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Lee WH, Kung YY, Sun CK, Chang CH, Peng WY, Lin LC, Hsu CH, Yang MH, Tsai TH. The anti-COVID-19 drug nirmatrelvir crosses the blood‒brain barrier and exhibits herb-drug pharmacokinetic interactions with Scutellaria baicalensis formulations. Heliyon 2024; 10:e34820. [PMID: 39170551 PMCID: PMC11336326 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e34820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Aim of the study Our hypothesis is that nirmatrelvir can penetrate the blood‒brain barrier and reach effective concentrations in the brain. Furthermore, herbal formulations can help maintain nirmatrelvir levels in the body, suggesting potential interactions between these medications. Materials and methods To investigate this hypothesis, an animal model combining multisite microdialysis, ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) methods was developed to monitor nirmatrelvir levels in the blood and brain of rats. Results The pharmacokinetic results showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of nirmatrelvir in the blood and brain was 798.3 ± 58.56 and 187.2 ± 23.46 min μg/mL, respectively, after the administration of nirmatrelvir alone (15 mg/kg, iv). When the Scutellaria baicalensis formulations were administered for five consecutive days prior to drug administration, the AUC of nirmatrelvir in the blood increased. Conclusions These results provide constructive preclinical information that the concentrations of nirmatrelvir in the blood and brain were greater than the effective concentration (EC90) for more than 6 h, and the Scutellaria baicalensis formulations had synergistic pharmacokinetic effects by increasing the concentration of nirmatrelvir in the blood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hsin Lee
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ying Kung
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Traditional Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Kai Sun
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hao Chang
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Ya Peng
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Lie-Chwen Lin
- National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Ministry of Health and Welfare, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Hua Hsu
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Branch of Linsen Chinese and Kunming, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Muh-Hwa Yang
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, College of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 404, Taiwan
- School of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 807, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Law and Interdisciplinary Studies, College of Law, National Chengchi University, Taipei, 116, Taiwan
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Passos CCO, Bezerra LL, da Rocha MN, Alves DR, Marinho MM, Marinho ES, de Morais SM. Studies of the Croton nepetaefolius Bail. essential oil and constituents as anticholinesterase agents against Alzheimer’s disease. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-022-02611-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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3
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Weng Q, Chen C, Xiong J, Liu YN, Pan X, Cui J, Cai JP, Xu RA. Effect of Baicalein on the Pharmacokinetics of Cilostazol and Its Two Metabolites in Rat Plasma Using UPLC-MS/MS Method. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:888054. [PMID: 35571101 PMCID: PMC9091372 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.888054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the effect of baicalein on the pharmacokinetics of cilostazol (CLZ) and its two metabolites 3,4-dehydro cilostazol (3,4-CLZ) and 4'-trans-hydroxy cilostazol (4'-CLZ) in rats using a newly established ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method. Ticagrelor was used as an internal standard (IS), then cilostazol and its two metabolites were separated by means of a UPLC BEH C18 column (2.1 mm × 50 mm, 1.7 μm) using gradient elution method with 0.4 ml/min of flow rate. Acetonitrile as organic phase and water with 0.1% formic acid as aqueous phase constructed the mobile phase. Selective reaction monitoring (SRM) mode and positive ion mode were preferentially chosen to detect the analytes. Twelve SD rats were divided into two groups (n = 6) when CLZ was administered orally (10 mg/kg) with or without oral baicalein (80 mg/kg). The selectivity, linearity, recovery, accuracy, precision, matrix effect and stability of UPLC-MS/MS assay were satisfied with the standards of United States Food and Drug Administration guidelines. In control group, AUC0-∞ and Cmax of CLZ were 2,169.5 ± 363.1 ng/ml*h and 258.9 ± 82.6 ng/ml, respectively. The corresponding results were 3,767.6 ± 1,049.8 ng/ml*h and 308.6 ± 87.9 ng/ml for 3, 4-CLZ, 728.8 ± 189.9 ng/ml*h and 100.3 ± 51.3 ng/ml for 4'-CLZ, respectively. After combination with baicalein, AUC0-∞ and Cmax of CLZ were 1.48, 1.38 times higher than the controls. Additionally, AUC0-∞ and Cmax were separately decreased by 36.12 and 19.54% for 3,4-CLZ, 13.11 and 44.37% for 4'-CLZ. Baicalein obviously alters the pharmacokinetic parameters of CLZ, 3,4-CLZ and 4'-CLZ in rats. These results suggested that there was a potential drug-drug interaction between baicalein and CLZ. Therefore, it must raise the awareness when concomitant use of CLZ with baicalein, the dosage regimen of CLZ should be taken into consideration, if this result is confirmed in clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Weng
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (Wenzhou People's Hospital), Wenzhou, China
| | - Chaojie Chen
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianhua Xiong
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shanghai University (Wenzhou People's Hospital), Wenzhou, China
| | - Ya-Nan Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xinxin Pan
- School of Pharmacy, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ju Cui
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Ping Cai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China.,The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Institute of Geriatrics, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing Hospital/National Center of Gerontology of National Health Commission, Beijing, China
| | - Ren-Ai Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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Oliveira RC, Bandeira PN, Lemos TG, dos Santos HS, Julião MS, Marinho ES, Lopes FFDS, de Morais SM, da Hora JP, Bento AJDM, Lima IK, Nogueira CE, Saraiva GD, Barreto AC, Braz-Filho R, Teixeira AM. Spectroscopic, physicochemical, and pharmacokinetic analysis of α,β-amyrin mixture obtained from Protium heptaphyllum (Aubl.) Marchand resin. J Mol Struct 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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WU J, CHEN H, WANG D, ZHAO X. Effect of Clerodendranthus spicatus (Thunb.) C. Y. Wu on the exercise ability of D-galactose-induced oxidative aging mice. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.09822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dan WANG
- China University of Geosciences, China
| | - Xin ZHAO
- Chongqing University of Education, China
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6
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Meng M, Li X, Zhang X, Sun B. Baicalein inhibits the pharmacokinetics of simvastatin in rats via regulating the activity of CYP3A4. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2021; 59:880-883. [PMID: 34214011 PMCID: PMC8259816 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2021.1942927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Baicalein and simvastatin possess similar pharmacological activities and indications. The risk of their co-administration was unclear. OBJECTIVE The interaction between baicalein and simvastatin was investigated to provide reference and guidance for the clinical application of the combination of these two drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The pharmacokinetics of simvastatin was investigated in Sprague-Dawley rats (n = 6). The rats were pre-treated with 20 mg/kg baicalein for 10 days and then administrated with 40 mg/kg simvastatin. The single administration of simvastatin was set as the control group. The rat liver microsomes were employed to assess the metabolic stability and the effect of baicalein on the activity of CYP3A4. RESULTS Baicalein significantly increased the AUC(0-t) (2018.58 ± 483.11 vs. 653.05 ± 160.10 μg/L × h) and Cmax (173.69 ± 35.49 vs. 85.63 ± 13.28 μg/L) of simvastatin. The t1/2 of simvastatin was prolonged by baicalein in vivo and in vitro. The metabolic stability of simvastatin was also improved by the co-administration of baicalein. Baicalein showed an inhibitory effect on the activity of CYP3A4 with the IC50 value of 12.03 μM, which is responsible for the metabolism of simvastatin. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The co-administration of baicalein and simvastatin may induce drug-drug interaction through inhibiting CYP3A4. The dose of baicalein and simvastatin should be adjusted when they are co-administrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Meng
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Nursing, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Xiuwen Zhang
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Sun
- Department of Emergency, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, Weifang, Shandong, China
- CONTACT Bin Sun Department of Emergency, Yidu Central Hospital of Weifang, No. 4138, South Linglongshan Road, Weifang, Shandong262500, China
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Chen LC, Cheng WJ, Lin SY, Hung MT, Sheu MT, Lin HL, Hsieh CM. CPT11 with P-glycoprotein/CYP 3A4 dual-function inhibitor by self-nanoemulsifying nanoemulsion combined with gastroretentive technology to enhance the oral bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy against pancreatic adenocarcinomas. Drug Deliv 2021; 28:2205-2217. [PMID: 34662257 PMCID: PMC8525948 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2021.1989087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic efficacies of orally administrated hydrophobic chemodrugs are decreased by poor water solubilities and reduced oral bioavailabilities by P-glycoprotein (P-gp) and CYP450. In this study, CPT11 alone or combined with dual-function inhibitors (baicalein (BA) silymarin (SM), glycyrrhizic acid (GA), and glycyrrhetinic acid (GLA)) of P-gp and CYP450 loaded in a lecithin-based self-nanoemulsifying nanoemulsion preconcentrate (LBSNENP) to improve the solubility and inhibit the elimination by P-gp and CYP450. Results revealed that the LBSNENP composed of Capryol 90, lecithin/Tween 80/Cremophor EL, and propylene glycol at a weight ratio of 18:58:24 (designated PC90C10P0) was optimally selected. Encapsulating CPT11 with PEO-7000K in PC90C10P10/30 further enhanced the resultant hydrogel to be gastro-retainable and to release CPT11 in a sustained manner. Pharmacokinetic study of CPT11-loaded PC90C10P0 administered orally revealed an absolute bioavailability (FAB, vs. intravenous CPT11) of 7.8 ± 1.01% and a relative bioavailability (FRB1, vs. oral solution of CPT11) of 70.7 ± 8.6% with a longer half-life (T1/2) and mean residence time (MRT). Among the dual-function inhibitors, SM was shown to be the most influential in increasing the oral bioavailability of CPT11. SM also increased the plasma concentration of the SN-38 active metabolite, which formed from the enhanced plasma concentration of CPT11. It is concluded that treatment with CPT11 loaded in PC90C10P0 with or without solubilization with SM could expose tumors to higher plasma concentrations of both CPT11 and SN-38 leading to enhancement of tumor growth inhibition with no signs of adverse effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Chun Chen
- Department of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Technology, Yuanpei University of Medical Technology, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Jie Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shyr-Yi Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of General Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tse Hung
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Thau Sheu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hong-Liang Lin
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Ming Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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8
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Spectroscopic analysis by NMR, FT-Raman, ATR-FTIR, and UV-Vis, evaluation of antimicrobial activity, and in silico studies of chalcones derived from 2-hydroxyacetophenone. J Mol Struct 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2021.130647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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9
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Kaluzhskiy L, Ershov P, Yablokov E, Shkel T, Grabovec I, Mezentsev Y, Gnedenko O, Usanov S, Shabunya P, Fatykhava S, Popov A, Artyukov A, Styshova O, Gilep A, Strushkevich N, Ivanov A. Human Lanosterol 14-Alpha Demethylase (CYP51A1) Is a Putative Target for Natural Flavonoid Luteolin 7,3'-Disulfate. Molecules 2021; 26:2237. [PMID: 33924405 PMCID: PMC8070018 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26082237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Widespread pathologies such as atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome and cancer are associated with dysregulation of sterol biosynthesis and metabolism. Cholesterol modulates the signaling pathways of neoplastic transformation and tumor progression. Lanosterol 14-alpha demethylase (cytochrome P450(51), CYP51A1) catalyzes one of the key steps in cholesterol biosynthesis. The fairly low somatic mutation frequency of CYP51A1, its druggability, as well as the possibility of interfering with cholesterol metabolism in cancer cells collectively suggest the clinical importance of CYP51A1. Here, we show that the natural flavonoid, luteolin 7,3'-disulfate, inhibits CYP51A1 activity. We also screened baicalein and luteolin, known to have antitumor activities and low toxicity, for their ability to interact with CYP51A1. The Kd values were estimated using both a surface plasmon resonance optical biosensor and spectral titration assays. Unexpectedly, in the enzymatic activity assays, only the water-soluble form of luteolin-luteolin 7,3'-disulfate-showed the ability to potently inhibit CYP51A1. Based on molecular docking, luteolin 7,3'-disulfate binding suggests blocking of the substrate access channel. However, an alternative site on the proximal surface where the redox partner binds cannot be excluded. Overall, flavonoids have the potential to inhibit the activity of human CYP51A1 and should be further explored for their cholesterol-lowering and anti-cancer activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonid Kaluzhskiy
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.E.); (E.Y.); (Y.M.); (O.G.); (A.I.)
| | - Pavel Ershov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.E.); (E.Y.); (Y.M.); (O.G.); (A.I.)
| | - Evgeniy Yablokov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.E.); (E.Y.); (Y.M.); (O.G.); (A.I.)
| | - Tatsiana Shkel
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220141 Minsk, Belarus; (T.S.); (I.G.); (S.U.); (P.S.); (S.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Irina Grabovec
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220141 Minsk, Belarus; (T.S.); (I.G.); (S.U.); (P.S.); (S.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Yuri Mezentsev
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.E.); (E.Y.); (Y.M.); (O.G.); (A.I.)
| | - Oksana Gnedenko
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.E.); (E.Y.); (Y.M.); (O.G.); (A.I.)
| | - Sergey Usanov
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220141 Minsk, Belarus; (T.S.); (I.G.); (S.U.); (P.S.); (S.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Polina Shabunya
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220141 Minsk, Belarus; (T.S.); (I.G.); (S.U.); (P.S.); (S.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Sviatlana Fatykhava
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220141 Minsk, Belarus; (T.S.); (I.G.); (S.U.); (P.S.); (S.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Alexander Popov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.P.); (A.A.); (O.S.)
| | - Aleksandr Artyukov
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.P.); (A.A.); (O.S.)
| | - Olga Styshova
- G.B. Elyakov Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Science, 159 Prospect 100-letiya Vladivostoka, 690022 Vladivostok, Russia; (A.P.); (A.A.); (O.S.)
| | - Andrei Gilep
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry NASB, 5 Building 2, V.F. Kuprevich Street, 220141 Minsk, Belarus; (T.S.); (I.G.); (S.U.); (P.S.); (S.F.); (A.G.)
| | - Natallia Strushkevich
- Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Bolshoy Boulevard 30, bld. 1, 121205 Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexis Ivanov
- Institute of Biomedical Chemistry, 10 Building 8, Pogodinskaya Street, 119121 Moscow, Russia; (P.E.); (E.Y.); (Y.M.); (O.G.); (A.I.)
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Zhou X, Fu L, Wang P, Yang L, Zhu X, Li CG. Drug-herb interactions between Scutellaria baicalensis and pharmaceutical drugs: Insights from experimental studies, mechanistic actions to clinical applications. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 138:111445. [PMID: 33711551 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Whilst the popular use of herbal medicine globally, it poses challenges in managing potential drug-herb interaction. There are two folds of the drug-herb interaction, a beneficial interaction that may improve therapeutic outcome and minimise the toxicity of drug desirably; by contrast, negative interaction may evoke unwanted clinical consequences, especially with drugs of narrow therapeutic index. Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi is one of the most popular medicinal plants used in Asian countries. It has been widely used for treating various diseases and conditions such as cancer, diabetes, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Studies on its extract and bioactive compounds have shown pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic interactions with a wide range of pharmaceutical drugs as evidenced by plenty of in vitro, in vivo and clinical studies. Notably, S. baicalensis and its bioactives including baicalein, baicalin and wogonin exhibited synergistic interactions with many pharmaceutical drugs to enhance their efficacy, reduce toxicity or overcome drug resistance to combat complex diseases such as cancer, diabetes and infectious diseases. On the other hand, S. baicalensis and its bioactives also affected the pharmacokinetic profile of many drugs in absorption, distribution, metabolism and elimination via the regulatory actions of the efflux pumps and cytochrome P450 enzymes. This review provides comprehensive references of the observed pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic drug interactions of Scutellaria baicalensis and its bioactives. We have elucidated the interaction with detailed mechanistic actions, identified the knowledge gaps for future research and potential clinical implications. Such knowledge is important for the practice of both conventional and complementary medicines, and it is essential to ensure the safe use of related herbal medicines. The review may be of great interest to practitioners, consumers, clinicians who require comprehensive information on the possible drug interactions with S. baicalensis and its bioactives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhou
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - Ling Fu
- Chinese Medicine Centre, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; The First Clinical Medical College, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China; The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine (Jiangsu Second Chinese Medicine Hospital), Nanjing, Jiangsu 210017, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengli Wang
- Chinese Medicine Centre, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Lan Yang
- Chinese Medicine Centre, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia; School of Chinese Medicine, School of Integrated Chinese & Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoshu Zhu
- Chinese Medicine Centre, School of Health Sciences, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia
| | - Chun Guang Li
- NICM Health Research Institute, Western Sydney University, Locked Bag 1797, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
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11
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SFC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of nimodipine and 3-n-butylphthalide in beagle plasma: application to pharmacokinetic interaction study. Bioanalysis 2020; 12:1509-1519. [PMID: 33078962 DOI: 10.4155/bio-2020-0229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: Nimodipine and 3-n-butylphthalide are co-administered to treat vascular dementia, but the pharmacokinetic interaction between the two drugs is still unknown. Therefore, a robust, high-throughput and economical supercritical fluid chromatography-ESI-MS/MS method has been initially developed to simultaneously determine nimodipine and 3-n-butylphthalide in beagle plasma, in order to study the safety of co-administration. Materials & methods: After a simple protein precipitation procedure, isocratic elution with mobile phase of CO2 and methanol (containing 0.3% formic acid and 2 mM ammonium acetate) was applied to minimize run time and facilitate sensitive and high-throughput bioanalysis. The method was fully validated according to US FDA Guidance. The validated method was then successfully applied in a pharmacokinetic interaction study. Results: The results indicated there is no significant pharmacokinetic interaction between the two drugs.
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Fu C, Wu Q, Zhang Z, Xia Z, Liu Z, Lu H, Wang Y, Huang G. Development of a sensitive and rapid UHPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous quantification of nine compounds in rat plasma and application in a comparative pharmacokinetic study after oral administration of Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction and nimodipine. Biomed Chromatogr 2020; 34:e4872. [PMID: 32358897 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Xuefu Zhuyu Decoction (XFZYD) is a traditional Chinese medicine prescription used for the clinical treatment of traumatic brain injury (TBI). The purpose of this work was to develop a sensitive and rapid UHPLC-MS/MS method to simultaneously study the pharmacokinetics of nimodipine and eight components of XFZYD, namely, amygdalin, hydroxysafflor yellow A, rutin, liquiritin, narirutin, naringin, neohesperidin and saikosaponin A, in rats with and without TBI. Multiple reaction monitoring was highly selective in the detection of nine analytes and the internal standard without obvious interference. The calibration curves displayed good linearity (r > 0.99) over a wide concentration range. The mean absolute recoveries of the nine analytes were 85-106%, and all matrix effects were in the range 80-120%. The intra- and inter-day precision and accuracy were acceptable (RSD, <15%; RE%, ±20%). The validated method was successfully applied to compare the pharmacokinetics in four experimental groups, including control rats orally administered XFZYD and TBI model rats orally administered XFZYD, XFZYD and nimodipine, or nimodipine alone. The results showed that herb-drug interactions occurred between XFZYD and nimodipine in the treatment of TBI, nimodipine affected the pharmacokinetics of XFZYD, and XFZYD affected the absorption, distribution and excretion of nimodipine in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Fu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China.,College of Pharmacy, Shaoyang University, Shaoyang, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Qian Wu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zian Xia
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Zhaoying Liu
- Hunan Engineering Research Center of Veterinary Drug, College of Veterinary Medicine, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Hongmei Lu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- Laboratory of Ethnopharmacology, Institute of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, P. R. China
| | - Gang Huang
- Guangzhou Analytical Application Center, Shimadzu Corporation, Guangzhou, China
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Mo F, Ma J, Zhang P, Zhang D, Fan H, Yang X, Zhi L, Zhang J. Solubility and thermodynamic properties of baicalein in water and ethanol mixtures from 283.15 to 328.15 K. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2019.1700116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fei Mo
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Jia Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Biobank, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Huihui Fan
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Xin Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Liqiang Zhi
- Department of Joint Surgery, Honghui Hospital, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
| | - Jiye Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, P. R. China
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14
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The Effect of Tanreqing Injection on the Pharmacokinetics of Sirolimus in Rats. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1854323. [PMID: 30956975 PMCID: PMC6431440 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1854323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the effect of Tanreqing injection on the pharmacokinetics of sirolimus in rats, a high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry method was developed for sirolimus assay in whole blood. Calibration curve of sirolimus was acquired over a concentration ranging from 2.5 to 100 ng/mL with r2= 0.9955. The matrix effects and extraction recoveries of sirolimus ranged from 144% to 152% and from 80% to 96%, respectively. The inter- and intraday relative standard deviations were both <10%. The stability investigation showed that the blood samples were stable for 30-day-storage at −20°C, for 8 h storage at room temperature, for 24 h storage in the auto-sampler at 4°C, and for three freeze-thaw cycle process. The pharmacokinetic results demonstrated that the Cmax, AUC, and AUMC of sirolimus in rats (7.5 mg/kg, i.g.) were increased after beincoadministration with Tanreqing Injection at 2.5, 5.0, and 7.5 mL/kg (i.v.), respectively, or at 5 min, 2 h, and 4 h (5.0 mL/kg, i.v.) after SRL dosing, respectively. For the first time, the results proved the herb-drug interaction between Tanreqing Injection and sirolimus and accordingly suggested avoiding concurrent reception of those two drugs for patients.
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Xu P, Zhou H, Li YZ, Yuan ZW, Liu CX, Liu L, Xie Y. Baicalein Enhances the Oral Bioavailability and Hepatoprotective Effects of Silybin Through the Inhibition of Efflux Transporters BCRP and MRP2. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1115. [PMID: 30416442 PMCID: PMC6212553 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although hepatoprotective properties of silybin are well documented, the clinical therapeutic efficacy is limited by its low bioavailability due to absorption rates, extensive phase II metabolism, and biliary excretion. As our previous study indicated that metabolic enzymes may have limited effects on the pharmacokinetic (PK) behavior of silymarin, here, we intended to increase the oral bioavailability and bio-efficacy of silybin through the inhibition of active efflux. In Caco-2 and transfected MDCKII cell models, flavone baicalein significantly inhibited the efflux of silybin as a BCRP and MRP2 inhibitor. In addition, baicalein reduced the biliary excretion index (BEI) and biliary clearance of silybin conjugates in the sandwich-cultured rat hepatocyte (SCH) model, indicating the inhibition of baicalein in biliary excretion of conjugated silybin metabolites. PK study demonstrated that baicalein significantly increased the area under the curve (AUC) and Cmax of silybin and its conjugates, suggesting enhanced absorption in vivo. Moreover, coadministration of silybin with baicalein boosted the liver protective, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory effects of silybin in the carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced liver injury model in comparison with silybin given alone. In summary, efflux transporters play a critical role in the low bioavailability of silybin, while inhibition of breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multi-drug resistance protein 2 (MRP2) by baicalein can significantly increase the absorption and bio-efficacy of silybin, which provides a new combination therapeutic approach for the treatment of chronic liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau.,Department of Nephrology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Ya-Zhuo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhong-Wen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Chang-Xiao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Delivery Technology and Pharmacokinetics, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Liang Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
| | - Ying Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Quality Research of Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Taipa, Macau
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16
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Domínguez-Avila JA, Wall-Medrano A, Velderrain-Rodríguez GR, Chen CYO, Salazar-López NJ, Robles-Sánchez M, González-Aguilar GA. Gastrointestinal interactions, absorption, splanchnic metabolism and pharmacokinetics of orally ingested phenolic compounds. Food Funct 2018; 8:15-38. [PMID: 28074953 DOI: 10.1039/c6fo01475e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The positive health effects of phenolic compounds (PCs) have been extensively reported in the literature. An understanding of their bioaccessibility and bioavailability is essential for the elucidation of their health benefits. Before reaching circulation and exerting bioactions in target tissues, numerous interactions take place before and during digestion with either the plant or host's macromolecules that directly impact the organism and modulate their own bioaccessibility and bioavailability. The present work is focused on the gastrointestinal (GI) interactions that are relevant to the absorption and metabolism of PCs and how these interactions impact their pharmacokinetic profiles. Non-digestible cell wall components (fiber) interact intimately with PCs and delay their absorption in the small intestine, instead carrying them to the large intestine. PCs not bound to fiber interact with digestible nutrients in the bolus where they interfere with the digestion and absorption of proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, cholesterol, bile salts and micronutrients through the inhibition of digestive enzymes and enterocyte transporters and the disruption of micelle formation. PCs internalized by enterocytes may reach circulation (through transcellular or paracellular transport), be effluxed back into the lumen (P-glycoprotein, P-gp) or be metabolized by phase I and phase II enzymes. Some PCs can inhibit P-gp or phase I/II enzymes, which can potentially lead to drug-nutrient interactions. The absorption and pharmacokinetic parameters are modified by all of the interactions within the digestive tract and by the presence of other PCs. Undesirable interactions have promoted the development of nanotechnological approaches to promote the bioaccessibility, bioavailability, and bioefficacy of PCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Abraham Domínguez-Avila
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6. C.P. 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Abraham Wall-Medrano
- Departamento de Ciencias Químico-Biológicas, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Autónoma de Ciudad Juárez, Anillo Envolvente del Pronaf y Estocolmo s/n, CP 32310, Cd. Juárez, Chihuahua, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo R Velderrain-Rodríguez
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6. C.P. 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - C-Y Oliver Chen
- Antioxidants Research Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02111, USA.
| | - Norma Julieta Salazar-López
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N Col. Centro, C.P. 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Maribel Robles-Sánchez
- Departamento de Investigación y Posgrado en Alimentos, Universidad de Sonora, Blvd. Luis Encinas y Rosales S/N Col. Centro, C.P. 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
| | - Gustavo A González-Aguilar
- Coordinación de Tecnología de Alimentos de Origen Vegetal, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. Carretera a la Victoria Km 0.6. C.P. 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico.
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17
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Bedada SK, Neerati P. Modulation of CYP3A enzyme activity by diosmin and its consequence on carbamazepine pharmacokinetics in rats. Naunyn Schmiedebergs Arch Pharmacol 2017; 391:115-121. [PMID: 29134244 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-017-1439-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diosmin is a widely used flavonoid for the treatment of varicose veins and hemorrhoids. Epileptic patients with hemorrhoids and varicose veins may use diosmin along with carbamazepine (CBZ) therapy, which leads to pharmacokinetic interaction between diosmin and CBZ. Therefore, the present study was performed to evaluate the effect of diosmin on the pharmacokinetics of CBZ in rats. Diosmin-mediated altered CYP3A enzyme activity in human and rat liver microsomes was examined using CYP3A dependent erythromycin N-demethylase assay. Further, an in vivo pharmacokinetic study of oral administered CBZ in rats with and without diosmin pretreatment was performed. The CYP3A enzyme activity in human and rat liver microsomes was significantly (p < 0.05) decreased by diosmin when compared to control. Pretreatment with diosmin significantly (p < 0.05) enhanced maximum plasma concentration (C max), area under the curve (AUC), and half life (t 1/2), while significantly (p < 0.05) decreased elimination rate constant (k el) and apparent oral clearance (CL/F) of CBZ as compared to control rats. On the other hand, C max, AUC, and t 1/2 of carbamazepine 10, 11-epoxide (CBZE) were significantly (p < 0.05) decreased after diosmin pretreatment. Furthermore, diosmin pretreatment significantly (p < 0.05) decreased metabolic ratios of C max and AUC when compared to control, suggesting reduced formation of CBZ to CBZE. The results suggest that diosmin pretreatment might have inhibited CYP3A-mediated metabolism of CBZ. Accordingly, caution should be taken when diosmin is used in combination with therapeutic drugs metabolized by CYP3A enzyme in addition to CBZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satish Kumar Bedada
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Division, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State, 506009, India
| | - Prasad Neerati
- Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics Division, University College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kakatiya University, Warangal, Telangana State, 506009, India.
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18
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Ferreira A, Santos AO, Falcão A, Alves G. In vitro screening of dual flavonoid combinations for reversing P-glycoprotein-mediated multidrug resistance: Focus on antiepileptic drugs. Food Chem Toxicol 2017; 111:84-93. [PMID: 29122665 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The combined use of different P-glycoprotein (P-gp) inhibitors may be a relevant approach to the synergistic and safer inhibition of the P-gp-mediated drug efflux. Herein, we aimed to explore dual combinations of the flavonoids baicalein, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate, kaempferol, quercetin and silymarin to reverse the interference of P-gp on the intracellular accumulation of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). The intracellular accumulation of rhodamine 123 (a classic P-gp substrate) and of several commonly used AEDs (carbamazepine, phenytoin, oxcarbazepine) or their metabolites (carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide and licarbazepine) was evaluated in MDCK-MDR1 cells in the presence and absence of individual flavonoids and their combinations. A selected flavonoid combination [(-)-epigallocatechin gallate/silymarin] was also evaluated in transepithelial transport experiments using licarbazepine (active metabolite of oxcarbazepine) as a model compound. Most flavonoid combinations increased rhodamine 123 intracellular uptake in a greater extent than their additive individual effects at similar concentrations. Moreover, selected (-)-epigallocatechin gallate/silymarin and kaempferol/baicalein combinations also enhanced the intracellular accumulation of all AEDs and metabolites. Overall, the combination of (-)-epigallocatechin gallate/silymarin was the most promising one. Thus, dual flavonoid combinations may be useful to overcome the P-gp-mediated efflux of AEDs and their metabolites, making their association to AED therapy a potentially valuable approach to circumvent pharmacoresistance in epilepsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ferreira
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Adriana O Santos
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Amílcar Falcão
- CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal; Laboratory of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Gilberto Alves
- CICS-UBI - Health Sciences Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Av. Infante D. Henrique, 6200-506 Covilhã, Portugal; CNC - Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal.
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19
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Ting CT, Cheng YY, Tsai TH. Herb-Drug Interaction between the Traditional Hepatoprotective Formulation and Sorafenib on Hepatotoxicity, Histopathology and Pharmacokinetics in Rats. Molecules 2017; 22:E1034. [PMID: 28640225 PMCID: PMC6152211 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22071034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib has been used as a standard therapy for advanced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In Asia, patients with HCC are potentially treated with the combination of sorafenib and Chinese herbal medicines to improve the efficiency and reduce the side effects of sorafenib. However, limited information about the herb-drug interactions is available. We hypothesize that the Chinese herbal medicine may exert hepatoprotective effects on the sorafenib-treated group. The aim of this study is to investigate the pharmacokinetic mechanism of drug-drug interactions of sorafenib including interacting with hepatoprotective formulation, Long-Dan-Xie-Gan-Tang formulation (LDXGT) and with two cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) inhibitors, grapefruit juice and ketoconazole. Liver enzyme levels and histopathology of liver slices were used to evaluate sorafenib-induced hepatotoxicity and the potential hepatoprotective effects of the LDXGT formulation on subjects treated with the combination of sorafenib and the herbal medicine. In this study, a validated HPLC-photodiode array analytical system was developed for the pharmacokinetic study of sorafenib in rats. As the result of the pharmacokinetic data, pretreatment with the LDXGT formulation did not significantly interact with sorafenib compared with sorafenib oral administration alone. Furthermore, grapefruit juice and ketoconazole did not significantly affect sorafenib metabolism. Furthermore, pretreatment with variable, single or repeat doses of the LDXGT formulation did not suppress or exacerbate the sorafenib-induced hepatotoxicity and histopathological alterations. According to these results, the LDXGT formulation is safe, but has no beneficial effects on sorafenib-induced hepatotoxicity. A detailed clinical trial should be performed to further evaluate the efficacy or adverse effects of the LDXGT formulation in combination with sorafenib in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Tsung Ting
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, Ren-Ai Branch, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei 10629, Taiwan.
| | - Yung-Yi Cheng
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Tung-Hu Tsai
- Institute of Traditional Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
- Graduate Institute of Acupuncture Science, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan.
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National United University, Miaoli 36063, Taiwan.
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20
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Application of Soluplus to Improve the Flowability and Dissolution of Baicalein Phospholipid Complex. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050776. [PMID: 28492487 PMCID: PMC6153996 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel ternary complex system (TCS) composed of baicalein, phospholipids, and Soluplus was prepared to improve the flowability and dissolution for baicalein phospholipid complex (BPC). TCS was characterized using differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), infrared spectroscopy (IR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The flowability, solubility, oil–water partition coefficient, in vitro dissolution, and in vivo pharmacokinetics of the system were also evaluated. DSC, IR, PXRD, and SEM data confirmed that the crystal form of baicalein disappeared in BPC and TCS. Furthermore, the angle of repose of TCS of 35° indicated an improvement in flowability, and solubility increased by approximately eight-fold in distilled water when TCS was compared with BPC (41.00 ± 4.89 μg/mL vs. 5.00 ± 0.16 μg/mL). Approximately 91.24% of TCS was released at the end of 60 min in 0.5% SDS (pH = 6.8), which suggested that TCS could improve the dissolution velocity and extent. Moreover, TCS exhibited a considerable enhancement in bioavailability with higher peak plasma concentration (25.55 μg/mL vs. 6.05 μg/mL) and increased AUC0–∞ (62.47 μg·h/mL vs. 50.48 μg·h/mL) with 123.75% relative bioavailability compared with BPC. Thus, Soluplus achieved the purpose of improving the flowability and solubility of baicalein phospholipid complexes. The application of Soluplus to phospholipid complexes has great potential.
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21
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Dinda B, Dinda S, DasSharma S, Banik R, Chakraborty A, Dinda M. Therapeutic potentials of baicalin and its aglycone, baicalein against inflammatory disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2017; 131:68-80. [PMID: 28288320 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 321] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2016] [Revised: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The flavonoids, baicalin (5,6-dihydroxy-2-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one-7-O-d-β-glucuronic acid) 1 and its aglycone, baicalein 2 are found in edible medicinal plants, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz in abundant quantities. The antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of these flavonoids have been demonstrated in various disease models, including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, gout and rheumatoid arthritis, asthma, neurodegenerative-, liver- and kidney diseases, encephalomyelitis, and carcinogenesis. These flavonoids have almost no toxicity to human normal epithelial, peripheral and myeloid cells. Their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities are largely due to their abilities to scavenge the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and improvement of antioxidant status by attenuating the activity of NF-κB and suppressing the expression of several inflammatory cytokines and chemokines including monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1), nitric oxide synthase, cyclooxygenases, lipoxygenases, cellular adhesion molecules, tumor necrosis factor and interleukins. In this review, we summarize the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of baicalin and baicalein with molecular mechanisms for their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic applications in the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswanath Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India.
| | - Subhajit Dinda
- Department of Chemistry, Dasaratha Deb Memorial College, Khowai 799201, Tripura, India
| | - Saikat DasSharma
- Department of Chemistry, Dasaratha Deb Memorial College, Khowai 799201, Tripura, India
| | - Rajarshi Banik
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Agartala 799055, Tripura, India
| | - Ankita Chakraborty
- Department of Chemistry, Tripura University, Suryamaninagar 799022, Tripura, India
| | - Manikarna Dinda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, University of Virginia, School of Medicine, Charlottesville, 1300 Jefferson Park Ave, VA22908, USA
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Zhang Q, Feng Y, Kennedy D. Multidrug-resistant cancer cells and cancer stem cells hijack cellular systems to circumvent systemic therapies, can natural products reverse this? Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:777-801. [PMID: 27622244 PMCID: PMC11107623 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2362-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Revised: 09/06/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemotherapy is one of the most effective and broadly used approaches for cancer management and many modern regimes can eliminate the bulk of the cancer cells. However, recurrence and metastasis still remain a major obstacle leading to the failure of systemic cancer treatments. Therefore, to improve the long-term eradication of cancer, the cellular and molecular pathways that provide targets which play crucial roles in drug resistance should be identified and characterised. Multidrug resistance (MDR) and the existence of tumor-initiating cells, also referred to as cancer stem cells (CSCs), are two major contributors to the failure of chemotherapy. MDR describes cancer cells that become resistant to structurally and functionally unrelated anti-cancer agents. CSCs are a small population of cells within cancer cells with the capacity of self-renewal, tumor metastasis, and cell differentiation. CSCs are also believed to be associated with chemoresistance. Thus, MDR and CSCs are the greatest challenges for cancer chemotherapy. A significant effort has been made to identify agents that specifically target MDR cells and CSCs. Consequently, some agents derived from nature have been developed with a view that they may overcome MDR and/or target CSCs. In this review, natural products-targeting MDR cancer cells and CSCs are summarized and clustered by their targets in different signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Zhang
- School of Natural Sciences, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia
| | - Yunjiang Feng
- School of Natural Sciences, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia
| | - Derek Kennedy
- School of Natural Sciences, Eskitis Institute for Drug Discovery, Griffith University, Nathan, 4111, Australia.
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23
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Wu J, Hu Y, Xiang L, Li S, Yuan Y, Chen X, Zhang Y, Huang W, Meng X, Wang P. San-Huang-Xie-Xin-Tang Constituents Exert Drug-Drug Interaction of Mutual Reinforcement at Both Pharmacodynamics and Pharmacokinetic Level: A Review. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7:448. [PMID: 27965575 PMCID: PMC5124576 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2016.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory disorders underlie varieties of human diseases. San-Huang-Xie-xin-Tang (SHXXT), composed with Rhizoma Rhei (Rheum palmatum L.), Rhizoma Coptidis (Coptis chinensis Franch), and Radix Scutellaria (Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi), is a famous formula which has been widely used in the fight against inflammatory abnormalities. Mutual reinforcement is one of the basic theories of traditional Chinese medicine. Here this article reviewed and analyzed the recent research on (1) How the main constituents of SHXXT impact on inflammation-associated signaling pathway molecules. (2) The interaction between the main constituents and efflux pumps or intestinal transporters. The goal of this work was to, (1) Provide evidence to support the theory of mutual reinforcement. (2) Clarify the key targets of SHXXT and suggest which targets need further investigation. (3) Give advice for the clinical use of SHXXT to elevated the absorption of main constituents and eventually promote oral bioavailability. We search literatures in scientific databases with key words of “each main SHXXT constituent,” in combination with “each main inflammatory pathway target molecule” or each main intestinal transporter, respectively. We report the effect of five main constituents on target molecules which lies in three main inflammatory signaling pathways, we as well investigate the interaction between constituents and intestinal transporter. We conclude, (1) The synergistic effect of constituents at both levels confirm the mutual reinforcement theory of TCM as it is proven in this work. (2) The effect of main constituents on downstream targets in nuclear need more further investigation. (3) Drug elevating the absorption of rhein, berberine and baicalein can be employed to promote oral bioavailability of SHXXT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiasi Wu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Yingfan Hu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Li Xiang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chengdu, China
| | - Yi Yuan
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu, China; Chengdu Institute of Biology, Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu, China
| | | | - Yan Zhang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Wenge Huang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Xianli Meng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
| | - Ping Wang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Chengdu, China
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24
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Hwang YH, Yang HJ, Kim DG, Ma JY. Inhibitory Effects of Multiple-Dose Treatment with Baicalein on the Pharmacokinetics of Ciprofloxacin in Rats. Phytother Res 2016; 31:69-74. [PMID: 27671796 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Ciprofloxacin is used as a treatment for urinary and respiratory tract infections in clinical practice. Baicalein, a major flavonoid present in Scutellaria baicalensis, is a well-known and potent antibacterial compound used in complementary and alternative medicine practices. The present study aimed to clarify the effects of multiple-dose treatment with baicalein on the pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin in rats. Following the oral administration of baicalein (20, 40, or 80 mg/kg) for five consecutive days, the rats received an oral administration of ciprofloxacin (20 mg/kg). Blood samples were collected at specific time points, and the plasma concentrations of ciprofloxacin were determined by using high-performance liquid chromatography. To evaluate the mechanisms underlying the interaction between baicalein and ciprofloxacin, a rhodamine 123 accumulation assay was performed in LS-180 cells. A pharmacokinetic study revealed that multiple-dose treatment with baicalein significantly decreased the peak serum concentration (Cmax ), area under the curve (AUC0 → 480 min ), and relative bioavailability (Frel ) of ciprofloxacin (p < 0.05). The rhodamine 123 accumulation assay revealed that treatment with baicalein for 48 h markedly reduced the intracellular accumulation of rhodamine 123. Taken together, these findings suggest that baicalein may result in the therapeutic failure of ciprofloxacin or other quinolone-based antibiotics used for chemotherapy in clinical practice. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youn-Hwan Hwang
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Hye Jin Yang
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dong-Gun Kim
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Jin Yeul Ma
- KM Application Center, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
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Xie F, Ding X, Zhang QY. An update on the role of intestinal cytochrome P450 enzymes in drug disposition. Acta Pharm Sin B 2016; 6:374-383. [PMID: 27709006 PMCID: PMC5045550 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2016.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2016] [Revised: 07/12/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Oral administration is the most commonly used route for drug treatment. Intestinal cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated metabolism can eliminate a large proportion of some orally administered drugs before they reach systemic circulation, while leaving the passage of other drugs unimpeded. A better understanding of the ability of intestinal P450 enzymes to metabolize various clinical drugs in both humans and preclinical animal species, including the identification of the CYP enzymes expressed, their regulation, and the relative importance of intestinal metabolism compared to hepatic metabolism, is important for improving bioavailability of current drugs and new drugs in development. Here, we briefly review the expression of drug-metabolizing P450 enzymes in the small intestine of humans and several preclinical animal species, and provide an update of the various factors or events that regulate intestinal P450 expression, including a cross talk between the liver and the intestine. We further compare various clinical and preclinical approaches for assessing the impact of intestinal drug metabolism on bioavailability, and discuss the utility of the intestinal epithelium–specific NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase-null (IECN) mouse as a useful model for studying in vivo roles of intestinal P450 in the disposition of orally administered drugs.
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Role of Intestinal Microbiota in Baicalin-Induced Drug Interaction and Its Pharmacokinetics. Molecules 2016; 21:337. [PMID: 26978333 PMCID: PMC6273104 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21030337] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 03/02/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Since many glycoside compounds in natural products are hydrolyzed by intestinal microbiota when administered orally, it is of interest to know whether their pharmacological effects are derived from the glycoside itself or from the aglycone form in vivo. An interesting example is baicalin versus baicalein, the aglycone of baicalin, which is contained in some herbs from Labiatae including Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi and Scutellaria lateriflora Linne. The herbs have been extensively used for treatment of inflammatory diseases in Asia. Although there have been numerous reports regarding the pharmacological effects of baicalin and baicalein in vivo and in vitro, some reports indicated that the glycoside form would hardly be absorbed in the intestine and that it should be hydrolyzed to baicalein in advance for absorption. Therefore, the role of metabolism by intestinal microbiota should also be considered in the metabolism of baicalin. In addition, baicalin contains a glucuronide moiety in its structure, by which baicalin and baicalein show complex pharmacokinetic behaviors, due to the interconversion between them by phase II enzymes in the body. Recently, concerns about drug interaction with baicalin and/or baicalein have been raised, because of the co-administration of Scutellaria species with certain drugs. Herein, we reviewed the role of intestinal microbiota in pharmacokinetic characteristics of baicalin and baicalein, with regards to their pharmacological and toxicological effects.
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Srinivas NR. Recent trends in preclinical drug-drug interaction studies of flavonoids--Review of case studies, issues and perspectives. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1679-91. [PMID: 26343418 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Because of health benefits that are manifested across various disease areas, the consumption of herbal products and/or health supplements containing different kinds of flavonoids has been on the rise. While the drug-drug interaction potential between flavonoids and co-ingested drugs still remain an issue, opportunities exist for the combination of flavonoids with suitable anti-cancer drugs to enhance the bioavailability of anti-cancer drugs and thereby reduce the dose size of the anti-cancer drugs and improve its therapeutic index. In recent years, scores of flavonoids have undergone preclinical investigation with variety of drugs encompassing therapeutic areas such as oncology (etoposide, doxorubicin, paclitaxel, tamoxifen etc.), immunosuppression (cyclosporine) and hypertension (losartan, felodipine, nitrendipine etc.). The review provides examples of the recent trends in the preclinical investigation of 14 flavonoids (morin, quercetin, silibinin, kaempferol etc.) with various co-administered drugs. The relevance of combination of flavonoids with anti-cancer drugs and a framework to help design the in vitro and in vivo preclinical studies to gain better mechanistic insights are discussed. Also, concise discussions on the various physiological factors that contribute for the reduced bioavailability of flavonoids along with the significant challenges in the data interpretation are provided.
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Neerati P, Bedada SK. Effect of diosmin on the intestinal absorption and pharmacokinetics of fexofenadine in rats. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:339-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 09/16/2014] [Accepted: 09/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Noh K, Nepal MR, Jeong KS, Kim SA, Um YJ, Seo CS, Kang MJ, Park PH, Kang W, Jeong HG, Jeong TC. Effects of baicalin on oral pharmacokinetics of caffeine in rats. Biomol Ther (Seoul) 2015; 23:201-6. [PMID: 25767690 PMCID: PMC4354323 DOI: 10.4062/biomolther.2014.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 12/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Scutellaria baicalensis is one of the most widely used herbal medicines in East Asia. Because baicalein and baicalin are major components of this herb, it is important to understand the effects of these compounds on drug metabolizing enzymes, such as cytochrome P450 (CYP), for evaluating herb-drug interaction. The effects of baicalin and baicalein on activities of ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD), methoxyresorufin O-demethylase (MROD), benzyloxyresorufin O-debenzylase (BROD), p-nitrophenol hydroxylase and erythromycin N-demethylase were assessed in rat liver microsomes in the present study. In addition, the pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its three metabolites (i.e., paraxanthine, theobromine and theophylline) in baicalin-treated rats were compared with untreated control. As results, EROD, MROD and BROD activities were inhibited by both baicalin and baicalein. However, there were no significant differences in the pharmacokinetic parameters of oral caffeine and its three metabolites between control and baicalin-treated rats. When the plasma concentration of baicalin was determined, the maximum concentration of baicalin was below the estimated IC50 values observed in vitro. In conclusion, baicalin had no effects on the pharmacokinetics of caffeine and its metabolites in vivo, following single oral administration in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keumhan Noh
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahesh Raj Nepal
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Sun Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Sun-A Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeon Ji Um
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Shin Seo
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Jeong Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Pil-Hoon Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonku Kang
- College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Gwang Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305-764, Republic of Korea
| | - Tae Cheon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 712-749, Republic of Korea
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Wang Y, Jiang YM, Wang YT, Kang JW, Yu T, Zhao HY, Bian BL, Huang M, Bi HC. Inhibiton of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes and P-gp activity by multiple extracts of Huang-Lian-Jie-Du decoction. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 156:175-181. [PMID: 25219605 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.08.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 08/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Huang-Lian-Jie-Du-Decotion (HLJDD), an important traditional Chinese medicine formula, has been used for various diseases in clinical practice, and thus has high potential to induce cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoenzymes/P-glycoprotein (P-gp) mediated herb-drug interactions (HDIs) with other co-administered drugs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro effects of multiple extracts including aqueous extracts, total flavonoids, iridoids, alkaloids from HLJDD on the activities of CYPs in rats (CYP1A2, CYP2C6, CYP2D2, CYP2E1 and CYP3A1) and P-gp, and then to predict potential interactions with co-administered drugs. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of the four extracts from HLJDD on the CYPs activity were evaluated in rat liver microsomes incubation system, and then determined by LC-MS/MS-based CYPs probe substrate assay. Caco-2 cell monolayer was used to investigate the effect of the four extracts on the efflux of Rhodamine 123 to evaluate their influences on P-gp activity. RESULTS The results show that total flavonoids and alkaloids exibited strong inhibition on rat CYP isoenzymes activities. Total flavonoids exhibited different inhibitory effects on CYPs activities with an order of CYP3A1>CYP2C6>CYP2E1>CYP1A2>CYP2D2, and the values of IC₅₀ were 4.24, 8.16, 17.56, 19.03, 29.51 μg/mL, respectively. Total alkaloids possessed similar inhibition on CYPs and could strongly inhibit the activity of CYP2D2 (IC₅₀=2.38 μg/mL), CYP3A1 (IC₅₀=2.61 μg/mL), CYP2E1 (IC₅₀=22.35 μg/mL), CYP1A2 (IC₅₀=23.2 μg/mL) and CYP2C6 (IC₅₀=43.09 μg/mL). Moderate degree of inhibition on CYPs activities was observed in aqueous and total iridoids extracts. Results from transport assay revealed that total flavonoids and alkaloids exhibited significant inhibitory effect on P-gp activity as evidenced by strong inhibition on the efflux of Rhodamine-123 with IC₅₀ of 104.6 and 82.6 μg/mL. But aqueous extract showed weak and iridoids had negligible effect on P-gp activity. CONCLUSIONS This study clearly demonstrated that total flavonoids and alkaloids from HLJDD can significantly inhibit the activities of CYPs and P-gp, which should be taken into consideration to predict any potential HDIs when HLJDD and its bioactive components are co-administered with other therapeutic drugs metabolized by CYPs or transported by P-gp.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/antagonists & inhibitors
- Alkaloids/chemistry
- Alkaloids/pharmacology
- Animals
- Caco-2 Cells
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors/chemistry
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System/metabolism
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/chemistry
- Drugs, Chinese Herbal/pharmacology
- Flavonoids/chemistry
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Humans
- Iridoids/chemistry
- Iridoids/pharmacology
- Isoenzymes/antagonists & inhibitors
- Male
- Medicine, Chinese Traditional/methods
- Microsomes, Liver/drug effects
- Microsomes, Liver/enzymology
- Microsomes, Liver/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132# Waihuan Dong Road, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yi-ming Jiang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132# Waihuan Dong Road, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yong-tao Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132# Waihuan Dong Road, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Jun-wei Kang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132# Waihuan Dong Road, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Tao Yu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132# Waihuan Dong Road, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hai-Yu Zhao
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Bao-Lin Bian
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Min Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132# Waihuan Dong Road, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Hui-Chang Bi
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sun Yat-sen University, 132# Waihuan Dong Road, Guangzhou University City, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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Zhang YW, Bao MH, Hu L, Qu Q, Zhou HH. Dose-response of oridonin on hepatic cytochromes P450 mRNA expression and activities in mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 155:714-720. [PMID: 24933226 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2014.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 05/24/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Oridonin, the major terpene found in Rabdosia rubescens, is widely used as a dietary supplement or therapeutic drug. The effects of oridonin on drug processing genes, such as cytochrome P450 and nuclear receptors, were still unclear. Therefore, the present study investigated the influence of oridonin on the hepatic drug metabolizing system to evaluate the safety through its drug interaction potential. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, eight-week-old male C57BL/6 mice were treated oridonin orally (0, 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg, i.g.) for 15 days. The effects of oridonin on major Cyps in mice livers were examined at both the mRNA and enzyme activity levels. RESULTS In general, there are no significant influence of various dose of oridonin on mice liver function. However, oridonin significantly increased Cyps (1a, 2a, 2d, 2e, 2c and 3a family) mRNA expression. In addition, it could induce Cyps activity in microsome incubation at maximum dosage. To our knowledge, it is the first time to identify oridonin as a Cyps inducer in vivo. It also promotes the expression of CAR, PXR and POR. CONCLUSION These results indicate that, if studies in mice extrapolate to humans by orthologous genes, oridonin appears to be a risk to herb-drug interactions due to its induction effects on drug processing genes expression and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-wen Zhang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Mei-hua Bao
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changsha Medical University, Changsha 410219, China
| | - Lei Hu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Qiang Qu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Hong-hao Zhou
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410008, China; Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, 110 Xiangya Road, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China.
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Zhang L, Yan R, Su R, Yang C, Liu S, Yu X, Chang X, Zhang S, Liu C, Xu M, Zeng W, Chen Y, Wang Q. Bioavailability enhancement of osthole after oral administration of Bushen Yizhi prescription extract to rats followed by Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson fruits extract in comparison to pure osthole at different doses. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2014; 152:266-71. [PMID: 24140583 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2013.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 09/07/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bushen Yizhi prescription (BSYZ) is a traditional Chinese compound prescription, which is commonly used in China for treating ShenXu and hypophrenia based on traditional Chinese medicine and Alzheimer's Disease according to modern Chinese medicine. Cnidium monnieri (L.) Cusson fruits (CM) is treated as the main herb of BSYZ, and its main active ingredient Osthole (OST) is considered as one of the major active ingredients of BSYZ. Even though OST plays an important role in the BSYZ its bioavailability is poor. In order to investigate whether the bioavailability of OST was influenced by BSYZ and CM extract, the comparative evaluations on pharmacokinetics of OST after oral administration of pure OST at different doses, CM and BSYZ extract were studied. MATERIALS AND METHODS 30 rats were randomly assigned to five groups and orally administered with pure OST at different doses (15, 75 and 150 mg/kg), CM (15 mg/kg OST) and BSYZ (15 mg/kg OST) extract. At different predetermined time points after administration, the concentrations of OST in rat plasma were determined by using the HPLC-UV method, and main pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated. RESULTS The results showed that the pharmacokinetic parameters of OST were significantly different (p<0.05) among the groups. The AUC(0→t), AUC(0→∞) and Cmax of OST were significantly increased after oral administration of BSYZ extract, followed by CM extract, in comparison to pure osthole at different doses. CONCLUSIONS This present study indicated that the bioavailability of pure OST after oral administration was extremely low and it was dramatically enhanced because of the synergistic effect of the traditional Chinese Bushen Yizhi prescription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rong Yan
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ruyu Su
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Cong Yang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sijun Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuhua Yu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang Chang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shijie Zhang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Changhui Liu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Meili Xu
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wu Zeng
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yunbo Chen
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China.
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Inhibitory Effects of Baicalin on the Expression and Activity of CYP3A Induce the Pharmacokinetic Changes of Midazolam in Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 2013:179643. [PMID: 23710212 PMCID: PMC3655607 DOI: 10.1155/2013/179643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2012] [Revised: 02/24/2013] [Accepted: 04/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Baicalin, a flavonoid compound isolated from Scutellaria baicalensis, has been shown to possess antiinflammatory, antiviral, antitumour, and immune regulatory properties. The present study evaluated the potential herb-drug interaction between baicalin and midazolam in rats. Coadministration of a single dose of baicalin (0.225, 0.45, and 0.90 g/kg, i.v.) with midazolam (10 mg/kg, i.v.) in rats resulted in a dose-dependent decrease in clearance (CL) from 25% (P < 0.05) to 34% (P < 0.001) with an increase in AUC0-∞ from 47% (P < 0.05) to 53% (P < 0.01). Pretreatment of baicalin (0.90 g/kg, i.v., once daily for 7 days) also reduced midazolam CL by 43% (P < 0.001), with an increase in AUC0-∞ by 87% (P < 0.01). Multiple doses of baicalin decreased the expression of hepatic CYP3A2 by approximately 58% (P < 0.01) and reduced midazolam 1'-hydroxylation by 23% (P < 0.001) and 4'-hydroxylation by 21% (P < 0.01) in the liver. In addition, baicalin competitively inhibited midazolam metabolism in rat liver microsomes in a concentration-dependent manner. Our data demonstrated that baicalin induced changes in the pharmacokinetics of midazolam in rats, which might be due to its inhibition of the hydroxylation activity and expression of CYP3A in the liver.
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Tian X, Cheng ZY, He J, Jia LJ, Qiao HL. Concentration-dependent inhibitory effects of baicalin on the metabolism of dextromethorphan, a dual probe of CYP2D and CYP3A, in rats. Chem Biol Interact 2013; 203:522-9. [PMID: 23458730 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2012] [Revised: 01/31/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Baicalin has been shown to possess many pharmacological effects, including antiviral, antioxidant, anti-cancer and anti-inflammatory properties. In the current study, we reveal the inhibitory effects of baicalin on the metabolism of dextromethorphan (DXM), a dual probe substrate of CYP2D and CYP3A, in rats. Lineweaver-Burk plots demonstrated that baicalin inhibited the activities of CYP2D and CYP3A in a non-competitive manner in rat liver microsomes (RLMs). Concomitant administration of baicalin (0.90 g/kg, i.v.) and DXM (10 mg/kg, i.v.) increased the maximum drug concentration (C(max)) (37%) and the area under concentration-time curve (AUC) (42%) and decreased the clearance (CL) (27%) of DXM in a randomised, crossover study in rats (P < 0.01). The change in the AUC of DXM was significantly correlated with the C(max) and AUC of baicalin (P < 0.05). The inhibitory effects of multiple doses of baicalin (0.90 g/kg, i.v., 12 days) on the metabolism of DXM were similar to those observed following a single dose in rats. The activity of CYP3A in excised liver samples from rats following multiple baicalin treatment was significantly decreased compared to that of the control group (P < 0.05), whereas multiple doses of baicalin had no obvious effect on the activity of CYP2D. Taken together, these data demonstrate that baicalin inhibits the metabolism of DXM in a concentration-dependent manner in rats, possibly through inhibiting hepatic CYP2D and CYP3A activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Tian
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
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Bueters T, Juric S, Sohlenius-Sternbeck AK, Hu Y, Bylund J. Rat poorly predicts the combined non-absorbed and presystemically metabolized fractions in the human. Xenobiotica 2013; 43:607-16. [DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2012.752117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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