian Pei
- Department of Acupuncture, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Gouveia Roque C, Phatnani H, Hengst U. The broken Alzheimer's disease genome. CELL GENOMICS 2024; 4:100555. [PMID: 38697121 PMCID: PMC11099344 DOI: 10.1016/j.xgen.2024.100555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
The complex pathobiology of late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) poses significant challenges to therapeutic and preventative interventions. Despite these difficulties, genomics and related disciplines are allowing fundamental mechanistic insights to emerge with clarity, particularly with the introduction of high-resolution sequencing technologies. After all, the disrupted processes at the interface between DNA and gene expression, which we call the broken AD genome, offer detailed quantitative evidence unrestrained by preconceived notions about the disease. In addition to highlighting biological pathways beyond the classical pathology hallmarks, these advances have revitalized drug discovery efforts and are driving improvements in clinical tools. We review genetic, epigenomic, and gene expression findings related to AD pathogenesis and explore how their integration enables a better understanding of the multicellular imbalances contributing to this heterogeneous condition. The frontiers opening on the back of these research milestones promise a future of AD care that is both more personalized and predictive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cláudio Gouveia Roque
- Center for Genomics of Neurodegenerative Disease, New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA; The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Hemali Phatnani
- Center for Genomics of Neurodegenerative Disease, New York Genome Center, New York, NY 10013, USA; Department of Neurology, Center for Translational and Computational Neuroimmunology, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Ulrich Hengst
- The Taub Institute for Research on Alzheimer's Disease and the Aging Brain, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA; Department of Pathology & Cell Biology, Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Wang S, Xie S, Zheng Q, Zhang Z, Wang T, Zhang G. Biofluid biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 16:1380237. [PMID: 38659704 PMCID: PMC11039951 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2024.1380237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a multifactorial neurodegenerative disease, with a complex pathogenesis and an irreversible course. Therefore, the early diagnosis of AD is particularly important for the intervention, prevention, and treatment of the disease. Based on the different pathophysiological mechanisms of AD, the research progress of biofluid biomarkers are classified and reviewed. In the end, the challenges and perspectives of future research are proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sensen Wang
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Sitan Xie
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Qinpin Zheng
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Zhihui Zhang
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Tian Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Guirong Zhang
- Shandong Yinfeng Academy of Life Science, Jinan, Shandong, China
- School of Pharmacy, Key Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology and Drug Evaluation, Ministry of Education, Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Drug Delivery System and Biotech Drugs in Universities of Shandong, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong, China
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You Y, Chen Z, Hu WW. The role of microglia heterogeneity in synaptic plasticity and brain disorders: Will sequencing shed light on the discovery of new therapeutic targets? Pharmacol Ther 2024; 255:108606. [PMID: 38346477 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2024.108606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
Microglia play a crucial role in interacting with neuronal synapses and modulating synaptic plasticity. This function is particularly significant during postnatal development, as microglia are responsible for removing excessive synapses to prevent neurodevelopmental deficits. Dysregulation of microglial synaptic function has been well-documented in various pathological conditions, notably Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis. The recent application of RNA sequencing has provided a powerful and unbiased means to decipher spatial and temporal microglial heterogeneity. By identifying microglia with varying gene expression profiles, researchers have defined multiple subgroups of microglia associated with specific pathological states, including disease-associated microglia, interferon-responsive microglia, proliferating microglia, and inflamed microglia in multiple sclerosis, among others. However, the functional roles of these distinct subgroups remain inadequately characterized. This review aims to refine our current understanding of the potential roles of heterogeneous microglia in regulating synaptic plasticity and their implications for various brain disorders, drawing from recent sequencing research and functional studies. This knowledge may aid in the identification of pathogenetic biomarkers and potential factors contributing to pathogenesis, shedding new light on the discovery of novel drug targets. The field of sequencing-based data mining is evolving toward a multi-omics approach. With advances in viral tools for precise microglial regulation and the development of brain organoid models, we are poised to elucidate the functional roles of microglial subgroups detected through sequencing analysis, ultimately identifying valuable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi You
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China; Key Laboratory of Neuropharmacology and Translational Medicine of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou 310053, China
| | - Wei-Wei Hu
- Department of Pharmacology and Department of Pharmacy of the Second Affiliated Hospital, Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology of the Ministry of Health of China, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China.
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Pomara N, Imbimbo BP. Do anti-Aβ monoclonal antibodies lower brain plaques in Alzheimer patients through microglia activation? Alzheimers Dement 2024; 20:2289-2290. [PMID: 38224269 PMCID: PMC10984452 DOI: 10.1002/alz.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Affiliation(s)
- Nunzio Pomara
- Nathan S Kline Institute for Psychiatric ResearchGeriatric Psychiatry DivisionOrangeburgNew YorkUSA
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Firdaus Z, Li X. Unraveling the Genetic Landscape of Neurological Disorders: Insights into Pathogenesis, Techniques for Variant Identification, and Therapeutic Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2320. [PMID: 38396996 PMCID: PMC10889342 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25042320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/13/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Genetic abnormalities play a crucial role in the development of neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs). Genetic exploration has indeed contributed to unraveling the molecular complexities responsible for the etiology and progression of various NDDs. The intricate nature of rare and common variants in NDDs contributes to a limited understanding of the genetic risk factors associated with them. Advancements in next-generation sequencing have made whole-genome sequencing and whole-exome sequencing possible, allowing the identification of rare variants with substantial effects, and improving the understanding of both Mendelian and complex neurological conditions. The resurgence of gene therapy holds the promise of targeting the etiology of diseases and ensuring a sustained correction. This approach is particularly enticing for neurodegenerative diseases, where traditional pharmacological methods have fallen short. In the context of our exploration of the genetic epidemiology of the three most prevalent NDDs-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease, our primary goal is to underscore the progress made in the development of next-generation sequencing. This progress aims to enhance our understanding of the disease mechanisms and explore gene-based therapies for NDDs. Throughout this review, we focus on genetic variations, methodologies for their identification, the associated pathophysiology, and the promising potential of gene therapy. Ultimately, our objective is to provide a comprehensive and forward-looking perspective on the emerging research arena of NDDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeba Firdaus
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
| | - Xiaogang Li
- Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA;
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Li Z, Liu J. Thyroid dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease, a vicious circle. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1354372. [PMID: 38419953 PMCID: PMC10899337 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1354372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, research into the link between thyroid dysfunction and Alzheimer's disease (AD) remains a current topic of interest. Previous research has primarily concentrated on examining the impact of thyroid dysfunction on the risk of developing AD, or solely explored the mechanisms of interaction between hypothyroidism and AD, a comprehensive analysis of the mechanisms linking thyroid dysfunction, including hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism, to Alzheimer's disease (AD) still require further elucidation. Therefore, the aim of this review is to offer a thorough and comprehensive explanation of the potential mechanisms underlying the causal relationship between thyroid dysfunction and AD, highlighting the existence of a vicious circle. The effect of thyroid dysfunction on AD includes neuron death, impaired synaptic plasticity and memory, misfolded protein deposition, oxidative stress, and diffuse and global neurochemical disturbances. Conversely, AD can also contribute to thyroid dysfunction by affecting the stress repair response and disrupting pathways involved in thyroid hormone (TH) production, transport, and activation. Furthermore, this review briefly discusses the role and significance of utilizing the thyroid as a therapeutic target for cognitive recovery in AD. By exploring potential mechanisms and therapeutic avenues, this research contributes to our understanding and management of this devastating neurodegenerative disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Thyroid Surgery, General Surgery Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Liang H, Liu P, Wang Z, Xiong H, Yin C, Zhao D, Wu C, Chen L. TREM2 gene induces differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells into dopaminergic neurons and promotes neuronal repair via TGF-β activation in 6-OHDA-lesioned mouse model of Parkinson's disease. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14630. [PMID: 38348765 PMCID: PMC10862187 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) hold a promising potential for rescuing dopaminergic neurons in therapy for Parkinson's disease (PD). This study clarifies a TREM2-dependent mechanism explaining the function of iPSC differentiation in neuronal repair of PD. METHODS PD-related differentially expressed genes were screened by bioinformatics analyses and their expression was verified using RT-qPCR in nigral tissues of 6-OHDA-lesioned mice. Following ectopic expression and depletion experiments in iPSCs, cell differentiation into dopaminergic neurons as well as the expression of dopaminergic neuronal markers TH and DAT was measured. Stereotaxic injection of 6-OHDA was used to develop a mouse model of PD, which was injected with iPSC suspension overexpressing TREM2 to verify the effect of TREM2 on neuronal repair. RESULTS TREM2 was poorly expressed in the nigral tissues of 6-OHDA-lesioned mice. In the presence of TREM2 overexpression, the iPSCs showed increased expression of dopaminergic neuronal markers TH and DAT, which facilitated the differentiation of iPSCs into dopaminergic neurons. Mechanistic investigations indicated that TREM2 activated the TGF-β pathway and induced iPSC differentiation into dopaminergic neurons. In vivo data showed that iPSCs overexpressing TREM2 enhanced neuronal repair in 6-OHDA-lesioned mice. CONCLUSION This work identifies a mechanistic insight for TREM2-mediated TGF-β activation in the regulation of neuronal repair in PD and suggests novel strategies for neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanbai Liang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Zijing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduChina
| | - Huan Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Cheng Yin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Dongdong Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Chunhui Wu
- School of Life Science and TechnologyUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
| | - Longyi Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of MedicineUniversity of Electronic Science and Technology of ChinaChengduChina
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He Z, Chen Q, Wang K, Lin J, Peng Y, Zhang J, Yan X, Jie Y. Single-cell transcriptomics analysis of cellular heterogeneity and immune mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases. Eur J Neurosci 2024; 59:333-357. [PMID: 38221677 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.16242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Single-cell transcriptomics analysis is an advanced technology that can describe the intracellular transcriptome in complex tissues. It profiles and analyses datasets by single-cell RNA sequencing. Neurodegenerative diseases are identified by the abnormal apoptosis of neurons in the brain with few or no effective therapy strategies at present, which has been a growing healthcare concern and brought a great burden to society. The transcriptome of individual cells provides deep insights into previously unforeseen cellular heterogeneity and gene expression differences in neurodegenerative disorders. It detects multiple cell subsets and functional changes during pathological progression, which deepens the understanding of the molecular underpinnings and cellular basis of neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis of immune cells shows the regulation of immune response. Different subtypes of immune cells and their interaction are found to contribute to disease progression. This finding enables the discovery of novel targets and biomarkers for early diagnosis. In this review, we emphasize the principles of the technology, and its recent progress in the study of cellular heterogeneity and immune mechanisms in neurodegenerative diseases. The application of single-cell transcriptomics analysis in neurodegenerative disorders would help explore the pathogenesis of these diseases and develop novel therapeutic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziping He
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qianqian Chen
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Kaiyue Wang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Clinical Medicine Eight-Year Program, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jiang Lin
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yilin Peng
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Jinlong Zhang
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
| | - Xisheng Yan
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Wuhan Third Hospital & Tongren Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yan Jie
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Department of Forensic Science, School of Basic Medical Science, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, China
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12
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Guo X, Yan L, Zhang D, Zhao Y. Passive immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 94:102192. [PMID: 38219962 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 12/03/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease characterized by cognitive impairment with few therapeutic options. Despite many failures in developing AD treatment during the past 20 years, significant advances have been achieved in passive immunotherapy of AD very recently. Here, we review characteristics, clinical trial data, and mechanisms of action for monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) targeting key players in AD pathogenesis, including amyloid-β (Aβ), tau and neuroinflammation modulators. We emphasized the efficacy of lecanemab and donanemab on cognition and amyloid clearance in AD patients in phase III clinical trials and discussed factors that may contribute to the efficacy and side effects of anti-Aβ mAbs. In addition, we provided important information on mAbs targeting tau or inflammatory regulators in clinical trials, and indicated that mAbs against the mid-region of tau or pathogenic tau have therapeutic potential for AD. In conclusion, passive immunotherapy targeting key players in AD pathogenesis offers a promising strategy for effective AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Guo
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Li Yan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan University, 601 Huangpu Avenue West, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510632, China
| | - Denghong Zhang
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Yingjun Zhao
- Center for Brain Sciences, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Institute of Neuroscience, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease and Aging Research, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
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13
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Bruter AV, Varlamova EA, Okulova YD, Tatarskiy VV, Silaeva YY, Filatov MA. Genetically modified mice as a tool for the study of human diseases. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:135. [PMID: 38236499 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-09066-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Modeling a human disease is an essential part of biomedical research. The recent advances in the field of molecular genetics made it possible to obtain genetically modified animals for the study of various diseases. Not only monogenic disorders but also chromosomal and multifactorial disorders can be mimicked in lab animals due to genetic modification. Even human infectious diseases can be studied in genetically modified animals. An animal model of a disease enables the tracking of its pathogenesis and, more importantly, to test new therapies. In the first part of this paper, we review the most common DNA modification technologies and provide key ideas on specific technology choices according to the task at hand. In the second part, we focus on the application of genetically modified mice in studying human diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra V Bruter
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119334
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical Research Center of Oncology Named After N.N. Blokhin" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Research Institute of Carcinogenesis, Moscow, Russia, 115478
| | - Ekaterina A Varlamova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119334
- Federal State Budgetary Institution "National Medical Research Center of Oncology Named After N.N. Blokhin" of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Research Institute of Carcinogenesis, Moscow, Russia, 115478
| | - Yulia D Okulova
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119334
| | - Victor V Tatarskiy
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119334
| | - Yulia Y Silaeva
- Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119334
| | - Maxim A Filatov
- Center for Precision Genome Editing and Genetic Technologies for Biomedicine, Institute of Gene Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia, 119334.
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14
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Wu Z, Dong L, Tian Z, Yu C, Shu Q, Chen W, Li H. Integrative Analysis of the Age-Related Dysregulated Genes Reveals an Inflammation and Immunity-Associated Regulatory Network in Alzheimer's Disease. Mol Neurobiol 2024:10.1007/s12035-023-03900-z. [PMID: 38190023 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03900-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with a long incubation period. While extensive research has led to the construction of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)-associated competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) regulatory networks, which primarily derived from differential analyses between clinical AD patients and control individuals or mice, there remains a critical knowledge gap pertaining to the dynamic alterations in transcript expression profiles that occur with age, spanning from the pre-symptomatic stage to the onset of AD. In the present study, we examined the transcriptomic changes in AD model mice at three distinct stages: the unaffected (un-) stage, the pre-onset stage, and the late-onset stage, and identified 14, 57, and 99 differentially expressed mRNAs (DEmRs) in AD model mice at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively. Among these, we pinpointed 16 mRNAs closely associated with inflammation and immunity and excavated their lncRNA-mRNA regulatory network based on a comprehensive analysis. Notably, our preliminary analysis suggested that four lncRNAs (NONMMUT102943, ENSMUST00000160309, NONMMUT083044, and NONMMUT126468), eight miRNAs (miR-34a-5p, miR-22-5p, miR-302a/b-3p, miR-340-5p, miR-376a/b-5p, and miR-487b-5p), and four mRNAs (C1qa, Cd68, Ctss, and Slc11a1) may play pivotal roles in orchestrating immune and inflammatory responses during the early stages of AD. Our study has unveiled age-related AD risk genes, and provided an analytical framework for constructing lncRNA-mRNA networks using time series data and correlation analysis. Most notably, we have successfully constructed a comprehensive regulatory ceRNA network comprising genes intricately linked to inflammatory and immune functions in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuoze Wu
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Zhixiao Tian
- School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Chenhui Yu
- School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Qingrong Shu
- School of Medical Imaging, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Institute of Basic Medicine and Forensic Medicine, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637100, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine and Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China.
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15
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Madar P, Nagalapur P, Chaudhari S, Sharma D, Koparde A, Buchade R, Kshirsagar S, Uttekar P, Jadhav S, Chaudhari P. The Unveiling of Therapeutic Targets for Alzheimer's Disease: An Integrative Review. Curr Top Med Chem 2024; 24:850-868. [PMID: 38424435 DOI: 10.2174/0115680266282492240220101049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by a complex pathological landscape, necessitating a comprehensive treatment approach. This concise review paper delves into the idea of addressing multiple mechanisms in AD, summarizing the latest research findings on pathogenesis, risk factors, diagnostics, and therapeutic strategies. The etiology of AD is multifaceted, involving genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors. The primary feature is the accumulation of amyloid-- beta and tau proteins, leading to neuroinflammation, synaptic dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuronal loss. Conventional single-target therapies have shown limited effectiveness, prompting a shift toward simultaneously addressing multiple disease-related processes. Recent advancements in AD research underscore the potential of multifaceted therapies. This review explores strategies targeting both tau aggregation and amyloid-beta, along with interventions to alleviate neuroinflammation, enhance synaptic function, and reduce oxidative stress. In conclusion, the review emphasizes the growing importance of addressing various pathways in AD treatment. A holistic approach that targets different aspects of the disease holds promise for developing effective treatments and improving the quality of life for Alzheimer's patients and their caregivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratiksha Madar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Modern College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Pooja Nagalapur
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Modern College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Somdatta Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Modern College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Devesh Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, National JALMA Institute for Leprosy & Other Mycobacterial Diseases, Agra, India
| | - Akshada Koparde
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Krishna Foundation's Jaywant Institute of Pharmacy, Malkapur, Karad, India
| | - Rahul Buchade
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Indira College of Pharmacy, Tathwade, Pune, India
| | - Sandip Kshirsagar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Dr. D Y Patil College of Pharmacy, Pune, India
| | - Pravin Uttekar
- Department of Pharmacuetics, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Shailaja Jadhav
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Modern College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
| | - Praveen Chaudhari
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Modern College of Pharmacy, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, India
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Chiang YK, Lin YS, Chen CY, Lirng JF, Yang YH, Lee WJ, Fuh JL. Different Splice Isoforms of Peripheral Triggering Receptor Expressed on Myeloid Cells 2 mRNA Expressions are Associated With Cognitive Decline in Mild Dementia Due to Alzheimer's Disease and Reflect Central Neuroinflammation. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2024; 39:15333175241243183. [PMID: 38592304 PMCID: PMC11005501 DOI: 10.1177/15333175241243183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2024]
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is upregulated in activated microglia and may be related to cognitive decline in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). There is conflicting evidence regarding the association of peripheral TREM2 mRNA expression/soluble TREM2 (the extracellular domain of TREM2) with cognitive function/neuroinflammation in patients with AD. Herein, we studied the TREM2 and TREM2alt mRNA expression and their association with the cognitive performance in subjects with mild dementia due to AD and healthy controls. In a subgroup of patients with AD, magnetic resonance spectroscopy was used to measure the myo-inositol level in the posterior cingulate cortex, a surrogate marker for neuroinflammation. The results showed that increased TREM2 and TREM2alt mRNA expression is associated with AD pathogenesis at the mild dementia stage, thereby serving as a potential biomarker for early symptomatic stage of AD. TREM2 may exert protective effects on both cognition and central neuroinflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Kuan Chiang
- Division of General Neurology, Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Shuan Lin
- Division of General Neurology, Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yu Chen
- Division of General Neurology, Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jiing-Feng Lirng
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Radiology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Hsiu Yang
- Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Dementia Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Ju Lee
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurological Institute, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Dementia Center, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Post-Baccalaureate Medicine, College of Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Ling Fuh
- Division of General Neurology, Department of Neurology, Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Brain Research Center, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
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17
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Karachanak-Yankova S, Serbezov D, Mihaylova M, Nikolova D, Balabanski L, Damyanova V, Antonova O, Staneva R, Ganev M, Spasova V, Rukova B, Nesheva D, Josifovska S, Stancheva M, Belejanska D, Petrova M, Mehrabian S, Traykov L, Hadjidekova S, Toncheva D. Detection of pathogenic variants in Alzheimer’s disease related genes in Bulgarian patients by pooled whole-exome sequencing. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2023. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2022.2155572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sena Karachanak-Yankova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dimitar Serbezov
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Marta Mihaylova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Dragomira Nikolova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Vera Damyanova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Olga Antonova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Rada Staneva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mihail Ganev
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Victoria Spasova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Blaga Rukova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Desislava Nesheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Slavica Josifovska
- Department of Molecular Biology, Genetics and Microbiology, Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, ‘Ss. Cyril and Methodius’ University, Skopje, North Macedonia
| | - Mikaela Stancheva
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University ‘St. Kliment Ohridski’, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Diana Belejanska
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital ‘Alexandrovska’, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Mariya Petrova
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital ‘Alexandrovska’, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Shima Mehrabian
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital ‘Alexandrovska’, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Latchezar Traykov
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital ‘Alexandrovska’, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Savina Hadjidekova
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Draga Toncheva
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
- Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Malvaso A, Gatti A, Negro G, Calatozzolo C, Medici V, Poloni TE. Microglial Senescence and Activation in Healthy Aging and Alzheimer's Disease: Systematic Review and Neuropathological Scoring. Cells 2023; 12:2824. [PMID: 38132144 PMCID: PMC10742050 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The greatest risk factor for neurodegeneration is the aging of the multiple cell types of human CNS, among which microglia are important because they are the "sentinels" of internal and external perturbations and have long lifespans. We aim to emphasize microglial signatures in physiologic brain aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). A systematic literature search of all published articles about microglial senescence in human healthy aging and AD was performed, searching for PubMed and Scopus online databases. Among 1947 articles screened, a total of 289 articles were assessed for full-text eligibility. Microglial transcriptomic, phenotypic, and neuropathological profiles were analyzed comprising healthy aging and AD. Our review highlights that studies on animal models only partially clarify what happens in humans. Human and mice microglia are hugely heterogeneous. Like a two-sided coin, microglia can be protective or harmful, depending on the context. Brain health depends upon a balance between the actions and reactions of microglia maintaining brain homeostasis in cooperation with other cell types (especially astrocytes and oligodendrocytes). During aging, accumulating oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction weaken microglia leading to dystrophic/senescent, otherwise over-reactive, phenotype-enhancing neurodegenerative phenomena. Microglia are crucial for managing Aβ, pTAU, and damaged synapses, being pivotal in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Malvaso
- IRCCS “C. Mondino” Foundation, National Neurological Institute, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Alberto Gatti
- IRCCS “C. Mondino” Foundation, National Neurological Institute, Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (A.M.); (A.G.)
| | - Giulia Negro
- Department of Neurology, University of Milano Bicocca, 20126 Milan, Italy;
| | - Chiara Calatozzolo
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy;
| | - Valentina Medici
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Tino Emanuele Poloni
- Department of Neurology and Neuropathology, Golgi-Cenci Foundation, Abbiategrasso, 20081 Milan, Italy;
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Schoenberg PLA, Song AK, Mohr EM, Rogers BP, Peterson TE, Murphy BA. Increased microglia activation in late non-central nervous system cancer survivors links to chronic systemic symptomatology. Hum Brain Mapp 2023; 44:6001-6019. [PMID: 37751068 PMCID: PMC10619383 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.26491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prolonged inflammatory expression within the central nervous system (CNS) is recognized by the brain as a molecular signal of "sickness", that has knock-on effects to the blood-brain barrier, brain-spinal barrier, blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier, neuro-axonal structures, neurotransmitter activity, synaptic plasticity, neuroendocrine function, and resultant systemic symptomatology. It is concurred that the inflammatory process associated with cancer and cancer treatments underline systemic symptoms present in a large portion of survivors, although this concept is largely theoretical from disparate and indirect evidence and/or clinical anecdotal reports. We conducted a proof-of-concept study to link for the first time late non-CNS cancer survivors presenting chronic systemic symptoms and the presence of centralized inflammation, or neuroinflammation, using TSPO-binding PET tracer [11 C]-PBR28 to visualize microglial activation. We compared PBR28 SUVR in 10 non-CNS cancer survivors and 10 matched healthy controls. Our data revealed (1) microglial activation was significantly higher in caudate, temporal, and occipital regions in late non-central nervous system/CNS cancer survivors compared to healthy controls; (2) increased neuroinflammation in cancer survivors was not accompanied by significant differences in plasma cytokine markers of peripheral inflammation; (3) increased neuroinflammation was not accompanied by reduced fractional anisotropy, suggesting intact white matter microstructural integrity, a marker of neurovascular fiber tract organization; and (4) the presentation of chronic systemic symptoms in cancer survivors was significantly connected with microglial activation. We present the first data empirically supporting the concept of a peripheral-to-centralized inflammatory response in non-CNS cancer survivors, specifically those previously afflicted with head and neck cancer. Following resolution of the initial peripheral inflammation from the cancer/its treatments, in some cases damage/toxification to the central nervous system occurs, ensuing chronic systemic symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Poppy L. A. Schoenberg
- Department of Physical Medicine and RehabilitationVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Osher Center for Integrative HealthVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Alexander K. Song
- Department of NeurologyVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Vanderbilt Brain InstituteVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Emily M. Mohr
- Osher Center for Integrative HealthVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Baxter P. Rogers
- Vanderbilt Brain InstituteVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological SciencesVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Todd E. Peterson
- Vanderbilt Brain InstituteVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Department of Radiology and Radiological SciencesVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Barbara A. Murphy
- Division of Hematology and OncologyVanderbilt‐Ingram Cancer CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Yao J. Genome-wide association study in Alzheimer's disease: a bibliometric and visualization analysis. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1290657. [PMID: 38094504 PMCID: PMC10716290 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1290657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thousands of research studies concerning genome-wide association studies (GWAS) in Alzheimer's disease (AD) have been published in the last decades. However, a comprehensive understanding of the current research status and future development trends of GWAS in AD have not been clearly shown. In this study, we tried to gain a systematic overview of GWAS in AD by bibliometric and visualization analysis. METHODS The literature search terms are: ("genome-wide analysis" or "genome-wide association study" or "whole-genome analysis") AND ("Alzheimer's Disease" or "Alzheimer Disease"). Relevant publications were extracted from the Web of Science Core Collection (WoSCC) database. Collected data were further analyzed using VOSviewer, CiteSpace and R package Bibliometrix. The countries, institutions, authors and scholar collaborations were investigated. The co-citation analysis of publications was visualized. In addition, research hotspots and fronts were examined. RESULTS A total of 1,350 publications with 59,818 citations were identified. The number of publications and citations presented a significant rising trend since 2013. The United States was the leading country with an overwhelming number of publications (775) and citations (42,237). The University of Washington and Harvard University were the most prolific institutions with 101 publications each. Bennett DA was the most influential researcher with the highest local H-index. Neurobiology of Aging was the journal with the highest number of publications. Aβ, tau, immunity, microglia and DNA methylation were research hotspots. Disease and causal variants were research fronts. CONCLUSION The most frequently studied AD pathogenesis and research hotspots are (1) Aβ and tau, (2) immunity and microglia, with TREM2 as a potential immunotherapy target, and (3) DNA methylation. The research fronts are (1) looking for genetic similarities between AD and other neurological diseases and syndromes, and (2) searching for causal variants of AD. These hotspots suggest noteworthy directions for future studies on AD pathogenesis and genetics, in which basic research regarding immunity is promising for clinical conversion. The current under-researched directions are (1) GWAS in AD biomarkers based on large sample sizes, (2) studies of causal variants of AD, and (3) GWAS in AD based on non-European populations, which need to be strengthened in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junyao Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yinuo Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yingying Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Junyan Yao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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21
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Cousins O, Schubert JJ, Chandra A, Veronese M, Valkimadi P, Creese B, Khan Z, Arathimos R, Hampshire A, Rosenzweig I, Ballard C, Corbett A, Aasland D, Velayudhan L, O'Neill M, Collier D, Awais R, Sander K, Årstad E, Howes O, Turkheimer F, Hodges A. Microglial activation, tau and amyloid deposition in TREM2 p.R47H carriers and mild cognitive impairment patients: a multi-modal/multi-tracer PET/MRI imaging study with influenza vaccine immune challenge. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:272. [PMID: 37990275 PMCID: PMC10664604 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02945-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microglia are increasingly understood to play an important role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. The rs75932628 (p.R47H) TREM2 variant is a well-established risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. TREM2 is a microglial cell surface receptor. In this multi-modal/multi-tracer PET/MRI study we investigated the effect of TREM2 p.R47H carrier status on microglial activation, tau and amyloid deposition, brain structure and cognitive profile. METHODS We compared TREM2 p.R47H carriers (n = 8; median age = 62.3) and participants with mild cognitive impairment (n = 8; median age = 70.7). Participants underwent two [18F]DPA-714 PET/MRI scans to assess TSPO signal, indicative of microglial activation, before and after receiving the seasonal influenza vaccination, which was used as an immune stimulant. Participants also underwent [18F]florbetapir and [18F]AV1451 PET scans to assess amyloid and tau burden, respectively. Regional tau and TSPO signal were calculated for regions of interest linked to Braak stage. An additional comparison imaging healthy control group (n = 8; median age = 45.5) had a single [18F]DPA-714 PET/MRI. An expanded group of participants underwent neuropsychological testing, to determine if TREM2 status influenced clinical phenotype. RESULTS Compared to participants with mild cognitive impairment, TREM2 carriers had lower TSPO signal in Braak II (P = 0.04) and Braak III (P = 0.046) regions, despite having a similar burden of tau and amyloid. There were trends to suggest reduced microglial activation following influenza vaccine in TREM2 carriers. Tau deposition in the Braak VI region was higher in TREM2 carriers (P = 0.04). Furthermore, compared to healthy controls TREM2 carriers had smaller caudate (P = 0.02), total brain (P = 0.049) and white matter volumes (P = 0.02); and neuropsychological assessment revealed worse ADAS-Cog13 (P = 0.03) and Delayed Matching to Sample (P = 0.007) scores. CONCLUSIONS TREM2 p.R47H carriers had reduced levels of microglial activation in brain regions affected early in the Alzheimer's disease course and differences in brain structure and cognition. Changes in microglial response may underlie the increased Alzheimer's disease risk in TREM2 p.R47H carriers. Future therapeutic agents in Alzheimer's disease should aim to enhance protective microglial actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Cousins
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Julia J Schubert
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Avinash Chandra
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Mattia Veronese
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
- Department of Information Engineering, University of Padua, 35131, Padua, Italy
| | - Polena Valkimadi
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Byron Creese
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2HZ, UK
- Division of Psychology, Department of Life Sciences, Brunel University London, London, UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Zunera Khan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Ryan Arathimos
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Adam Hampshire
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Ivana Rosenzweig
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Clive Ballard
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2HZ, UK
| | - Anne Corbett
- College of Medicine and Health, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX1 2HZ, UK
| | - Dag Aasland
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Latha Velayudhan
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | | | | | - Ramla Awais
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1E 6BS, UK
| | - Kerstin Sander
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1E 6BS, UK
| | - Erik Årstad
- Centre for Radiopharmaceutical Chemistry, University College London, London, WC1E 6BS, UK
| | - Oliver Howes
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Federico Turkheimer
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK
| | - Angela Hodges
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, SE5 9RT, UK.
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22
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Huang W, Huang J, Huang N, Luo Y. The role of TREM2 in Alzheimer's disease: from the perspective of Tau. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1280257. [PMID: 38020891 PMCID: PMC10663217 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1280257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2), a pattern recognition receptor abundantly expressed on microglia, has been identified as one of the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Several studies have already demonstrated the relationship between TREM2 and Tau. TREM2 mutations and altered expression play an important role in Tau phosphorylation. Furthermore, the level of Tau phosphorylation is correlated with soluble TREM2 (sTREM2). However, in different stages of AD, TREM2 seems to have varying effects on Tau pathology. The explicit interaction between TREM2 and Tau, as well as how they affect AD pathology, remains unclear, and there is much evidence to the contrary that requires rational interpretation. Reviewing the dual roles of TREM2 in AD will help identify a more appropriate development strategy for targeting TREM2 to treat AD. Therefore, this review focuses on the interplay between Tau and TREM2 in relation to AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendi Huang
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
| | - Juan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Basic Pharmacology of Ministry of Education and Joint International Research Lab of Ethnomedicine of Ministry of Education, Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Nanqu Huang
- National Drug Clinical Trial Institution, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, Guizhou, China
| | - Yong Luo
- Department of Neurology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University (The First People’s Hospital of Zunyi), Zunyi, China
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23
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Calikusu FZ, Akkus S, Kochan Kizilkilic E, Poyraz BC, Altunç AT, Kiziltan G, Gunduz A. Atypical findings: Atypical parkinsonian syndromes or Atypical parkinsonian syndromes look-alikes. Clin Neurol Neurosurg 2023; 233:107975. [PMID: 37734268 DOI: 10.1016/j.clineuro.2023.107975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In parkinsonian syndromes, presentations other than current diagnostic criteria are considered atypical findings. Our goal was to identify and describe the frequency and features of uncommon manifestations of atypical parkinsonian syndromes within our group. METHODS We retrospectively retrieved the medical records of all patients admitted to our clinic with parkinsonism between January 2011 and January 2022. We only included patients with atypical parkinsonian syndromes, in which the diagnosis was based on current clinical criteria. We retrospectively analyzed neurological, psychiatric, radiological, and electrophysiological characteristics. Typical and atypical features were classified according to the current clinical criteria and previous reports. RESULTS We determined 51 patients with atypical parkinsonian syndromes; 46 were included, whereas five were excluded due to insufficient follow-up. The probable diagnoses were multiple system atrophy (MSA, n = 19), dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB, n = 10), frontotemporal dementia (FTD, n = 10), corticobasal syndrome (CBS, n = 3), progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP, n = 4). The prevalence of atypical findings was similar among different types of atypical parkinsonian syndromes (p = 0.847). Atypical findings were eyelid myoclonus, double vision in MSA; ataxia, myoclonus, and a typical hummingbird sign on MRI in DLB; pyramidal findings and family history in FTD; early onset, family history, and onset with psychiatric findings in PSP-like phenotype. Genetic causes were identified in the FTD-like phenotype with pyramidal findings, whereas symptom onset was early with myoclonus in the PSP-like phenotype. CONCLUSION Atypical findings such as abnormal saccades, myoclonus, and ataxia may be a part of degenerative syndromes. However, family history, onset at an earlier age, and specific neurological findings suggest genetic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Zehra Calikusu
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sema Akkus
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Kochan Kizilkilic
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Burc Cagri Poyraz
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Tarik Altunç
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Psychiatry, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gunes Kiziltan
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Gunduz
- Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Department of Neurology, Istanbul, Turkey.
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24
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Ogonowski N, Santamaria-Garcia H, Baez S, Lopez A, Laserna A, Garcia-Cifuentes E, Ayala-Ramirez P, Zarante I, Suarez-Obando F, Reyes P, Kauffman M, Cochran N, Schulte M, Sirkis DW, Spina S, Yokoyama JS, Miller BL, Kosik KS, Matallana D, Ibáñez A. Frontotemporal dementia presentation in patients with heterozygous p.H157Y variant of TREM2. J Med Genet 2023; 60:894-904. [PMID: 36813542 PMCID: PMC10447405 DOI: 10.1136/jmg-2022-108627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cell 2 (TREM2) is a major regulator of neuroinflammatory processes in neurodegeneration. To date, the p.H157Y variant of TREM2 has been reported only in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Here, we report three patients with frontotemporal dementia (FTD) from three unrelated families with heterozygous p.H157Y variant of TREM2: two patients from Colombian families (study 1) and a third Mexican origin case from the USA (study 2). METHODS To determine if the p.H157Y variant might be associated with a specific FTD presentation, we compared in each study the cases with age-matched, sex-matched and education-matched groups-a healthy control group (HC) and a group with FTD with neither TREM2 mutations nor family antecedents (Ng-FTD and Ng-FTD-MND). RESULTS The two Colombian cases presented with early behavioural changes, greater impairments in general cognition and executive function compared with both HC and Ng-FTD groups. These patients also exhibited brain atrophy in areas characteristic of FTD. Furthermore, TREM2 cases showed increased atrophy compared with Ng-FTD in frontal, temporal, parietal, precuneus, basal ganglia, parahippocampal/hippocampal and cerebellar regions. The Mexican case presented with FTD and motor neuron disease (MND), showing grey matter reduction in basal ganglia and thalamus, and extensive TDP-43 type B pathology. CONCLUSION In all TREM2 cases, multiple atrophy peaks overlapped with the maximum peaks of TREM2 gene expression in crucial brain regions including frontal, temporal, thalamic and basal ganglia areas. These results provide the first report of an FTD presentation potentially associated with the p.H157Y variant with exacerbated neurocognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia Ogonowski
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Adolfo Ibanez University, Santiago, Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
| | - Hernando Santamaria-Garcia
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), University California San Francisco (UCSF), San Francisco, California, USA
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana. Ph.D Program of Neuroscience, Bogotá, Colombia
- Hospital Universitario San Ignacio. Centro de Memoria y Cognición Intellectus, Bogotá, Colombia
| | | | - Andrea Lopez
- Hospital Universitario de la Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Bogota, Colombia
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Andrés Laserna
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
- University of Rochester Medical Center. Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine. of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Rochester, NY, New York, USA
| | - Elkin Garcia-Cifuentes
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
- Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Paola Ayala-Ramirez
- Human Genomics Institute, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | | | | | - Pablo Reyes
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Marcelo Kauffman
- Hospital General de Agudos Jose Maria Ramos Mejia Consultorio y Laboratorio de Neurogenetica, Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Austral. IIMT-FCB. Conicet, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | | | - Daniel W Sirkis
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weil Institute of Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Salvatore Spina
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jennifer S Yokoyama
- Department of Neurology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Weil Institute of Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | | | - Kenneth S Kosik
- University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, California, USA
| | - Diana Matallana
- Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
- Hospital Universitario Fundación Santa Fe, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Agustín Ibáñez
- Latin American Institute for Brain Health (BrainLat), Universidad Adolfo Ibanez, Adolfo Ibanez University, Santiago, Chile, Santiago de Chile, Chile
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Cognitive Neuroscience Center (CNC), Universidad de San Andres & CONICET, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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25
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Waury K, de Wit R, Verberk IMW, Teunissen CE, Abeln S. Deciphering Protein Secretion from the Brain to Cerebrospinal Fluid for Biomarker Discovery. J Proteome Res 2023; 22:3068-3080. [PMID: 37606934 PMCID: PMC10476268 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.3c00366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023]
Abstract
Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is an essential matrix for the discovery of neurological disease biomarkers. However, the high dynamic range of protein concentrations in CSF hinders the detection of the least abundant protein biomarkers by untargeted mass spectrometry. It is thus beneficial to gain a deeper understanding of the secretion processes within the brain. Here, we aim to explore if and how the secretion of brain proteins to the CSF can be predicted. By combining a curated CSF proteome and the brain elevated proteome of the Human Protein Atlas, brain proteins were classified as CSF or non-CSF secreted. A machine learning model was trained on a range of sequence-based features to differentiate between CSF and non-CSF groups and effectively predict the brain origin of proteins. The classification model achieves an area under the curve of 0.89 if using high confidence CSF proteins. The most important prediction features include the subcellular localization, signal peptides, and transmembrane regions. The classifier generalized well to the larger brain detected proteome and is able to correctly predict novel CSF proteins identified by affinity proteomics. In addition to elucidating the underlying mechanisms of protein secretion, the trained classification model can support biomarker candidate selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Waury
- Department
of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renske de Wit
- Department
of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge M. W. Verberk
- Neurochemistry
Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte E. Teunissen
- Neurochemistry
Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Neuroscience, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam UMC, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sanne Abeln
- Department
of Computer Science, Vrije Universiteit
Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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26
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Jeremic D, Jiménez-Díaz L, Navarro-López JD. Targeting epigenetics: A novel promise for Alzheimer's disease treatment. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 90:102003. [PMID: 37422087 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.102003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/10/2023]
Abstract
So far, the search for a cure for Alzheimer Disease (AD) has been unsuccessful. The only approved drugs attenuate some symptoms, but do not halt the progress of this disease, which affects 50 million people worldwide and will increase its incidence in the coming decades. Such scenario demands new therapeutic approaches to fight against this devastating dementia. In recent years, multi-omics research and the analysis of differential epigenetic marks in AD subjects have contributed to our understanding of AD; however, the impact of epigenetic research is yet to be seen. This review integrates the most recent data on pathological processes and epigenetic changes relevant for aging and AD, as well as current therapies targeting epigenetic machinery in clinical trials. Evidence shows that epigenetic modifications play a key role in gene expression, which could provide multi-target preventative and therapeutic approaches in AD. Both novel and repurposed drugs are employed in AD clinical trials due to their epigenetic effects, as well as increasing number of natural compounds. Given the reversible nature of epigenetic modifications and the complexity of gene-environment interactions, the combination of epigenetic-based therapies with environmental strategies and drugs with multiple targets might be needed to properly help AD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danko Jeremic
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, NeuroPhysiology & Behavior Lab, Biomedical Research Center (CRIB), School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Lydia Jiménez-Díaz
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, NeuroPhysiology & Behavior Lab, Biomedical Research Center (CRIB), School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Juan D Navarro-López
- University of Castilla-La Mancha, NeuroPhysiology & Behavior Lab, Biomedical Research Center (CRIB), School of Medicine of Ciudad Real, Spain.
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27
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De Marchi F, Tondo G, Corrado L, Menegon F, Aprile D, Anselmi M, D’Alfonso S, Comi C, Mazzini L. Neuroinflammatory Pathways in the ALS-FTD Continuum: A Focus on Genetic Variants. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1658. [PMID: 37628709 PMCID: PMC10454262 DOI: 10.3390/genes14081658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) and Frontotemporal dementia (FDT) are progressive neurodegenerative disorders that, in several cases, overlap in clinical presentation, and genetic and pathological disease mechanisms. About 10-15% of ALS cases and up to 40% of FTD are familial, usually with dominant traits. ALS and FTD, in several cases, share common gene mutations, such as in C9ORF72, TARDBP, SQSTM-1, FUS, VCP, CHCHD10, and TBK-1. Also, several mechanisms are involved in ALS and FTD pathogenesis, such as protein misfolding, oxidative stress, and impaired axonal transport. In addition, neuroinflammation and neuroinflammatory cells, such as astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, microglia, and lymphocytes and, overall, the cellular microenvironment, have been proposed as pivotal players in the pathogenesis the ALS-FTD spectrum disorders. This review overviews the current evidence regarding neuroinflammatory markers in the ALS/FTD continuum, focusing on the neuroinflammatory pathways involved in the genetic cases, moving from post-mortem reports to in vivo biofluid and neuroimaging data. We further discuss the potential link between genetic and autoimmune disorders and potential therapeutic implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola De Marchi
- ALS Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
| | - Giacomo Tondo
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (G.T.); (D.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Lucia Corrado
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Federico Menegon
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Davide Aprile
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (G.T.); (D.A.); (C.C.)
| | - Matteo Anselmi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy; (F.M.); (M.A.)
| | - Sandra D’Alfonso
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, 28100 Novara, Italy; (L.C.); (S.D.)
| | - Cristoforo Comi
- Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, S. Andrea Hospital, University of Piemonte Orientale, 13100 Vercelli, Italy; (G.T.); (D.A.); (C.C.)
- Interdisciplinary Research Center of Autoimmune Diseases (IRCAD), University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- ALS Center, Neurology Unit, Department of Translational Medicine, University of Piemonte Orientale, 28100 Novara, Italy;
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28
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Quan M, Cao S, Wang Q, Wang S, Jia J. Genetic Phenotypes of Alzheimer's Disease: Mechanisms and Potential Therapy. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 3:333-349. [PMID: 37589021 PMCID: PMC10425323 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-023-00098-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Years of intensive research has brought us extensive knowledge on the genetic and molecular factors involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD). In addition to the mutations in the three main causative genes of familial AD (FAD) including presenilins and amyloid precursor protein genes, studies have identified several genes as the most plausible genes for the onset and progression of FAD, such as triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2, sortilin-related receptor 1, and adenosine triphosphate-binding cassette transporter subfamily A member 7. The apolipoprotein E ε4 allele is reported to be the strongest genetic risk factor for sporadic AD (SAD), and it also plays an important role in FAD. Here, we reviewed recent developments in genetic and molecular studies that contributed to the understanding of the genetic phenotypes of FAD and compared them with SAD. We further reviewed the advancements in AD gene therapy and discussed the future perspectives based on the genetic phenotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meina Quan
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China
- National Medical Center for Neurological Disorders and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Shuman Cao
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Qi Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China
- National Medical Center for Neurological Disorders and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Shiyuan Wang
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China
| | - Jianping Jia
- Innovation Center for Neurological Disorders and Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China
- National Medical Center for Neurological Disorders and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Diseases, Beijing, 100053 China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Geriatric Cognitive Disorders, Beijing, 100053 China
- Clinical Center for Neurodegenerative Disease and Memory Impairment, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China
- Center of Alzheimer’s Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Disorders, Beijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053 China
- Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Ministry of Education, Beijing, 100053 China
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29
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Antonioni A, Raho EM, Lopriore P, Pace AP, Latino RR, Assogna M, Mancuso M, Gragnaniello D, Granieri E, Pugliatti M, Di Lorenzo F, Koch G. Frontotemporal Dementia, Where Do We Stand? A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11732. [PMID: 37511491 PMCID: PMC10380352 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a neurodegenerative disease of growing interest, since it accounts for up to 10% of middle-age-onset dementias and entails a social, economic, and emotional burden for the patients and caregivers. It is characterised by a (at least initially) selective degeneration of the frontal and/or temporal lobe, generally leading to behavioural alterations, speech disorders, and psychiatric symptoms. Despite the recent advances, given its extreme heterogeneity, an overview that can bring together all the data currently available is still lacking. Here, we aim to provide a state of the art on the pathogenesis of this disease, starting with established findings and integrating them with more recent ones. In particular, advances in the genetics field will be examined, assessing them in relation to both the clinical manifestations and histopathological findings, as well as considering the link with other diseases, such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Furthermore, the current diagnostic criteria will be explored, including neuroimaging methods, nuclear medicine investigations, and biomarkers on biological fluids. Of note, the promising information provided by neurophysiological investigations, i.e., electroencephalography and non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, concerning the alterations in brain networks and neurotransmitter systems will be reviewed. Finally, current and experimental therapies will be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annibale Antonioni
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Doctoral Program in Translational Neurosciences and Neurotechnologies, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Emanuela Maria Raho
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Piervito Lopriore
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonia Pia Pace
- Institute of Radiology, Department of Medicine, University of Udine, University Hospital S. Maria della Misericordia, Azienda Sanitaria-Universitaria Friuli Centrale, 33100 Udine, Italy
| | - Raffaela Rita Latino
- Complex Structure of Neurology, Emergency Department, Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, 71013 San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Martina Assogna
- Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome 'Tor Vergata', 00133 Rome, Italy
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Michelangelo Mancuso
- Neurological Institute, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Daniela Gragnaniello
- Nuerology Unit, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, Ferrara University Hospital, 44124 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Enrico Granieri
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maura Pugliatti
- Unit of Clinical Neurology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Francesco Di Lorenzo
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico Santa Lucia, 00179 Rome, Italy
- Iit@Unife Center for Translational Neurophysiology, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
- Section of Human Physiology, Neurosciences and Rehabilitation Department, University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Zhang W, Xiao D, Mao Q, Xia H. Role of neuroinflammation in neurodegeneration development. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:267. [PMID: 37433768 PMCID: PMC10336149 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01486-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 71.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Studies in neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Huntington's disease, and so on, have suggested that inflammation is not only a result of neurodegeneration but also a crucial player in this process. Protein aggregates which are very common pathological phenomenon in neurodegeneration can induce neuroinflammation which further aggravates protein aggregation and neurodegeneration. Actually, inflammation even happens earlier than protein aggregation. Neuroinflammation induced by genetic variations in CNS cells or by peripheral immune cells may induce protein deposition in some susceptible population. Numerous signaling pathways and a range of CNS cells have been suggested to be involved in the pathogenesis of neurodegeneration, although they are still far from being completely understood. Due to the limited success of traditional treatment methods, blocking or enhancing inflammatory signaling pathways involved in neurodegeneration are considered to be promising strategies for the therapy of neurodegenerative diseases, and many of them have got exciting results in animal models or clinical trials. Some of them, although very few, have been approved by FDA for clinical usage. Here we comprehensively review the factors affecting neuroinflammation and the major inflammatory signaling pathways involved in the pathogenicity of neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. We also summarize the current strategies, both in animal models and in the clinic, for the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weifeng Zhang
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China
| | - Dan Xiao
- The State Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, P.R. China
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, No. 169 Changle West Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Qinwen Mao
- Department of Pathology, University of Utah, Huntsman Cancer Institute, 2000 Circle of Hope Drive, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Haibin Xia
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, 199 South Chang'an Road, Xi'an, 710062, P.R. China.
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Passero M, Zhai T, Huang Z. Investigation of Potential Drug Targets for Cholesterol Regulation to Treat Alzheimer's Disease. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:6217. [PMID: 37444065 PMCID: PMC10341567 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20136217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive research and seven approved drugs, the complex interplay of genes, proteins, and pathways in Alzheimer's disease remains a challenge. This implies the intricacies of the mechanism for Alzheimer's disease, which involves the interaction of hundreds of genes, proteins, and pathways. While the major hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease are the accumulation of amyloid plaques and tau protein tangles, excessive accumulation of cholesterol is reportedly correlated with Alzheimer's disease patients. In this work, protein-protein interaction analysis was conducted based upon the genes from a clinical database to identify the top protein targets with most data-indicated involvement in Alzheimer's disease, which include ABCA1, CYP46A1, BACE1, TREM2, GSK3B, and SREBP2. The reactions and pathways associated with these genes were thoroughly studied for their roles in regulating brain cholesterol biosynthesis, amyloid beta accumulation, and tau protein tangle formation. Existing clinical trials for each protein target were also investigated. The research indicated that the inhibition of SREBP2, BACE1, or GSK3B is beneficial to reduce cholesterol and amyloid beta accumulation, while the activation of ABCA1, CYP46A1, or TREM2 has similar effects. In this study, Sterol Regulatory Element-Binding Protein 2 (SREBP2) emerged as the primary protein target. SREBP2 serves a pivotal role in maintaining cholesterol balance, acting as a transcription factor that controls the expression of several enzymes pivotal for cholesterol biosynthesis. Novel studies suggest that SREBP2 performs a multifaceted role in Alzheimer's disease. The hyperactivity of SREBP2 may lead to heightened cholesterol biosynthesis, which suggested association with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Lowering SREBP2 levels in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model results in reduced production of amyloid-beta, a major contributor to Alzheimer's disease progression. Moreover, its thoroughly analyzed crystal structure allows for computer-aided screening of potential inhibitors; SREBP2 is thus selected as a prospective drug target. While more protein targets can be added onto the list in the future, this work provides an overview of key proteins involved in the regulation of brain cholesterol biosynthesis that may be further investigated for Alzheimer's disease intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zuyi Huang
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Villanova University, Villanova, PA 19085, USA
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Silvaieh S, König T, Wurm R, Parvizi T, Berger-Sieczkowski E, Goeschl S, Hotzy C, Wagner M, Berutti R, Sammler E, Stögmann E, Zimprich A. Comprehensive genetic screening of early-onset dementia patients in an Austrian cohort-suggesting new disease-contributing genes. Hum Genomics 2023; 17:55. [PMID: 37330543 PMCID: PMC10276391 DOI: 10.1186/s40246-023-00499-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Early-onset dementia (EOD), with symptom onset before age 65, has a strong genetic burden. Due to genetic and clinical overlaps between different types of dementia, whole-exome sequencing (WES) has emerged as an appropriate screening method for diagnostic testing and novel gene-finding approaches. We performed WES and C9orf72 repeat testing in 60 well-defined Austrian EOD patients. Seven patients (12%) carried likely disease-causing variants in monogenic genes, PSEN1, MAPT, APP, and GRN. Five patients (8%) were APOE4 homozygote carriers. Definite and possible risk variants were detected in the genes TREM2, SORL1, ABCA7 and TBK1. In an explorative approach, we cross-checked rare gene variants in our cohort with a curated neurodegeneration candidate gene list and identified DCTN1, MAPK8IP3, LRRK2, VPS13C and BACE1 as promising candidate genes. Conclusively, 12 cases (20%) carried variants relevant to patient counseling, comparable to previously reported studies, and can thus be considered genetically resolved. Reduced penetrance, oligogenic inheritance and not yet identified high-risk genes might explain the high number of unresolved cases. To address this issue, we provide complete genetic and phenotypic information (uploaded to the European Genome-phenome Archive), enabling other researchers to cross-check variants. Thereby, we hope to increase the chance of independently finding the same gene/variant-hit in other well-defined EOD patient cohorts, thus confirming new genetic risk variants or variant combinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Silvaieh
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa König
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Raphael Wurm
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tandis Parvizi
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Evelyn Berger-Sieczkowski
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stella Goeschl
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Hotzy
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matias Wagner
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- Institute of Neurogenomics, Helmholtz Centrum, Munich, Germany
| | - Riccardo Berutti
- Institute of Human Genetics, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Esther Sammler
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, DD1 5EH, UK
| | - Elisabeth Stögmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Alexander Zimprich
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Comprehensive Center for Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Lyu S, Lan Z, Li C. The triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2-apolipoprotein E signaling pathway in diseases. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:1291-1299. [PMID: 37130227 PMCID: PMC10309513 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (TREM2) is a membrane receptor on myeloid cells and plays an important role in the body's immune defense. Recently, TREM2 has received extensive attention from researchers, and its activity has been found in Alzheimer's disease, neuroinflammation, and traumatic brain injury. The appearance of TREM2 is usually accompanied by changes in apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and there has been a lot of research into their structure, as well as the interaction mode and signal pathways involved in them. As two molecules with broad and important roles in the human body, understanding their correlation may provide therapeutic targets for certain diseases. In this article, we reviewed several diseases in which TREM2 and ApoE are synergistically involved in the development. We further discussed the positive or negative effects of the TREM2-ApoE pathway on nervous system immunity and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shukai Lyu
- Department of General Practice, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Zhuoqing Lan
- Department of General Practice, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
| | - Caixia Li
- Department of General Practice, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Yiwu, Zhejiang 322000, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310003, China
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Wang Z, Fu Y, Chen S, Huang Y, Ma Y, Wang Y, Tan L, Yu J. Association of rs2062323 in the TREM1 gene with Alzheimer's disease and cerebrospinal fluid-soluble TREM2. CNS Neurosci Ther 2023; 29:1657-1666. [PMID: 36815315 PMCID: PMC10173721 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION AND AIMS Genetic variations play a significant role in determining an individual's AD susceptibility. Research on the connection between AD and TREM1 gene polymorphisms (SNPs) remained lacking. We sought to examine the associations between TREM1 SNPs and AD. METHODS Based on the 1000 Genomes Project data, linkage disequilibrium (LD) analyses were utilized to screen for candidate SNPs in the TREM1 gene. AD cases (1081) and healthy control subjects (870) were collected and genotyped, and the associations between candidate SNPs and AD risk were analyzed. We explored the associations between target SNP and AD biomarkers. Moreover, 842 individuals from ADNI were selected to verify these results. Linear mixed models were used to estimate associations between the target SNP and longitudinal cognitive changes. RESULTS The rs2062323 was identified to be associated with AD risk in the Han population, and rs2062323T carriers had a lower AD risk (co-dominant model: OR, 0.67, 95% CI, 0.51-0.88, p = 0.0037; additive model: OR, 0.82, 95% CI, 0.72-0.94, p = 0.0032). Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) sTREM2 levels were significantly increased in middle-aged rs2062323T carriers (additive model: β = 0.18, p = 0.0348). We also found significantly elevated levels of CSF sTREM2 in the ADNI. The rate of cognitive decline slowed down in rs2062323T carriers. CONCLUSIONS This study is the first to identify significant associations between TREM1 rs2062323 and AD risk. The rs2062323T may be involved in AD by regulating the expression of TREM1, TREML1, TREM2, and sTREM2. The TREM family is expected to be a potential therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuo‐Teng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal HospitalQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and PharmaceuticsOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Yan Fu
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal HospitalQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Shi‐Dong Chen
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yu‐Yuan Huang
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ya‐Hui Ma
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal HospitalQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
| | - Yan‐Jiang Wang
- Department of Neurology and Centre for Clinical Neuroscience, Daping HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqingChina
| | - Lan Tan
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal HospitalQingdao UniversityQingdaoChina
- Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, College of Medicine and PharmaceuticsOcean University of ChinaQingdaoChina
| | - Jin‐Tai Yu
- Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical CollegeFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
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Han Y, Liu D, Cheng Y, Ji Q, Liu M, Zhang B, Zhou S. Maintenance of mitochondrial homeostasis for Alzheimer's disease: Strategies and challenges. Redox Biol 2023; 63:102734. [PMID: 37159984 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2023.102734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 04/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, and its early onset is closely related to mitochondrial energy metabolism. The brain is only 2% of body weight, but consumes 20% of total energy needs. Mitochondria are responsible for providing energy in cells, and maintaining their homeostasis ensures an adequate supply of energy to the brain. Mitochondrial homeostasis is constituted by mitochondrial quantity and quality control, which is dynamically regulated by mitochondrial energy metabolism, mitochondrial dynamics and mitochondrial quality control. Impaired energy metabolism of brain cells occurs early in AD, and maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis is a promising therapeutic target in the future. We summarized the mechanism of mitochondrial homeostasis in AD, its influence on the pathogenesis of early AD, strategies for maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis, and mitochondrial targeting strategies. This review concludes with the authors' opinions on future research and development for mitochondrial homeostasis of early AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Han
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Daozhou Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Ying Cheng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Qifeng Ji
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Miao Liu
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Bangle Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China
| | - Siyuan Zhou
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Air Force Medical University, Changle West Road 169, Xi'an, 710032, Shaanxi, China.
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Molgora M, Liu YA, Colonna M, Cella M. TREM2: A new player in the tumor microenvironment. Semin Immunol 2023; 67:101739. [PMID: 36989543 DOI: 10.1016/j.smim.2023.101739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
TREM2 is a myeloid cell receptor that has been extensively described in the context of neuroinflammation and neurodegenerative diseases. Recently, TREM2 emerged as a crucial regulator of macrophage function in tumors. TREM2-deficiency or blockade provide protection and promote the response to anti-PD1 in different murine models. In human tumors, TREM2-expressing macrophages are present in numerous cohorts and tumor types and are generally associated with immunosuppression and poor prognosis. Here, we provide an overview of the impact of TREM2 in tumors considering current literature, with a focus on both murine models and human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Molgora
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
| | - Yizhou A Liu
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marco Colonna
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marina Cella
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.
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Lu Y, Huang X, Liang W, Li Y, Xing M, Pan W, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Song W. Regulation of TREM2 expression by transcription factor YY1 and its protective effect against Alzheimer's Disease. J Biol Chem 2023; 299:104688. [PMID: 37044212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2023.104688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
TREM2 encoding the transmembrane receptor protein TREM2 is a risk gene of Alzheimer's disease (AD), and the impairment of TREM2 functions in microglia due to mutations in TREM2 may significantly increase the risk of AD by promoting AD pathologies. However, how the expression of TREM2 is regulated and the transcription factors required for TREM2 expression are largely unknown. By luciferase assay, DNA pull-down and in silico predictions, we identified ying-yang-1(YY1) as a binding protein of the minimal promoter of the TREM2 gene, and the binding was further confirmed by EMSA and DNA pull-down assay. shRNA-mediated YY1 silencing significantly reduced the activity of the TREM2 minimal promoter and TREM2 protein levels in the microglial cell line BV2 and the neuroblastoma Neuro2A. Furthermore, we found that the levels of TREM2 and YY1 were both downregulated in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-treated BV2 cells and in the brain of AD model mice. These results demonstrated that YY1 plays a crucial role in regulation of TREM2 expression. Our study suggests that microglial YY1 could be targeted to maintain TREM2 expression for AD prevention and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Lu
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Xiaofeng Huang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Wenping Liang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Yu Li
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Mengen Xing
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Wenhao Pan
- Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China
| | - Yun Zhang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China
| | - Zhe Wang
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China.
| | - Weihong Song
- The National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100053, China; Institute of Aging, Key Laboratory of Alzheimer's Disease of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, School of Mental Health and The Affiliated Wenzhou Kangning Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Oujiang Laboratory (Zhejiang Lab for Regenerative Medicine, Vision and Brain Health), Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325000, China.
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Fu XX, Chen SY, Lian HW, Deng Y, Duan R, Zhang YD, Jiang T. The TREM2 H157Y Variant Influences Microglial Phagocytosis, Polarization, and Inflammatory Cytokine Release. Brain Sci 2023; 13:brainsci13040642. [PMID: 37190607 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13040642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we reported that H157Y, a rare coding variant on exon 3 of the triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 gene (TREM2), was associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk in a Han Chinese population. To date, how this variant increases AD risk has remained unclear. In this study, using CRISPR-Cas9-engineered BV2 microglia, we tried to investigate the influence of the Trem2 H157Y variant on AD-related microglial functions. For the first time, we revealed that the Trem2 H157Y variant inhibits microglial phagocytosis of amyloid-β, promotes M1-type polarization of microglia, and facilitates microglial release of inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. These findings provide new insights into the cellular mechanisms by which the TREM2 H157Y variant elevates the risk of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Xin Fu
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211100, China
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Shuai-Yu Chen
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Hui-Wen Lian
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Yang Deng
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211100, China
| | - Rui Duan
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211100, China
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Ying-Dong Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, China Pharmaceutical University, No.639 Longmian Road, Nanjing 211100, China
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
| | - Teng Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Nanjing First Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, No.68 Changle Road, Nanjing 210006, China
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Luo Q, Deng D, Li Y, Shi H, Zhao J, Qian Q, Wang W, Cai J, Yu W, Liu J. TREM2 Insufficiency Protects against Pulmonary Fibrosis by Inhibiting M2 Macrophage Polarization. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 118:110070. [PMID: 37003186 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2023.110070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Rationale Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a lung disease with high mortality, limited treatment options and an unknown aetiology. M2 macrophages play a critical role in the pathological process of IPF. Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (TREM2) participates in the regulation of macrophages, although its role in IPF remains elusive. METHODS This study examined the role of TREM2 in macrophage regulation using a well-established bleomycin (BLM)-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF) mouse model. TREM2 insufficiency was induced by intratracheal treatment with TREM2-specific siRNA. The effects of TREM2 on IPF were evaluated using histological staining and molecular biological methods. RESULTS TREM2 expression levels were significantly elevated in the lungs of IPF patients and mice with BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis mice. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that IPF patients with higher TREM2 expression had a shorter survival time, and that TREM2 expression was closely associated with fibroblasts and M2 macrophages. Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis showed that found TREM2-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were associated with inflammatory responses, extracellular matrix (ECM) and collagen formation. Single-cell RNA sequencing analysis revealed that TREM2 was predominantly expressed in macrophages. TREM2 insufficiency inhibited BLM-induced pulmonary fibrosis and M2 macrophage polarization. Mechanistic studies showed that TREM2 insufficiency suppressed the activation of STAT6 and the expression of fibrotic factors such as Fibronectin (Fib), Collagen I (Col I) and α- smooth muscle actin (α-SMA). CONCLUSION Our study showed that TREM2 insufficiency might alleviate pulmonary fibrosis possibly through macrophage polarization regulation via STAT6 activation, providing a promising macrophage-related approach for the clinical therapy of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiujie Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan 430071, China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Structural Heart Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Dawei Deng
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan 430071, China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Structural Heart Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Yang Li
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan 430071, China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Structural Heart Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hongjie Shi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan 430071, China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Structural Heart Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jinping Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan 430071, China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Structural Heart Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Qiaofeng Qian
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan 430071, China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Structural Heart Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan 430071, China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Structural Heart Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Jie Cai
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan 430071, China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Structural Heart Disease, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Wenjun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan 430071, China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Structural Heart Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
| | - Jinping Liu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China; Hubei Provincial Engineering Research Center of Minimally Invasive Cardiovascular Surgery, Wuhan 430071, China; Wuhan Clinical Research Center for Minimally Invasive Treatment of Structural Heart Disease, Wuhan 430071, China.
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Wang M, Zhang H, Liang J, Huang J, Chen N. Exercise suppresses neuroinflammation for alleviating Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2023; 20:76. [PMID: 36935511 PMCID: PMC10026496 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-023-02753-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease, with the characteristics of neurofibrillary tangle (NFT) and senile plaque (SP) formation. Although great progresses have been made in clinical trials based on relevant hypotheses, these studies are also accompanied by the emergence of toxic and side effects, and it is an urgent task to explore the underlying mechanisms for the benefits to prevent and treat AD. Herein, based on animal experiments and a few clinical trials, neuroinflammation in AD is characterized by long-term activation of pro-inflammatory microglia and the NOD-, LRR- and pyrin domain-containing protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes. Damaged signals from the periphery and within the brain continuously activate microglia, thus resulting in a constant source of inflammatory responses. The long-term chronic inflammatory response also exacerbates endoplasmic reticulum oxidative stress in microglia, which triggers microglia-dependent immune responses, ultimately leading to the occurrence and deterioration of AD. In this review, we systematically summarized and sorted out that exercise ameliorates AD by directly and indirectly regulating immune response of the central nervous system and promoting hippocampal neurogenesis to provide a new direction for exploring the neuroinflammation activity in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Wang
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Hu Zhang
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jiling Liang
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Jielun Huang
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Sports Medicine, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan, 430079, China.
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Wijesinghe P, Whitmore CA, Campbell M, Li C, Tsuyuki M, To E, Haynes J, Pham W, Matsubara JA. Ergothioneine, a dietary antioxidant improves amyloid beta clearance in the neuroretina of a mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1107436. [PMID: 36998724 PMCID: PMC10043244 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1107436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionErgothioneine (Ergo) is a naturally occurring dietary antioxidant. Ergo uptake is dependent on the transporter, organic cation transporter novel-type 1 (OCTN1) distribution. OCTN1 is highly expressed in blood cells (myeloid lineage cells), brain and ocular tissues that are likely predisposed to oxidative stress. Ergo may protect the brain and eye against oxidative damage and inflammation, however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Amyloid beta (Aβ) clearance is a complex process mediated by various systems and cell types including vascular transport across the blood–brain barrier, glymphatic drainage, and engulfment and degradation by resident microglia and infiltrating innate immune cells. Impaired Aβ clearance is a major cause for Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Here we investigated neuroretinas to explore the neuroprotective effect of Ergo in a transgenic AD mouse model.MethodsAge-matched groups of Ergo-treated 5XFAD, non-treated 5XFAD, and C57BL/6J wildtype (WT controls) were used to assess Ergo transporter OCTN1 expression and Aβ load along with microglia/macrophage (IBA1) and astrocyte (GFAP) markers in wholemount neuroretinas (n = 26) and eye cross-sections (n = 18). Immunoreactivity was quantified by fluorescence or by semi-quantitative assessments.Results and discussionOCTN1 immunoreactivity was significantly low in the eye cross-sections of Ergo-treated and non-treated 5XFAD vs. WT controls. Strong Aβ labeling, detected in the superficial layers in the wholemounts of Ergo-treated 5XFAD vs. non-treated 5XFAD reflects the existence of an effective Aβ clearance system. This was supported by imaging of cross-sections where Aβ immunoreactivity was significantly low in the neuroretina of Ergo-treated 5XFAD vs. non-treated 5XFAD. Moreover, semi-quantitative analysis in wholemounts identified a significantly reduced number of large Aβ deposits or plaques, and a significantly increased number of IBA1(+)ve blood-derived phagocytic macrophages in Ergo-treated 5XFAD vs. non-treated 5XFAD. In sum, enhanced Aβ clearance in Ergo-treated 5XFAD suggests that Ergo uptake may promote Aβ clearance possibly by blood-derived phagocytic macrophages and via perivascular drainage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Printha Wijesinghe
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Eye Care Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Clayton A. Whitmore
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Matthew Campbell
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Eye Care Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Charles Li
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Eye Care Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Miranda Tsuyuki
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Eye Care Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eleanor To
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Eye Care Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Justin Haynes
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Wellington Pham
- Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Joanne A. Matsubara
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Eye Care Centre, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- *Correspondence: Joanne A. Matsubara,
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Khezri MR, Mohebalizadeh M, Ghasemnejad-Berenji M. Therapeutic potential of ADAM10 modulation in Alzheimer's disease: a review of the current evidence. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:60. [PMID: 36918870 PMCID: PMC10012555 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01072-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the most common neurodegenerative disease worldwide, is caused by loss of neurons and synapses in central nervous system. Several causes for neuronal death in AD have been introduced, the most important of which are extracellular amyloid β (Aβ) accumulation and aggregated tau proteins. Increasing evidence suggest that targeting the process of Aβ production to reduce its deposition can serve as a therapeutic option for AD management. In this regard, therapeutic interventions shown that a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein (ADAM) 10, involved in non-amyloidogenic pathway of amyloid precursor protein processing, is known to be a suitable candidate. Therefore, this review aims to examine the molecular properties of ADAM10, its role in AD, and introduce it as a therapeutic target to reduce the progression of the disease. Video abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Rafi Khezri
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Sero Road, Urmia, 5715799313, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Mohebalizadeh
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Sero Road, Urmia, 5715799313, Iran.,Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Ghasemnejad-Berenji
- Student Research Committee, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Sero Road, Urmia, 5715799313, Iran. .,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran. .,Research Center for Experimental and Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences, Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
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Bonomi CG, Assogna M, Di Donna MG, Bernocchi F, De Lucia V, Nuccetelli M, Fiorelli D, Loizzo S, Mercuri NB, Koch G, Martorana A, Motta C. Cerebrospinal Fluid sTREM-2, GFAP, and β-S100 in Symptomatic Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease: Microglial, Astrocytic, and APOE Contributions Along the Alzheimer's Disease Continuum. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 92:1385-1397. [PMID: 36911936 DOI: 10.3233/jad-221010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many transversal mechanisms act synergistically at different time-points in the cascade of Alzheimer's disease (AD), since amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, tau pathology, and neuroinflammation influence each other. OBJECTIVE We explored the contributions of microglia and astrocytes in patients with symptomatic sporadic AD stratified according to AT(N) system and APOE genotype. METHODS We compared the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of sTREM-2 and markers of astrocytic activation (GFAP; β-S100) from 71 patients with AD (23 A+T-,48 A+T+; 38 APOEɛ3, 33 APOEɛ4) and 30 healthy controls (HC). With multivariate analyses we investigated associations between glial biomarkers, Aβ42, and p-tau in all subgroups. RESULTS CSF sTREM-2 was higher in A+T+ [1.437 (0.264)] and A+T- [1.355 (0.213)] than in HC [1.042 (0.198); both p < 0.001]; GFAP and β-S100 were comparable across groups. Considering all patients, sTREM-2 positively associated with Aβ 42 (p = 0.04) and p-tau (=0.016), with the first being present only in the A+T- subgroup (p = 0.023). GFAP positively associated with Aβ 42 in all patients (p = 0.020) and in the A+T+ subgroup (p = 0.04). Stratifying by APOE, a positive association of sTREM-2 and p-tau was confirmed selectively in carriers of ɛ4 (p = 0.018). Finally, sTREM-2 positively correlated with β-S100 in all subgroups, and with GFAP in A+T+ (p = 0.042). CONCLUSION Our results confirm the increase of CSF sTREM-2 in AD, which associates with reduced amyloidopathy in A+T- patients. Moreover, microglial activation seems to increase CSF tau levels in carriers of APOEɛ4, is associated with astrocytic reactivity (GFAP) in A+T+, and likely leads the acquisition of a more neurotoxic astrocytic phenotype (β-S100).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Martina Assogna
- UOSD Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy.,Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy
| | - Martina Gaia Di Donna
- UOSD Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Bernocchi
- UOSD Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Vincenzo De Lucia
- UOSD Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Nuccetelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Denise Fiorelli
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Loizzo
- Department of Cardiovascular, Endocrine-Metabolic and Ageing-Associated Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Biagio Mercuri
- Neurology Unit, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Non Invasive Brain Stimulation Unit, IRCCS Santa Lucia, Rome, Italy.,Human Physiology Unit, Department of Neuroscience and Rehabilitation, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Alessandro Martorana
- UOSD Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Caterina Motta
- UOSD Centro Demenze, Policlinico Tor Vergata, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Zinc Finger Protein 90 Knockdown Promotes Cisplatin Sensitivity via Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway in Ovarian Cancer Cell. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15051586. [PMID: 36900383 PMCID: PMC10000492 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15051586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Our study discussed the role of Zfp90 in ovarian cancer (OC) cell lines' sensitivity to cisplatin. We used two OC cell lines, SK-OV-3 and ES-2, to evaluate their role in cisplatin sensitization. The protein levels of p-Akt, ERK, caspase 3, Bcl-2, Bax, E-cadherin, MMP-2, MMP-9 and other drug resistance-related molecules, including Nrf2/HO-1, were discovered in the SK-OV-3 and ES-2 cells. We also used a human ovarian surface epithelial cell to compare the effect of Zfp90. Our outcomes indicated that cisplatin treatment generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) that modulate apoptotic protein expression. The anti-oxidative signal was also stimulated, which could hinder cell migration. The intervention of Zfp90 could greatly improve the apoptosis pathway and block the migrative pathway to regulate the cisplatin sensitivity in the OC cells. This study implies that the loss of function of Zfp90 might promote cisplatin sensitization in OC cells via regulating the Nrf2/HO-1 pathway to enhance cell apoptosis and inhibit the migrative effect in both SK-OV-3 and ES-2 cells.
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Foddis M, Blumenau S, Holtgrewe M, Paquette K, Westra K, Alonso I, Macario MDC, Morgadinho AS, Velon AG, Santo G, Santana I, Mönkäre S, Kuuluvainen L, Schleutker J, Pöyhönen M, Myllykangas L, Pavlovic A, Kostic V, Dobricic V, Lohmann E, Hanagasi H, Santos M, Guven G, Bilgic B, Bras J, Beule D, Dirnagl U, Guerreiro R, Sassi C. TREX1 p.A129fs and p.Y305C variants in a large multi-ethnic cohort of CADASIL-like unrelated patients. Neurobiol Aging 2023; 123:208-215. [PMID: 36586737 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2022.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy (CADASIL) and retinal vasculopathy with cerebral leukodystrophy and systemic manifestations (RVCL-S) are the most common forms of rare monogenic early-onset cerebral small vessel disease and share clinical, and, to different extents, neuroradiological and neuropathological features. However, whether CADASIL and RVCL-S overlapping phenotype may be explained by shared genetic risk or causative factors such as TREX1 coding variants remains poorly understood. To investigate this intriguing hypothesis, we used exome sequencing to screen TREX1 protein-coding variability in a large multi-ethnic cohort of 180 early-onset independent familial and apparently sporadic CADASIL-like Caucasian patients from the USA, Portugal, Finland, Serbia and Turkey. We report 2 very rare and likely pathogenic TREX1 mutations: a loss of function mutation (p.Ala129fs) clustering in the catalytic domain, in an apparently sporadic 46-year-old patient from the USA and a missense mutation (p.Tyr305Cys) in the well conserved C-terminal region, in a 57-year-old patient with positive family history from Serbia. In concert with recent findings, our study expands the clinical spectrum of diseases associated with TREX1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Foddis
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sonja Blumenau
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Manuel Holtgrewe
- Berlin Institute of Health, BIH, Core Unit Bioinformatics and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Germany
| | - Kimberly Paquette
- Department for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Kaitlyn Westra
- Department for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan
| | - Isabel Alonso
- CGPP and UnIGENe, Instituto Biologia Molecular Celular, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Porto, Portugal
| | - Maria do Carmo Macario
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Sofia Morgadinho
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Ana Graça Velon
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Portugal
| | - Gustavo Santo
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Isabel Santana
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; Centro de Neurociências e Biologia Celular da Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Saana Mönkäre
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Laboratory Division, Genomics, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland
| | - Liina Kuuluvainen
- Department of Clinical Genetics, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Johanna Schleutker
- Turku University Hospital, Laboratory Division, Genomics, Department of Medical Genetics, Turku, Finland
| | - Minna Pöyhönen
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Clinical Genetics, HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Liisa Myllykangas
- Department of Pathology, University of Helsinki and HUS Diagnostic Center, Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Aleksandra Pavlovic
- Clinic of Neurology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Faculty for Special Education and Rehabilitation, University of Belgrade, Belgrade
| | - Vladimir Kostic
- Clinic of Neurology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | | | - Ebba Lohmann
- Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey; Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases, Hertie Institute for Clinical Brain Research, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; DZNE, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Hasmet Hanagasi
- Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mariana Santos
- UnIGENe, IBMC-Institute for Molecular and Cell Biology, i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Gamze Guven
- Department of Genetics, Aziz Sancar Institute of Experimental Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Basar Bilgic
- Behavioural Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Jose Bras
- Department for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Dieter Beule
- Berlin Institute of Health, BIH, Core Unit Bioinformatics and Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin Germany
| | - Ulrich Dirnagl
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Rita Guerreiro
- Department for Neurodegenerative Science, Van Andel Research Institute, Grand Rapids, Michigan; Division of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Michigan State University College of Human Medicine, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Celeste Sassi
- Department of Experimental Neurology, Center for Stroke Research Berlin (CSB), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany.
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Zhang L, He CH, Coffey S, Yin D, Hsu IU, Su C, Ye Y, Zhang C, Spurrier J, Nicholson L, Rothlin CV, Ghosh S, Gopal PP, Hafler DA, Zhao H, Strittmatter SM. Single-cell transcriptomic atlas of Alzheimer's disease middle temporal gyrus reveals region, cell type and sex specificity of gene expression with novel genetic risk for MERTK in female. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.02.18.23286037. [PMID: 36865305 PMCID: PMC9980267 DOI: 10.1101/2023.02.18.23286037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, the most common age-related neurodegenerative disease, is closely associated with both amyloid-ß plaque and neuroinflammation. Two thirds of Alzheimer's disease patients are females and they have a higher disease risk. Moreover, women with Alzheimer's disease have more extensive brain histological changes than men along with more severe cognitive symptoms and neurodegeneration. To identify how sex difference induces structural brain changes, we performed unbiased massively parallel single nucleus RNA sequencing on Alzheimer's disease and control brains focusing on the middle temporal gyrus, a brain region strongly affected by the disease but not previously studied with these methods. We identified a subpopulation of selectively vulnerable layer 2/3 excitatory neurons that that were RORB-negative and CDH9-expressing. This vulnerability differs from that reported for other brain regions, but there was no detectable difference between male and female patterns in middle temporal gyrus samples. Disease-associated, but sex-independent, reactive astrocyte signatures were also present. In clear contrast, the microglia signatures of diseased brains differed between males and females. Combining single cell transcriptomic data with results from genome-wide association studies (GWAS), we identified MERTK genetic variation as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease selectively in females. Taken together, our single cell dataset revealed a unique cellular-level view of sex-specific transcriptional changes in Alzheimer's disease, illuminating GWAS identification of sex-specific Alzheimer's risk genes. These data serve as a rich resource for interrogation of the molecular and cellular basis of Alzheimer's disease.
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Neutzner M, Kohler C, Frank S, Killer HE, Neutzner A. Impact of aging on meningeal gene expression. Fluids Barriers CNS 2023; 20:12. [PMID: 36747230 PMCID: PMC9903605 DOI: 10.1186/s12987-023-00412-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The three-layered meninges cover and protect the central nervous system and form the interface between cerebrospinal fluid and the brain. They are host to a lymphatic system essential for maintaining fluid dynamics inside the cerebrospinal fluid-filled subarachnoid space and across the brain parenchyma via their connection to glymphatic structures. Meningeal fibroblasts lining and traversing the subarachnoid space have direct impact on the composition of the cerebrospinal fluid through endocytotic uptake as well as extensive protein secretion. In addition, the meninges are an active site for immunological processes and act as gatekeeper for immune cells entering the brain. During aging in mice, lymphatic drainage from the brain is less efficient contributing to neurodegenerative processes. Aging also affects the immunological status of the meninges, with increasing numbers of T cells, changing B cell make-up, and altered macrophage complement. METHODS We employed RNASeq to measure gene expression and to identify differentially expressed genes in meninges isolated from young and aged mice. Using Ingenuity pathway, GO term, and MeSH analyses, we identified regulatory pathways and cellular functions in meninges affected by aging. RESULTS Aging had profound impact on meningeal gene expression. Pathways related to innate as well as adaptive immunity were affected. We found evidence for increasing numbers of T and B lymphocytes and altered activity profiles for macrophages and other myeloid cells. Furthermore, expression of pro-inflammatory cytokine and chemokine genes increased with aging. Similarly, the complement system seemed to be more active in meninges of aged mice. Altered expression of solute carrier genes pointed to age-dependent changes in cerebrospinal fluid composition. In addition, gene expression for secreted proteins showed age-dependent changes, in particular, genes related to extracellular matrix composition and organization were affected. CONCLUSIONS Aging has profound effects on meningeal gene expression; thereby affecting the multifaceted functions meninges perform to maintain the homeostasis of the central nervous system. Thus, age-dependent neurodegenerative processes and cognitive decline are potentially in part driven by altered meningeal function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Neutzner
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Corina Kohler
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Frank
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department of Pathology, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hanspeter E. Killer
- grid.6612.30000 0004 1937 0642Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Albert Neutzner
- Department of Biomedicine, University Hospital Basel, University of Basel, Hebelstrasse 20, 4031, Basel, Switzerland.
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Schott JM. Not just neurological stamp collecting: when rare diagnoses lead to fundamental advances. Pract Neurol 2023; 23:98-99. [PMID: 36192134 DOI: 10.1136/pn-2022-003573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan M Schott
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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49
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Moore JM, Bell EL, Hughes RO, Garfield AS. ABC transporters: human disease and pharmacotherapeutic potential. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:152-172. [PMID: 36503994 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2022.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a 48-member superfamily of membrane proteins that actively transport a variety of biological substrates across lipid membranes. Their functional diversity defines an expansive involvement in myriad aspects of human biology. At least 21 ABC transporters underlie rare monogenic disorders, with even more implicated in the predisposition to and symptomology of common and complex diseases. Such broad (patho)physiological relevance places this class of proteins at the intersection of disease causation and therapeutic potential, underlining them as promising targets for drug discovery, as exemplified by the transformative CFTR (ABCC7) modulator therapies for cystic fibrosis. This review will explore the growing relevance of ABC transporters to human disease and their potential as small-molecule drug targets.
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50
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Golzari-Sorkheh M, Weaver DF, Reed MA. COVID-19 as a Risk Factor for Alzheimer's Disease. J Alzheimers Dis 2023; 91:1-23. [PMID: 36314211 DOI: 10.3233/jad-220800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory disease coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is responsible for the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Although a primarily respiratory disease, recent reports indicate that it also affects the central nervous system (CNS). Over 25% of COVID-19 patients report neurological symptoms such as memory loss, anosmia, hyposmia, confusion, and headaches. The neurological outcomes may be a result of viral entry into the CNS and/or resulting neuroinflammation, both of which underlie an elevated risk for Alzheimer's disease (AD). Herein, we ask: Is COVID-19 a risk factor for AD? To answer, we identify the literature and review mechanisms by which COVID-19-mediated neuroinflammation can contribute to the development of AD, evaluate the effects of acute versus chronic phases of infection, and lastly, discuss potential therapeutics to address the rising rates of COVID-19 neurological sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Donald F Weaver
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Mark A Reed
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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