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Proulx L, Brizzolara K, Thompson M, Wang-Price S, Rodriguez P, Koppenhaver S. Women with Chronic Pelvic Pain Demonstrate Increased Lumbopelvic Muscle Stiffness Compared to Asymptomatic Controls. J Womens Health (Larchmt) 2023; 32:239-247. [PMID: 36450120 DOI: 10.1089/jwh.2022.0198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although lumbopelvic muscle stiffness is commonly clinically assessed in women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP), it has not been objectively quantified in this population, and its association with other pain-related impairments has not yet been established. Objective: To compare superficial lumbopelvic muscle stiffness in women with and without CPP. In addition, pressure pain threshold (PPT) was compared between groups and the associations between muscle stiffness and PPT were assessed in women with CPP. Study Design: Case-control. Methods: Muscle stiffness and PPT of 11 lumbopelvic muscles were assessed in 149 women with CPP and 48 asymptomatic women. Subjective outcome measures, including pelvic floor function, health history, and psychosocial outcomes, were collected before muscle stiffness and PPT measurements. Analysis of covariance was used to compare muscle stiffness differences between groups, and independent t-tests were used to compare PPT between groups. Associations between measurements of PPT and muscle stiffness were calculated using correlation analysis. Results: Five of the 11 muscles measured were significantly stiffer in women with CPP than those without CPP (p < 0.05). PPT was significantly decreased in all muscles measured in women with CPP; however, there was not a significant association between muscle stiffness and PPT in women with CPP. Conclusion: The study identified the abdominal lumbopelvic muscles that have increased stiffness in women with CPP compared to asymptomatic women. In addition, muscle stiffness and PPT are two distinct impairments within this population. The results suggest that women with CPP have peripheral muscle impairments, which may be addressed without intravaginal or intrarectal intervention. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT04851730.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurel Proulx
- School of Physical Therapy, Rueckert-Hartman College of Health Professions, Regis University, Denver, Colorado, USA
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2
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Rodríguez-Lozano DC, Meza-Rodríguez MDP, Cruz-Orozco OP, Sánchez-Ramírez B, Olguin-Ortega A, Silvestri-Tomassoni JR, Corona-Barsse G, Escobar-Ponce LF, Solis-Paredes JM, Dominguez-Trejo B, Camacho-Arroyo I. Emotional dysregulation in women with endometriosis with cyclical and non-cyclical chronic pelvic pain. BMC Womens Health 2022; 22:525. [PMID: 36526995 PMCID: PMC9758838 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-022-02066-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endometriosis is a pathophysiological condition characterized by glands and stroma outside the uterus in regions such as the bladder, ureter, fallopian tubes, peritoneum, ovaries, and even in extra pelvic sites. One of the main clinical problems of endometriosis is chronic pelvic pain (CPP), which considerably affects the patients' quality of life. Patients with endometriosis may, cyclically or non-cyclically (80% of cases) experience CPP. High levels of anxiety and depression have been described in patients with endometriosis related to CPP; however, this has not been evaluated in endometriosis women with different types of CPP. Therefore, the research question of this study was whether there is a difference in the emotional dysregulation due to the type of pain experienced by women with endometriosis? METHODS This work was performed in the National Institute of Perinatology (INPer) in Mexico City from January 2019 to March 2020 and aimed to determine if there are differences in emotional dysregulation in patients with cyclical and non-cyclical CPP. 49 women from 18 to 52 years-old diagnosed with endometriosis presenting cyclical and non-cyclical CPP answered several batteries made up of Mini-Mental State Examination, Visual Analog Scale, Beck's Depression Inventory, State Trait-Anxiety Inventory, and Generalized Anxiety Inventory. Mann-Whitney U and Student's t-test for independent samples to compare the difference between groups was used. Relative risk estimation was performed to determine the association between non-cyclical and cyclical CPP with probability of presenting emotional dysregulation. RESULTS We observed that patients with non-cyclical CPP exhibited higher levels of depression and anxiety (trait-state and generalized anxiety) than patients with cyclical pain, p < 0.05 was considered significant. No differences were observed in pain intensity, but there was a higher probability of developing emotional dysregulation (anxiety or depression) in patients with non-cyclical CPP. No differences were observed in cognitive impairment. CONCLUSIONS Our data suggest that patients with non-cyclical (persistent) CPP present a higher emotional dysregulation than those with cyclical pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dulce Carolina Rodríguez-Lozano
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, (CD MX) Mexico
| | - María del Pilar Meza-Rodríguez
- grid.419218.70000 0004 1773 5302Departamento de Neurociencias, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Av. Montes Urales # 800. Col. Lomas de Virreyes, 11000 Mexico City, CD MX Mexico
| | - Olivier Paul Cruz-Orozco
- grid.419218.70000 0004 1773 5302Departamento de Ginecología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Brenda Sánchez-Ramírez
- grid.419218.70000 0004 1773 5302Departamento de Ginecología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Andrea Olguin-Ortega
- grid.419218.70000 0004 1773 5302Departamento de Ginecología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Guillermo Corona-Barsse
- grid.419218.70000 0004 1773 5302Departamento de Ginecología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Fernando Escobar-Ponce
- grid.419218.70000 0004 1773 5302Departamento de Ginecología, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Juan Mario Solis-Paredes
- grid.419218.70000 0004 1773 5302Departamento de Genética y Genómica Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Benjamín Dominguez-Trejo
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Facultad de Psicología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Ignacio Camacho-Arroyo
- grid.9486.30000 0001 2159 0001Unidad de Investigación en Reproducción Humana, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología-Facultad de Química, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510 Mexico City, (CD MX) Mexico
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3
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Ford RW, Winokur RS. Pelvic Venous Disorders (PeVD). Semin Intervent Radiol 2022; 39:483-489. [PMID: 36561941 PMCID: PMC9767768 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1757938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Pelvic venous disorders (PeVDs) have replaced the concept of pelvic congestion syndrome encompassing venous origin chronic pelvic pain (VO-CPP) in women. The evaluation of women with VO-CPP includes the assessment for other causes of pelvic pain as well as imaging evaluation for pelvic varicosities measuring greater than 5 mm diameter, ovarian vein diameter, and flow direction, as well as iliac vein diameter and signs of compression. Proper identification of these patients can lead to high degrees of success eliminating chronic pelvic pain following ovarian vein embolization and/or iliac vein stenting. Strong encouragement is provided to use the symptoms, varices, pathophysiology classification for these patients and upcoming research studies on the specific symptoms of patients with VO-CPP will help elucidate patient selection for intervention. Additional future randomized controlled trials are also upcoming to evaluate for outcomes of ovarian vein embolization and iliac vein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Ford
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ronald S. Winokur
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, Thomas Jefferson University Hospital, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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4
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Spruijt MA, Klerkx WM, Kelder JC, Kluivers KB, Kerkhof MH. The efficacy of botulinum toxin a injections in pelvic floor muscles in chronic pelvic pain patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int Urogynecol J 2022; 33:2951-2961. [PMID: 35362767 PMCID: PMC9569307 DOI: 10.1007/s00192-022-05115-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Introduction and hypothesis Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a common multifactorial condition affecting 6 to 27% of women aged 18–50 years worldwide. This study was conducted to review and meta-analyse the current literature on the reduction of chronic pelvic pain after botulinum toxin A (BTA) injection. Method In July 2021 we performed a systematic search in PubMed and EMBASE to assess the benefits of BTA injection in pelvic floor muscles in women with chronic pelvic pain. Primary outcome was reduction in visual analogue scale (VAS) after treatment. Secondary outcomes evaluated were: reduction of dyspareunia, pelvic floor resting pressure and quality of life. Identified reports were assessed on quality of reporting and risk of bias. Standardized mean difference (SMD) was used to combine and analyse outcomes of the included studies. Results Eight studies with 289 participants were considered eligible to be included in this systematic review and meta-analysis. After recalculating SMD into VAS scores (0–100), long-term follow-up (24–26 weeks) showed a significant 15-point improvement in VAS scores (95% CI: 8.8–21.5) for non-menstrual pelvic pain and a 13-point improvement (95% CI: 2.1–24.0) for dyspareunia. BTA injection had a significant effect on pelvic floor resting pressure and quality of life. Conclusion There is limited scientific evidence on the effectiveness of BTA injections in pelvic floor muscles in women with chronic pelvic pain. The available studies show that BTA injections significantly reduce pain levels and improve quality of life at 6 months follow-up. Prospero ID CRD42018105204.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melle A Spruijt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435, CM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.
| | - Wenche M Klerkx
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Antonius Hospital, Koekoekslaan 1, 3435, CM, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes C Kelder
- Department of Epidemiology, St. Antonius Hospital, Nieuwegein, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten B Kluivers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Manon H Kerkhof
- Department of Gynaecology and Reconstructive pelvic surgery, Curilion Women's Health Clinic, Haarlem, The Netherlands
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5
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Selected Disorders of the Female Reproductive System. Fam Med 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-54441-6_155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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6
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Dinh T, Flaxman T, Shea K, Singh SS. What Are Patients Reading? Quality Assessment of Endometriosis Information on the Internet. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2021; 44:11-20.e3. [PMID: 34481065 DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the quality of information reported online about endometriosis and period pain. METHODS An online search identified the top 20 websites for 4 search engines (Google, Ask, Bing, Yahoo). Videos, duplicates, and websites not containing information related to endometriosis and period pain were excluded. Three independent authors screened websites and systematically extracted data on website characteristics and on diagnosis and treatment mentions. Website accuracy and completeness were rated for a score out of 15. The Flesch readability ease score (FRES) was used to assess readability. RESULTS Of 34 websites included, most were news related (44.1%) and health care affiliated (26.5%). Websites with affiliations had significantly higher accuracy scores than those without. Those with references had significantly higher completeness than those without. Non-news-related websites had significantly higher accuracy and completeness than news-related websites. The most commonly reported symptoms were dysmenorrhea (97.1% of websites), infertility (88.2%), and dyspareunia (82.4%). Cancer was mentioned on 41.1% of websites. Diagnostic laparoscopy (91.0%) and ultrasound (88.3%) were the most commonly mentioned diagnostic tools. Commonly reported therapeutics included the oral contraceptive pill (79.4%), laparoscopy (70.6%), non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs; 67.6%), and gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists (64.7%). Hysterectomy (59.0%) was mentioned more than progestins (53.0%). Overall, 18 of 34 websites (53%) contained 1 or more inaccurate or misleading statements. CONCLUSION While most websites contained accurate statements, commonly reported misconceptions included an emphasized risk of cancer, lack of use/benefit of ultrasound for diagnosis, and a bias for surgical over medical management, where laparoscopy was mentioned more than first-line medications. This study highlights the importance of directing patients to evidence-based resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trish Dinh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON; Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - Teresa Flaxman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON
| | - Kelsey Shea
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON
| | - Sukhbir S Singh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON; Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, Ottawa, ON.
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Katz L, Fransson A, Patterson L. The development and efficacy of an interdisciplinary chronic pelvic pain program. Can Urol Assoc J 2021; 15:E323-E328. [PMID: 33212006 PMCID: PMC8195579 DOI: 10.5489/cuaj.6842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a significant issue, and approximately 14% of women experience CPP once in their life-time. While interdisciplinary pain management is considered the gold standard of treatment, few programs offer this type of treatment in Canada. The aims of this paper were to: 1) describe the development of an interdisciplinary CPP program; and 2) demonstrate changes in patient-related outcomes after attending an interdisciplinary CPP program. METHODS Referrals were received from community urologists and obstetricians/gynecologists, and pain physicians at the Michael G. DeGroote Pain Clinic. Patients attended an orientation session, completed an interdisciplinary assessment, and if appropriate, attended an eight-day interdisciplinary CPP program. Each day consisted of group-based pelvic floor physiotherapy, psychoeducation, goal-setting, cognitive behavioral therapy, and mindfulness. Psychometric questionnaires were completed pre- and post-program by patients, and paired sample t-tests were used to evaluate the changes in patient-related outcomes after attending the program. RESULTS Thirty-seven female patients completed the program, and results demonstrate that the CPP program was associated with significant improvements in impact of pelvic pain on quality of life, readiness for change, and pain-related self-efficacy, as well as decreases in pain catastrophizing and fear of pain/re-injury. CONCLUSIONS CPP is a complex condition that requires interdisciplinary management and care. The results of this study demonstrate the short-term benefits of an interdisciplinary CPP program, highlight the unique needs of women with CPP, and implicate multiple factors for programming and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Katz
- Michael G. DeGroote Pain Clinic, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Institute of Pain Research and Care, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Adria Fransson
- Michael G. DeGroote Pain Clinic, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Lisa Patterson
- Michael G. DeGroote Pain Clinic, Hamilton Health Sciences, McMaster University Medical Centre, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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8
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Wilkinson R, Wynn-Williams M, Jung A, Berryman J, Wilson E. Impact of a Persistent Pelvic Pain Clinic: Emergency attendances following multidisciplinary management of persistent pelvic pain. Aust N Z J Obstet Gynaecol 2021; 61:612-615. [PMID: 33984153 DOI: 10.1111/ajo.13358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Persistent pelvic pain (PPP) is an important cause of psychological distress and productivity loss in women. In 2017, a multidisciplinary clinic was established to care for Queensland women with PPP. By analysing clinic and emergency department data, we found 19% fewer patients required any presentation to the emergency department for exacerbations of pelvic pain (P = 0.003) within 12 months of clinic attendance. There was also a reduction in number of presentations, short stay admissions and daily opiate use in regular users. The Persistent Pelvic Pain Clinic (PPPC) made a difference to these women and reduced resource burden on a busy emergency department.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Wilkinson
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mater Health Services, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Wynn-Williams
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mater Health Services, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Advanced Laparoscopic Gynaecology, Auckland DHB Hospital and Health Care, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Albert Jung
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mater Health Services, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jayne Berryman
- Anaesthesia and Pain Medicine, Mater Health Services, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Erin Wilson
- Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Mater Health Services, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Allaire C, Long AJ, Bedaiwy MA, Yong PJ. Interdisciplinary Teams in Endometriosis Care. Semin Reprod Med 2020; 38:227-234. [PMID: 33080631 DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1718943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis-associated chronic pelvic pain can at times be a complex problem that is resistant to standard medical and surgical therapies. Multiple comorbidities and central sensitization may be at play and must be recognized with the help of a thorough history and physical examination. If a complex pain problem is identified, most endometriosis expert reviews and guidelines recommend multidisciplinary care. However, there are no specific recommendations about what should be the components of this approach and how that type of team care should be delivered. There is evidence showing the effectiveness of specific interventions such as pain education, physical therapy, psychological therapies, and pharmacotherapies for the treatment of chronic pain. Interdisciplinary team models have been well studied and validated in other chronic pain conditions such as low back pain. The published evidence in support of interdisciplinary teams for endometriosis-associated chronic pain is more limited but appears promising. Based on the available evidence, a model for an interdisciplinary team approach for endometriosis care is outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Allaire
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,BC Women's Centre for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Alicia Jean Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,BC Women's Centre for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Mohamed A Bedaiwy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,BC Women's Centre for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Paul J Yong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,BC Women's Centre for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, Canada
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10
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Hughes C, May S. A directional preference approach for chronic pelvic pain, bladder dysfunction and concurrent musculoskeletal symptoms: a case series. J Man Manip Ther 2020; 28:170-180. [PMID: 31702976 PMCID: PMC7480605 DOI: 10.1080/10669817.2019.1668994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) with concurrent musculoskeletal and bladder symptoms is a complex and challenging problem. However, clinically the co-existence of these symptoms is not routinely questioned, and their musculoskeletal source is not investigated thoroughly. The purpose of this case series is to present the use of Mechanical Diagnosis and Therapy (MDT) principles in seven patients with concurrent chronic pelvic pain, bladder dysfunction and musculoskeletal symptoms. CASE DESCRIPTIONS Seven patients with coexisting pelvic health and musculoskeletal signs and symptoms were retrospectively reviewed. Most common symptoms were urinary frequency, incontinence, pelvic pain, nocturia, dyspareunia, bladder dyssynergia, and lumbar, pelvic or hip pain. All patients failed to recognize the possible interconnectedness of the two sets of symptoms. Each exhibited a directional preference (DP) and subsequent MDT provisional classification of derangement was established; the use of DP forces abolished or dramatically improved both symptoms and mobility impairments. In all cases DP was for sustained sagittal forces initially, but ultimately lateral forces and mobilization were indicated. OUTCOMES Changes in Pelvic Floor Impact Questionnaire, Care Connections Pelvic Floor and Lumbar spine were all clinically significant and exceeded minimally Clinical Important Differences several times. Average of 5.8 sessions per patient was noted. Follow-up at an average of 3.3 years revealed ongoing satisfaction and confidence in independent self-management. DISCUSSION These case studies highlight the importance of ensuring expansion of intake questions for possible co-existence of symptoms in both pelvic and musculoskeletal patients, possibly suggesting a mechanical intervention is indicated. Provisional subclassification into 'Mechanical Pelvic Syndrome' is proposed. Level of Evidence: 4.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephen May
- Department of Allied Health Professions, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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11
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Sachedin A, Todd N. Dysmenorrhea, Endometriosis and Chronic Pelvic Pain in Adolescents. J Clin Res Pediatr Endocrinol 2020; 12:7-17. [PMID: 32041388 PMCID: PMC7053437 DOI: 10.4274/jcrpe.galenos.2019.2019.s0217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Most adolescents will experience discomfort during menstruation. Due to normalization of dysmenorrhea, there is delay to diagnosis and treatment. Non-steroidal anti-inflammatories are a first line treatment. Adolescents can safely be offered menstrual suppression with combined hormonal contraception, and progestin-only options. When the above are ineffective, gonadotropin releasing hormone agonists with add back treatment can be considered. Transabdominal ultrasound is indicated when first line treatments do not improve symptoms. Endometriosis should be considered in adolescents who experience ongoing pain despite medical treatment. If laparoscopy is performed and endometriosis visualized, it should be treated with either excision or ablation. Women with endometriosis should be counselled on menstrual suppression until fertility is desired. Management of chronic pain requires the involvement of a multi-disciplinary team.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aalia Sachedin
- The Royal Children’s Hospital, Department of Paediatric & Adolescent Gynaecology, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nicole Todd
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver General Hospital, Diamond Health Centre, Vancouver, Canada
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12
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Wilk A, Falk A, DeSilva N. Selected Disorders of the Female Reproductive System. Fam Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0779-3_155-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Rana N, Drake MJ, Rinko R, Dawson M, Whitmore KE. The fundamentals of chronic pelvic pain assessment, based on international continence society recommendations. Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 37:S32-S38. [PMID: 30614061 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is defined as a noncyclical pain that has duration of at least 6 months and can lead to decreased quality of life and physical performance. The pain can be attributed to problems in the pelvic organs and/or problems in related systems, and possible psycho-social attributes may contribute to the manifestation. Due to the complex nature, CPP syndromes are multifactorial and the terminology needs to reflect the setting. METHODS The current review is a synthesis of key aspects of the recent International Continence Society Standardization for Terminology in CPP Syndromes. RESULTS Nine domains can be used for a detailed description of CPP. They include four domains specific to the pelvic organs (lower urinary tract, female genital, male genital, gastrointestinal), two related to other sources of pain which may be perceived in the pelvis (musculoskeletal, neurological) and three which may influence the response to the pain or its impact on the individual (psychological, sexual, and comorbidities). For an individual patient with CPP, each domain should be reviewed in terms of symptoms and signs, noting that positive findings could reflect either a primary cause or a secondary consequence. The findings will guide further evaluations and subsequent treatment. CONCLUSION We present a synthesis of the standard for terminology in CPP syndromes in women and men, which serves as a systematic framework to consider possible sources of pain (pelvic organs or other sources) and the individual responses and impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Rana
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Marcus J Drake
- Translational Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
- Bristol Urological Institute, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - Rebecca Rinko
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Melissa Dawson
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kristene E Whitmore
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Division of Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery and Urology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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14
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Polushkin AA, Isagulyan ED, Tomskiy AA, Dorokhov EV, Salyukov RV. [The use of surgical neuromodulation to treat chronic pelvic pain]. ZHURNAL VOPROSY NEĬROKHIRURGII IMENI N. N. BURDENKO 2019; 83:49-58. [PMID: 31166317 DOI: 10.17116/neiro20198302149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is a pain syndrome that is very difficult to treat. The effectiveness of CPP treatment remains low despite the use of integrated approaches. That is why it is necessary to search for new treatment approaches and methods. Surgical neuromodulation has recently been used increasingly often to treat CPP. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effectiveness of different types of neurostimulation in patients with chronic pelvic pain. MATERIAL AND METHODS Thirty-two patients were treated at the N.N. Burdenko National Scientific and Practical Center for Neurosurgery. All the patients were diagnosed with CPP and transferred to the Center because of unsatisfactory results of earlier treatment. The mean duration of pain was 8.6 years (range: 1-31 years). Pain intensity and the neuropathic component of the pain syndrome were assessed using the conventional scales and questionnaires (VAS, LANSS, Pain Detect, and DN4). The levels of anxiety, depression, and catastrophic pain were also assessed. The effect of pain on quality of life was evaluated using the modified Brief Pain Inventory (BPI). All the selected patients underwent trial lead implantation at the first stage. Sacral root stimulation was used in 15 patients (unilateral one in 8 patients and bilateral one in 7 patients); three patients underwent spinal cord stimulation; 14 patients were treated with combined neurostimulation. RESULTS In 27 (84.37%) patients, the trial period was regarded as positive and the systems were implanted for chronic neurostimulation. After one year of stimulation, the mean VAS score for pain intensity was 3.53 (compared to 8.61 before the surgery). Regarding quality of life, the most significant effects of treatment were as follows: the number of pain paroxysms was reduced; physical self-maintenance, social life, sleep, and sexual activity were improved; and daily physical activity was increased. CONCLUSION . Neurostimulation ensures a stable pain relief and improves quality of life in patients with chronic pelvic pain refractory to conservative treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - A A Tomskiy
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - E V Dorokhov
- Burdenko Neurosurgical Institute, Moscow, Russia
| | - R V Salyukov
- People's Friendship University of Russia, Moscow, Russia
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As-Sanie S, Black R, Giudice LC, Gray Valbrun T, Gupta J, Jones B, Laufer MR, Milspaw AT, Missmer SA, Norman A, Taylor RN, Wallace K, Williams Z, Yong PJ, Nebel RA. Assessing research gaps and unmet needs in endometriosis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2019; 221:86-94. [PMID: 30790565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2019.02.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis, a systemic disease that is often painful and chronic, affects ∼10% of reproductive-age women. The disease can have a negative impact on a patient's physical and emotional well-being, quality of life, and productivity. Endometriosis also places significant economic and social burden on patients, their families, and society as a whole. Despite its high prevalence and cost, endometriosis remains underfunded and underresearched, greatly limiting our understanding of the disease and slowing much-needed innovation in diagnostic and treatment options. Due in part to the societal normalization of women's pain and stigma around menstrual issues, there is also a lack of disease awareness among patients, health care providers, and the public. The Society for Women's Health Research convened an interdisciplinary group of expert researchers, clinicians, and patients for a roundtable meeting to review the current state of the science on endometriosis and identify areas of need to improve a woman's diagnosis, treatment, and access to quality care. Comprehensive and interdisciplinary approaches to disease management and increased education and disease awareness for patients, health care providers, and the public are needed to remove stigma, increase timely and accurate diagnosis and treatment, and allow for new advancements.
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Nakame RM, Kiwanuka F, Robert A. Dysmenorrhoea among students aged 18-45 years attending University in Uganda: A cross-sectional multicenter study of three Universities in Uganda. Nurs Open 2019; 6:268-275. [PMID: 30918678 PMCID: PMC6419142 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM Dysmenorrhoea presents as pain associated with menstruation. It is often an issue discussed privately, yet it continues to affect girls and women with grave impact on their education, social activities and work. This study sought to assess the factors associated with dysmenorrhoea among female students aged 18-45 years in three selected universities in Kampala Capital city, Uganda. DESIGN AND METHODS The study was a cross-sectional study conducted among 351 female students of three Universities in Kampala, Uganda. Purposive sampling methods were used. A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection, a 95% confidence interval was considered and analysis was done using SPSS version 20. RESULTS Respondents (N = 351) fully completed the study out of 383 invited participants. The prevalence of dysmenorrhoea was 75.8%. Associated factors included having children (p < 0.05), daily consumption of sugary foods (p < 0.05) and family history of dysmenorrhoea (p < 0.01). CONCLUSION As nursing professionals, we believe comfort is a fundamental determinant of health. Therefore, evidence suggesting a high prevalence of dysmenorrhoea as revealed in this study is concerning. We recommend schools to have school clinics and school nurses who could help students during such days of discomfort. Further studies assessing the casual relationships of various correlates to dysmenorrhoea and the impact of dysmenorrhoea specifically on academic life of the students should be conducted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Mary Nakame
- Irise Uganda, YALI East Africa Alumni Gender Equality Task Force Research‐GroupNational Menstrual Steering CommitteeKampalaUganda
| | - Frank Kiwanuka
- Department of Critical Care NursingTehran University of Medical SciencesSchool of NursingTehranIran
| | - Afayo Robert
- Clarke International UniversitySchool of NursingKampalaUganda
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Moga MA, Dimienescu OG, Bălan A, Scârneciu I, Barabaș B, Pleș L. Therapeutic Approaches of Botulinum Toxin in Gynecology. Toxins (Basel) 2018; 10:toxins10040169. [PMID: 29690530 PMCID: PMC5923335 DOI: 10.3390/toxins10040169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Botulinum toxins (BoNTs) are produced by several anaerobic species of the genus Clostridium and, although they were originally considered lethal toxins, today they find their usefulness in the treatment of a wide range of pathologies in various medical specialties. Botulinum neurotoxin has been identified in seven different isoforms (BoNT-A, BoNT-B, BoNT-C, BoNT-D, BoNT-E, BoNT-F, and BoNT-G). Neurotoxigenic Clostridia can produce more than 40 different BoNT subtypes and, recently, a new BoNT serotype (BoNT-X) has been reported in some studies. BoNT-X has not been shown to actually be an active neurotoxin despite its catalytically active LC, so it should be described as a putative eighth serotype. The mechanism of action of the serotypes is similar: they inhibit the release of acetylcholine from the nerve endings but their therapeutically potency varies. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) is the most studied serotype for therapeutic purposes. Regarding the gynecological pathology, a series of studies based on the efficiency of its use in the treatment of refractory myofascial pelvic pain, vaginism, dyspareunia, vulvodynia and overactive bladder or urinary incontinence have been reported. The current study is a review of the literature regarding the efficiency of BoNT-A in the gynecological pathology and on the long and short-term effects of its administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Alexandru Moga
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov 500019, Romania.
| | - Oana Gabriela Dimienescu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov 500019, Romania.
| | - Andreea Bălan
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov 500019, Romania.
| | - Ioan Scârneciu
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov 500019, Romania.
| | - Barna Barabaș
- Department of Fundamental Disciplines and Clinical Prevention, Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov 500019, Romania.
| | - Liana Pleș
- Clinical Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Carol Davila University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020021, Romania.
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Ozyurek ES, Yoldemir T, Kalkan U. Surgical challenges in the treatment of perimenopausal and postmenopausal endometriosis. Climacteric 2018; 21:385-390. [DOI: 10.1080/13697137.2018.1439913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- E. S. Ozyurek
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Bagcilar Research and Training Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - T. Yoldemir
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Marmara University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - U. Kalkan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Egemed Hospital, Aydin, Turkey
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Gewandter JS, Chaudari J, Iwan KB, Kitt R, As-Sanie S, Bachmann G, Clemens Q, Lai HH, Tu F, Verne GN, Vincent K, Wesselmann U, Zhou Q, Turk DC, Dworkin RH, Smith SM. Research Design Characteristics of Published Pharmacologic Randomized Clinical Trials for Irritable Bowel Syndrome and Chronic Pelvic Pain Conditions: An ACTTION Systematic Review. THE JOURNAL OF PAIN 2018; 19:717-726. [PMID: 29412183 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpain.2018.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pain conditions occurring in the lower abdomen and pelvis are common, often challenging to manage, and can negatively affect health-related quality of life. Methodological challenges in designing randomized clinical trials (RCTs) for these conditions likely contributes to the limited number of available treatments. The goal of this systematic review of RCTs of pharmacologic treatments for irritable bowel syndrome and 3 common chronic pelvic pain conditions are to: 1) summarize the primary end points and entry criteria, and 2) evaluate the clarity of reporting of important methodological details. In total, 127 RCTs were included in the analysis. The most common inclusion criteria were a minimum pain duration (81%), fulfilling an established diagnostic criteria (61%), and reporting a minimum pain intensity (42%). Primary end points were identified for only 57% of trials. These end points, summarized in this article, were highly variable. The results of this systematic review can be used to inform future research to optimize the entry criteria and outcome measures for pain conditions occurring in the lower abdomen and pelvis, to increase transparency in reporting to allow for proper interpretation of RCT results for clinical and policy applications, and to facilitate the aggregation of data in meta-analyses. PERSPECTIVE This article summarizes entry criteria and outcome measures and the clarity of reporting of these important design features in RCTs of irritable bowel syndrome and 3 common chronic pelvic pain conditions. These results can be used to improve design of future trials of these largely unaddressed pain conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer S Gewandter
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York.
| | - Jenna Chaudari
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Katarzyna B Iwan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Rachel Kitt
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Sawsan As-Sanie
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - Gloria Bachmann
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Quentin Clemens
- Department of Urology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | - H Henry Lai
- Departments of Surgery and Anesthesiology, Washington University, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Frank Tu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, North Shore University Health System Evanston and University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - G Nicholas Verne
- Department of Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Katy Vincent
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ursula Wesselmann
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Neurology, and Psychology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - QiQi Zhou
- Nuffield Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Dennis C Turk
- Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington
| | - Robert H Dworkin
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
| | - Shannon M Smith
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York
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Allaire C, Williams C, Bodmer-Roy S, Zhu S, Arion K, Ambacher K, Wu J, Yosef A, Wong F, Noga H, Britnell S, Yager H, Bedaiwy MA, Albert AY, Lisonkova S, Yong PJ. Chronic pelvic pain in an interdisciplinary setting: 1-year prospective cohort. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 218:114.e1-114.e12. [PMID: 29031895 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic pelvic pain affects ∼15% of women, and presents a challenging problem for gynecologists due to its complex etiology involving multiple comorbidities. Thus, an interdisciplinary approach has been proposed for chronic pelvic pain, where these multifactorial comorbidities can be addressed by different interventions at a single integrated center. Moreover, while cross-sectional studies can provide some insight into the association between these comorbidities and chronic pelvic pain severity, prospective longitudinal cohorts can identify comorbidities associated with changes in chronic pelvic pain severity over time. OBJECTIVE We sought to describe trends and factors associated with chronic pelvic pain severity over a 1-year prospective cohort at an interdisciplinary center, with a focus on the role of comorbidities and controlling for baseline pain, demographic factors, and treatment effects. STUDY DESIGN This was a prospective 1-year cohort study at an interdisciplinary tertiary referral center for pelvic pain and endometriosis, which provides minimally invasive surgery, medical management, pain education, physiotherapy, and psychological therapies. Exclusion criteria included menopause or age >50 years. Sample size was 296 (57% response rate at 1 year; 296/525). Primary outcome was chronic pelvic pain severity at 1 year on an 11-point numeric rating scale (0-10), which was categorized for ordinal regression (none-mild 0-3, moderate 4-6, severe 7-10). Secondary outcomes included functional quality of life and health utilization. Baseline comorbidities were endometriosis, irritable bowel syndrome, painful bladder syndrome, abdominal wall pain, pelvic floor myalgia, and validated questionnaires for depression, anxiety, and catastrophizing. Multivariable ordinal regression was used to identify baseline comorbidities associated with the primary outcome at 1 year. RESULTS Chronic pelvic pain severity decreased by a median 2 points from baseline to 1 year (6/10-4/10, P < .001). There was also an improvement in functional quality of life (42-29% on the pain subscale of the Endometriosis Health Profile-30, P < .001), and a reduction in subjects requiring a physician visit (73-36%, P < .001) or emergency visit (24-11%, P < .001) in the last 3 months. On multivariable ordinal regression for the primary outcome, chronic pelvic pain severity at 1 year was independently associated with a higher score on the Pain Catastrophizing Scale at baseline (odds ratio, 1.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.00-1.21, P = .04), controlling for baseline pain, treatment effects (surgery), age, and referral status. CONCLUSION Improvements in chronic pelvic pain severity, quality of life, and health care utilization were observed in a 1-year cohort in an interdisciplinary setting. Higher pain catastrophizing at baseline was associated with greater chronic pelvic pain severity at 1 year. Consideration should be given to stratifying pelvic pain patients by catastrophizing level (rumination, magnification, helplessness) in research studies and in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Allaire
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Women's Center for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Christina Williams
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Women's Center for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sonja Bodmer-Roy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Women's Center for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sean Zhu
- BC Women's Center for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristina Arion
- BC Women's Center for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Kristin Ambacher
- BC Women's Center for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jessica Wu
- BC Women's Center for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Ali Yosef
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Women's Center for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Assuit University, Assuit, Egypt
| | - Fontayne Wong
- BC Women's Center for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Heather Noga
- BC Women's Center for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Susannah Britnell
- BC Women's Center for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Holly Yager
- BC Women's Center for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Mohamed A Bedaiwy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Women's Center for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Arianne Y Albert
- Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sarka Lisonkova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Paul J Yong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; BC Women's Center for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada; Women's Health Research Institute, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
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Yong PJ, Williams C, Yosef A, Wong F, Bedaiwy MA, Lisonkova S, Allaire C. Anatomic Sites and Associated Clinical Factors for Deep Dyspareunia. Sex Med 2017; 5:e184-e195. [PMID: 28778678 PMCID: PMC5562494 DOI: 10.1016/j.esxm.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2017] [Revised: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Deep dyspareunia negatively affects women’s sexual function. There is a known association between deep dyspareunia and endometriosis of the cul-de-sac or uterosacral ligaments in reproductive-age women; however, other factors are less clear in this population. Aim To identify anatomic sites and associated clinical factors for deep dyspareunia in reproductive-age women at a referral center. Methods This study involved the analysis of cross-sectional baseline data from a prospective database of 548 women (87% consent rate) recruited from December 2013 through April 2015 at a tertiary referral center for endometriosis and/or pelvic pain. Exclusion criteria included menopausal status, age at least 50 years, previous hysterectomy or oophorectomy, and not sexually active. We performed a standardized endovaginal ultrasound-assisted pelvic examination to palpate anatomic structures for tenderness and reproduce deep dyspareunia. Multivariable regression was used to determine which tender anatomic structures were independently associated with deep dyspareunia severity and to identify clinical factors independently associated with each tender anatomic site. Main Outcome Measure Severity of deep dyspareunia on a numeric pain rating scale of 0 to 10. Results Severity of deep dyspareunia (scale = 0–10) was independently associated with tenderness of the bladder (b = 0.88, P = .018), pelvic floor (levator ani) (b = 0.66, P = .038), cervix and uterus (b = 0.88, P = .008), and cul-de-sac or uterosacral ligaments (b = 1.39, P < .001), but not with the adnexa (b = −0.16, P = 0.87). The number of tender anatomic sites was significantly correlated with more severe deep dyspareunia (Spearman r = 0.34, P < .001). For associated clinical factors, greater depression symptom severity was specifically associated with tenderness of the bladder (b = 1.05, P = .008) and pelvic floor (b = 1.07, P < .001). A history of miscarriage was specifically associated with tenderness of the cervix and uterus (b = 2.24, P = .001). Endometriosis was specifically associated with tenderness of the cul-de-sac or uterosacral ligaments (b = 3.54, P < .001). Conclusions In reproductive-age women at a tertiary referral center, deep dyspareunia was independently associated not only with tenderness of the cul-de-sac and uterosacral ligaments but also with tenderness of the bladder, pelvic floor, and cervix and uterus. Yong PJ, Williams C, Yosef A, et al. Anatomic Sites and Associated Clinical Factors for Deep Dyspareunia. Sex Med 2017;5:e184–e195.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul J Yong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia; BC Women's Centre for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, BC, Canada.
| | - Christina Williams
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia; BC Women's Centre for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Ali Yosef
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia; BC Women's Centre for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Fontayne Wong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia; BC Women's Centre for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Mohamed A Bedaiwy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia; BC Women's Centre for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Sarka Lisonkova
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia; BC Women's Centre for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Catherine Allaire
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of British Columbia; BC Women's Centre for Pelvic Pain and Endometriosis, Vancouver, BC, Canada
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Malacarne DR, Ferrante KL, Brucker BM. Urologic and Gynecologic Sources of Pelvic Pain. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2017; 28:571-588. [PMID: 28676365 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmr.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Gynecologic and urologic etiologies are the sources of pelvic pain for many individuals. This article aims to provide a comprehensive review of the various genitourinary sources of pelvic pain. It is important to recognize that although these disorders predominantly affect women, there are various conditions that affect both men and women, and these should be considered in the differential diagnosis of patients presenting with pelvic pain. Providers who encounter patients with pelvic pain should attempt to localize these symptoms and obtain a comprehensive history from the patient to help direct diagnostic evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominique R Malacarne
- Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 150 East 32nd Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA; Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 150 East 32nd Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Kimberly L Ferrante
- Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, New York University School of Medicine, 462 1st Avenue, Room 9 E2, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Urology, New York University School of Medicine, 462 1st Avenue, Room 9 E2, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Benjamin M Brucker
- Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Neurourology and Voiding Dysfunction, Tisch Hospital, NYU Langone Medical Center, 12 East, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Urology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 150 East 32nd Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, NYU Langone Medical Center, 150 East 32nd Street, 2nd Floor, New York, NY 10016, USA.
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23
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Carey ET, Till SR, As-Sanie S. Pharmacological Management of Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women. Drugs 2017; 77:285-301. [DOI: 10.1007/s40265-016-0687-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Selected Disorders of the Female Reproductive System. Fam Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-04414-9_115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Mieritz RM, Thorhauge K, Forman A, Mieritz HB, Hartvigsen J, Christensen HW. Musculoskeletal Dysfunctions in Patients With Chronic Pelvic Pain: A Preliminary Descriptive Survey. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2016; 39:616-622. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2016.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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New developments in the pharmacotherapy of neuropathic chronic pelvic pain. Future Sci OA 2016; 2:FSO148. [PMID: 28116131 PMCID: PMC5242194 DOI: 10.4155/fsoa-2016-0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Advancements in further understanding the pathophysiology of chronic pelvic pain syndromes continue to direct therapy. The mechanisms of chronic pelvic pain are often multifactorial and therefore require a multidisciplinary approach. The final treatment plan is often an accumulation of organ-specific treatment and chronic pain medications directed to the CNS and PNS. This article is a review of commonly used medications for chronic pelvic neuropathic pain disorders as well as an introduction to recent innovative developments in pain medicine.
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Siedentopf F, Wowro E, Möckel M, Kentenich H, David M. Patients Presenting to the Emergency Unit with Gynaecological Lower Abdominal Pain, with and without Pathological Clinical Findings - Service Utilisation, Pain History, Implications. Geburtshilfe Frauenheilkd 2016; 76:952-959. [PMID: 27681519 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-104929] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Few studies have evaluated the utilisation of emergency gynaecological services, although lower abdominal pain (LAP) is one of the most common symptoms prompting emergency presentation. Although such pain may be caused by potentially life-threatening gynaecological diseases, very often no clinical cause is found. The aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of emergency presentations in order to enable quicker identification of real emergencies in routine clinical practice. Materials and Methods: Standardised, so-called first aid cards of 1066 consecutive patients with LAP presenting acutely to one emergency unit were analysed in this retrospective, cross-sectional study. Results: Over one third of cases did not constitute actual medical emergencies on objective criteria, with investigations yielding "no pathological findings". Parameters were identified that more often lead to hospital admission, e.g. palpation of a mass/resistance or at least one pathological ultrasound finding. In addition, it was found that symptoms of longer duration (average 8 days), and not only acute LAP, were also often experienced by patients as emergencies. Conclusion: A diagnosis of "no pathological findings", which was common in our study, suggests a subjective experience of an emergency from the patient's point of view, although the possibility of unrecognised pathology has to be borne in mind. Apart from functional disorders, the origins of symptoms may include psychosomatic causes and psychosocial problems, which cannot be further defined in the emergency care setting. Also, the phenomenon of increased utilisation of emergency services parallel to the assumed opening hours of routine outpatient care facilities must be seen in a critical light.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - E Wowro
- Vivantes, Auguste-Viktoria-Klinikum, Klinik für Neurologie, Berlin
| | - M Möckel
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum und Campus Mitte, Arbeitsbereich Notfallmedizin/Rettungsstellen mit Aufnahmestationen und CPUs, Berlin
| | | | - M David
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Klinik für Gynäkologie, Berlin
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Doggweiler R, Whitmore KE, Meijlink JM, Drake MJ, Frawley H, Nordling J, Hanno P, Fraser MO, Homma Y, Garrido G, Gomes MJ, Elneil S, van de Merwe JP, Lin ATL, Tomoe H. A standard for terminology in chronic pelvic pain syndromes: A report from the chronic pelvic pain working group of the international continence society. Neurourol Urodyn 2016; 36:984-1008. [PMID: 27564065 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Terms used in the field of chronic pelvic pain (CPP) are poorly defined and often confusing. An International Continence Society (ICS) Standard for Terminology in chronic pelvic pain syndromes (CPPS) has been developed with the aim of improving diagnosis and treatment of patients affected by chronic pelvic pain syndromes. The standard aims to facilitate research, enhance therapy development and support healthcare delivery, for healthcare providers, and patients. This document looks at the whole person and all the domains (organ systems) in a systematic way. METHODS A dedicated working group (WG) was instituted by the ICS Standardisation Steering Committee according to published procedures. The WG extracted information from existing relevant guidelines, consensus documents, and scientific publications. Medline and other databases were searched in relation to each chronic pelvic pain domain from 1980 to 2014. Existing ICS Standards for terminology were utilized where appropriate to ensure transparency, accessibility, flexibility, and evolution. Consensus was based on majority agreement. RESULTS The multidisciplinary CPPS Standard reports updated consensus terminology in nine domains; lower urinary tract, female genital, male genital, gastrointestinal, musculoskeletal, neurological aspects, psychological aspects, sexual aspects, and comorbidities. Each is described in terms of symptoms, signs and further evaluation. CONCLUSION The document presents preferred terms and definitions for symptoms, signs, and evaluation (diagnostic work-up) of female and male patients with chronic pelvic pain syndromes, serving as a platform for ongoing development in this field. Neurourol. Urodynam. 36:984-1008, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristene E Whitmore
- Chair of Urology and Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jane M Meijlink
- International Painful Bladder Foundation, Naarden, Netherlands
| | - Marcus J Drake
- Department of Urology, School of Clinical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Helena Frawley
- Physiotherapy at La Trobe University, Melbourne, Cabrini Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jørgen Nordling
- Department of Urology, University of Copenhagen, Herlev Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | - Philip Hanno
- Department of Urology, Division of Urology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Matthew O Fraser
- Department of Urology Surgery, Duke University and Durham Veterans Affairs Medical Centers, Durham, North Carolina
| | - Yukio Homma
- Department of Urology, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Gustavo Garrido
- Head of Voiding Dysfunctions and Urodynamics Section, Urology Division, Hospital de Clínicas, University of Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mario J Gomes
- Department of Urology, St. António Hospital, Oporto, Portugal
| | - Sohier Elneil
- Department of Urogynecology, University College Hospital, National Hospital for Neurology and Neurosurgery, GB
| | | | - Alex T L Lin
- Department of Urology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, National Yang Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hikaru Tomoe
- Department of Urogynecology, Chair of Pelvic Reconstructive Surgery and Urology, Tokyo Women's Medical University Medical Center East, Japan
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Jarrell J, Arendt-Nielsen L. Allodynia and Dysmenorrhea. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2016; 38:270-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Abdominal Wall Pain in Women With Chronic Pelvic Pain. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2016; 38:154-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jogc.2015.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review was to assess recent research (the last 18 months) and its impact on understanding sexual pain disorders relevant to daily clinical practice. RECENT FINDINGS It has been highlighted that sexual pain is related to the number of tender points, pressure pain threshold, more deliberate fear and less global positive affective associations with sexual stimuli, episiotomy, attachment styles, drug abuse and the influence of ambivalence over emotional expression in couples.The efficacy of a multidisciplinary vulvodynia programme of treatment, another type of therapy based on the fear-avoidance and pain self-efficacy model and a novel cognitive-behavioral couple therapy has been stated. SUMMARY There is a gradual advance in the knowledge of sexual pain disorder etiology. At the same time different therapeutics strategies have been increasing, but it is necessary to introduce guidelines on the basis of the evidence to approach with efficacy this severe disorder. VIDEO ABSTRACT http://links.lww.com/YCO/A31.
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Chao MT, Abercrombie PD, Nakagawa S, Gregorich SE, Learman LA, Kuppermann M. Prevalence and use of complementary health approaches among women with chronic pelvic pain in a prospective cohort study. PAIN MEDICINE (MALDEN, MASS.) 2015; 16:328-40. [PMID: 25279935 PMCID: PMC4329048 DOI: 10.1111/pme.12585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of and factors associated with use of complementary health approaches among women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP). DESIGN We analyzed data from the Study of Pelvic Problems, Hysterectomy, and Intervention Alternatives, a prospective cohort study of women seeking care for noncancerous pelvic problems with intact uteri at enrollment. Among a subset of 699 participants who reported having CPP, we analyzed the prevalence of complementary health approaches used and associated patient sociodemographic and clinical characteristics, health-related quality of life, attitudes and beliefs, and conventional health care practices. RESULTS At baseline, slightly over one-half (51%) of women with CPP used at least one complementary health approach in the past year, including acupuncture (8%), special foods or diets (22%), herbs (27%), and vitamins and minerals (29%). During follow-up surveys conducted annually for 4 years, a substantial proportion of women (44.8%) used complementary health approaches at more than half of the assessments. Users of complementary health approaches were more likely to undergo a hysterectomy or oophorectomy or to use gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists or opioids during the study compared with nonusers. Women with CPP who used complementary health approaches also had more optimal health-related quality of life measured by the Pelvic Problem Impact Questionnaire (31.6 vs 25.6, P < 0.001). CONCLUSION(S) Many women with CPP consistently use complementary health approaches. The substantial interest in and high prevalence of complementary health approaches used alongside conventional medical approaches highlight the need for better understanding of multimodal approaches to address the complex condition of CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria T Chao
- Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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Holbrook S, Wolf S. Selected Disorders of the Female Reproductive System. Fam Med 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-0779-3_115-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Yong PJ, Mui J, Allaire C, Williams C. Pelvic Floor Tenderness in the Etiology of Superficial Dyspareunia. JOURNAL OF OBSTETRICS AND GYNAECOLOGY CANADA 2014; 36:1002-1009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1701-2163(15)30414-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Boyer SC, Pukall CF. Pelvic examination experiences in women with and without chronic pain during intercourse. J Sex Med 2014; 11:3035-50. [PMID: 25243968 DOI: 10.1111/jsm.12701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Although pelvic examinations (PEs) are an important component of women's health, some women experience difficulty during PEs due to anxiety and pain. These difficulties may be heightened in women with chronic pain during sexual intercourse. Some evidence suggests that this population experiences pain and distress during PEs, but their experiences in this context have not been empirically investigated from a multidimensional perspective. AIMS The aims of this study were to compare the PE experiences of women with and without pain during intercourse and to examine predictors of negative experiences in each group. METHOD Women with vulvovaginal pain (n = 90), pelvic pain (n = 89), and women without current intercourse pain (n = 207) completed an online survey including sections assessing demographics, gynecological and medical history, and PE experiences. Respondents completed questionnaires assessing vaginal penetration cognitions and body image. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Participants rated their most recent PE on numerical scales for pain, embarrassment, anxiety, and the overall quality of the experience. RESULTS Women with pelvic and vulvovaginal pain during intercourse reported significantly more pain and anxiety during their most recent PE compared with the no pain group, and women with a higher number of lifetime gynecological diagnoses reported significantly more pain. Multiple regression analyses indicated that various predisposing, examination-related, and psychological factors predicted specific PE ratings in each group. CONCLUSIONS The results provide empirical support that PEs are more physically and emotionally difficult for women who experience chronic pain during intercourse. These findings have important clinical implications, as PEs are a critical part of complete reproductive care and play an essential role in the assessment/management of sexual pain, including Genito-Pelvic Pain/Penetration Disorder.
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Paiva S, Carneiro MM. Complementary and Alternative Medicine in the Treatment of Chronic Pelvic Pain in Women: What Is the Evidence? ISRN PAIN 2013; 2013:469575. [PMID: 27335875 PMCID: PMC4893403 DOI: 10.1155/2013/469575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2012] [Accepted: 10/04/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is defined as pain of at least 6 months' duration that occurs in the lower abdomen or below the umbilicus and has resulted in functional or psychological disability or required intervention and treatment. Therapeutic interventions center around the treatment of CPP as a diagnosis in and of itself, and treatment of specific disorders that may be related to CPP. A multidisciplinary approach for diagnosis and treatment seems to be most effective for symptomatic relief. This paper reviews the evidence for such interventions as psychological treatments including the use of complementary and alternative medicine techniques for CPP in women. Unfortunately, finding the best evidence in this setting is difficult as only very few randomized controlled trials are available. A combination of treatments is usually required over time for the treatment of refractory CPP. The multifactorial nature of CPP needs to be discussed with the patient and a good rapport as well as a partnership needs to be developed to plan a management program with regular followup. Promotion of a multidisciplinary approach which includes complementary and alternative medicine techniques in managing CPP in women seems to yield the best results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Paiva
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Alfredo Balena 110, Santa Efigênia, 30150-270 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Márcia Mendonça Carneiro
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG), Avenida Alfredo Balena 110, Santa Efigênia, 30150-270 Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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Cotton-tipped applicator test: validity and reliability in chronic pelvic pain. Am J Obstet Gynecol 2013; 208:52.e1-5. [PMID: 23159690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajog.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Revised: 09/27/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to assess the concurrent validity and interrater reliability of the cotton-tipped applicator (CTA) test as a screening tool for diagnosis of cutaneous allodynia in patients with viscerally related chronic pelvic pain (CPP). STUDY DESIGN We performed a prospective cohort comparative observational study of referred patients to a gynecology clinic with CPP. A total of 22 females with CPP were compared to 23 pain-free controls and 12 cyclic pain patients. Participants were evaluated by 2 clinicians. The CTA test was performed to detect the appearance of pain in dermatomes of T10-L1. RESULTS Interrater reliability resulted in 98% agreement for the 3 study groups. CTA test showed 73% sensitivity and 100% specificity for differentiating patients with CPP from pain-free patients. CONCLUSION The CTA test had excellent interrater reliability and concurrent validity for diagnosis of cutaneous allodynia in CPP patients with visceral diseases versus controls.
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Abstract
Dry needling is a common treatment technique in orthopedic manual physical therapy. Although various dry needling approaches exist, the more common and best supported approach targets myofascial trigger points. This article aims to place trigger point dry needling within the context of pain sciences. From a pain science perspective, trigger points are constant sources of peripheral nociceptive input leading to peripheral and central sensitization. Dry needling cannot only reverse some aspects of central sensitization, it reduces local and referred pain, improves range of motion and muscle activation pattern, and alters the chemical environment of trigger points. Trigger point dry needling should be based on a thorough understanding of the scientific background of trigger points, the differences and similarities between active and latent trigger points, motor adaptation, and central sensitize application. Several outcome studies are included, as well as comments on dry needling and acupuncture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dommerholt
- Bethesda Physiocare, Bethesda, MD, USA ; Myopain Seminars, Bethesda, MD, USA
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Chao MT, Abercrombie PD, Duncan LG. Centering as a model for group visits among women with chronic pelvic pain. J Obstet Gynecol Neonatal Nurs 2012; 41:703-10. [PMID: 22862426 PMCID: PMC3492518 DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6909.2012.01406.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Providing comprehensive care for chronic pelvic pain is impeded by time and resource constraints of the standard health care visit. To provide patient education, psychosocial support, and health care assessment, we developed group visits for women with chronic pelvic pain using an evidence-based, holistic nursing approach. In this article, we describe the structure of group visits, the process of conducting Centering group visits focused on empowerment, and the content of a holistic curriculum for women with chronic pelvic pain.
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Abstract
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) is one of the most common pain conditions affecting women and can have a significant impact on quality of life. Assessment of women with CPP is best approached in a comprehensive, systematic manner that includes exploration of physiological and psychological causes. A range of treatment options that draw from conventional medicine and complementary and alternative modalities should be offered. The women's health nurse plays a pivotal role in all aspects of care.
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Jarrell J. Endometriosis and abdominal myofascial pain in adults and adolescents. Curr Pain Headache Rep 2012; 15:368-76. [PMID: 21755274 DOI: 10.1007/s11916-011-0218-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Endometriosis and myofascial pain are common disorders with significant impact on quality of life. Increasingly, these conditions are being recognized as highly interconnected through processes that have been described for more than a century. This review is directed to this interconnection through a description of the relationships of endometriosis to proposed mechanisms of pain and chronic pain physiology; the clinical assessment of myofascial representations of this pain; and an approach to the management of these interconnected disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Jarrell
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.
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Jarrell J, Giamberardino MA, Robert M, Nasr-Esfahani M. Bedside testing for chronic pelvic pain: discriminating visceral from somatic pain. PAIN RESEARCH AND TREATMENT 2011; 2011:692102. [PMID: 22135736 PMCID: PMC3216293 DOI: 10.1155/2011/692102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/19/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. This study was done to evaluate three bedside tests in discriminating visceral pain from somatic pain among women with chronic pelvic pain. Study Design. The study was an exploratory cross-sectional evaluation of 81 women with chronic pelvic pain of 6 or more months' duration. Tests included abdominal cutaneous allodynia (aCA), perineal cutaneous allodynia (pCA), abdominal and perineal myofascial trigger points (aMFTP) and (pMFTP), and reduced pain thresholds (RPTs). Results. Eighty-one women were recruited, and all women provided informed consent. There were 62 women with apparent visceral pain and 19 with apparent somatic sources of pain. The positive predictive values for pelvic visceral disease were aCA-93%, pCA-91%, aMFTP-93%, pMFTP-81%, and RPT-79%. The likelihood ratio (+) and 95% C.I. for the detection of visceral sources of pain were aCA-4.19 (1.46, 12.0), pCA-2.91 (1.19, 7.11), aMTRP-4.19 (1.46, 12.0), pMFTP-1.35 (0.86, 2.13), and RPT-1.14 (0.85, 1.52), respectively. Conclusions. Tests of cutaneous allodynia, myofascial trigger points, and reduced pain thresholds are easily applied and well tolerated. The tests for cutaneous allodynia appear to have the greatest likelihood of identifying a visceral source of pain compared to somatic sources of pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Jarrell
- Calgary Chronic Pain Centre and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calgary, 1403 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 2T9
| | - Maria Adele Giamberardino
- Pathophysiology of Pain Laboratory, Department of Medicine and Science of Aging, “G. D'Annunzio” University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
| | - Magali Robert
- Calgary Chronic Pain Centre and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calgary, 1403 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 2T9
| | - Maryam Nasr-Esfahani
- Calgary Chronic Pain Centre and Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Calgary, 1403 29th Street NW, Calgary, AB, Canada T2N 2T9
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Jarrell J. Annual Repeat Rates of Laparoscopic Surgery: A Marker of Practice Variation. Am J Med Qual 2010; 25:378-83. [DOI: 10.1177/1062860610366588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Guilbert ER, Brown JP, Kaunitz AM, Wagner MS, Bérubé J, Charbonneau L, Francoeur D, Gilbert A, Gilbert F, Roy G, Senikas V, Jacob R, Morin R. The use of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate in contraception and its potential impact on skeletal health. Contraception 2009; 79:167-77. [PMID: 19185668 DOI: 10.1016/j.contraception.2008.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2008] [Revised: 10/08/2008] [Accepted: 10/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the fall of 2007, the controversy about the contraceptive use of depot-medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) and its potential impact on skeletal health reached the media in the province of Quebec, Canada, thereby becoming a matter of concern for the lay public and physicians. In order to discuss this subject openly, the National Institute of Public Health of Quebec (INSPQ) organized a scientific meeting on February 15, 2008, with targeted physicians delegated by their medical associations in the fields of general practice, obstetrics and gynaecology, rheumatology, orthopaedic surgery, physiatry and endocrinology. STUDY DESIGN Participants reviewed the scientific literature using the study classification method according to the level of evidence, reviewed published guidelines of medical societies and organizations on the subject and reached a consensus position. This manuscript presents a review of the literature and describes the consensus position of the targeted medical associations. RESULTS The consensus position adopted by all the targeted medical associations determined that DMPA was a cost-effective contraceptive option that must be considered in the light of the clinical situation and preference of each woman. Candidates for injectable contraception should be informed that the use of DMPA is associated with a slight decrease in bone mineral density (BMD), which is largely, if not completely, reversible. There should not be an absolute limit to the length of time that the DMPA contraceptive is used, regardless of the woman's age. Monitoring BMD is not recommended among users of DMPA for contraceptive purposes. Finally, the consensus statement declared that, although supplements of calcium and vitamin D are beneficial for skeletal health for women in general, such supplementation should not be recommended solely based on a woman's use of DMPA. CONCLUSION Given the scientific evidences, DMPA use remains a valid contraceptive option for women. Its potential impact on BMD must be balanced against the significant individual, familial and social consequences of unintended pregnancy.
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Di Spiezio Sardo A, Guida M, Bettocchi S, Nappi L, Sorrentino F, Bifulco G, Nappi C. Role of hysteroscopy in evaluating chronic pelvic pain. Fertil Steril 2007; 90:1191-6. [PMID: 17880955 DOI: 10.1016/j.fertnstert.2007.07.1351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2007] [Revised: 07/23/2007] [Accepted: 07/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a survey of various gynecological conditions causing chronic pelvic pain (CPP) that might be diagnosed by hysteroscopy. DESIGN Review article. SETTING Departments of obstetrics and gynecology and pathophysiology of human reproduction at a university in Italy. PATIENT(S) Women affected by CPP. INTERVENTION(S) Hysteroscopy. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Effectiveness in diagnosing intrauterine pathologies that cause CPP. RESULT(S) Hysteroscopy is highly effective in diagnosing various gynecological causes of CPP, including adenomyosis, chronic endometritis, Müllerian anomalies, retained fetal bones, endocervical ossification, and intrauterine abnormalities. Furthermore, hysteroscopy may play a primary role in the resolution of some of these conditions. CONCLUSION(S) Because it can be executed safely in an office setting without anesthesia, hysteroscopy may be indicated, together with the other noninvasive procedures such as transvaginal ultrasonography, as a first-level investigation in women who are affected by CPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Attilio Di Spiezio Sardo
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics and Pathophysiology of Human Reproduction, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy.
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Peters AAW, Van den Tillaart SAHM. The difficult patient in gastroenterology: chronic pelvic pain, adhesions, and sub occlusive episodes. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol 2007; 21:445-63. [PMID: 17544110 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpg.2007.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Chronic pelvic pain (CPP) with or without adhesions and symptoms of intestinal occlusion is a complex but relatively common complaint. The etiology and pathophysiology of CPP and adhesions are unclear, as is their possible relation. However, it is evident that continuous abdominal pain leads to evident suffering and disability. Unfortunately, there is little proof or evidence of success for many of the currently used diagnostic and therapeutic interventions. Laparoscopy is neither the ultimate evaluation nor the panacea for CPP or intra abdominal adhesions. An integral approach to CPP has shown beneficial results. In this multidisciplinary approach dealing with the pain is far more important than finding an organic cause and cure for the pain. Equal and simultaneous attention is paid to psychosocial, sexual and somatic aspects. The treatment of adhesions depends on the extent of symptoms and complaints. Because of the questionable relation between adhesions and pain, and the probability of reformation and de novo adhesion formation after surgery, adhesiolysis should be avoided. Even for patients with signs and symptoms of small bowel obstruction a conservative treatment is often justified. These patients require careful evaluation and management. Frequent reassessment is important to rule out impending strangulation, complete obstruction or perforation. Water soluble contrast can be useful to justify prolongation of conservative treatment and by that postpone unnecessary surgery. Most adhesive small bowel obstructions resolve following conservative treatment. The unsolved questions about etiology, diagnosis, treatment and prevention, and the great individual and community burden of CPP and adhesions clearly show that further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A W Peters
- Department of Gynaecology, Leiden University Medical Centre, K-6-P, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
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Abstract
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a common condition that is encountered by a variety of healthcare professionals. Unfortunately, physicians often misdiagnose this problem or recommend inappropriate and sometimes dangerous treatments that offer little hope of successful outcome. In addition, CPPS is typically a multifaceted disorder, simultaneously compromising psychological, peripheral nerve, autonomic, central nervous, visceral, connective tissue, hormonal and other systems. Thus, solo practitioners who may correctly diagnose CPSS are often ill-equipped to provide adequate comprehensive, multidisciplinary treatment. This article is intended as an overview of the most recent literature in support of various treatment modalities for chronic pelvic pain in men and women. We advocate a team-oriented approach in the treatment of CPPS, which employs the coordinated efforts of multiple practitioners, ideally in a subspecialty care setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetan Moise
- Department of Neurological Surgery, NY 10032, USA
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