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Chen P, Cao XW, Dong JW, Zhao J, Wang FJ. Saponin and Ribosome-Inactivating Protein Synergistically Trigger Lysosome-Dependent Apoptosis by Inhibiting Lysophagy: Potential to Become a New Antitumor Strategy. Mol Pharm 2024; 21:2993-3005. [PMID: 38722865 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
The susceptibility of lysosomal membranes in tumor cells to cationic amphiphilic drugs (CADs) enables CADs to induce lysosomal membrane permeabilization (LMP) and trigger lysosome-dependent cell death (LDCD), suggesting a potential antitumor therapeutic approach. However, the existence of intrinsic lysosomal damage response mechanisms limits the display of the pharmacological activity of CADs. In this study, we report that low concentrations of QS-21, a saponin with cationic amphiphilicity extracted from Quillaja Saponaria tree, can induce LMP but has nontoxicity to tumor cells. QS-21 and MAP30, a type I ribosome-inactivating protein, synergistically induce apoptosis in tumor cells at low concentrations of both. Mechanistically, QS-21-induced LMP helps MAP30 escape from endosomes or lysosomes and subsequently enter the endoplasmic reticulum, where MAP30 downregulates the expression of autophagy-associated LC3 proteins, thereby inhibiting lysophagy. The inhibition of lysophagy results in the impaired clearance of damaged lysosomes, leading to the leakage of massive lysosomal contents such as cathepsins into the cytoplasm, ultimately triggering LDCD. In summary, our study showed that coadministration of QS-21 and MAP30 amplified the lysosomal disruption and can be a new synergistic LDCD-based antitumor therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piao Chen
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Xue-Wei Cao
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- ECUST-FONOW Joint Research Center for Innovative Medicines, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- New Drug R&D Center, Zhejiang Fonow Medicine Co., Ltd., 209 West Hulian Road, Dongyang, Zhejiang 322100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing-Wen Dong
- ECUST-FONOW Joint Research Center for Innovative Medicines, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- New Drug R&D Center, Zhejiang Fonow Medicine Co., Ltd., 209 West Hulian Road, Dongyang, Zhejiang 322100, People's Republic of China
| | - Jian Zhao
- Department of Applied Biology, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- ECUST-FONOW Joint Research Center for Innovative Medicines, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
| | - Fu-Jun Wang
- ECUST-FONOW Joint Research Center for Innovative Medicines, East China University of Science and Technology, 130 Meilong Road, Shanghai 200237, People's Republic of China
- New Drug R&D Center, Zhejiang Fonow Medicine Co., Ltd., 209 West Hulian Road, Dongyang, Zhejiang 322100, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 1200 Cailun Road, Shanghai 201203, People's Republic of China
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2
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Lefevre C, Thibaut MM, Loumaye A, Thissen JP, Neyrinck AM, Navez B, Delzenne NM, Feron O, Bindels LB. Tumoral acidosis promotes adipose tissue depletion by fostering adipocyte lipolysis. Mol Metab 2024; 83:101930. [PMID: 38570069 PMCID: PMC11027574 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Tumour progression drives profound alterations in host metabolism, such as adipose tissue depletion, an early event of cancer cachexia. As fatty acid consumption by cancer cells increases upon acidosis of the tumour microenvironment, we reasoned that fatty acids derived from distant adipose lipolysis may sustain tumour fatty acid craving, leading to the adipose tissue loss observed in cancer cachexia. METHODS To evaluate the pro-lipolytic capacities of acid-exposed cancer cells, primary mouse adipocytes from subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue were exposed to pH-matched conditioned medium from human and murine acid-exposed cancer cells (pH 6.5), compared to naive cancer cells (pH 7.4). To further address the role of tumoral acidosis on adipose tissue loss, a pH-low insertion peptide was injected into tumour-bearing mice, and tumoral acidosis was neutralised with a sodium bicarbonate buffer. Prolipolytic mediators were identified by transcriptomic approaches and validated on murine and human adipocytes. RESULTS Here, we reveal that acid-exposed cancer cells promote lipolysis from subcutaneous and visceral adipocytes and that dampening acidosis in vivo inhibits adipose tissue depletion. We further found a set of well-known prolipolytic factors enhanced upon acidosis adaptation and unravelled a role for β-glucuronidase (GUSB) as a promising new actor in adipocyte lipolysis. CONCLUSIONS Tumoral acidosis promotes the mobilization of fatty acids derived from adipocytes via the release of soluble factors by cancer cells. Our work paves the way for therapeutic approaches aimed at tackling cachexia by targeting the tumour acidic compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Lefevre
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Morgane M Thibaut
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey Loumaye
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, IREC, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Thissen
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium; Department of Endocrinology, Diabetology and Nutrition, IREC, UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Audrey M Neyrinck
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Navez
- Department of Abdominal Surgery and Transplantation, Cliniques universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nathalie M Delzenne
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium; Welbio Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium
| | - Laure B Bindels
- Metabolism and Nutrition Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, UCLouvain, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium; Welbio Department, WEL Research Institute, Wavre, Belgium.
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3
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Eriksson I, Öllinger K. Lysosomes in Cancer-At the Crossroad of Good and Evil. Cells 2024; 13:459. [PMID: 38474423 DOI: 10.3390/cells13050459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/01/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Although it has been known for decades that lysosomes are central for degradation and recycling in the cell, their pivotal role as nutrient sensing signaling hubs has recently become of central interest. Since lysosomes are highly dynamic and in constant change regarding content and intracellular position, fusion/fission events allow communication between organelles in the cell, as well as cell-to-cell communication via exocytosis of lysosomal content and release of extracellular vesicles. Lysosomes also mediate different forms of regulated cell death by permeabilization of the lysosomal membrane and release of their content to the cytosol. In cancer cells, lysosomal biogenesis and autophagy are increased to support the increased metabolism and allow growth even under nutrient- and oxygen-poor conditions. Tumor cells also induce exocytosis of lysosomal content to the extracellular space to promote invasion and metastasis. However, due to the enhanced lysosomal function, cancer cells are often more susceptible to lysosomal membrane permeabilization, providing an alternative strategy to induce cell death. This review summarizes the current knowledge of cancer-associated alterations in lysosomal structure and function and illustrates how lysosomal exocytosis and release of extracellular vesicles affect disease progression. We focus on functional differences depending on lysosomal localization and the regulation of intracellular transport, and lastly provide insight how new therapeutic strategies can exploit the power of the lysosome and improve cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Eriksson
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Karin Öllinger
- Division of Cell Biology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
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4
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Kubala JM, Laursen KB, Schreiner R, Williams RM, van der Mijn JC, Crowley MJ, Mongan NP, Nanus DM, Heller DA, Gudas LJ. NDUFA4L2 reduces mitochondrial respiration resulting in defective lysosomal trafficking in clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Cancer Biol Ther 2023; 24:2170669. [PMID: 36722045 PMCID: PMC9897797 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2023.2170669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), activation of hypoxic signaling induces NADH dehydrogenase (ubiquinone) 1 alpha subcomplex, 4-like 2 (NDUFA4L2) expression. Over 90% of ccRCCs exhibit overexpression of NDUFA4L2, which we previously showed contributes to ccRCC proliferation and survival. The function of NDUFA4L2 in ccRCC has not been fully elucidated. NDUFA4L2 was reported to reduce mitochondrial respiration via mitochondrial complex I inhibition. We found that NDUFA4L2 expression in human ccRCC cells increases the extracellular acidification rate, indicative of elevated glycolysis. Conversely, NDUFA4L2 expression in non-cancerous kidney epithelial cells decreases oxygen consumption rate while increasing extracellular acidification rate, suggesting that a Warburg-like effect is induced by NDUFA4L2 alone. We performed mass-spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics of NDUFA4L2 associated complexes. Comparing RCC4-P (parental) ccRCC cells with RCC4 in which NDUFA4L2 is knocked out by CRISPR-Cas9 (RCC4-KO-643), we identified 3,215 proteins enriched in the NDUFA4L2 immunoprecipitates. Among the top-ranking pathways were "Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer" and "Glycolysis Activation in Cancer (Warburg Effect)." We also show that NDUFA4L2 enhances mitochondrial fragmentation, interacts with lysosomes, and increases mitochondrial-lysosomal associations, as assessed by high-resolution fluorescence microscopy and live cell imaging. We identified 161 lysosomal proteins, including Niemann-Pick Disease Type C Intracellular Cholesterol Transporters 1 and 2 (NPC1, NPC2), that are associated with NDUFA4L2 in RCC4-P cells. RCC4-P cells have larger and decreased numbers of lysosomes relative to RCC4 NDUFA4L2 knockout cells. These findings suggest that NDUFA4L2 regulates mitochondrial-lysosomal associations and potentially lysosomal size and abundance. Consequently, NDUFA4L2 may regulate not only mitochondrial, but also lysosomal functions in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaclyn M. Kubala
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Ryan Schreiner
- Division of Regenerative Medicine Research, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ryan M. Williams
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, the City College of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Michael J. Crowley
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nigel P. Mongan
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Center for Cancer Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Loughborough, UK
| | - David M. Nanus
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology; New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniel A. Heller
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Physiology, Biophysics, and Systems Biology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lorraine J. Gudas
- Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Meyer Cancer Center, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Urology; New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
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5
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Abstract
Cancers undergo sequential changes to proton (H+) concentration and sensing that are consequences of the disease and facilitate its further progression. The impact of protonation state on protein activity can arise from alterations to amino acids or their titration. Indeed, many cancer-initiating mutations influence pH balance, regulation or sensing in a manner that enables growth and invasion outside normal constraints as part of oncogenic transformation. These cancer-supporting effects become more prominent when tumours develop an acidic microenvironment owing to metabolic reprogramming and disordered perfusion. The ensuing intracellular and extracellular pH disturbances affect multiple aspects of tumour biology, ranging from proliferation to immune surveillance, and can even facilitate further mutagenesis. As a selection pressure, extracellular acidosis accelerates disease progression by favouring acid-resistant cancer cells, which are typically associated with aggressive phenotypes. Although acid-base disturbances in tumours often occur alongside hypoxia and lactate accumulation, there is now ample evidence for a distinct role of H+-operated responses in key events underpinning cancer. The breadth of these actions presents therapeutic opportunities to change the trajectory of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - Ebbe Boedtkjer
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Stine Falsig Pedersen
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Faculty of Science, København, Denmark.
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6
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Cai R, Tressler CM, Cheng M, Sonkar K, Tan Z, Paidi SK, Ayyappan V, Barman I, Glunde K. Primary breast tumor induced extracellular matrix remodeling in premetastatic lungs. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18566. [PMID: 37903851 PMCID: PMC10616170 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45832-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The premetastatic niche hypothesis proposes an active priming of the metastatic site by factors secreted from the primary tumor prior to the arrival of the first cancer cells. We investigated several extracellular matrix (ECM) structural proteins, ECM degrading enzymes, and ECM processing proteins involved in the ECM remodeling of the premetastatic niche. Our in vitro model consisted of lung fibroblasts, which were exposed to factors secreted by nonmalignant breast epithelial cells, nonmetastatic breast cancer cells, or metastatic breast cancer cells. We assessed ECM remodeling in vivo in premetastatic lungs of female mice growing orthotopic primary breast tumor xenografts, as compared to lungs of control mice without tumors. Premetastatic lungs contained significantly upregulated Collagen (Col) Col4A5, matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) MMP9 and MMP14, and decreased levels of MMP13 and lysyl oxidase (LOX) as compared to control lungs. These in vivo findings were consistent with several of our in vitro cell culture findings, which showed elevated Col14A1, Col4A5, glypican-1 (GPC1) and decreased Col5A1 and Col15A1 for ECM structural proteins, increased MMP2, MMP3, and MMP14 for ECM degrading enzymes, and decreased LOX, LOXL2, and prolyl 4-hydroxylase alpha-1 (P4HA1) for ECM processing proteins in lung fibroblasts conditioned with metastatic breast cancer cell media as compared to control. Taken together, our data show that premetastatic priming of lungs by primary breast tumors resulted in significant ECM remodeling which could facilitate metastasis by increasing interstitial fibrillar collagens and ECM stiffness (Col14A1), disruptions of basement membranes (Col4A5), and formation of leaky blood vessels (MMP2, MMP3, MMP9, and MMP14) to promote metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoqing Cai
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Traylor Building, Room 203, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Caitlin M Tressler
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Traylor Building, Room 203, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Menglin Cheng
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Traylor Building, Room 203, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Kanchan Sonkar
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Traylor Building, Room 203, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Zheqiong Tan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Traylor Building, Room 203, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- Department of Medical Laboratory, The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Santosh Kumar Paidi
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Vinay Ayyappan
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Traylor Building, Room 203, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ishan Barman
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Traylor Building, Room 203, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristine Glunde
- The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 720 Rutland Avenue, Traylor Building, Room 203, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
- The Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.
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7
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Mutvei AP, Nagiec MJ, Blenis J. Balancing lysosome abundance in health and disease. Nat Cell Biol 2023; 25:1254-1264. [PMID: 37580388 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-023-01197-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are catabolic organelles that govern numerous cellular processes, including macromolecule degradation, nutrient signalling and ion homeostasis. Aberrant changes in lysosome abundance are implicated in human diseases. Here we outline the mechanisms of lysosome biogenesis and turnover, and discuss how changes in the lysosome pool impact physiological and pathophysiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders P Mutvei
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Division of Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.
- Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Michal J Nagiec
- Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA
| | - John Blenis
- Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Pharmacology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY, USA.
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8
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Berg AL, Showalter MR, Kosaisawe N, Hu M, Stephens NC, Sa M, Heil H, Castro N, Chen JJ, VanderVorst K, Wheeler MR, Rabow Z, Cajka T, Albeck J, Fiehn O, Carraway KL. Cellular transformation promotes the incorporation of docosahexaenoic acid into the endolysosome-specific lipid bis(monoacylglycerol)phosphate in breast cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 557:216090. [PMID: 36773796 PMCID: PMC10589064 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2023.216090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
Bis(monoacylglycero)phosphates (BMPs), a class of lipids highly enriched within endolysosomal organelles, are key components of the lysosomal intraluminal vesicles responsible for activating sphingolipid catabolic enzymes. While BMPs are understudied relative to other phospholipids, recent reports associate BMP dysregulation with a variety of pathological states including neurodegenerative diseases and lysosomal storage disorders. Since the dramatic lysosomal remodeling characteristic of cellular transformation could impact BMP abundance and function, we employed untargeted lipidomics approaches to identify and quantify BMP species in several in vitro and in vivo models of breast cancer and comparative non-transformed cells and tissues. We observed lower BMP levels within transformed cells relative to normal cells, and consistent enrichment of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) fatty acyl chain-containing BMP species in both human- and mouse-derived mammary tumorigenesis models. Our functional analysis points to a working model whereby 22:6 BMPs serve as reactive oxygen species scavengers in tumor cells, protecting lysosomes from oxidant-induced lysosomal membrane permeabilization. Our findings suggest that breast tumor cells might divert polyunsaturated fatty acids into BMP lipids as part of an adaptive response to protect their lysosomes from elevated reactive oxygen species levels, and raise the possibility that BMP-mediated lysosomal protection is a tumor-specific vulnerability that may be exploited therapeutically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia L Berg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Megan R Showalter
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Nont Kosaisawe
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michelle Hu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Nathanial C Stephens
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Michael Sa
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Hailey Heil
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Noemi Castro
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jenny J Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Kacey VanderVorst
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Madelyn R Wheeler
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Zachary Rabow
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Tomas Cajka
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA; Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, 14200, Czech Republic
| | - John Albeck
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Oliver Fiehn
- West Coast Metabolomics Center, UC Davis Genome Center, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Kermit L Carraway
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and UC Davis Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Sacramento, CA, USA.
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9
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Rotermund A, Brandt S, Staege MS, Luetzkendorf J, Mueller LP, Mueller T. Differential CMS-Related Expression of Cell Surface Carbonic Anhydrases IX and XII in Colorectal Cancer Models-Implications for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065797. [PMID: 36982873 PMCID: PMC10056265 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor-associated carbonic anhydrases IX (CAIX) and XII (CAXII) have long been in the spotlight as potential new targets for anti-cancer therapy. Recently, CAIX/CAXII specific inhibitor SLC-0111 has passed clinical phase I study and showed differential response among patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). CRC can be classified into four different consensus molecular subgroups (CMS) showing unique expression patterns and molecular traits. We questioned whether there is a CMS-related CAIX/CAXII expression pattern in CRC predicting response. As such, we analyzed transcriptomic data of tumor samples for CA9/CA12 expression using Cancertool. Protein expression pattern was examined in preclinical models comprising cell lines, spheroids and xenograft tumors representing the CMS groups. Impact of CAIX/CAXII knockdown and SLC-0111 treatment was investigated in 2D and 3D cell culture. The transcriptomic data revealed a characteristic CMS-related CA9/CA12 expression pattern with pronounced co-expression of both CAs as a typical feature of CMS3 tumors. Protein expression in spheroid- and xenograft tumor tissue clearly differed, ranging from close to none (CMS1) to strong CAIX/CAXII co-expression in CMS3 models (HT29, LS174T). Accordingly, response to SLC-0111 analyzed in the spheroid model ranged from no (CMS1) to clear (CMS3), with moderate in CMS2 and mixed in CMS4. Furthermore, SLC-0111 positively affected impact of single and combined chemotherapeutic treatment of CMS3 spheroids. In addition, combined CAIX/CAXII knockdown and more effective treatment with SLC-0111 reduced clonogenic survival of CMS3 modelling single cells. In conclusion, the preclinical data support the clinical approach of targeted CAIX/CAXII inhibition by showing linkage of expression with response and suggest that patients with CMS3-classified tumors would most benefit from such treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arne Rotermund
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Hematology/Oncology), Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Sarah Brandt
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Hematology/Oncology), Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Martin S Staege
- Department of Surgical and Conservative Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Jana Luetzkendorf
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Hematology/Oncology), Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Lutz P Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Hematology/Oncology), Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Department of Internal Medicine IV (Hematology/Oncology), Medical Faculty, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, 06120 Halle, Germany
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10
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Wang X, Wu R, Zhai P, Liu Z, Xia R, Zhang Z, Qin X, Li C, Chen W, Li J, Zhang J. Hypoxia promotes EV secretion by impairing lysosomal homeostasis in HNSCC through negative regulation of ATP6V1A by HIF-1α. J Extracell Vesicles 2023; 12:e12310. [PMID: 36748335 PMCID: PMC9903130 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour cells under hypoxia tend to modulate the number and contents of extracellular vesicles (EVs) to regulate the tumour microenvironment (TME) and thus promote tumour progression. However, the mechanism of how hypoxia influences the secretion of EVs remains to be elucidated. Here, we confirm the increased production of EVs in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) cells under hypoxia, where endosome-derived EVs are the main subtype affected by insufficient O2 . The accumulation of hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) under hypoxia directly downregulates the expression of ATP6V1A, which is pivotal to maintain the homeostasis of lysosomes. Subsequently, impaired lysosomal degradation contributes to the reduced fusion of multivesicular bodies (MVBs) with lysosomes and enables the secretion of intraluminal vesicles (ILVs) as EVs. These findings establish a HIF-1α-regulated lysosomal dysfunction-EV release axis and provide an exquisite framework to better understand EV biogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoning Wang
- Department of Oral PathologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPRChina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck OncologyNinth People's Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPRChina
| | - Ruoyi Wu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck OncologyNinth People's Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPRChina
| | - Peisong Zhai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck OncologyNinth People's Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPRChina
| | - Zheqi Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck OncologyNinth People's Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPRChina
| | - Ronghui Xia
- Department of Oral PathologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPRChina
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck OncologyNinth People's Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPRChina
| | - Xing Qin
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck OncologyNinth People's Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPRChina
| | - Chuwen Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck OncologyNinth People's Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPRChina
| | - Wantao Chen
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck OncologyNinth People's Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPRChina
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology & Shanghai Research Institute of StomatologyNational Clinical Research Center of StomatologyShanghaiPRChina
| | - Jiang Li
- Department of Oral PathologyShanghai Ninth People's HospitalShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiPRChina
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial‐Head and Neck OncologyNinth People's Hospital, School of MedicineShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiPRChina
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11
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Chen Y, Wang S, Ma Q, Wu X, Guo Q, Luo X, Tao L, Shen X. Utilizing endosomal capture for tumor therapy via membrane-lytic mechanism-based Pickering emulsion. J Control Release 2023; 354:523-537. [PMID: 36657600 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanocarriers are easily captured by endosomes, where the abundant hydrolases inevitably destroy the nanocarriers and the drugs they carry, ultimately resulting in a compromised or lost therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we report a membrane-lytic mechanism-based Pickering emulsion that can in turn utilize this seemingly unfavorable endosomal capture behavior for tumor therapy. This Pickering emulsion is constructed as an oil-in-water (O/W) emulsion stabilized by the hybrid nanoparticles (HNPs) composed of two molecules with opposite charges, cetyl trimethylamine bromide (CTAB) and linoleic acid (LA), through electrostatic interaction (defined as HNPs@PE). After HNPs@PE enters the lysosomes through macropinocytosis-mediated endocytosis, LA can be protonated in response to the acidic stimulus, and causing the swelling or disintegration of HNPs due to the disrupted electrostatic interaction. The released CTAB holds strong membrane-lytic activity and can directly damage the lysosomal membranes. Under the acidic condition and the participation of excessive iron ions (II) in lysosomes, LA induces lipid peroxidation and the resulting lipid peroxides (LPO) will oxidize the lysosomal membranes, collectively causing the leakage of lysosome membranes and the release of contents into cytoplasm. Subsequently, the diffused CTAB and LPO will continue to attack the mitochondrial membranes and cell membranes, resulting in the death of different types of tumor cells both in vitro and in vivo due to membrane damage. This Pickering emulsion with membrane-lytic ability represents a potential self-anticancer nanocarrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Sibu Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qin Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xingjie Wu
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Qianqian Guo
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xinghong Luo
- Jiangsu Simcere Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd., State Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine and Innovative Drug, 699-18 Xuanwu Avenue, Nanjing 210042,China
| | - Ling Tao
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xiangchun Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China; The Department of Pharmacology of Materia Medical (the High Efficacy Application of Natural Medicinal Resources Engineering Center of Guizhou Province, the Key Laboratory of Optimal Utilization of Natural Medicine Resources), Guizhou Medical University, University Town, Guian New District, Guiyang 550025, China.
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12
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Lysosomes as a Target of Anticancer Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24032176. [PMID: 36768500 PMCID: PMC9916765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are organelles containing acidic hydrolases that are responsible for lysosomal degradation and the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. They play an important role in autophagy, as well as in various cell death pathways, such as lysosomal and apoptotic death. Various agents, including drugs, can induce lysosomal membrane permeability, resulting in the translocation of acidic hydrolases into the cytoplasm, which promotes lysosomal-mediated death. This type of death may be of great importance in anti-cancer therapy, as both cancer cells with disturbed pathways leading to apoptosis and drug-resistant cells can undergo it. Important compounds that damage the lysosomal membrane include lysosomotropic compounds, antihistamines, immunosuppressants, DNA-damaging drugs, chemotherapeutics, photosensitizers and various plant compounds. An interesting approach in the treatment of cancer and the search for ways to overcome the chemoresistance of cancer cells may also be combining lysosomotropic compounds with targeted modulators of autophagy to induce cell death. These compounds may be an alternative in oncological treatment, and lysosomes may become a promising therapeutic target for many diseases, including cancer. Understanding the functional relationships between autophagy and apoptosis and the possibilities of their regulation, both in relation to normal and cancer cells, can be used to develop new and more effective anticancer therapies.
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13
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Alvear-Arias JJ, Pena-Pichicoi A, Carrillo C, Fernandez M, Gonzalez T, Garate JA, Gonzalez C. Role of voltage-gated proton channel (Hv1) in cancer biology. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1175702. [PMID: 37153807 PMCID: PMC10157179 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1175702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The acid-base characteristics of tumor cells and the other elements that compose the tumor microenvironment have been topics of scientific interest in oncological research. There is much evidence confirming that pH conditions are maintained by changes in the patterns of expression of certain proton transporters. In the past decade, the voltage-gated proton channel (Hv1) has been added to this list and is increasingly being recognized as a target with onco-therapeutic potential. The Hv1 channel is key to proton extrusion for maintaining a balanced cytosolic pH. This protein-channel is expressed in a myriad of tissues and cell lineages whose functions vary from producing bioluminescence in dinoflagellates to alkalizing spermatozoa cytoplasm for reproduction, and regulating the respiratory burst for immune system response. It is no wonder that in acidic environments such as the tumor microenvironment, an exacerbated expression and function of this channel has been reported. Indeed, multiple studies have revealed a strong relationship between pH balance, cancer development, and the overexpression of the Hv1 channel, being proposed as a marker for malignancy in cancer. In this review, we present data that supports the idea that the Hv1 channel plays a significant role in cancer by maintaining pH conditions that favor the development of malignancy features in solid tumor models. With the antecedents presented in this bibliographic report, we want to strengthen the idea that the Hv1 proton channel is an excellent therapeutic strategy to counter the development of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan J. Alvear-Arias
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Antonio Pena-Pichicoi
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Christian Carrillo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Miguel Fernandez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Tania Gonzalez
- National Center for Minimally Invasive Surgery, La Habana, Cuba
| | - Jose A. Garate
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Facultad de Ingeniería y Tecnología, Universidad San Sebastián, Santiago, Chile
- Centro Científico y Tecnológico de Excelencia Ciencia y Vida, Santiago, Chile
| | - Carlos Gonzalez
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Neurociencia de Valparaíso, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Millennium Nucleus in NanoBioPhysics, Universidad de Valparaíso, Valparaíso, Chile
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Carlos Gonzalez,
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14
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Targeting Lysosomes in Colorectal Cancer: Exploring the Anticancer Activity of a New Benzo[ a]phenoxazine Derivative. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010614. [PMID: 36614056 PMCID: PMC9820173 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Colorectal cancer (CRC) has been ranked as one of the cancer types with a higher incidence and one of the most mortal. There are limited therapies available for CRC, which urges the finding of intracellular targets and the discovery of new drugs for innovative therapeutic approaches. In addition to the limited number of effective anticancer agents approved for use in humans, CRC resistance and secondary effects stemming from classical chemotherapy remain a major clinical problem, reinforcing the need for the development of novel drugs. In the recent years, the phenoxazines derivatives, Nile Blue analogues, have been shown to possess anticancer activity, which has created interest in exploring the potential of these compounds as anticancer drugs. In this context, we have synthetized and evaluated the anticancer activity of different benzo[a]phenoxazine derivatives for CRC therapy. Our results revealed that one particular compound, BaP1, displayed promising anticancer activity against CRC cells. We found that BaP1 is selective for CRC cells and reduces cell proliferation, cell survival, and cell migration. We observed that the compound is associated with reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, accumulates in the lysosomes, and leads to lysosomal membrane permeabilization, cytosolic acidification, and apoptotic cell death. In vivo results using a chicken embryo choriollantoic membrane (CAM) assay showed that BaP1 inhibits tumor growth, angiogenesis, and tumor proliferation. These observations highlight that BaP1 as a very interesting agent to disturb and counteract the important roles of lysosomes in cancer and suggests BaP1 as a promising candidate to be exploited as new anticancer lysosomal-targeted agent, which uses lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP) as a therapeutic approach in CRC.
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15
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Hamdy NM, Eskander G, Basalious EB. Insights on the Dynamic Innovative Tumor Targeted-Nanoparticles-Based Drug Delivery Systems Activation Techniques. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:6131-6155. [PMID: 36514378 PMCID: PMC9741821 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s386037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Anti-cancer conventional chemotherapeutic drugs novel formula progress, nowadays, uses nano technology for targeted drug delivery, specifically tailored to overcome therapeutic agents' delivery challenges. Polymer drug delivery systems (DDS) play a crucial role in minimizing off-target side effects arising when using standard cytotoxic drugs. Using nano-formula for targeted localized action, permits using larger effective cytotoxic doses on a single special spot, that can seriously cause harm if it was administered systemically. Therefore, various nanoparticles (NPs) specifically have attached groups for targeting capabilities, not seen in bulk materials, which then need activation. In this review, we will present a simple innovative, illustrative, in a cartoon-way, enumeration of NP anti-cancer drug targeting delivery system activation-types. Area(s) covered in this review are the mechanisms of various NP activation techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia M Hamdy
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, 11566, Egypt
| | - Georgette Eskander
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Postgraduate Student, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Emad B Basalious
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt,Correspondence: Emad B Basalious; Nadia M Hamdy, Email ;
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16
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Thakur C, Qiu Y, Zhang Q, Carruthers NJ, Yu M, Bi Z, Fu Y, Wadgaonkar P, Almutairy B, Seno A, Stemmer PM, Chen F. Deletion of mdig enhances H3K36me3 and metastatic potential of the triple negative breast cancer cells. iScience 2022; 25:105057. [PMID: 36124233 PMCID: PMC9482110 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this report, we provide evidence showing diminished expression of the mineral dust-induced gene (mdig), a previously identified oncogenic gene, in human triple negative breast cancer (TNBC). Using a mouse model of orthotopic xenograft of the TNBC MDA-MB-231 cells, we demonstrate that mdig promotes the growth of primary tumors but inhibits metastasis of these cells in vivo. Knockout of mdig resulted in an enhancement of H3K36me3 in the genome and upregulation of some X chromosome-linked genes for cell motility, invasion, and metastasis. Silencing MAGED2, one of the most upregulated and H3K36me3-enriched genes resulted from mdig depletion, can partially reverse the invasive migration of the mdig knockout cells. The anti-metastatic and inhibitory role of mdig on H3K36me3 was cross-validated in another cell line, A549 lung cancer cells. Together, our data suggest that mdig is antagonist against H3K36me3 that enforces expression of genes, such as MAGED2, for cell invasion and metastasis. Loss of mdig expression in TNBC and metastatic breast cancer Knockout of mdig enforces metastasis of the TNBC cells Mdig antagonizes H3K36me3 that promotes expression of X-linked metastatic genes Silencing MAGED2 reduces invasive migration of the mdig knockout cells
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Affiliation(s)
- Chitra Thakur
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Yiran Qiu
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Nicholas J Carruthers
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Miaomiao Yu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, 110042 Liaoning Province, China
| | - Zhuoyue Bi
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Yao Fu
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA
| | - Priya Wadgaonkar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Bandar Almutairy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,College of Pharmacy, Al-Dawadmi Campus, Shaqra University, P.O. Box 11961, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Akimasa Seno
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA.,Faculty of Engineering, Graduate School of Interdisciplinary Science and Engineering in Health Systems, Okayama University, Okayama 700-8530, Japan
| | - Paul M Stemmer
- Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
| | - Fei Chen
- Stony Brook Cancer Center and Department of Pathology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Lauterbur Drive, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Eugene Applebaum College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Wayne State University, 259 Mack Avenue, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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17
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Li G, Huang D, Li P, Yuan X, Yarotskyy V, Li PL. Regulation of exosome release by lysosomal acid ceramidase in coronary arterial endothelial cells: Role of TRPML1 channel. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2022; 90:37-63. [PMID: 36368874 PMCID: PMC9842397 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2022.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomal acid ceramidase (AC) has been reported to determine multivesicular body (MVB) fate and exosome secretion in different mammalian cells including coronary arterial endothelial cells (CAECs). However, this AC-mediated regulation of exosome release from CAECs and associated underlying mechanism remain poorly understood. In the present study, we hypothesized that AC controls lysosomal Ca2+ release through TRPML1 channel to regulate exosome release in murine CAECs. To test this hypothesis, we isolated and cultured CAECs from WT/WT and endothelial cell-specific Asah1 gene (gene encoding AC) knockout mice. Using these CAECs, we first demonstrated a remarkable increase in exosome secretion and significant reduction of lysosome-MVB interaction in CAECs lacking Asah1 gene compared to those cells from WT/WT mice. ML-SA1, a TRPML1 channel agonist, was found to enhance lysosome trafficking and increase lysosome-MVB interaction in WT/WT CAECs, but not in CAECs lacking Asah1 gene. However, sphingosine, an AC-derived sphingolipid, was able to increase lysosome movement and lysosome-MVB interaction in CAECs lacking Asah1 gene, leading to reduced exosome release from these cells. Moreover, Asah1 gene deletion was shown to substantially inhibit lysosomal Ca2+ release through suppression of TRPML1 channel activity in CAECs. Sphingosine as an AC product rescued the function of TRPML1 channel in CAECs lacking Asah1 gene. These results suggest that Asah1 gene defect and associated deficiency of AC activity may inhibit TRPML1 channel activity, thereby reducing MVB degradation by lysosome and increasing exosome release from CAECs. This enhanced exosome release from CAECs may contribute to the development of coronary arterial disease under pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangbi Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Dandan Huang
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Pengyang Li
- Division of Cardiology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Xinxu Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Viktor Yarotskyy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States
| | - Pin-Lan Li
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, United States.
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18
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Wang F, Jin Y, Gao X, Huo H, Wang B, Niu B, Xia Z, Zhang J, Yang X. DNAzyme-assisted bioconstruction of logically activatable nanoplatforms for enhanced cancer therapy. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.05.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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19
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Proposal to Consider Chemical/Physical Microenvironment as a New Therapeutic Off-Target Approach. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102084. [PMID: 36297518 PMCID: PMC9611316 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The molecular revolution could lead drug discovery from chance observation to the rational design of new classes of drugs that could simultaneously be more effective and less toxic. Unfortunately, we are witnessing some failure in this sense, and the causes of the crisis involve a wide range of epistemological and scientific aspects. In pharmacology, one key point is the crisis of the paradigm the “magic bullet”, which is to design therapies based on specific molecular targets. Drug repurposing is one of the proposed ways out of the crisis and is based on the off-target effects of known drugs. Here, we propose the microenvironment as the ideal place to direct the off-targeting of known drugs. While it has been extensively investigated in tumors, the generation of a harsh microenvironment is also a phenotype of the vast majority of chronic diseases. The hostile microenvironment, on the one hand, reduces the efficacy of both chemical and biological drugs; on the other hand, it dictates a sort of “Darwinian” selection of those cells armed to survive in such hostile conditions. This opens the way to the consideration of the microenvironment as a convenient target for pharmacological action, with a clear example in proton pump inhibitors.
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20
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Di Pompo G, Kusuzaki K, Ponzetti M, Leone VF, Baldini N, Avnet S. Radiodynamic Therapy with Acridine Orange Is an Effective Treatment for Bone Metastases. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10081904. [PMID: 36009451 PMCID: PMC9405350 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Current multimodal treatment of bone metastases is partially effective and often associated with side effects, and novel therapeutic options are needed. Acridine orange is a photosensitizing molecule that accumulates in acidic compartments. After photo- or radiodynamic activation (AO-PDT or AO-RDT), acridine orange can induce lysosomal-mediated cell death, and we explored AO-RDT as an acid-targeted anticancer therapy for bone metastases. We used osteotropic carcinoma cells and human osteoclasts to assess the extracellular acidification and invasiveness of cancer cells, acridine orange uptake and lysosomal pH/stability, and the AO-RDT cytotoxicity in vitro. We then used a xenograft model of bone metastasis to compare AO-RDT to another antiacid therapeutic strategy (omeprazole). Carcinoma cells showed extracellular acidification activity and tumor-derived acidosis enhanced cancer invasiveness. Furthermore, cancer cells accumulated acridine orange more than osteoclasts and were more sensitive to lysosomal death. In vivo, omeprazole did not reduce osteolysis, whereas AO-RDT promoted cancer cell necrosis and inhibited tumor-induced bone resorption, without affecting osteoclasts. In conclusion, AO-RDT was selectively toxic only for carcinoma cells and effective to impair both tumor expansion in bone and tumor-associated osteolysis. We therefore suggest the use of AO-RDT, in combination with the standard antiresorptive therapies, to reduce disease burden in bone metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Di Pompo
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
| | - Katsuyuki Kusuzaki
- Department of Musculoskeletal Oncology, Takai Hospital, Tenri 632-0372, Japan
| | - Marco Ponzetti
- Department of Biotechnological and Applied Clinical Sciences, University of L’Aquila, 67100 L’Aquila, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Baldini
- Biomedical Science and Technologies and Nanobiotechnology Laboratory, IRCCS Istituto Ortopedico Rizzoli, 40136 Bologna, Italy
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Sofia Avnet
- Department of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Correspondence:
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21
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Berg AL, Rowson-Hodel A, Wheeler MR, Hu M, Free SR, Carraway KL. Engaging the Lysosome and Lysosome-Dependent Cell Death in Cancer. Breast Cancer 2022. [DOI: 10.36255/exon-publications-breast-cancer-lysosome] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Anindya R. Cytoplasmic DNA in cancer cells: Several pathways that potentially limit DNase2 and TREX1 activities. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119278. [PMID: 35489653 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The presence of DNA in the cytoplasm of tumor cells induces the dendritic cell to produce type-I IFNs. Classically, the presence of foreign DNA in host cells' cytoplasm during viral infection elicits cGAS-STING mediated type-I IFN signaling and cytokine production. It is likely that cytosolic DNA leads to senescence and immune surveillance in transformed cells during the early stages of carcinogenesis. However, multiple factors, such as loss of cell-cycle checkpoint, mitochondrial damage and chromosomal instability, can lead to persistent accumulation of DNA in the cytoplasm of metastatic tumor cells. That is why aberrant activation of the type I IFN pathway is frequently associated with highly aggressive tumors. Intriguingly, two powerful intracellular deoxyribonucleases, DNase2 and TREX1, can target the cytoplasmic DNA for degradation. Yet the tumor cells consistently accumulate cytoplasmic DNA. This review highlights recent work connecting the lack of DNase2 and TREX1 function to innate immune signaling. It also summarizes the possible mechanisms that limit the activity of DNase2 and TREX1 in tumor cells and contributes to chronic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy Anindya
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, Sangareddy 502284, India.
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23
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Inhibition of c-MYC-miRNA 19 Pathway Sensitized CML K562 Cells to Etoposide via NHE1 Upregulation. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9306614. [PMID: 35915613 PMCID: PMC9338868 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9306614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
As a previously discovered target of DNA damage, Na+/H+ exchanger 1 (NHE1) plays a role in regulation of intracellular pH (pHi) through the extrusion of intracellular proton (H+) in exchange for extracellular sodium (Na+). Its abnormal expression and dysfunction have been reported in solid tumor and hematopoietic malignancies. Here, we reported that suppression of NHE1 in BCR-ABL+ hematopoietic malignancies' K562 cells treated with Etoposide was manipulated by miR-19 and c-MYC. Inhibition of miR-19 or c-MYC enhanced the expression of NHE1 and sensitized K562 cells to Etoposide in vitro. The in vivo nude mouse transplantation model was also performed to confirm the enhanced sensitivity of K562 cells to Etoposide by inhibiting the miR-19 or c-MYC pathway. TCGA analysis conferred a negative correlation between miR-19 level and leukemia patients' survival. Thus, our results provided a potential management by which the c-MYC-miRNA 19 pathway might have a crucial impact on sensitizing K562 cells to Etoposide in the therapeutic approaches.
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24
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Lazniewska J, Bader C, Hickey SM, Selemidis S, O'Leary J, Simpson PV, Stagni S, Plush SE, Massi M, Brooks D. Rhenium(I) conjugates as tools for tracking cholesterol in cells. Metallomics 2022; 14:6601455. [PMID: 35657681 PMCID: PMC9344854 DOI: 10.1093/mtomcs/mfac040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is vital to control membrane integrity and fluidity, but is also a precursor to produce steroid hormones, bile acids, and vitamin D. Consequently, altered cholesterol biology has been linked to many diseases, including metabolic syndromes and cancer. Defining the intracellular pools of cholesterol and its trafficking within cells is essential to understand both normal cell physiology and mechanisms of pathogenesis. We have synthesized a new cholesterol mimic (ReTEGCholestanol), comprising a luminescent rhenium metal complex and a cholestanol targeting unit, linked using a tetraethylene glycol (TEG) spacer. ReTEGCholestanol demonstrated favourable imaging properties and improved water solubility when compared to a cholesterol derivative, and structurally related probes lacking the TEG linker. A non-malignant and three malignant prostate cell lines were used to characterize the uptake and intracellular distribution of ReTEGCholestanol. The ReTEGCholestanol complex was effectively internalized and mainly localized to late endosomes/lysosomes in non-malignant PNT1a cells, while in prostate cancer cells it also accumulated in early endosomes and multivesicular bodies, suggesting disturbed cholesterol biology in the malignant cells. The ReTEGCholestanol is a novel imaging agent for visualizing endosomal uptake and trafficking, which may be used to define cholesterol related biology including membrane integration and altered lipid trafficking/processing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Shane M Hickey
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Stavros Selemidis
- Department of Human Biosciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - John O'Leary
- Discipline of Histopathology, University of Dublin Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Peter V Simpson
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences - Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Stefano Stagni
- Department of Industrial Chemistry Toso Montanari, University of Bologna, Via Zamboni, 33, Bologna I-40136, Italy
| | - Sally E Plush
- UniSA Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide, South Australia 5001, Australia
| | - Massimiliano Massi
- School of Molecular and Life Sciences - Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia
| | - Doug Brooks
- Correspondence: School of Molecular and Life Sciences - Curtin University, Bentley, Western Australia 6102, Australia. Tel: +61-8-830-21229; E-mail:
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25
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Maged A, Abdelbaset R, Mahmoud AA, Elkasabgy NA. Merits and advances of microfluidics in the pharmaceutical field: design technologies and future prospects. Drug Deliv 2022; 29:1549-1570. [PMID: 35612293 PMCID: PMC9154770 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2022.2069878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microfluidics is used to manipulate fluid flow in micro-channels to fabricate drug delivery vesicles in a uniform tunable size. Thanks to their designs, microfluidic technology provides an alternative and versatile platform over traditional formulation methods of nanoparticles. Understanding the factors that affect the formulation of nanoparticles can guide the proper selection of microfluidic design and the operating parameters aiming at producing nanoparticles with reproducible properties. This review introduces the microfluidic systems' continuous flow (single-phase) and segmented flow (multiphase) and their different mixing parameters and mechanisms. Furthermore, microfluidic approaches for efficient production of nanoparticles as surface modification, anti-fouling, and post-microfluidic treatment are summarized. The review sheds light on the used microfluidic systems and operation parameters applied to prepare and fine-tune nanoparticles like lipid, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA)-based nanoparticles as well as cross-linked nanoparticles. The approaches for scale-up production using microfluidics for clinical or industrial use are also highlighted. Furthermore, the use of microfluidics in preparing novel micro/nanofluidic drug delivery systems is presented. In conclusion, the characteristic vital features of microfluidics offer the ability to develop precise and efficient drug delivery nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Maged
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.,Pharmaceutical Factory, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Reda Abdelbaset
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Helwan University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Azza A Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nermeen A Elkasabgy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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26
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Pillai S, Mahmud I, Mahar R, Griffith C, Langsen M, Nguyen J, Wojtkowiak JW, Swietach P, Gatenby RA, Bui MM, Merritt ME, McDonald P, Garrett TJ, Gillies RJ. Lipogenesis mediated by OGR1 regulates metabolic adaptation to acid stress in cancer cells via autophagy. Cell Rep 2022; 39:110796. [PMID: 35545051 PMCID: PMC9137419 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2022.110796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant tumors exhibit altered metabolism resulting in a highly acidic extracellular microenvironment. Here, we show that cytoplasmic lipid droplet (LD) accumulation, indicative of a lipogenic phenotype, is a cellular adaption to extracellular acidity. LD marker PLIN2 is strongly associated with poor overall survival in breast cancer patients. Acid-induced LD accumulation is triggered by activation of the acid-sensing G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) OGR1, which is expressed highly in breast tumors. OGR1 depletion inhibits acid-induced lipid accumulation, while activation by a synthetic agonist triggers LD formation. Inhibition of OGR1 downstream signaling abrogates the lipogenic phenotype, which can be rescued with OGR1 ectopic expression. OGR1-depleted cells show growth inhibition under acidic growth conditions in vitro and tumor formation in vivo. Isotope tracing shows that the source of lipid precursors is primarily autophagy-derived ketogenic amino acids. OGR1-depleted cells are defective in endoplasmic reticulum stress response and autophagy and hence fail to accumulate LDs affecting survival under acidic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Smitha Pillai
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Iqbal Mahmud
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Rohit Mahar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Crystal Griffith
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Michael Langsen
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan Nguyen
- Analytical Microscopy Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Jonathan W Wojtkowiak
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Pawel Swietach
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PT, UK
| | - Robert A Gatenby
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Marilyn M Bui
- Analytical Microscopy Core, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Pathology, Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Matthew E Merritt
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Patricia McDonald
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Timothy J Garrett
- Department of Pathology, Immunology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Robert J Gillies
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA; Department of Radiology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
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27
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Jain V, Bose S, Arya AK, Arif T. Lysosomes in Stem Cell Quiescence: A Potential Therapeutic Target in Acute Myeloid Leukemia. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071618. [PMID: 35406389 PMCID: PMC8996909 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are cellular organelles that regulate essential biological processes such as cellular homeostasis, development, and aging. They are primarily connected to the degradation/recycling of cellular macromolecules and participate in cellular trafficking, nutritional signaling, energy metabolism, and immune regulation. Therefore, lysosomes connect cellular metabolism and signaling pathways. Lysosome's involvement in the critical biological processes has rekindled clinical interest towards this organelle for treating various diseases, including cancer. Recent research advancements have demonstrated that lysosomes also regulate the maintenance and hemostasis of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs), which play a critical role in the progression of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and other types of cancer. Lysosomes regulate both HSCs' metabolic networks and identity transition. AML is a lethal type of blood cancer with a poor prognosis that is particularly associated with aging. Although the genetic landscape of AML has been extensively described, only a few targeted therapies have been produced, warranting the need for further research. This review summarizes the functions and importance of targeting lysosomes in AML, while highlighting the significance of lysosomes in HSCs maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vaibhav Jain
- Abramson Cancer Center, Department of Medicine, 421 Curie Blvd., Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA;
| | - Swaroop Bose
- Department of Dermatology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA;
| | - Awadhesh K. Arya
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shock, Trauma and Anesthesiology Research Center, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA;
| | - Tasleem Arif
- Department of Cell, Developmental, and Regenerative Biology, Mount Sinai Icahn School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +212-241-4143; Fax: +212-860-9279
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Sebestyén A, Dankó T, Sztankovics D, Moldvai D, Raffay R, Cervi C, Krencz I, Zsiros V, Jeney A, Petővári G. The role of metabolic ecosystem in cancer progression — metabolic plasticity and mTOR hyperactivity in tumor tissues. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2022; 40:989-1033. [PMID: 35029792 PMCID: PMC8825419 DOI: 10.1007/s10555-021-10006-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite advancements in cancer management, tumor relapse and metastasis are associated with poor outcomes in many cancers. Over the past decade, oncogene-driven carcinogenesis, dysregulated cellular signaling networks, dynamic changes in the tissue microenvironment, epithelial-mesenchymal transitions, protein expression within regulatory pathways, and their part in tumor progression are described in several studies. However, the complexity of metabolic enzyme expression is considerably under evaluated. Alterations in cellular metabolism determine the individual phenotype and behavior of cells, which is a well-recognized hallmark of cancer progression, especially in the adaptation mechanisms underlying therapy resistance. In metabolic symbiosis, cells compete, communicate, and even feed each other, supervised by tumor cells. Metabolic reprogramming forms a unique fingerprint for each tumor tissue, depending on the cellular content and genetic, epigenetic, and microenvironmental alterations of the developing cancer. Based on its sensing and effector functions, the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) kinase is considered the master regulator of metabolic adaptation. Moreover, mTOR kinase hyperactivity is associated with poor prognosis in various tumor types. In situ metabolic phenotyping in recent studies highlights the importance of metabolic plasticity, mTOR hyperactivity, and their role in tumor progression. In this review, we update recent developments in metabolic phenotyping of the cancer ecosystem, metabolic symbiosis, and plasticity which could provide new research directions in tumor biology. In addition, we suggest pathomorphological and analytical studies relating to metabolic alterations, mTOR activity, and their associations which are necessary to improve understanding of tumor heterogeneity and expand the therapeutic management of cancer.
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29
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Large-Scale, Wavelet-Based Analysis of Lysosomal Trajectories and Co-Movements of Lysosomes with Nanoparticle Cargos. Cells 2022; 11:cells11020270. [PMID: 35053385 PMCID: PMC8774281 DOI: 10.3390/cells11020270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes—that is, acidic organelles known for degradation/recycling—move through the cytoplasm alternating between bursts of active transport and short, diffusive motions or even pauses. While their mobility is essential for lysosomes’ fusogenic and non-fusogenic interactions with target organelles, their movements have not been characterized in adequate detail. Here, large-scale statistical analysis of lysosomal movement trajectories reveals that lysosome trajectories in all examined cell types—both cancer and noncancerous ones—are superdiffusive and characterized by heavy-tailed distributions of run and flight lengths. Consideration of Akaike weights for various potential models (lognormal, power law, truncated power law, stretched exponential, and exponential) indicates that the experimental data are best described by the lognormal distribution, which, in turn, can be related to one of the space-search strategies particularly effective when “thorough” search needs to balance search for rare target(s) (organelles). In addition, automated, wavelet-based analysis allows for co-tracking the motions of lysosomes and the cargos they carry—particularly the nanoparticle aggregates known to cause selective lysosome disruption in cancerous cells. The methods we describe here could help study nanoparticle assemblies, viruses, and other objects transported inside various vesicle types, as well as coordinated movements of organelles/particles in the cytoplasm. Custom-written code that includes integrated workflow for our analyses is made available for academic use.
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Pucci C, Degl'Innocenti A, Belenli Gümüş M, Ciofani G. Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for magnetic hyperthermia: Recent advancements, molecular effects, and future directions in the omics era. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2103-2121. [DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01963e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have attracted attention in the biomedical field thanks to their ability to prompt hyperthermia in response to an alternated magnetic field. Hyperthermia is well-known for inducing...
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31
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Sabljo K, Napp J, Alves F, Feldmann C. pH-Dependent Fluorescence of [La(OH)2]+[ARS]– Hybrid Nanoparticles for Intracellular pH-Sensing. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:9417-9420. [DOI: 10.1039/d2cc01507b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Saline inorganic-organic hybrid nanoparticles (IOH-NPs) [La(OH)2]+[ARS]– (ARS: alizarin red S) are prepared in water as a new compound (particle size: 47±7 nm, ARS load: 65 wt-%). The IOH-NPs not only...
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32
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Halaby R. Natural Products Induce Lysosomal Membrane Permeabilization as an Anticancer Strategy. MEDICINES 2021; 8:medicines8110069. [PMID: 34822366 PMCID: PMC8624533 DOI: 10.3390/medicines8110069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is a global health and economic issue. The majority of anticancer therapies become ineffective due to frequent genomic turnover and chemoresistance. Furthermore, chemotherapy and radiation are non-specific, killing all rapidly dividing cells including healthy cells. In this review, we examine the ability of some natural products to induce lysosomal-mediated cell death in neoplastic cells as a way to kill them more specifically than conventional therapies. This list is by no means exhaustive. We postulate mechanisms to explain lysosomal membrane permeabilization and its role in triggering cell death in cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reginald Halaby
- Department of Biology, Montclair State University, Montclair, NJ 07043, USA
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Dai XH, Wang GH, Lian XL, Yan Y, Wang Y, Zou HR, Liu H. Effect of acidic culture conditions on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration ability of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma cells and its related mechanism. HUA XI KOU QIANG YI XUE ZA ZHI = HUAXI KOUQIANG YIXUE ZAZHI = WEST CHINA JOURNAL OF STOMATOLOGY 2021; 39:540-546. [PMID: 34636201 DOI: 10.7518/hxkq.2021.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aims to explore the effect of acidic culture conditions on the proliferation, apoptosis, and migration ability of human tongue squamous cell carcinoma SCC15 and CAL27 cells and its potential molecular mechanism. METHODS After acidic culture for different periods, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method was adop-ted to detect the cell proliferation of SCC15 and CAL27. Flow cytometry was employed to detect the apoptosis level of SCC15 and CAL27 cells. The migration ability of SCC15 and CAL27 after acidic culture was detected by scratch hea-ling test. Real-time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (FQ-PCR) was used to detect the mRNA expression of cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) and survivin in SCC15 and CAL27 cells after acidic culture. RESULTS After culture for 24 h under acidic microenvironment, SCC15 and CAL27 cells grew rapidly and reached the stationary phase after adjustment for 3 days. The apoptosis levels of SCC15 and CAL27 cells decreased after acidic culture, but the most significant reduction occurred after 6 h of acidic culture. The scratch healing rates of SCC15 and CAL27 cells increased after acidic culture. The results of FQ-PCR showed that the mRNA expression levels of COX-2 and survivin in SCC15 and CAL27 cells increased after acidic culture. CONCLUSIONS Extracellular acidic microenvironment can inhibit the apoptosis of tongue squamous carcinoma cells, promote their migration, and induce more adaptable and malignant tongue squamous carcinoma cells. The mechanism may be related to COX-2 and survivin and their signal pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hua Dai
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Guan-Hua Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Xiao-Li Lian
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Hui-Ru Zou
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China
| | - Hao Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Oral and Maxillofacial Function Reconstruction, Tianjin Stomatological Hospital, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin 300041, China
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Won M, Choi S, Cheon S, Kim EM, Kwon TK, Kim J, Kim YE, Sohn KC, Hur GM, Kim KK. Octyl syringate is preferentially cytotoxic to cancer cells via lysosomal membrane permeabilization and autophagic flux inhibition. Cell Biol Toxicol 2021; 39:183-199. [PMID: 34523043 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-021-09653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The autophagy-mediated lysosomal pathway plays an important role in conferring stress tolerance to tumor cells during cellular stress such as increased metabolic demands. Thus, targeted disruption of this function and inducing lysosomal cell death have been proved to be a useful cancer therapeutic approach. In this study, we reported that octyl syringate (OS), a novel phenolic derivate, was preferentially cytotoxic to various cancer cells but was significantly less cytotoxic to non-transformed cells. Treatment with OS resulted in non-apoptotic cell death in a caspase-independent manner. Notably, OS not only enhanced accumulation of autophagic substrates, including lapidated LC3 and sequestosome-1, but also inhibited their degradation via an autophagic flux. In addition, OS destabilized the lysosomal function, followed by the intracellular accumulation of the non-digestive autophagic substrates such as bovine serum albumin and stress granules. Furthermore, OS triggered the release of lysosomal enzymes into the cytoplasm that contributed to OS-induced non-apoptotic cell death. Finally, we demonstrated that OS was well tolerated and reduced tumor growth in mouse xenograft models. Taken together, our study identifies OS as a novel anticancer agent that induces lysosomal destabilization and subsequently inhibits autophagic flux and further supports development of OS as a lysosome-targeting compound in cancer therapy. • Octyl syringate, a phenolic derivate, is preferentially cytotoxic to various cancer cells. • Octyl syringate destabilizes the lysosomal function. • Octyl syringate blocks the autophagic flux. • Octyl syringate is a potential candidate compound for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minho Won
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 35015, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.,Biotechnology Process Engineering Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience & Biotechnology (KRIBB), Cheongju, 28116, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkyung Choi
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Seonghye Cheon
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun-Mi Kim
- Department of Predictive Toxicology, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, 34114, Republic of Korea
| | - Taeg Kyu Kwon
- Department of Immunology, College of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu, 42601, Republic of Korea
| | - Jaewhan Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Eun Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Cheol Sohn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 35015, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Gang Min Hur
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Chungnam National University, 35015, Daejeon, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kee K Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, 34134, Republic of Korea.
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35
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Abdolmaleki A, Asadi A, Gurushankar K, Karimi Shayan T, Abedi Sarvestani F. Importance of Nano Medicine and New Drug Therapies for Cancer. Adv Pharm Bull 2021; 11:450-457. [PMID: 34513619 PMCID: PMC8421622 DOI: 10.34172/apb.2021.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the deadly diseases leading to approximately 7.6 million deaths worldwide, with the mortality rate of 13%, and the number of deaths is expected to increase to 13.1 million within the next 10 years. In controlled drug delivery systems (DDS), the drug is transported to the desired location. Thus, the influence of drugs on vital tissues and undesirable side effects can be minimised. Additionally, DDS protects the drug from rapid degradation or clearance and enhances drug concentration in target tissues, and therefore, minimise the required dose of drug. This modern form of therapy is particularly important when there is a discrepancy between the dose and concentration of a drug. Cell-specific targeting can be achieved by attaching drugs to individually designed carriers. Recent developments in nanotechnology have shown that nanoparticles (particles with diameter < 100 nm in at least one dimension) have great potential as drug carriers. Because of their small size, these nanostructures exhibit unique physicochemical and biological properties that make them a favourable material for biomedical applications. Therefore, in this review, we aimed to describe the importance and types of nanomedicines and efficient ways in which new drug delivery systems for the treatment of cancer can be developed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Abdolmaleki
- Department of Engineering Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Technologies, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Namin, Iran.,Bio Science and Biotechnology Research center (BBRC), Sabalan University of Advanced Technologies (SUAT), Namin, Iran
| | - Asadollah Asadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Krishnamoorthy Gurushankar
- Laboratory of Computational Modeling of Drugs, Higher Medical and Biological School, South Ural State University, Chelyabinsk-454 080, Russia.,Department of Physics, Kalasalingam Academy of Research and Education, Krishnankoil- 626126, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Tahereh Karimi Shayan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
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Adon T, Shanmugarajan D, Kumar HY. CDK4/6 inhibitors: a brief overview and prospective research directions. RSC Adv 2021; 11:29227-29246. [PMID: 35479560 PMCID: PMC9040853 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03820f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and their mechanism in regulating the cell cycle process was considered a game-changer in cancer therapy. Cell cycle arrest and apoptosis were both triggered by their inhibition. The CDK4/6 complex acts as a checkpoint during the cell cycle transition from cell growth (G1) to DNA synthesis (S) phase and its deregulation or overexpression induces abnormal cell proliferation and cancer development. Consequently, targeting CDK4/6 has been proposed as a paradigm shift in the anticancer approach. The design and development of effective CDK4/6 inhibitors are increasingly becoming a promising cancer therapy evident with approved drugs such as palbociclib, ribociclib, and abemaciclib, etc. In this article, we explore the biological importance of CDK4/6 in cancer therapy, the development of resistance to monotherapy, and a short overview of PROTAC (Proteolysis Targeting Chimera), a unique and pioneering technique for degrading CDK4/6 enzymes. Overall, our prime focus is to discuss novel CDK4/6 inhibitors with diverse chemical classes and their correlation with computational studies. The discovery of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) and their mechanism in regulating the cell cycle process was considered a game-changer in cancer therapy.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenzin Adon
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar Mysuru-570015 Karnataka India +919726447802
| | - Dhivya Shanmugarajan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar Mysuru-570015 Karnataka India +919726447802
| | - Honnavalli Yogish Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, JSS College of Pharmacy, JSS Academy of Higher Education and Research Sri Shivarathreeshwara Nagar Mysuru-570015 Karnataka India +919726447802
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Allemailem KS, Almatroudi A, Alrumaihi F, Almatroodi SA, Alkurbi MO, Basfar GT, Rahmani AH, Khan AA. Novel Approaches of Dysregulating Lysosome Functions in Cancer Cells by Specific Drugs and Its Nanoformulations: A Smart Approach of Modern Therapeutics. Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:5065-5098. [PMID: 34345172 PMCID: PMC8324981 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s321343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The smart strategy of cancer cells to bypass the caspase-dependent apoptotic pathway has led to the discovery of novel anti-cancer approaches including the targeting of lysosomes. Recent discoveries observed that lysosomes perform far beyond just recycling of cellular waste, as these organelles are metabolically very active and mediate several signalling pathways to sense the cellular metabolic status. These organelles also play a significant role in mediating the immune system functions. Thus, direct or indirect lysosome-targeting with different drugs can be considered a novel therapeutic approach in different disease including cancer. Recently, some anticancer lysosomotropic drugs (eg, nortriptyline, siramesine, desipramine) and their nanoformulations have been engineered to specifically accumulate within these organelles. These drugs can enhance lysosome membrane permeabilization (LMP) or disrupt the activity of resident enzymes and protein complexes, like v-ATPase and mTORC1. Other anticancer drugs like doxorubicin, quinacrine, chloroquine and DQ661 have also been used which act through multi-target points. In addition, autophagy inhibitors, ferroptosis inducers and fluorescent probes have also been used as novel theranostic agents. Several lysosome-specific drug nanoformulations like mixed charge and peptide conjugated gold nanoparticles (AuNPs), Au-ZnO hybrid NPs, TPP-PEG-biotin NPs, octadecyl-rhodamine-B and cationic liposomes, etc. have been synthesized by diverse methods. These nanoformulations can target cathepsins, glucose-regulated protein 78, or other lysosome specific proteins in different cancers. The specific targeting of cancer cell lysosomes with drug nanoformulations is quite recent and faces tremendous challenges like toxicity concerns to normal tissues, which may be resolved in future research. The anticancer applications of these nanoformulations have led them up to various stages of clinical trials. Here in this review article, we present the recent updates about the lysosome ultrastructure, its cross-talk with other organelles, and the novel strategies of targeting this organelle in tumor cells as a recent innovative approach of cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled S Allemailem
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmad Almatroudi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Faris Alrumaihi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh A Almatroodi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad O Alkurbi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghaiyda Talal Basfar
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arshad Husain Rahmani
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Amjad Ali Khan
- Department of Basic Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
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Ion Channels, Transporters, and Sensors Interact with the Acidic Tumor Microenvironment to Modify Cancer Progression. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 182:39-84. [PMID: 34291319 DOI: 10.1007/112_2021_63] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Solid tumors, including breast carcinomas, are heterogeneous but typically characterized by elevated cellular turnover and metabolism, diffusion limitations based on the complex tumor architecture, and abnormal intra- and extracellular ion compositions particularly as regards acid-base equivalents. Carcinogenesis-related alterations in expression and function of ion channels and transporters, cellular energy levels, and organellar H+ sequestration further modify the acid-base composition within tumors and influence cancer cell functions, including cell proliferation, migration, and survival. Cancer cells defend their cytosolic pH and HCO3- concentrations better than normal cells when challenged with the marked deviations in extracellular H+, HCO3-, and lactate concentrations typical of the tumor microenvironment. Ionic gradients determine the driving forces for ion transporters and channels and influence the membrane potential. Cancer and stromal cells also sense abnormal ion concentrations via intra- and extracellular receptors that modify cancer progression and prognosis. With emphasis on breast cancer, the current review first addresses the altered ion composition and the changes in expression and functional activity of ion channels and transporters in solid cancer tissue. It then discusses how ion channels, transporters, and cellular sensors under influence of the acidic tumor microenvironment shape cancer development and progression and affect the potential of cancer therapies.
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Ordway B, Gillies RJ, Damaghi M. Extracellular Acidification Induces Lysosomal Dysregulation. Cells 2021; 10:1188. [PMID: 34067971 PMCID: PMC8152284 DOI: 10.3390/cells10051188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Many invasive cancers emerge through a years-long process of somatic evolution, characterized by an accumulation of heritable genetic and epigenetic changes and the emergence of increasingly aggressive clonal populations. In solid tumors, such as breast ductal carcinoma, the extracellular environment for cells within the nascent tumor is harsh and imposes different types of stress on cells, such as hypoxia, nutrient deprivation, and cytokine inflammation. Acidosis is a constant stressor of most cancer cells due to its production through fermentation of glucose to lactic acid in hypoxic or normoxic regions (Warburg effect). Over a short period of time, acid stress can have a profound effect on the function of lysosomes within the cells exposed to this environment, and after long term exposure, lysosomal function of the cancer cells can become completely dysregulated. Whether this dysregulation is due to an epigenetic change or evolutionary selection has yet to be determined, but understanding the mechanisms behind this dysregulation could identify therapeutic opportunities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryce Ordway
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.O.); (R.J.G.)
| | - Robert J. Gillies
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.O.); (R.J.G.)
| | - Mehdi Damaghi
- Department of Cancer Physiology, H Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute, Tampa, FL 33612, USA; (B.O.); (R.J.G.)
- Department of Oncological Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
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40
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Xiong H, Wang C, Wang Z, Lu H, Yao J. Self-assembled nano-activator constructed ferroptosis-immunotherapy through hijacking endogenous iron to intracellular positive feedback loop. J Control Release 2021; 332:539-552. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2021.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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A. Youness R, Kamel R, A. Elkasabgy N, Shao P, A. Farag M. Recent Advances in Tannic Acid (Gallotannin) Anticancer Activities and Drug Delivery Systems for Efficacy Improvement; A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2021; 26:1486. [PMID: 33803294 PMCID: PMC7967207 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26051486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tannic acid is a chief gallo-tannin belonging to the hydrolysable tannins extracted from gall nuts and other plant sources. A myriad of pharmaceutical and biological applications in the medical field has been well recognized to tannic acid. Among these effects, potential anticancer activities against several solid malignancies such as liver, breast, lung, pancreatic, colorectal and ovarian cancers have been reported. Tannic acid was found to play a maestro-role in tuning several oncological signaling pathways including JAK/STAT, RAS/RAF/mTOR, TGF-β1/TGF-β1R axis, VEGF/VEGFR and CXCL12/CXCR4 axes. The combinational beneficial effects of tannic acid with other conventional chemotherapeutic drugs have been clearly demonstrated in literature such as a synergistic anticancer effect and enhancement of the chemo-sensitivity in several resistant cases. Yet, clinical applications of tannic acid have been limited owing to its poor lipid solubility, low bioavailability, off-taste, and short half-life. To overcome such obstacles, novel drug delivery systems have been employed to deliver tannic acid with the aim of improving its applications and/or efficacy against cancer cells. Among these drug delivery systems are several types of organic and metallic nanoparticles. In this review, the authors focus on the molecular mechanisms of tannic acid in tuning several neoplastic diseases as well as novel drug delivery systems that can be used for its clinical applications with an attempt to provide a systemic reference to promote the development of tannic acid as a cheap drug and/or drug delivery system in cancer management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana A. Youness
- The Molecular Genetics Research Team, Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Faculty of Pharmacy andBiotechnology, German University in Cairo, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Rabab Kamel
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo 12622, Egypt;
| | - Nermeen A. Elkasabgy
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini Street, Cairo 11562, Egypt;
| | - Ping Shao
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou 310014, China;
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El Aini St., Cairo 11562, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences & Engineering, The American University in Cairo, New Cairo 11835, Egypt
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Machado ER, Annunziata I, van de Vlekkert D, Grosveld GC, d’Azzo A. Lysosomes and Cancer Progression: A Malignant Liaison. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:642494. [PMID: 33718382 PMCID: PMC7952443 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.642494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
During primary tumorigenesis isolated cancer cells may undergo genetic or epigenetic changes that render them responsive to additional intrinsic or extrinsic cues, so that they enter a transitional state and eventually acquire an aggressive, metastatic phenotype. Among these changes is the alteration of the cell metabolic/catabolic machinery that creates the most permissive conditions for invasion, dissemination, and survival. The lysosomal system has emerged as a crucial player in this malignant transformation, making this system a potential therapeutic target in cancer. By virtue of their ubiquitous distribution in mammalian cells, their multifaced activities that control catabolic and anabolic processes, and their interplay with other organelles and the plasma membrane (PM), lysosomes function as platforms for inter- and intracellular communication. This is due to their capacity to adapt and sense nutrient availability, to spatially segregate specific functions depending on their position, to fuse with other compartments and with the PM, and to engage in membrane contact sites (MCS) with other organelles. Here we review the latest advances in our understanding of the role of the lysosomal system in cancer progression. We focus on how changes in lysosomal nutrient sensing, as well as lysosomal positioning, exocytosis, and fusion perturb the communication between tumor cells themselves and between tumor cells and their microenvironment. Finally, we describe the potential impact of MCS between lysosomes and other organelles in propelling cancer growth and spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eda R. Machado
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Ida Annunziata
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | | | - Gerard C. Grosveld
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
| | - Alessandra d’Azzo
- Department of Genetics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, United States
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, College of Graduate Health Sciences, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, United States
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Abstract
Extracellular acidification is a well-known driver of tumorigenesis that has been extensively studied. In contrast, the role of endosomal pH is novel and relatively unexplored. There is emerging evidence from a growing number of studies showing that the pH of endosomal compartments controls proliferation, migration, stemness, and sensitivity to chemoradiation therapy in a variety of tumors. Endosomes are a crucial hub, mediating cellular communication with the external environment. By finely regulating the sorting and trafficking of vesicular cargo for degradation or recycling, endosomal pH determines the fate of plasma membrane proteins, lipids, and extracellular signals including growth factor receptors and their ligands. Several critical regulators of endosomal pH have been identified, including multiple isoforms of the family of electroneutral Na+/H+ exchangers (NHE) such as NHE6 and NHE9. Recent studies have shed light on molecular mechanisms linking endosomal pH to cancer malignancy. Manipulating endosomal pH by epigenetic reprogramming, small molecules, or nanoparticles may offer promising new options in cancer therapy. In this review, we summarize evidence linking endosomal pH to cancer, with a focus on the role of endosomal Na+/H+ exchangers and how they affect the prognosis of cancer patients, and also suggest how regulation of endosomal pH may be exploited to develop new cancer therapies.
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The Role of Lysosomes in the Cancer Progression: Focus on the Extracellular Matrix Degradation. ACTA BIOMEDICA SCIENTIFICA 2021. [DOI: 10.29413/abs.2020-5.6.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Rafiq S, McKenna SL, Muller S, Tschan MP, Humbert M. Lysosomes in acute myeloid leukemia: potential therapeutic targets? Leukemia 2021; 35:2759-2770. [PMID: 34462526 PMCID: PMC8478647 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01388-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes, since their discovery, have been primarily known for degrading cellular macromolecules. However, in recent studies, they have begun to emerge as crucial regulators of cell homeostasis. They are at the crossroads of catabolic and anabolic pathways and are intricately involved in cellular trafficking, nutrient signaling, energy metabolism, and immune regulation. Their involvement in such essential cellular functions has renewed clinical interest in targeting the lysosome as a novel way to treat disease, particularly cancer. Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive blood cancer with a low survival probability, particularly in older patients. The genomic landscape of AML has been extensively characterized but few targeted therapies (with the exception of differentiation therapy) can achieve a long-term cure. Therefore, there is an unmet need for less intensive and more tolerable therapeutic interventions. In this review, we will give an overview on the myriad of functions performed by lysosomes and their importance in malignant disease. Furthermore, we will discuss their relevance in hematopoietic cells and different ways to potentially target them in AML.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreoshee Rafiq
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sharon L. McKenna
- grid.7872.a0000000123318773Cancer Research, UCC, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland ,TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Sylviane Muller
- TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, Barcelona, Spain ,grid.418692.00000 0004 0610 0264CNRS and Strasbourg University Unit Biotechnology and Cell signaling / Strasbourg Drug Discovery and Development Institute (IMS); Ecole Supérieure de Biotechnologie de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France ,grid.11843.3f0000 0001 2157 9291University of Strasbourg Institute for Advanced Study, Strasbourg, France
| | - Mario P. Tschan
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Bern, Switzerland ,grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland ,TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Magali Humbert
- grid.5734.50000 0001 0726 5157Division of Experimental Pathology, Institute of Pathology, Bern, Switzerland ,TRANSAUTOPHAGY: European Network for Multidisciplinary Research and Translation of Autophagy Knowledge, COST Action CA15138, Barcelona, Spain
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Lysosomal Exocytosis: The Extracellular Role of an Intracellular Organelle. MEMBRANES 2020; 10:membranes10120406. [PMID: 33316913 PMCID: PMC7764620 DOI: 10.3390/membranes10120406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lysosomes are acidic cell compartments containing a large set of hydrolytic enzymes. These lysosomal hydrolases degrade proteins, lipids, polysaccharides, and nucleic acids into their constituents. Materials to be degraded can reach lysosomes either from inside the cell, by autophagy, or from outside the cell, by different forms of endocytosis. In addition to their degradative functions, lysosomes are also able to extracellularly release their contents by lysosomal exocytosis. These organelles move from the perinuclear region along microtubules towards the proximity of the plasma membrane, then the lysosomal and plasma membrane fuse together via a Ca2+-dependent process. The fusion of the lysosomal membrane with plasma membrane plays an important role in plasma membrane repair, while the secretion of lysosomal content is relevant for the remodelling of extracellular matrix and release of functional substrates. Lysosomal storage disorders (LSDs) and age-related neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases, share as a pathological feature the accumulation of undigested material within organelles of the endolysosomal system. Recent studies suggest that lysosomal exocytosis stimulation may have beneficial effects on the accumulation of these unprocessed aggregates, leading to their extracellular elimination. However, many details of the molecular machinery required for lysosomal exocytosis are only beginning to be unravelled. Here, we are going to review the current literature on molecular mechanisms and biological functions underlying lysosomal exocytosis, to shed light on the potential of lysosomal exocytosis stimulation as a therapeutic approach.
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47
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Targeting HGF/c-MET Axis in Pancreatic Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21239170. [PMID: 33271944 PMCID: PMC7730415 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21239170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 11/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer (pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC/PC)) has been an aggressive disease that is associated with early metastases. It is characterized by dense and collagenous desmoplasia/stroma, predominantly produced by pancreatic stellate cells (PSCs). PSCs interact with cancer cells as well as other stromal cells, facilitating disease progression. A candidate growth factor pathway that may mediate this interaction is the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-MET pathway. HGF is produced by PSCs and its receptor c-MET is expressed on pancreatic cancer cells and endothelial cells. The current review discusses the role of the MET/HGF axis in tumour progression and dissemination of pancreatic cancer. Therapeutic approaches that were developed targeting either the ligand (HGF) or the receptor (c-MET) have not been shown to translate well into clinical settings. We discuss a two-pronged approach of targeting both the components of this pathway to interrupt the stromal–tumour interactions, which may represent a potential therapeutic strategy to improve outcomes in PC.
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Tang T, Yang ZY, Wang D, Yang XY, Wang J, Li L, Wen Q, Gao L, Bian XW, Yu SC. The role of lysosomes in cancer development and progression. Cell Biosci 2020; 10:131. [PMID: 33292489 PMCID: PMC7677787 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-020-00489-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are an important component of the inner membrane system and participate in numerous cell biological processes, such as macromolecular degradation, antigen presentation, intracellular pathogen destruction, plasma membrane repair, exosome release, cell adhesion/migration and apoptosis. Thus, lysosomes play important roles in cellular activity. In addition, previous studies have shown that lysosomes may play important roles in cancer development and progression through the abovementioned biological processes and that the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes are closely related to cancer cell proliferation, energy metabolism, invasion and metastasis, immune escape and tumor-associated angiogenesis. Therefore, identifying the factors and mechanisms that regulate the functional status and spatial distribution of lysosomes and elucidating the relationship between lysosomes and the development and progression of cancer can provide important information for cancer diagnosis and prognosis prediction and may yield new therapeutic targets. This study briefly reviews the above information and explores the potential value of lysosomes in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Tang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Ze-Yu Yang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Xian-Yan Yang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lin Li
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qian Wen
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Lei Gao
- Department of Hematology, Xinqiao Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University (Army Medical University), Chongqing, 400038, China.
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49
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Jeger JL. Endosomes, lysosomes, and the role of endosomal and lysosomal biogenesis in cancer development. Mol Biol Rep 2020; 47:9801-9810. [PMID: 33185829 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-020-05993-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endosomes and lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles crucial for the normal functioning of the eukaryotic cell. The primary function of endosomes relates to the transportation of extracellular material into the intracellular domain. Lysosomes, on the other hand, are primarily involved in the degradation of macromolecules. Endosomes and lysosomes interact through two distinct pathways: kiss-and-run and direct fusion. In addition to the internalization of particles, endosomes also play an important role in cell signaling and autophagy. Disruptions in either of these processes may contribute to cancer development. Lysosomal proteins, such as cathepsins, can play a role in both tumorigenesis and cancer cell apoptosis. Since endosomal and lysosomal biogenesis and signaling are important components of normal cellular growth and proliferation, proteins involved in these processes are attractive targets for cancer research and, potentially, therapeutics. This literature review provides an overview of the endocytic pathway, endolysosome formation, and the interplay between endosomal/lysosomal biogenesis and carcinogenesis.
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Ding L, Houben T, Oligschlaeger Y, Bitorina AV, Verwer BJ, Tushuizen ME, Shiri-Sverdlov R. Plasma Cathepsin D Activity Rather Than Levels Correlates With Metabolic Parameters of Type 2 Diabetes in Male Individuals. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:575070. [PMID: 33101209 PMCID: PMC7554511 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.575070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Type 2 diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance. Previous studies in patients demonstrated that plasma levels of cathepsin D (CTSD), which is optimally active in the acidic environment of lysosomes, correlate with insulin resistance. As plasma pH is slightly reduced in type 2 diabetic patients and we have previously shown that plasma CTSD activity is causally linked to insulin levels in vivo, it is likely that the activity of CTSD in plasma will be increased in type 2 diabetes compared to healthy individuals. However, so far the interaction between CTSD activity and levels to postprandial metabolic derangements in type 2 diabetes is not known. Methods Eighteen type 2 diabetes and 16 age-matched healthy males were given 2 consecutive standardized mixed meals, after which blood samples were collected. Plasma metabolic parameters as well as CTSD levels and activity were measured, and changes in plasma pH was assessed. Results In line with the elevation of plasma free fatty acids (FFA) levels in male type 2 diabetics patients, plasma pH in type 2 diabetic individuals was decreased compared to male healthy individuals. While plasma CTSD levels were similar, plasma CTSD activity was increased in male type 2 diabetic compared to male healthy individuals. Besides, plasma CTSD activity rather than levels significantly correlated with indicators of type 2 diabetes (HbA1c, HOMA-IR and glucose). Furthermore, FFA was also independently associated with plasma CTSD activity (standardized β = 0.493, p = 0.007). Conclusions Despite similar plasma CTSD levels, type 2 diabetic male individuals showed increased plasma CTSD activity compared to healthy males, which was independently linked to plasma FFA levels. Our data therefore point toward plasma CTSD as a metabolic regulator in male type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Ding
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht Universtiy, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Tom Houben
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht Universtiy, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne Oligschlaeger
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht Universtiy, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Albert V. Bitorina
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht Universtiy, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Bart J. Verwer
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Maarten E. Tushuizen
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ronit Shiri-Sverdlov
- Department of Molecular Genetics, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht Universtiy, Maastricht, Netherlands
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