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Mudaliar SB, Poojary SS, Bharath Prasad AS, Mazumder N. Probiotics and Paraprobiotics: Effects on Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis and Their Consequent Potential in Neuropsychiatric Therapy. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2024; 16:1440-1464. [PMID: 38294675 PMCID: PMC11322360 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-024-10214-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
Neuropsychiatric disorders are clinical conditions that affect cognitive function and emotional stability, often resulting from damage or disease in the central nervous system (CNS). These disorders are a worldwide concern, impacting approximately 12.5% of the global population. The gut microbiota has been linked to neurological development and function, implicating its involvement in neuropsychiatric conditions. Due to their interaction with gut microbial communities, probiotics offer a natural alternative to traditional treatments such as therapeutic drugs and interventions for alleviating neuropsychiatric symptoms. Introduced by Metchnikoff in the early 1900s, probiotics are live microorganisms that provide various health benefits, including improved digestion, enhanced sleep quality, and reduced mental problems. However, concerns about their safety, particularly in immunocompromised patients, warrant further investigation; this has led to the concept of "paraprobiotics", inactivated forms of beneficial microorganisms that offer a safer alternative. This review begins by exploring different methods of inactivation, each targeting specific cellular components like DNA or proteins. The choice of inactivation method is crucial, as the health benefits may vary depending on the conditions employed for inactivation. The subsequent sections focus on the potential mechanisms of action and specific applications of probiotics and paraprobiotics in neuropsychiatric therapy. Probiotics and paraprobiotics interact with gut microbes, modulating the gut microbial composition and alleviating gut dysbiosis. The resulting neuropsychiatric benefits primarily stem from the gut-brain axis, a bidirectional communication channel involving various pathways discussed in the review. While further research is needed, probiotics and paraprobiotics are promising therapeutic agents for the management of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samriti Balaji Mudaliar
- Department of Public Health & Genomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Sumith Sundara Poojary
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Alevoor Srinivas Bharath Prasad
- Department of Public Health & Genomics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
| | - Nirmal Mazumder
- Department of Biophysics, Manipal School of Life Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Yang H, Lin Y, Ma Y, Li J, Li J, Huo Z, Yang P, Zhang C. Screening Probiotics for Anti- Helicobacter pylori and Investigating the Effect of Probiotics on Patients with Helicobacter pylori Infection. Foods 2024; 13:1851. [PMID: 38928794 PMCID: PMC11202727 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2024] [Revised: 05/21/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Probiotics are natural microbial agents with beneficial properties such as bacteriostatic and anti-infective properties. Lactobacillus plantarum Q21, Q25 and QA85, were isolated from the Chinese specialty fermented food "Jiangshui" and proved to be highly resistant to Helicobacter pylori (p < 0.0001). In vitro results showed that Q21, Q25 and QA85 strongly inhibited H. pylori and could specifically co-aggregate H. pylori in vitro (more than 56%). Strains have the potential to adhere to cells and hinder H. pylori colonization (p < 0.0001). To assess the anti-H. pylori efficacy of strains in vivo, volunteers were recruited and a self-controlled study of probiotic intervention was conducted. Compared to pre-probiotics, volunteers who took Q21, Q25 and QA85 for 1 month showed significant improvement in discomfort, a significant reduction in GSRS scores (p < 0.05), and modulation of inflammatory response (p < 0.05). Q21, Q25 and QA85 resulted in a decreasing trend of H. pylori load in volunteers (454.30 ± 327.00 vs. 328.35 ± 237.19, p = 0.06). However, the strains were not significantly effective in modulating the imbalance of the gut microbiota caused by H. pylori infection. In addition, strains affect metabolic pathways by increasing the levels of O-Phosphoethanolamine and other related metabolites, which may ameliorate associated symptoms. Therefore, Lactobacillus plantarum Q21, Q25 and QA85 can be regarded as a candidate probiotic preparation that exerts direct or indirect anti-H. pylori effects by inhibiting H. pylori activity and colonization, reducing inflammation and discomfort, maintaining homeostasis in the internal environment, affecting the metabolic pathways and repairing the body barrier. They can play a role in relieving H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yang Lin
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yuchan Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jiaru Li
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Junxiang Li
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zeqi Huo
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Pingrong Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chunjiang Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
- Gansu Key Laboratory of Biomonitoring and Bioremediation for Environmental Pollution, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Adnane M, Whiston R, Tasara T, Bleul U, Chapwanya A. Harnessing Vaginal Probiotics for Enhanced Management of Uterine Disease and Reproductive Performance in Dairy Cows: A Conceptual Review. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1073. [PMID: 38612312 PMCID: PMC11011061 DOI: 10.3390/ani14071073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Uterine disease in cattle impairs reproductive performance and profitability and increases antibiotic use and antimicrobial resistance. Thus, probiotics offer a promising alternative therapy. This review presents conceptual findings on the efficacy of probiotics in managing uterine diseases and fertility in cows. Probiotics containing Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. individually or as composite formulations are known to improve fertility. Strategic intravaginal administration of these formulations would likely enhance uterine immunity, particularly during the postpartum period. While current findings on the benefits to uterine health are encouraging, there is still significant knowledge missing, including a lack of empirical information from large-scale field trials. This review underscores the need for evidence-based guidelines for probiotics, such as genomic selection of formulations, targeted delivery, or potential synergy with other interventions. Future research should address these gaps to maximize the potential of probiotics in managing uterine diseases and enhancing the reproductive health of dairy cattle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mounir Adnane
- Department of Biomedicine, Institute of Veterinary Sciences, University Ibn Khaldoun of Tiaret, Tiaret 14000, Algeria
- USDA, Faculty Exchange Program Fellow, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Ronan Whiston
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre 00265, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (R.W.); (A.C.)
| | - Taurai Tasara
- Institute for Food Safety and Hygiene, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Ulrich Bleul
- Department of Farm Animals, Clinic of Reproductive Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland;
| | - Aspinas Chapwanya
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, Basseterre 00265, Saint Kitts and Nevis; (R.W.); (A.C.)
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Yao G, Fan X, Lu D. Efficacy and safety of probiotic-supplemented bismuth quadruple therapy for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Int Med Res 2023; 51:3000605231203841. [PMID: 37848344 PMCID: PMC10586011 DOI: 10.1177/03000605231203841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We performed a meta-analysis to determine whether the addition of probiotics to the bismuth quadruple therapy (BQT) for Helicobacter pylori would improve the incidence of eradication and reduce that of side effects. METHODS Randomized controlled trials matching the inclusion criteria were collected from PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and The Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. A Mantel-Haenszel random-effects model was used to calculate pooled risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for the incidences of eradication rate, side effects as a whole, diarrhea, and other side effects. RESULTS Ten studies were selected for inclusion in the meta-analysis. The pooled RRs for the eradication rates in intention-to-treat and per-protocol analyses of the probiotic group vs. the control group were 1.07 (95% CI: 1.02-1.11) and 1.04 (95% CI: 1.00-1.07), respectively. Probiotic supplementation reduced the incidences of side effects (RR 0.58, 95% CI: 0.37-0.91), diarrhea (RR 0.41, 95% CI: 0.25-0.67), and bitter taste (RR 0.63, 95% CI: 0.40-0.99). CONCLUSIONS The results of this meta-analysis support the use of probiotics in combination with BQT in the clinical management of patients with H. pylori infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaoyan Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Dewen Lu
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated People’s Hospital of Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
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Mokhtarian Asl R, Nobakht A, Palangi V, Maggiolino A, Centoducati G. The Effect of Using Bovine Colostrum and Probiotics on Performance, Egg Traits, Blood Biochemical and Antioxidant Status of Laying Japanese Quails. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2166. [PMID: 37443962 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/09/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The present paper aims to evaluate the effect of different levels of bovine colostrum and probiotic dietary supplementation on egg production performance, egg traits, carcass characteristics, blood biochemistry and antioxidant status of laying Japanese quails. For the trial, 240 laying quails, aged between 24 weeks and 30 weeks, were involved in a 3 × 2 factorial experimental design, with 3 levels of bovine fresh colostrum (0, 2, and 4 percent of the total ratio) and 2 levels of probiotics (0 and 0.01 percent of the total ratio) administration. The colostrum supplementation improved the egg production performance, egg traits, carcass characteristics, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant status (p < 0.01). Probiotics used without colostrum did not affect the investigated traits of laying Japanese quails (p > 0.05), but a synergistic effect was observed when combined with colostrum. The overall results recommended that using 4% of bovine colostrum in laying Japanese quails, with the addition of 0.01% of probiotic feed additive results in positive effects on egg production performance, egg traits, carcass characteristics, blood biochemistry, and antioxidant status of laying Japanese quails in the late laying period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mokhtarian Asl
- Department of Animal Science, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh 55, Iran
| | - Ali Nobakht
- Department of Animal Science, Maragheh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Maragheh 55, Iran
| | - Valiollah Palangi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Ege University, Izmir 35100, Türkiye
| | - Aristide Maggiolino
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
| | - Gerardo Centoducati
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Bari A. Moro, 70010 Valenzano, Italy
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Saha UB, Saroj SD. Lactic acid bacteria: prominent player in the fight against human pathogens. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2022; 20:1435-1453. [PMID: 36154442 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2022.2128765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The human microbiome is a unique repository of diverse bacteria. Over 1000 microbial species reside in the human gut, which predominantly influences the host's internal environment and plays a significant role in host health. Lactic acid bacteria have long been employed for multiple purposes, ranging from food to medicines. Lactobacilli, which are often used in commercial food fermentation, have improved to the point that they might be helpful in medical applications. AREAS COVERED This review summarises various clinical and experimental evidence on efficacy of lactobacilli in treating a wide range of infections. Both laboratory based and clinical studies have been discussed. EXPERT OPINION Lactobacilli are widely accepted as safe biological treatments and host immune modulators (GRAS- Generally regarded as safe) by the US Food and Drug Administration and Qualified Presumption of Safety. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of lactobacilli in the treatment and pathogenicity of bacterial infections can help with the prediction and development of innovative therapeutics aimed at pathogens which have gained resistance to antimicrobials. To formulate effective lactobacilli based therapy significant research on the effectiveness of different lactobacilli strains and its association with demographic distribution is required. Also, the side effects of such therapy needs to be evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ujjayni B Saha
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Knowledge Village, Lavale, Pune, India
| | - Sunil D Saroj
- Symbiosis School of Biological Sciences, Symbiosis International (Deemed University), Symbiosis Knowledge Village, Lavale, Pune, India
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Chen X, Wang N, Wang J, Liao B, Cheng L, Ren B. The interactions between oral-gut axis microbiota and Helicobacter pylori. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:914418. [PMID: 35992177 PMCID: PMC9381925 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.914418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the human body, each microbial habitat exhibits a different microbial population pattern, and these distinctive microflorae are highly related to the development of diseases. The microbial interactions from host different niches are becoming crucial regulators to shape the microbiota and their physiological or pathological functions. The oral cavity and gut are the most complex and interdependent microbial habitats. Helicobacter pylori is one of the most important pathogens from digestive tract, especially the stomach, due to its direct relationships with many gastric diseases including gastric cancer. H. pylori infections can destroy the normal gastric environment and make the stomach a livable channel to enhance the microbial interactions between oral cavity and gut, thus reshaping the oral and gut microbiomes. H. pylori can be also detected in the oral and gut, while the interaction between the oral-gut axis microbiota and H. pylori plays a major role in H. pylori’s colonization, infection, and pathogenicity. Both the infection and eradication of H. pylori and its interaction with oral-gut axis microbiota can alter the balance of the microecology of the oral-gut axis, which can affect the occurrence and progress of related diseases. The shift of oral-gut axis microbiota and their interactions with H. pylori maybe potential targets for H. pylori infectious diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Nanxi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiannan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binyou Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Cheng, ; Biao Ren,
| | - Biao Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & West China School of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- *Correspondence: Lei Cheng, ; Biao Ren,
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Yang L, Chen Y, Bai Q, Chen X, Shao Y, Wang R, He F, Deng G. Protective Effect of Bifidobacterium lactis JYBR-190 on Intestinal Mucosal Damage in Chicks Infected With Salmonella pullorum. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:879805. [PMID: 35692296 PMCID: PMC9184800 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.879805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pullorum is one of the most serious diseases that endanger the chicken industry. With the advent of the era of anti-antibiotics in feed, the replacement of antibiotics by probiotics has become the focus and hotspot of related research. In this study, hematoxylin-eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to observe the structural changes of intestinal mucosa in chicks infected with Salmonella pullorum, and to analyze TNF-α, IL-10, IFN-γ, proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), and secreted immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels. The results showed that the intestinal villus height, villus height to crypt depth ratio (V/C), and muscle layer thickness of duodenum, jejunum and cecum in the JYBR-190 group were significantly higher than those of the infection group and antibiotic group. Furthermore, the levels of PCNA, sIgA and IL-10 in JYBR-190 group were significantly increased, whereas the expression of TNF-α and IFN-γ was significantly decreased. Taken together, Bifidobacterium lactis JYBR-190 has a protective effect on intestinal mucosal damage in chicks infected with Salmonella pullorum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangyu Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yuanhong Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Qian Bai
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Yunteng Shao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Ronghai Wang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
| | - Fengping He
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming, China
- *Correspondence: Fengping He
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Ganzhen Deng
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Guo X, Yang X, Li Q, Shen X, Zhong H, Yang Y. The Microbiota in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: An Update on the Potential Function of Probiotics. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:759095. [PMID: 34887760 PMCID: PMC8650621 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.759095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a kind of chronic diffuse connective tissue illness characterized by multisystem and multiorgan involvement, repeated recurrence and remission, and the presence of a large pool of autoantibodies in the body. Although the exact cause of SLE is not thoroughly revealed, accumulating evidence has manifested that intake of probiotics alters the composition of the gut microbiome, regulating the immunomodulatory and inflammatory response, which may be linked to the disease pathogenesis. Particularly, documented experiments demonstrated that SLE patients have remarkable changes in gut microbiota compared to healthy controls, indicating that the alteration of microbiota may be implicated in different phases of SLE. In this review, the alteration of microbiota in the development of SLE is summarized, and the mechanism of intestinal microbiota on the progression of immune and inflammatory responses in SLE is also discussed. Due to limited reports on the effects of probiotics supplementation in SLE patients, we emphasize advancements made in the last few years on the function and mechanisms of probiotics in the development of SLE animal models. Besides, we follow through literature to survey whether probiotics supplements can be an adjuvant therapy for comprehensive treatment of SLE. Research has indicated that intake of probiotics alters the composition of the gut microbiome, contributing to prevent the progression of SLE. Adjustment of the gut microbiome through probiotics supplementation seems to alleviate SLE symptoms and their cardiovascular and renal complications in animal models, marking this treatment as a potentially novel approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xirui Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Chengdu Second People's Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuerong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Xiaoyan Shen
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Huiyun Zhong
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Vocational College of Health and Rehabilitation, Zigong, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The First People's Hospital of Zigong, Zigong, China
| | - Yong Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, School of Medicine, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
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Tajdozian H, Seo H, Kim S, Rahim MA, Lee S, Song HY. Efficacy of Lactobacillus fermentum Isolated from the Vagina of a Healthy Woman against Carbapenem-Resistant Klebsiella Infections In Vivo. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 31:1383-1392. [PMID: 34489374 PMCID: PMC9705860 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2103.03014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) that produce Klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase are increasingly reported worldwide and have become more and more resistant to nearly all antibiotics during the past decade. The emergence of K. pneumoniae strains with decreased susceptibility to carbapenems, which are used as a last resort treatment option, is a significant threat to hospitalized patients worldwide as K. pneumoniae infection is responsible for a high mortality rate in the elderly and immunodeficient individuals. This study used Lactobacillus fermentum as a candidate probiotic for treating CRE-related infections and investigated its effectiveness. We treated mice with L. fermentum originating from the vaginal fluid of a healthy Korean woman and evaluated the Lactobacilli's efficacy in preventive, treatment, non-establishment, and colonization mouse model experiments. Compared to the control, pre-treatment with L. fermentum significantly reduced body weight loss in the mouse models, and all mice survived until the end of the study. The oral administration of L. fermentum after carbapenemresistant Klebsiella (CRK) infection decreased mortality and illness severity during a 2-week observation period and showed that it affects other strains of CRK bacteria. Also, the number of Klebsiella bacteria was decreased to below 5.5 log10 CFU/ml following oral administration of L. fermentum in the colonization model. These findings demonstrate L. fermentum's antibacterial activity and its potential to treat CRE infection in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Tajdozian
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea,Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Chungnam, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Hoonhee Seo
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Chungnam, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Sukyung Kim
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Chungnam, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Abdur Rahim
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea,Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Chungnam, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Saebim Lee
- Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Chungnam, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea
| | - Ho-Yeon Song
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Medicine, Soonchunhyang University, Chungnam, Cheonan 31151, Republic of Korea,Probiotics Microbiome Convergence Center, Chungnam, Asan 31538, Republic of Korea,Corresponding author Phone: +82-41-570-2412 Fax: +82-41-570-2412 E-mail:
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Alagiakrishnan K, Halverson T. Microbial Therapeutics in Neurocognitive and Psychiatric Disorders. J Clin Med Res 2021; 13:439-459. [PMID: 34691318 PMCID: PMC8510649 DOI: 10.14740/jocmr4575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Microbial therapeutics, which include gut biotics and fecal transplantation, are interventions designed to improve the gut microbiome. Gut biotics can be considered as the administration of direct microbial populations. The delivery of this can be done through live microbial flora, certain food like fiber, microbial products (metabolites and elements) obtained through the fermentation of food products, or as genetically engineered substances, that may have therapeutic benefit on different health disorders. Dietary intervention and pharmacological supplements with gut biotics aim at correcting disruption of the gut microbiota by repopulating with beneficial microorganism leading to decrease in gut permeability, inflammation, and alteration in metabolic activities, through a variety of mechanisms of action. Our understanding of the pharmacokinetics of microbial therapeutics has improved with in vitro models, sampling techniques in the gut, and tools for the reliable identification of gut biotics. Evidence from human studies points out that prebiotics, probiotics and synbiotics have the potential for treating and preventing mental health disorders, whereas with paraprobiotics, proteobiotics and postbiotics, the research is limited at this point. Some animal studies point out that gut biotics can be used with conventional treatments for a synergistic effect on mental health disorders. If future research shows that there is a possibility of synergistic effect of psychotropic medications with gut biotics, then a gut biotic or nutritional prescription can be given along with psychotropics. Even though the overall safety of gut biotics seems to be good, caution is needed to watch for any known and unknown side effects as well as the need for risk benefit analysis with certain vulnerable populations. Future research is needed before wide spread use of natural and genetically engineered gut biotics. Regulatory framework for gut biotics needs to be optimized. Holistic understanding of gut dysbiosis, along with life style factors, by health care providers is necessary for the better management of these conditions. In conclusion, microbial therapeutics are a new psychotherapeutic approach which offer some hope in certain conditions like dementia and depression. Future of microbial therapeutics will be driven by well-done randomized controlled trials and longitudinal research, as well as by replication studies in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kannayiram Alagiakrishnan
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Tyler Halverson
- Division of Psychiatry, Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Smoak P, Harman N, Flores V, Kisiolek J, Pullen NA, Lisano J, Hayward R, Stewart LK. Kefir Is a Viable Exercise Recovery Beverage for Cancer Survivors Enrolled in a Structured Exercise Program. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2045-2053. [PMID: 34519716 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effects of 12 wk of postexercise kefir consumption in cancer survivors who have undergone chemotherapy and/or radiation therapy. METHODS All participants were enrolled in a structured exercise training program and separated into kefir (KEF) or control (CON) treatment groups. KEF consumed 8 oz. of kefir after exercise sessions (3 d·wk-1) for 12 wk. Outcome measures included assessments for body size and composition, aerobic fitness and muscular strength, medical history, and psychological state at pre- and postintervention time points. Blood was collected and analyzed for C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL-6), and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) concentrations, and LPS-stimulated whole blood IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor α production were obtained using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays at both time points. Monocyte numbers and phenotype were obtained using flow cytometry. RESULTS Participants (N = 24; 9 males and 15 females) were an average of 61 ± 9.9 yr old. Kefir consumption was associated with 6.3% (P = 0.034) improvements in lean body mass, as well as 51.4% (P = 0.046), 39.3% (P = 0.017), and 64.7% (P = 0.021) improvements in measures of depression, fatigue, and gastric distress, respectively. KEF also experienced a significant 35.4% (P = 0.01) reduction in circulating LPS along with an 18.0% increase (P < 0.001) in classical monocytes % and a 22.3% decrease (P = 0.04) in nonclassical monocytes %. There were no significant changes in any other variables. CONCLUSION Twelve weeks of kefir consumption improved lean body mass, depression, fatigue, gastric distress, and a biomarker of gut dysbiosis. Kefir improved overall and classical monocyte numbers. Kefir should be considered as a component of a postexercise dietary regimen for cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Smoak
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO
| | | | - Victoria Flores
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO
| | - Jacob Kisiolek
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO
| | - Nicholas A Pullen
- School of Biological Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO
| | - Jonathan Lisano
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO
| | | | - Laura K Stewart
- School of Sport and Exercise Science, University of Northern Colorado, Greeley, CO
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Yakovenko EP, Strokova TV, Iakovenko AV, Ivanov AN, Soluyanova IP, Vasilyev NN. A prospective randomized comparative study of the efficacy and safety of a two-week bismuth-based quadrotherapy of Helicobacter pylori infection with the inclusion of the probiotic containing Bifidobacterium longum BB-46 and Enterococcus faecium ENCfa-68 . TERAPEVT ARKH 2021; 93:916-922. [DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2021.08.200996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aim. To study the efficacy and safety of a two-week bismuth-based quadruple of Helicobacter pylori (Hp) infection with the inclusion of a probiotic Bifiform.
Materials and methods. An open prospective comparative randomized study included 68 Hp-positive patients: 22 with a confirmed diagnosis of peptic ulcer disease, 46 with chronic gastritis, gastroduodenitis and erosions in the pylorobulbar zone. The diagnosis and Hp infection were verified by the results of endoscopic and morphological studies, as well as using the 13C-urease breath test and determination of the Hp antigen in the feces. Depending on the therapy, the patients were randomized into 2 groups: the main group was taken 2 times a day for 14 days omeprazole 20 mg + amoxicillin 1000 mg + clarithromycin 500 mg + bismuth tripotassium dicitrate 240 mg + Bifiform 2 capsules 2 times a day; control similar therapy was carried out, but without the inclusion of Bifiform. Repeated testing for Нр was carried out one month after the termination of the course of treatment.
Results. When using bismuth-containing quadruple, a high frequency of Hp eradication was noted, which in the ITT analysis was 86.1 and 68.8% (p0.05) and in the PP analysis it was 93.9 and 95.7% (p0.05) in patients of the main and control groups, respectively. Side effects of drug therapy were detected in 16.7 and 43.8% (p0.05), which was the reason for the early termination of therapy as a result of their development in 5.6 and 28% (p0.05) in patients of the main and control groups, respectively. The inclusion of the probiotic Bifiform in the eradication triple therapy of Hp infection reduced the frequency of detection of colonic dysbiosis from 27.8 to 3.6% and had a positive effect on the indices of local immunity (increased content of plasma cells in the inflammatory infiltrate and a stable level of secretory immunoglobulin A in coprofiltrate).
Conclusion. A prospective, comparative, randomized study has shown that when using a two-week bismuth-based quadruple the eradication rate exceeds 90%. The inclusion of Bifiform in the eradication scheme dramatically reduces the frequency of adverse events and increases patient compliance, and also maintains the protective factors of the gastrointestinal mucosa at a higher level.
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Stressmann FA, Bernal-Bayard J, Perez-Pascual D, Audrain B, Rendueles O, Briolat V, Bruchmann S, Volant S, Ghozlane A, Häussler S, Duchaud E, Levraud JP, Ghigo JM. Mining zebrafish microbiota reveals key community-level resistance against fish pathogen infection. ISME JOURNAL 2020; 15:702-719. [PMID: 33077888 DOI: 10.1038/s41396-020-00807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The long-known resistance to pathogens provided by host-associated microbiota fostered the notion that adding protective bacteria could prevent or attenuate infection. However, the identification of endogenous or exogenous bacteria conferring such protection is often hindered by the complexity of host microbial communities. Here, we used zebrafish and the fish pathogen Flavobacterium columnare as a model system to study the determinants of microbiota-associated colonization resistance. We compared infection susceptibility in germ-free, conventional and reconventionalized larvae and showed that a consortium of 10 culturable bacterial species are sufficient to protect zebrafish. Whereas survival to F. columnare infection does not rely on host innate immunity, we used antibiotic dysbiosis to alter zebrafish microbiota composition, leading to the identification of two different protection strategies. We first identified that the bacterium Chryseobacterium massiliae individually protects both larvae and adult zebrafish. We also showed that an assembly of 9 endogenous zebrafish species that do not otherwise protect individually confer a community-level resistance to infection. Our study therefore provides a rational approach to identify key endogenous protecting bacteria and promising candidates to engineer resilient microbial communities. It also shows how direct experimental analysis of colonization resistance in low-complexity in vivo models can reveal unsuspected ecological strategies at play in microbiota-based protection against pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska A Stressmann
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS2001, 75015, Paris, France.,Department of Chemical Analytics and Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Müggelseedamm 310, 12587, Berlin, Germany
| | - Joaquín Bernal-Bayard
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS2001, 75015, Paris, France.,Departamento de Genética, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Apartado 1095, 41080, Sevilla, Spain
| | - David Perez-Pascual
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS2001, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Bianca Audrain
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS2001, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Olaya Rendueles
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS2001, 75015, Paris, France.,Microbial Evolutionary Genomics Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR3525, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Briolat
- Macrophages and Development of Immunity Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR3738 CNRS, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Sebastian Bruchmann
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge, CB3 0ES, UK
| | - Stevenn Volant
- Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Département Biologie Computationnelle, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Amine Ghozlane
- Hub de Bioinformatique et Biostatistique - Département Biologie Computationnelle, Institut Pasteur, USR 3756 CNRS, Paris, France
| | - Susanne Häussler
- Department of Molecular Bacteriology, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany.,Department of Clinical Microbiology, Rigshospitalet, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Eric Duchaud
- Unité VIM, INRAE, Université Paris-Saclay, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Levraud
- Macrophages and Development of Immunity Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR3738 CNRS, 75015, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marc Ghigo
- Genetics of Biofilms Laboratory, Institut Pasteur, UMR CNRS2001, 75015, Paris, France.
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15
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Ashour DS, Othman AA. Parasite-bacteria interrelationship. Parasitol Res 2020; 119:3145-3164. [PMID: 32748037 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06804-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Parasites and bacteria have co-evolved with humankind, and they interact all the time in a myriad of ways. For example, some bacterial infections result from parasite-dwelling bacteria as in the case of Salmonella infection during schistosomiasis. Other bacteria synergize with parasites in the evolution of human disease as in the case of the interplay between Wolbachia endosymbiont bacteria and filarial nematodes as well as the interaction between Gram-negative bacteria and Schistosoma haematobium in the pathogenesis of urinary bladder cancer. Moreover, secondary bacterial infections may complicate several parasitic diseases such as visceral leishmaniasis and malaria, due to immunosuppression of the host during parasitic infections. Also, bacteria may colonize the parasitic lesions; for example, hydatid cysts and skin lesions of ectoparasites. Remarkably, some parasitic helminths and arthropods exhibit antibacterial activity usually by the release of specific antimicrobial products. Lastly, some parasite-bacteria interactions are induced as when using probiotic bacteria to modulate the outcome of a variety of parasitic infections. In sum, parasite-bacteria interactions involve intricate processes that never cease to intrigue the researchers. However, understanding and exploiting these interactions could have prophylactic and curative potential for infections by both types of pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dalia S Ashour
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt.
| | - Ahmad A Othman
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, 31527, Egypt
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Wang Y, Yan X, Han D, Liu Y, Song W, Tong T, Ma Y. Lactobacillus casei DBN023 protects against jejunal mucosal injury in chicks infected with Salmonella pullorum CMCC-533. Res Vet Sci 2019; 127:33-41. [PMID: 31677414 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pullorum disease is one of the most serious poultry diseases. Antibiotic prophylaxis is commonly applied in actual production, but the emergence of drug-resistant strains and drug residues threatens the health of animals and humans. The use of probiotics has become a potential solution for the aforementioned problem. In this study, we investigated the effects of Lactobacillus casei DBN023 (CGMCC-16146) on the intestinal tissue structure and immune functions of the jejunal epithelium in chicks infected with Salmonella pullorum CMCC-533 using histomorphological and immunological methods. A total of 450 newborn chicks were randomly divided into the control group and experimental groups. We used hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, immunohistochemistry (IHC), and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) to observe the structure of the jejunal mucosa and analyze changes in cytokine and secretory immunoglobulin A (sIgA) levels. The results showed that prophylactic feeding of L. casei DBN023 to chicks significantly increased their jejunum villar height, villar height-to-crypt-depth (V/C) ratio, and muscle thickness; reduced intestinal-crypt depth; and increased the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) level compared with S. pullorum infection. L. casei DBN023 enhances intestinal mucosal immunity, regulates cytokine balance, enhances intestinal immune function, and effectively reduces intestinal inflammation. Thus, it protects intestinal tissues and reduces S. pullorum CMCC-533 damage to the intestinal tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Wang
- School of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Xue Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Direct-Fed Microbial Engineering, Beijing DaBeiNong Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd. (DBN), Beijing 100192, China
| | - Deping Han
- School of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuanyuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Direct-Fed Microbial Engineering, Beijing DaBeiNong Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd. (DBN), Beijing 100192, China
| | - Weiping Song
- State Key Laboratory of Direct-Fed Microbial Engineering, Beijing DaBeiNong Science and Technology Group Co., Ltd. (DBN), Beijing 100192, China
| | - Tianqi Tong
- School of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunfei Ma
- School of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China.
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17
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Ljungquist O, Kampmann C, Resman F, Riesbeck K, Tham J. Probiotics for intestinal decolonization of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Clin Microbiol Infect 2019; 26:456-462. [PMID: 31494254 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2019.08.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 08/25/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Infections with extended spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Enterobacteriaceae (EPE) are a major healthcare concern. Our goal was to investigate whether a probiotic mixture could be used for eradication therapy in patients with prolonged intestinal EPE carriage. METHODS We performed a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded clinical superiority trial in the south of Sweden between February 2017 and April 2019. Probiotic Vivomixx®, a mixture of 8 different living bacterial strains or placebo was given to adult outpatients intestinally colonized for at least 3 months with EPE. Patients with suspected active infections at the time of evaluation were excluded, and also those with immunosuppression, severe psychiatric disorder, drug abuse or dementia. Each patient in the probiotic arm was administered 2 sachets (9.0 × 1011 live bacteria) twice daily for 2 months. The primary outcome was intestinal EPE eradication at the end of the 1-year follow-up, as shown by 3 consecutive negative EPE rectal swabs during the follow-up year. The per protocol follow-up for all patients was 1, 3, 6 and 12 months after the initiation of the intervention. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03860415. RESULTS In total, the target size of 80 patients were included. The median age was 68 years in both groups. The number of females in the probiotics group was 23 (58%) and in the placebo group 28 (70%). At the end of the trial, 12.5% (5 out of 40) of the patients in the probiotic group had achieved successful eradication of EPE, as defined by the primary outcome, in the intention to treat analysis. In the placebo group, 5% (2 out of 40) of the patients had achieved successful eradication of EPE (odds ratio 2.71; 95% confidence interval (CI), 0.49-14.9; p 0.24). CONCLUSIONS Successful EPE eradication was observed in very few individuals. This trial did not support Vivomixx® as being superior to placebo for intestinal decolonization in adult patients with chronic colonization of EPE, but was limited in power.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Ljungquist
- Clinical Microbiology and Clinical Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden; Department of Infectious Disease, Helsingborg's Hospital, Helsingborg, Region Skåne, Sweden.
| | - C Kampmann
- Department of Medical Sciences, Clinical Microbiology, Uppsala University, Sweden; Department of Infectious Disease, SUS Lund, Region Skåne, Sweden
| | - F Resman
- Clinical Microbiology and Clinical Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - K Riesbeck
- Clinical Microbiology and Clinical Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
| | - J Tham
- Clinical Microbiology and Clinical Infection Medicine, Department of Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Malmö, Sweden
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Yoon JY, Cha JM, Hong SS, Kim HK, Kwak MS, Jeon JW, Shin HP. Fermented milk containing Lactobacillus paracasei and Glycyrrhiza glabra has a beneficial effect in patients with Helicobacter pylori infection: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e16601. [PMID: 31464895 PMCID: PMC6736393 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000016601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lactobacillus paracasei and Glycyrrhiza glabra have been reported as having beneficial effects on Helicobacter pylori infection. We aimed to assess the efficacy and safety of fermented milk containing L paracasei HP7 and G glabra in patients with H pylori infection. METHODS This multicenter, prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted in 2 hospitals from April to December 2017. Patients with H pylori infection were randomized into either the treatment group (fermented milk with L paracasei HP7 and G glabra) or placebo group (fermented milk only) once daily for 8 weeks. The primary endpoint was the gastric load of H pylori measured by C-urea breath test (UBT). Secondary endpoints were histologic and clinical improvement. RESULTS A total of 142 patients were randomly allocated to the treatment (n = 71) or placebo groups (n = 71). Compared to baseline data, the quantitative value of C-UBT at 8 weeks was significantly reduced in the treatment group (from 20.8 ± 13.2% to 16.9 ± 10.8%, P = .035), but not in the placebo group (P = .130). Chronic inflammation improved significantly only in the treatment group (P = .013), whereas the neutrophil activity deteriorated significantly only in the placebo group (P = .003). Moreover, the treatment group had significant improvement in gastrointestinal symptoms (P = .049) and quality of life (P = .029). No serious adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION The combination of fermented milk containing L paracasei and G glabra reduced H pylori density and improved histologic inflammation. However, their mechanisms of action should be elucidated in further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Young Yoon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gang Dong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine
| | - Jae Myung Cha
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gang Dong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine
| | | | - Hyung Kyung Kim
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Min Seob Kwak
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gang Dong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine
| | - Jung Won Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gang Dong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine
| | - Hyun Phil Shin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gang Dong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine
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Balan P, Sik-Han K, Moughan PJ. Impact of oral immunoglobulins on animal health-A review. Anim Sci J 2019; 90:1099-1110. [PMID: 31270894 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Immunoglobulin (Ig) is the one of the main anti-infective components of blood, colostrum and breast milk. It is the unique glycoprotein that defends the body from harmful bacteria, viruses and other environmental pathogens by either binding to them or by forming an encapsulating barrier. The expansion of antimicrobial and immunomodulatory products from natural sources for dietary supplementation in both animals and humans is an ever growing and thriving area of research. Purified Ig from sheep serum (ovine serum Ig) is one such candidate product. Recent work has shown the various biological effects of oral Ig in different animal models including its effect on growth, immunity, intestinal growth and gut barrier function. The objective of this paper is to review the results of recent studies demonstrating the effects of oral Ig in both pathogenic and non-pathogenic animal models and to suggest a possible mechanism of its action. Overall, purified oral Ig improves growth of healthy (and challenged) rats and defends against enteric infection by immunomodulation, mucin protein and/or modification of commensal microbial composition. The findings contribute to knowledge of how orally administered ovine Ig can influence and enhance key indicators of gut function and overall growth performance in an animal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prabhu Balan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Alpha-Massey Natural Nutraceutical Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
| | - Kyoung Sik-Han
- Department of Animal Resource, Sahmyook University, Nowon-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - Paul J Moughan
- Riddet Institute, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.,Alpha-Massey Natural Nutraceutical Research Centre, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand
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Yousefi B, Eslami M, Ghasemian A, Kokhaei P, Sadeghnejhad A. Probiotics can really cure an autoimmune disease? GENE REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2019.100364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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21
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Liu J, Gu Z, Zhang H, Zhao J, Chen W. Preventive effects of Lactobacillus plantarum ST-III against Salmonella infection. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2019.02.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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22
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Chakravarty K, Gaur S. Role of Probiotics in Prophylaxis of Helicobacter pylori Infection. Curr Pharm Biotechnol 2019; 20:137-145. [DOI: 10.2174/1389201020666190227203107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori, a pathogenic bacterium, has been known to be the root cause of numerous gastrointestinal disorders. In patients showing symptoms of its infection, antibiotic therapy is a likely treatment. However, the high cost of antibiotic therapy, associated antibiotic resistance along with other adverse effects has led to the use of probiotics for Helicobacter pylori treatment. In recent times, probiotics have played an essential role as complementary prophylaxis for gastrointestinal diseases, thus minimizing antibiotics’ usage and their side effects. Probiotics are live microbial agents that exude beneficial effects on their hosts when administered in the proper dosage. The growth of the organism has been reported to be inhibited to a great extent by probiotics and research employing animal models has shown a significant reduction in H. pylori-associated gastric inflammation. In human clinical trials, it has been observed that treatment with probiotics alleviated gastritis symptoms caused by H. pylori and reduced colonization of the organism. As expected, complete eradication of H. pylori infection has not yet been reported by the administration of probiotics alone. Complement treatments using probiotics have shown to benefit infected individuals by decreasing the harmful effects of H. pylori eradication treatment using antibiotics. Long-term administration of probiotics might have favourable outcomes in H. pylori infection especially by decreasing the risk of development of diseases caused by increased levels of gastric inflammation. One such chronic condition is gastric ulcer which occurs due to considerable damage to the mucosal barrier by H. pylori colonization. This review provides a brief description of the promising role of probiotics as a complementary treatment to control H. pylori infection and consequently the management of various gastrointestinal disorders among populations with a special focus on gastric ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kashyapi Chakravarty
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sector - 62, Noida, U.P, India
| | - Smriti Gaur
- Department of Biotechnology, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Sector - 62, Noida, U.P, India
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Aimasso U, D'onofrio V, D'eusebio C, Devecchi A, Pira C, Merlo FD, De Francesco A. Helicobacter pylori and nutrition: a bidirectional communication. MINERVA GASTROENTERO 2019; 65:116-129. [PMID: 30759976 DOI: 10.23736/s1121-421x.19.02568-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (HP) is a gram-negative flagellated pathogen acid-resistant bacterium; it belongs to the order Campylobacterales that is wide spread all over the world, infecting more than 50% of the world population. HP infection is etiologically associated with non-atrophic and atrophic gastritis, peptic ulcer and with 3 to 6-fold increased relative risk for developing gastric adenocarcinoma and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MA LT) lymphoma. For this reason HP is recognized by the World Health Organization as a Class I human carcinogen. In the last years a lot of studies clarified the role of this pathogen in nutrition and metabolism; particularly, it has been shown that it is able to induce malabsorption of several nutrients like iron, cobalamin, vitamin C and vitamin E, with strong consequences on nutritional status. Interesting, this bacterium is able to produce different biological effects on hormones like ghrelin and leptin controlling both appetite and growth, mostly depending on the time of acquisition of the infection and of its treatment. In this review, the authors focused their attention on nutritional effects of HP infection and particularly on the role that diet, food, plants and specific nutrients can play in its treatment, considering that HP eradication rates, with standard triple-therapy, have fallen to a low level in the last years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Aimasso
- Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy -
| | - Valentina D'onofrio
- Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Chiara D'eusebio
- Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Andrea Devecchi
- Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Costanza Pira
- Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Fabio D Merlo
- Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonella De Francesco
- Unit of Dietetics and Clinical Nutrition, Città della Salute e della Scienza, Turin, Italy
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Shringeri P, Fareed N, Battur H, Khanagar S. Role of probiotics in the treatment and prevention of oral malodor/halitosis: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF INDIAN ASSOCIATION OF PUBLIC HEALTH DENTISTRY 2019. [DOI: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_171_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Management of adult Clostridium difficile digestive contaminations: a literature review. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2018; 38:209-231. [PMID: 30498879 DOI: 10.1007/s10096-018-3419-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) dramatically increased during the last decade and cause a major public health problem. Current treatments are limited by the high disease recurrence rate, severity of clinical forms, disruption of the gut microbiota, and colonization by vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE). In this review, we resumed current treatment options from official recommendation to promising alternatives available in the management of adult CDI, with regard to severity and recurring or non-recurring character of the infection. Vancomycin remains the first-line antibiotic in the management of mild to severe CDI. The use of metronidazole is discussed following the latest US recommendations that replaced it by fidaxomicin as first-line treatment of an initial episode of non-severe CDI. Fidaxomicin, the most recent antibiotic approved for CDI in adults, has several advantages compared to vancomycin and metronidazole, but its efficacy seems limited in cases of multiple recurrences. Innovative therapies such as fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) and antitoxin antibodies were developed to limit the occurrence of recurrence of CDI. Research is therefore very active, and new antibiotics are being studied as surotomycin, cadazolid, and rinidazole.
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Zhang H, Yeh C, Jin Z, Ding L, Liu BY, Zhang L, Dannelly HK. Prospective study of probiotic supplementation results in immune stimulation and improvement of upper respiratory infection rate. Synth Syst Biotechnol 2018; 3:113-120. [PMID: 29900424 PMCID: PMC5995450 DOI: 10.1016/j.synbio.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
The human gut microbiota is an important environmental factor for human health with evolutionarily conserved roles in immunity, metabolism, development, and behavior of the host. Probiotic organisms are claimed to offer several functional properties including stimulation of immune system. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of a probiotic supplementation on adult volunteers who have contracted the common cold four or more times in the past year. This study is a single center, double-blind, randomized, controlled, prospective trial. Subjects received a probiotic drink containing Lactobacillus paracasei (at least 3 × 107 colony forming units (CFU) ml-1), Lactobacillus casei 431® (at least 3 × 107 CFU ml-1) and Lactobacillus fermentium PCC® (at least 3 × 106 CFU ml-1) or an identical placebo without probiotics for a 12-week study period. The consumption of probiotics significantly reduced the incidence of upper respiratory infection (p < 0.023) and flu-like symptoms with an oral temperature higher than 38 °C (p < 0.034) as compared to the placebo group. Subjects that consumed probiotics demonstrated a significantly higher level of IFN-γ in the serum (p < 0.001) and sIgA in the gut (p < 0.010) as compared to the placebo group and a significant higher level of serum IFN-γ (p < 0.001) and gut sIgA (p < 0.001) as compared to their baseline test results. In contrast, there were no significant differences in the serum IL-4, IL-10, IgA, IgG or IgM between the probiotics and the placebo groups. Results of this study demonstrated that probiotics were safe and effective for fighting the common cold and influenza-like respiratory infections by boosting the immune system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Zhang
- Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, 8 Gongti South Road, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 10020, China
| | - Chiajung Yeh
- Hangzhou Weiquan Foods Co., LTD R&D Center, 1688 Wu Zhong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Zonglian Jin
- College of Applied Arts and Science of Beijing Union University, 197 Bei Tu Cheng West Road, Haitian District, Beijing, 100108, China
| | - Liwei Ding
- Hangzhou Weiquan Foods Co., LTD R&D Center, 1688 Wu Zhong Road, Minhang District, Shanghai, 201100, China
| | - Bryan Y. Liu
- Indiana State University, Department of Biology, 600 Chestnut Street, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- SPRIM China, 100 Zunyi Road, Changning District, Shanghai, 200336, China
| | - H. Kathleen Dannelly
- Indiana State University, Department of Biology, 600 Chestnut Street, Terre Haute, IN 47809, USA
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Debraekeleer A, Remaut H. Future perspective for potentialHelicobacter pylorieradication therapies. Future Microbiol 2018; 13:671-687. [DOI: 10.2217/fmb-2017-0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ayla Debraekeleer
- Department of Structural & Molecular Microbiology, VIB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Han Remaut
- Department of Structural & Molecular Microbiology, VIB Center for Structural Biology, VIB, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
- Department of Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050 Brussels, Belgium
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Hopkins RJ, Wilson RB. Treatment of recurrent Clostridium difficile colitis: a narrative review. Gastroenterol Rep (Oxf) 2018; 6:21-28. [PMID: 29479439 PMCID: PMC5806400 DOI: 10.1093/gastro/gox041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Clostridium difficile is a gram-positive, spore-forming, obligate anaerobic bacillus that was originally isolated from the stool of a healthy neonate in 1935. In high-income countries, C. difficile is the most common cause of infectious diarrhoea in hospitalized patients. The incidence of C. difficile infection in the USA has increased markedly since 2000, with hospitalizations for C. difficile infections in non-pregnant adults doubling between 2000 and 2010. Between 20% and 35% of patients with C. difficile infection will fail initial antibiotic treatment and, of these, 40-60% will have a second recurrence. Recurrence of C. difficile infection after initial treatment causes substantial morbidity and is a major burden on health care systems. In this article, current treatments for recurrent C. difficile infection are reviewed and future directions explored. These include the use of antibiotics, probiotics, donor faecal transplants, anion resins, secondary bile acids or anti-toxin antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roy J Hopkins
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robert B Wilson
- Department of Upper GI Surgery, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Carabotti M, Annibale B. Treatment of diverticular disease: an update on latest evidence and clinical implications. Drugs Context 2018; 7:212526. [PMID: 29623099 PMCID: PMC5866096 DOI: 10.7573/dic.212526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 02/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diverticular disease (DD) is a common condition, especially in Western countries. In about 80% of patients, colonic diverticula remain asymptomatic (diverticulosis), while approximately 20% of patients may develop abdominal symptoms (symptomatic uncomplicated diverticular disease, SUDD) and, eventually complications as acute diverticulitis (AD). The management of this condition has been improved, and in the last five years European countries and the USA have published guidelines and recommendations. SCOPE To summarize the latest evidence and clinical implication in treatment of DD focusing the attention either on the treatment of diverticulosis, SUDD and AD together with the primary and secondary prevention of diverticulitis. FINDINGS The present review was based on the latest evidence in the treatment of DD in the last 10 years. In the last 5 years, six countries issued guidelines on DD with differences regarding covered topics and recommendations regarding treatments. At present there is a lack of rationale for drug use in patients with asymptomatic diverticulosis, but there are limited indications to suggest an increase in dietary fibre to reduce risk of DD. To achieve symptomatic relief in SUDD patients, several therapeutic strategies with fibre, probiotics, rifaximin and mesalazine have been proposed even if a standard therapeutic approach remained to be defined. Agreement has been reached for the management of AD, since recent guidelines showed that antibiotics can be used selectively, rather than routinely in uncomplicated AD, although use of antibiotics remained crucial in the management of complicated cases. With regard to treatment for the primary and secondary prevention of AD, the efficacy of rifaximin and mesalazine has been proposed although with discordant recommendations among guidelines. CONCLUSION Treatment of DD represented an important challenge in clinical practice, especially concerning management of SUDD and the primary and secondary prevention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marilia Carabotti
- Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University Hospital Sant'Andrea, Sapienza, Rome
| | - Bruno Annibale
- Medical-Surgical Department of Clinical Sciences and Translational Medicine, University Hospital Sant'Andrea, Sapienza, Rome
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Jatobá A, Moraes A, Steckert L, Jesus G. Selection of autochtone probiotic for Astyanax bimaculatus. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2017. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT This study aimed to isolate native lactic acid bacteria of yellow tail lambari (Astyanax bimaculatus) and evaluate their effect on host microbiota and gut morphology, as well as survival after experimental challenge. The isolated bacterial strains were evaluated for their inhibition against pathogenic bacterial strains in vitro, and the strain with highest inhibitory ability was molecularly identified as Lactobacillus spp. For in vivo testing, eighty fish were distributed in ten tanks equipped with a recirculation system. The experimental units were divided into two treatments: fish fed with Lactobacillus spp. supplement and fish fed an unsupplemented diet (control). After 30 days, guts from three fish from each experimental unit were pooled for microbiological and histological analysis. The other five fish were inoculated with 2.1x104CFU.mL-1 of Aeromonas hydrophila to evaluate survival after 24h. Lambaris fed with the probiotic diet had a lower count of Vibrios spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Staphylococcus spp., and a higher count of lactic acid bacteria compared to control treatment, as well as, increased length, width and perimeter of intestinal villi, as well as higher survival rate (16.2%) after experimental challenge compared to the unsupplemented group. The results show that the Lactobacillus spp. used has effect probiotic for yellow tail lambari.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Jatobá
- Instituto Federal Catarinense, Brazil
| | | | - L.D. Steckert
- Instituto Federal Catarinense, Brazil; Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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Barba-Vidal E, Castillejos L, Roll VFB, Cifuentes-Orjuela G, Moreno Muñoz JA, Martín-Orúe SM. The Probiotic Combination of Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 and Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BPL6 Reduces Pathogen Loads and Improves Gut Health of Weaned Piglets Orally Challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:1570. [PMID: 28861074 PMCID: PMC5559543 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.01570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been demonstrated to be useful to enhance gut health and prevent gastrointestinal infections in humans. Additionally, some multi-strain probiotic combinations have been suggested to have greater efficacy than single strains. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the potential of a combination of the probiotic strains: Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 (brand name B. infantis IM1®) and B. animalis subsp. lactis BPL6 to enhance gut health and to ameliorate the outcome of a Salmonella challenge using a weaning piglet model. Seventy-two 28-day-old weanling piglets, 7.7 (±0.28) kg of body-weight, were distributed in a 2 × 2 factorial design; treated or not with the probiotic combination and challenged or not with the pathogen. Animals were orally challenged after an adaptation period (Day 8) with a single dose (5 × 108 cfu) of Salmonella Typhimurium. One animal per pen was euthanized on Day 12 (Day 4 post-inoculation [PI]) and Day 16 (Day 8 PI). All parameters responded to the challenge and 4 deaths were registered, indicating a severe but self-limiting challenge. Improvements registered in the challenged animals due to the probiotic were: increased voluntary feed-intake (P probiotic × challenge = 0.078), reduced fecal excretion of Salmonella (P = 0.028 at Day 1 PI and P < 0.10 at Days 3 and 5 PI), decreased rectal temperature (P probiotic × day = 0.048) and improvements in the villous:crypt ratio (P probiotic × challenge < 0.001). Moreover, general probiotic benefits were observed in both challenged and non-challenged groups: decreased diarrhea scores of the PI period (P = 0.014), improved fermentation profiles on Day 8 PI (increased ileal acetic acid [P = 0.008] and a tendency to lower colonic ammonia concentrations [P = 0.078]), stimulation of intestinal immune response by increasing villous intraepithelial lymphocytes (P = 0.015 on Day 8 PI) and an improved villous:crypt ratio (P = 0.011). In conclusion, the multi-strain probiotic had a positive effect on reducing pathogen loads and alleviating animals in a Salmonella challenge. In addition, enhanced gut health and immunity was recorded in all animals receiving the probiotic, indicating an improvement in the post-weaning outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emili Barba-Vidal
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra, Spain
| | - Lorena Castillejos
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra, Spain
| | - Victor F. B. Roll
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agronomy Eliseu Maciel, Federal University of PelotasPelotas, Brazil
| | | | | | - Susana M. Martín-Orúe
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra, Spain
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Barba-Vidal E, Castillejos L, López-Colom P, Rivero Urgell M, Moreno Muñoz JA, Martín-Orúe SM. Evaluation of the Probiotic Strain Bifidobacterium longum subsp. Infantis CECT 7210 Capacities to Improve Health Status and Fight Digestive Pathogens in a Piglet Model. Front Microbiol 2017; 8:533. [PMID: 28443068 PMCID: PMC5386966 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2017.00533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2016] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics have been demonstrated to be useful to enhance gut health and prevent gastrointestinal infections. The objective of this study is to demonstrate the potential of the probiotic strain Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis CECT 7210 (B. infantis IM1) to prevent and fight intestinal disease by using a Salmonella Typhimurium (Trial 1) or an enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (Trial 2) oral challenge in a weaning piglet model. Seventy-two piglets were used in each trial. After an adaptation period, animals were orally challenged. One animal per pen was euthanized at Days 4 and 8/9 (Trial 1/Trial 2) post-inoculation (PI). Animal performance, clinical signs, pathogen excretion, fermentation, immune response, and intestinal morphology were evaluated. In Trial 1, most parameters responded to the challenge, whereas, in Trial 2, effects were much milder. Consistent effects of the probiotic were detected in both experiments: Reduction of pathogen excretion (P = 0.043 on Day 3 PI, Trial 1) or ileal colonization (33% reduction of animals with countable coliforms; P = 0.077, Trial 2); increases in intraepithelial lymphocytes (P = 0.002 on Day 8 PI in Trial 1, P = 0.091 on Day 4 PI in Trial 2), and improvement of the fermentation profile by increasing butyric acid in non-challenged animals [P challenge × probiotic (interaction) = 0.092 in Trial 1 and P = 0.056 in Trial 2] concomitant with an enhancement of the villus:crypt ratio on Day 8/9 PI (P interaction = 0.091 for Trial 1 and P = 0.006 for Trial 2). Challenged animals treated with the probiotic showed reduced feed intakes (P interaction = 0.019 in Trial 1 and P = 0.020 in Trial 2) and had lower short-chain fatty acid concentrations in the colon (P interaction = 0.008 in Trial 1 and P = 0.082 in Trial 2). In conclusion, this probiotic demonstrated potential to reduce the intestinal colonization by pathogens and to stimulate local immune response. However, effects on feed intake, microbial fermentation, and intestinal architecture showed a differential pattern between challenged and non-challenged animals. Effects of the probiotic intervention were dependent on the structure of the ecosystem in which it was applied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emili Barba-Vidal
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra, Spain
| | - Lorena Castillejos
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra, Spain
| | - Paola López-Colom
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra, Spain
| | | | | | - Susana M Martín-Orúe
- Animal Nutrition and Welfare Service, Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de BarcelonaBellaterra, Spain
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Esmaeili SA, Mahmoudi M, Momtazi AA, Sahebkar A, Doulabi H, Rastin M. Tolerogenic probiotics: potential immunoregulators in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus. J Cell Physiol 2017; 232:1994-2007. [PMID: 27996081 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are commensal or nonpathogenic microbes that colonize the gastrointestinal tract and confer beneficial effects on the host through several mechanisms such as competitive exclusion, anti-bacterial effects, and modulation of immune responses. There is growing evidence supporting the immunomodulatory ability of some probiotics. Several experimental and clinical studies have been shown beneficial effect of some probiotic bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus and Bifidobacteria strains, on inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease that is mainly characterized by immune intolerance towards self-antigens. Some immunomodulatory probiotics have been found to regulate immune responses via tolerogenic mechanisms. Dendritic and T regulatory (Treg) cells, IL-6, IFN-γ, IL-17, and IL-23 can be considered as the most determinant dysregulated mediators in tolerogenic status. As demonstrated by documented experimental and clinical trials on inflammatory and autoimmune diseases, a number of probiotic bacterial strains can restore tolerance in host through modification of such dysregulated mediators. Since there are limited reports regarding to impact of probiotic supplementation in SLE patients, the preset review was aimed to suggest a number of probiotics bacteria, mainly from Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus strains that are able to ameliorate immune responses. The aim was followed through literature survey on immunoregulatory probiotics that can restore tolerance and also modulate the important dysregulated pro/anti-inflammatory cytokines contributing to the pathogenesis of SLE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed-Alireza Esmaeili
- Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Mahmoudi
- Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amir Abbas Momtazi
- Student Research Committee, Nanotechnology Research Center, Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hassan Doulabi
- Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Maryam Rastin
- Immunology Research Center, BuAli Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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Alvi S, Javeed A, Akhtar B, Sharif A, Akhtar MF. Probiotics for cure of Helicobacter pylori infection: A review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF FOOD PROPERTIES 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/10942912.2016.1233432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Alvi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aqeel Javeed
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Akhtar
- Institute of Pharmacy, Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | - Ali Sharif
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Lahore, Pakistan
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Surendran Nair M, Amalaradjou MA, Venkitanarayanan K. Antivirulence Properties of Probiotics in Combating Microbial Pathogenesis. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2017; 98:1-29. [PMID: 28189153 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are nonpathogenic microorganisms that confer a health benefit on the host when administered in adequate amounts. Ample evidence is documented to support the potential application of probiotics for the prevention and treatment of infections. Health benefits of probiotics include prevention of diarrhea, including antibiotic-associated diarrhea and traveler's diarrhea, atopic eczema, dental carries, colorectal cancers, and treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. The cumulative body of scientific evidence that demonstrates the beneficial effects of probiotics on health and disease prevention has made probiotics increasingly important as a part of human nutrition and led to a surge in the demand for probiotics in clinical applications and as functional foods. The ability of probiotics to promote health is attributed to the various beneficial effects exerted by these microorganisms on the host. These include lactose metabolism and food digestion, production of antimicrobial peptides and control of enteric infections, anticarcinogenic properties, immunologic enhancement, enhancement of short-chain fatty acid production, antiatherogenic and cholesterol-lowering attributes, regulatory role in allergy, protection against vaginal or urinary tract infections, increased nutritional value, maintenance of epithelial integrity and barrier, stimulation of repair mechanism in cells, and maintenance and reestablishment of well-balanced indigenous intestinal and respiratory microbial communities. Most of these attributes primarily focus on the effect of probiotic supplementation on the host. Hence, in most cases, it can be concluded that the ability of a probiotic to protect the host from infection is an indirect result of promoting overall health and well-being. However, probiotics also exert a direct effect on invading microorganisms. The direct modes of action resulting in the elimination of pathogens include inhibition of pathogen replication by producing antimicrobial substances like bacteriocins, competition for limiting resources in the host, antitoxin effect, inhibition of virulence, antiadhesive and antiinvasive effects, and competitive exclusion by competition for binding sites or stimulation of epithelial barrier function. Although much has been documented about the ability of probiotics to promote host health, there is limited discussion on the above mentioned effects of probiotics on pathogens. Being in an era of antibiotic resistance, a better understanding of this complex probiotic-pathogen interaction is critical for development of effective strategies to control infections. Therefore, this chapter will focus on the ability of probiotics to directly modulate the infectious nature of pathogens and the underlying mechanisms that mediate these effects.
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Microbiota and neurologic diseases: potential effects of probiotics. J Transl Med 2016; 14:298. [PMID: 27756430 PMCID: PMC5069982 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-016-1058-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The microbiota colonizing the gastrointestinal tract have been associated with both gastrointestinal and extra-gastrointestinal diseases. In recent years, considerable interest has been devoted to their role in the development of neurologic diseases, as many studies have described bidirectional communication between the central nervous system and the gut, the so-called “microbiota-gut-brain axis”. Considering the ability of probiotics (i.e., live non-pathogenic microorganisms) to restore the normal microbial population and produce benefits for the host, their potential effects have been investigated in the context of neurologic diseases. The main aims of this review are to analyse the relationship between the gut microbiota and brain disorders and to evaluate the current evidence for the use of probiotics in the treatment and prevention of neurologic conditions. Discussion Overall, trials involving animal models and adults have reported encouraging results, suggesting that the administration of probiotic strains may exert some prophylactic and therapeutic effects in a wide range of neurologic conditions. Studies involving children have mainly focused on autism spectrum disorder and have shown that probiotics seem to improve neuro behavioural symptoms. However, the available data are incomplete and far from conclusive. Conclusions The potential usefulness of probiotics in preventing or treating neurologic diseases is becoming a topic of great interest. However, deeper studies are needed to understand which formulation, dosage and timing might represent the optimal regimen for each specific neurologic disease and what populations can benefit. Moreover, future trials should also consider the tolerability and safety of probiotics in patients with neurologic diseases.
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Hamza A, Fdhila K, Zouiten D, Masmoudi AS. Virgibacillus proomii and Bacillus mojavensis as probiotics in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) larvae: effects on growth performance and digestive enzyme activities. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2016; 42:495-507. [PMID: 26520833 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-015-0154-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 10/26/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined the effects of two probiotics (Virgibacillus proomii and Bacillus mojavensis) on the digestive enzyme activity, survival and growth of Dicentrarchus labrax at various ontogenetic stages in three separate experiments. These probiotics were incorporated as single or mixed into fish feed for a period of 60 days. The growth parameters, proximate composition of whole body, digestive enzymes and gut microbiology were monitored at regular. The increments in length and weight and the survival were significantly higher (P < 0.05), and the values of food conversions were significantly lower (P < 0.05) in fishes fed the probiotic. The administration of V. proomii and B. mojavensis in diet resulted in an increase (P > 0.05) in body ash and protein content and in the specific activity of phosphatase alkaline and amylase in the digestive tract of all the fishes. V. proomii and B. mojavensis persisted in the fish intestine and in the feed in high numbers during the feeding period (group 1: 5.8 × 10(4) CFU/ml, group 2: 9.6 × 10(4) CFU/ml, and group 3: 9.8 × 10(4) CFU/ml day 60). The two probiotics V. proomii and B. mojavensis were adequate for improved growth performance and survival and for healthy gut microenvironment of the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahlem Hamza
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, 5000, Monastir, Tunisie.
| | - Kais Fdhila
- Laboratoire d'Analyse, Traitement et Valorisation des Polluants de l'Environnement et des Produits, Faculté de pharmacie, 5000, Monastir, Tunisie
| | - Dora Zouiten
- Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer, 5000, Monastir, Tunisie
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Shen F, Feng J, Wang X, Qi Z, Shi X, An Y, Zhang Q, Wang C, Liu M, Liu B, Yu L. Vinegar Treatment Prevents the Development of Murine Experimental Colitis via Inhibition of Inflammation and Apoptosis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:1111-1121. [PMID: 26795553 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b05415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the preventive effects of vinegar and acetic acid (the active component of vinegar) on ulcerative colitis (UC) in mice. Vinegar (5% v/v) or acetic acid (0.3% w/v) treatment significantly reduced the disease activity index and histopathological scores, attenuated body weight loss, and shortened the colon length in a murine experimental colitis model induced by dextran sulfate sodium (DSS). Further mechanistic analysis showed that vinegar inhibited inflammation through suppressing Th1 and Th17 responses, the NLRP3 inflammasome, and MAPK signaling activation. Vinegar also inhibited endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis in the colitis mouse model. Surprisingly, pretreatment with vinegar for 28 days before DSS induction increased levels of the commensal lactic acid-producing or acetic acid-producing bacteria, including Lactobacillus, Bifidobacteria, and Enterococcus faecalis, whereas decreased Escherichia coli levels were found in the feces of mice. These results suggest that vinegar supplementation might provide a new dietary strategy for the prevention of UC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengge Shen
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Animal Science, Jilin University , Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jiaxuan Feng
- College of Medicine, Yanbian University , Yanji 133000, China
| | - Xinhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Animal Science, Jilin University , Changchun 130062, China
| | - Zhimin Qi
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Animal Science, Jilin University , Changchun 130062, China
| | - Xiaochen Shi
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Animal Science, Jilin University , Changchun 130062, China
| | - Yanan An
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Animal Science, Jilin University , Changchun 130062, China
| | - Qiaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Animal Science, Jilin University , Changchun 130062, China
| | - Chao Wang
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Animal Science, Jilin University , Changchun 130062, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Animal Science, Jilin University , Changchun 130062, China
- Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses , Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Animal Science, Jilin University , Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, The First Hospital of Jilin University, College of Veterinary Medicine and College of Animal Science, Jilin University , Changchun 130062, China
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Andrejčáková Z, Sopková D, Vlčková R, Kulichová L, Gancarčíková S, Almášiová V, Holovská K, Petrilla V, Krešáková L. Synbiotics suppress the release of lactate dehydrogenase, promote non-specific immunity and integrity of jejunum mucosa in piglets. Anim Sci J 2015; 87:1157-66. [PMID: 27581561 PMCID: PMC7159591 DOI: 10.1111/asj.12558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our experiment was to study how synbiotics are able to deal with the problems of post‐weaning piglets. Lactobacillus plantarum – BiocenolTM LP96 (CCM 7512), Lactobacillus fermentum – BiocenolTM LF99 (CCM 7514) and flaxseed (rich in n‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids) were administered to 36 conventional piglets from a problematic breed with confirmed presence of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli and Coronavirus. The experimental piglets were supplied with probiotic cheeses and crushed flax‐seed in the period starting 10 days before weaning and lasting up to 14 days post‐weaning. Piglets in the control group were supplied only control cheese. The impact of such additives on the release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH; spectroscopic and electrophoretic assay), alteration of immunity (index of metabolic activity), jejunum histology (light microscopy), and health of conventional piglets from a problematic breed (monitoring of hematology, consistency and moisture of feces and body temperature) were examined. We found significant decrease in LDH leakage in the blood serum and tissue extracts, indicating better cell membrane integrity in the individual organs of animals. Probiotics and flaxseed applied together seem to be a good source of nutrients to improve the immune status and the integrity of jejunum mucosa during infection. © 2015 Japanese Society of Animal Science
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Andrejčáková
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Drahomíra Sopková
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Radoslava Vlčková
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Lucia Kulichová
- Department of Epizootology and Preventive Veterinary Medicine, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Soňa Gancarčíková
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Viera Almášiová
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Katarína Holovská
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Vladimír Petrilla
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Lenka Krešáková
- Department of Anatomy, Histology and Physiology, University of Veterinary Medicine and Pharmacy in Košice, Košice, Slovak Republic
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Binda GA, Cuomo R, Laghi A, Nascimbeni R, Serventi A, Bellini D, Gervaz P, Annibale B. Practice parameters for the treatment of colonic diverticular disease: Italian Society of Colon and Rectal Surgery (SICCR) guidelines. Tech Coloproctol 2015; 19:615-26. [PMID: 26377584 DOI: 10.1007/s10151-015-1370-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/15/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The mission of the Italian Society of Colorectal Surgery (SICCR) is to optimize patient care. Providing evidence-based practice guidelines is therefore of key importance. About the present report it concernes the SICCR practice guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of diverticular disease of the colon. The guidelines are not intended to define the sole standard of care but to provide evidence-based recommendations regarding the available therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A Binda
- Department of Surgery, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy.
| | - R Cuomo
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University, Naples, Italy
| | - A Laghi
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Rome I.C.O.T. Hospital, La Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - R Nascimbeni
- Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - A Serventi
- Department of Surgery, Galliera Hospital, Genoa, Italy
| | - D Bellini
- Department of Radiological Sciences, Oncology and Pathology, Rome I.C.O.T. Hospital, La Sapienza University, Latina, Italy
| | - P Gervaz
- Coloproctology Unit, La Colline Clinic, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - B Annibale
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Translational Medicine, Sant'Andrea Hospital, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
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Yazbek PB, Trindade AB, Chin CM, Dos Santos JL. Challenges to the Treatment and New Perspectives for the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori. Dig Dis Sci 2015; 60:2901-12. [PMID: 25999247 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-015-3712-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is one of the leading causes of gastric diseases such as chronic gastritis, peptic ulcer, and gastric adenocarcinoma. The current treatment of H. pylori infection with antibiotics and proton pump inhibitors has several limitations, including poor adherence and intrinsic patient-related factors, drug resistance, and the absence of adequate treatments. This review summarizes the current therapeutic approaches to eradicating H. pylori, the difficulties associated with its treatment, and several new perspectives aimed at improving existing treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscila Baptistella Yazbek
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Drugs and Medicines Department, State University of São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rodovia Araraquara Jaú Km, 01 s/n, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Ariane Biolcati Trindade
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Drugs and Medicines Department, State University of São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rodovia Araraquara Jaú Km, 01 s/n, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Chung Man Chin
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Drugs and Medicines Department, State University of São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rodovia Araraquara Jaú Km, 01 s/n, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil
| | - Jean Leandro Dos Santos
- School of Pharmaceutical Science, Drugs and Medicines Department, State University of São Paulo "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Rodovia Araraquara Jaú Km, 01 s/n, Araraquara, SP, 14801-902, Brazil.
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Influence of a combination of probiotics on bacterial infections in very low birthweight newborns. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2015; 127 Suppl 5:S210-5. [DOI: 10.1007/s00508-015-0845-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Abstract
Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of antibiotic-associated and nosocomial infectious diarrhea. Presenting as clostridium difficile colitis, it is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Metronidazole is regarded as the agent of choice for CDl therapy and also for the first recurrence in most patients with mild to moderate CDI. Vancomycin is recommended as an initial therapy for patients with severe CDI. With recent Food and Drug Administration-approval fidaxomicin is available for clinical use and is as effective as vancomycin with lower relapse rates. Rifaximin and fecal bacteriotherapy are alternative approaches in patients with severe or refractory CDI, before surgical intervention. Antibiotic research is ongoing to add potential new drugs such as teicoplanin, ramoplanin, fusidic acid, nitazoxanide, rifampin, bacitracin to our armamentarium. Role of toxin-binding agents is still questionable. Monoclonal antibody and intravenous immunoglobulin are still investigational therapies that could be promising options. The ongoing challenges in the treatment of CDI include management of recurrence and presence of resistance strains such as NAP1/BI/027, but early recognition of surgical candidates can potentially decrease mortality in CDI.
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44
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Fahey JW, Stephenson KK, Wallace AJ. Dietary amelioration of Helicobacter infection. Nutr Res 2015; 35:461-73. [PMID: 25799054 PMCID: PMC4465045 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2015.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We review herein the basis for using dietary components to treat and/or prevent Helicobacter pylori infection, with emphasis on (a) work reported in the last decade, (b) dietary components for which there is mechanism-based plausibility, and (c) components for which clinical results on H pylori amelioration are available. There is evidence that a diet-based treatment may reduce the levels and/or the virulence of H pylori colonization without completely eradicating the organism in treated individuals. This concept was endorsed a decade ago by the participants in a small international consensus conference held in Honolulu, Hawaii, USA, and interest in such a diet-based approach has increased dramatically since then. This approach is attractive in terms of cost, treatment, tolerability, and cultural acceptability. This review, therefore, highlights specific foods, food components, and food products, grouped as follows: bee products (eg, honey and propolis); probiotics; dairy products; vegetables; fruits; oils; essential oils; and herbs, spices, and other plants. A discussion of the small number of clinical studies that are available is supplemented by supportive in vitro and animal studies. This very large body of in vitro and preclinical evidence must now be followed up with rationally designed, unambiguous human trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jed W Fahey
- Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Human Nutrition, Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
| | - Katherine K Stephenson
- Lewis B. and Dorothy Cullman Chemoprotection Center, Department of Pharmacology & Molecular Sciences, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Alison J Wallace
- New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Limited, Lincoln, New Zealand
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Esposito S, Umbrello G, Castellazzi L, Principi N. Treatment of Clostridium difficile infection in pediatric patients. Expert Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2015; 9:747-55. [PMID: 25912469 DOI: 10.1586/17474124.2015.1039988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Clostridium difficile causes infections that can either remain asymptomatic or manifest as clinical disease. In this report, problems, possible solutions, and future perspectives on the treatment of C. difficile infections (CDIs) in pediatric patients are discussed. CDI, despite increasing as a consequence of the overuse and misuse of antibiotics, remains relatively uncommon in pediatrics mainly because younger children are poorly susceptible to the action of C. difficile toxins. In most such cases, C. difficile disease is mild to moderate and discontinuation of the administered antibiotics in patients receiving these drugs when CDI develops, or administration of metronidazole, is sufficient to solve this problem. In severe or frequently relapsing cases, vancomycin is the drug of choice. Probiotics do not seem to add significant advantages. Other treatment options must be reserved for severe cases and be considered as a salvage treatment, although potential advantages in pediatric patients remain unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanna Esposito
- Pediatric Highly Intensive Care Unit, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
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Amer EI, Mossallam SF, Mahrous H. Therapeutic enhancement of newly derived bacteriocins against Giardia lamblia. Exp Parasitol 2014; 146:52-63. [PMID: 25300763 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2014] [Revised: 09/20/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trials for identifying efficient anti-giardial agents are still ongoing. Nowadays, bacteriocins have attracted the attention as potential antimicrobial compounds. For the first time, the current study evaluated the therapeutic efficacy of bacteriocins derived from newly isolated Egyptian strains of probiotics Lactobacilli; L. acidophilus (P106) and L. plantarum (P164) against Giardia lamblia. Bacteriocins' efficacy was evaluated both in vitro; by growth inhibition and adherence assays, and in vivo; through estimation of parasite density, intestinal histopathological examination and ultrastructural analysis of Giardia trophozoites. In vivo bacteriocins' clinical safety was assessed. In vitro results proved that 50 µg of L. acidophilus bacteriocin induced reduction of the mean Giardia lamblia trophozoites by 58.3 ± 4.04%, while at lower concentrations of 10 and 20 µg of both L. acidophilus and L. plantarum, non significant reduction of the mean parasite density was achieved. In vitro trophozoites adherence was susceptible to the tested bacteriocins at all studied concentrations with variable degrees, while the highest adherence reduction was demonstrated using 50 µg of L acidophilus bacteriocin. In vivo, oral inoculation of 50 µg/mouse L. acidophilus bacteriocin for 5 successive days resulted in a noteworthy decline of the intestinal parasite density, along with amelioration of intestinal pathology of infected mice. Ultrastructural examination proved thatfive doses of L. acidophilus bacteriocin showed marked changes in cellular architecture of the trophozoites with evident disorganization of the cell membrane, adhesive disc and cytoplasmic components. This is the first reported study of the safe anti-giardial efficacy of L. acidophilus (P106) derived bacteriocin, hence highlighting its great promise as a potential therapeutic safe alternative to existing commercial drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eglal I Amer
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Shereen F Mossallam
- Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt
| | - Hoda Mahrous
- Industrial Biotechnology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Egypt
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Abstract
Probiotic organisms are claimed to offer several functional properties including stimulation of immune system. This review is presented to provide detailed informations about how probiotics stimulate our immune system. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Lactobacillus casei Shirota, Bifidobacterium animalis Bb-12, Lactobacillus johnsonii La1, Bifidobacterium lactis DR10, and Saccharomyces cerevisiae boulardii are the most investigated probiotic cultures for their immunomodulation properties. Probiotics can enhance nonspecific cellular immune response characterized by activation of macrophages, natural killer (NK) cells, antigen-specific cytotoxic T-lymphocytes, and the release of various cytokines in strain-specific and dose-dependent manner. Mixture and type (gram-positive and gram-negative) of probiotic organisms may induce different cytokine responses. Supplementation of probiotic organisms in infancy could help prevent immune-mediated diseases in childhood, whereas their intervention in pregnancy could affect fetal immune parameters, such as cord blood interferon (IFN)-γ levels, transforming growth factor (TGF)-β1 levels, and breast milk immunoglobulin (Ig)A. Probiotics that can be delivered via fermented milk or yogurt could improve the gut mucosal immune system by increasing the number of IgA(+) cells and cytokine-producing cells in the effector site of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Ashraf
- a Faculty of Health Engineering and Science, School of Biomedical and Health Sciences , Victoria University , Werribee Campus, P.O. Box 14428 , Melbourne , Victoria , 8001 , Australia
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Oliveira-Sequeira TCG, David ÉB, Ribeiro C, Guimarães S, Masseno APB, Katagiri S, Sequeira JL. Effect of Bifidobacterium animalis on mice infected with Strongyloides venezuelensis. Rev Inst Med Trop Sao Paulo 2014; 56:105-9. [PMID: 24626410 PMCID: PMC4085849 DOI: 10.1590/s0036-46652014000200003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2013] [Accepted: 07/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The administration of viable Bifidobacterium animalis was tested to induce resistance against Strongyloides venezuelensis infection in mice. Effects on parasite burden, worm length, egg output, and intestinal mucosal histology were evaluated. The oral administration of B. animalis, strain 04450B, starting 14 days before the inoculation of nematode larvae significantly decreased the worm burden and egg output. In probiotic treated animals, the percent reduction of adult worms in the intestine was of 33% and the reduction of egg production was of 21%, compared with those of the control group. The duodenum villous height and villous/crypt ratio were significantly higher in probiotic-treated mice, indicating that this group could be experiencing less intestinal damage. The present findings revealed that the administration of B. animalis for the amelioration of host response to nematode infections is biologically plausible and could have some potential for impacting public health. Meanwhile, further study is needed to delineate the nature and identity of the factor(s) involved in these beneficial effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Cristina Goulart Oliveira-Sequeira
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000BotucatuSP, Brazil, Parasitology Department, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Érica Boarato David
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000BotucatuSP, Brazil, Parasitology Department, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Ribeiro
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000BotucatuSP, Brazil, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Semíramis Guimarães
- Parasitology Department, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000BotucatuSP, Brazil, Parasitology Department, Institute of Bioscience, São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Batista Masseno
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000BotucatuSP, Brazil, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Satie Katagiri
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000BotucatuSP, Brazil, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Julio Lopes Sequeira
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000BotucatuSP, Brazil, College of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science (FMVZ), São Paulo State University (UNESP), 18618-000 Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Pacifico L, Osborn JF, Bonci E, Romaggioli S, Baldini R, Chiesa C. Probiotics for the treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in children. World J Gastroenterol 2014; 20:673-683. [PMID: 24574741 PMCID: PMC3921477 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v20.i3.673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Revised: 10/14/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The combination of a proton pump inhibitor and two antibiotics (clarithromycin plus amoxicillin or metronidazole) has been the recommended first-line therapy since the first guidelines for Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection in children were published. In recent years, the success of eradication therapies has declined, in part due to the development of H. pylori resistant strains. Alternative anti-H. pylori treatments are currently becoming more popular than the traditional eradication methods. Components that may be used either as a monotherapy or, in combination with antimicrobials, resulting in a more effective anti-H. pylori therapy have been investigated in depth by several researchers. One of the potential therapies is probiotic cultures; promising results have been observed in initial studies with numerous probiotic strains. Nevertheless, many questions remain unanswered. In this article, we comprehensively review the possible mechanisms of action of probiotics on H. pylori infection, and present the results of published studies using probiotics as possible agents to control H. pylori infection in children. The effect of the addition of probiotics to the standard H. pylori eradication therapy for the prevention of antibiotic associated side-effects is also discussed.
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Blandino G, Fazio D, Di Marco R. Probiotics: overview of microbiological and immunological characteristics. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2014; 6:497-508. [DOI: 10.1586/14787210.6.4.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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