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Molenda M, Kolmas J. The Role of Zinc in Bone Tissue Health and Regeneration-a Review. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:5640-5651. [PMID: 37002364 PMCID: PMC10620276 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03631-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Zinc is a micronutrient of key importance for human health. An increasing number of studies indicate that zinc plays a significant role in bone tissue's normal development and maintaining homeostasis. Zinc is not only a component of bone tissue but is also involved in the synthesis of the collagen matrix, mineralization, and bone turnover. It has been demonstrated that zinc can stimulate runt-related transcription factor 2 (Runx2) and promote the differentiation of osteoblasts. On the other hand, zinc has been found to inhibit osteoclast-like cell formation and to decrease bone resorption by stimulating osteoclasts' apoptosis. Moreover, zinc regulates the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway, thereby facilitating bone remodeling. To date, not all mechanisms of Zn activity on bone tissue are well understood and documented. The review aimed to present the current state of research on the role of zinc in bone tissue, its beneficial properties, and its effects on bone regeneration. Since calcium phosphates as bone substitute materials are increasingly enriched in zinc ions, the paper included an overview of research on the potential role of such materials in bone filling and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Molenda
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kolmas
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Biomaterials, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Warsaw, Ul. Banacha 1, 02-097, Warsaw, Poland.
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Fu J, Wang Q, Wang N, Li S, Zhang H, Zhu Y, Guo H, Wang F, He L, Xia S, Cao B. Serum and urinary essential trace elements in association with major depressive disorders: a case-control study. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1297411. [PMID: 38106999 PMCID: PMC10722235 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1297411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The etiology and pathophysiology of major depressive disorders (MDDs) remain unclear. Increasing evidence has demonstrated that essential trace elements (ETEs), such as iodine (I), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), cobalt (Co), and molybdenum (Mo), play vital roles in MDDs. Methods In total, 72 patients with MDD and 75 healthy controls (HCs) in the Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Henan Province, China were recruited in our study. The levels of different ETEs were examined in both serum and urine, using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS), for both the MDD patients and HCs. Results The serum levels of I, Se, Cu, and Mo were significantly lower in the MDD patients compared to the HCs (p < 0.05), and the urinary levels of I and Zn were significantly higher in the MDD patients compared to the HCs (p < 0.05). The serum concentration of I (Q3: OR = 0.210, Q4: OR = 0.272) was negatively associated with MDD after adjusting for potential confounders, including age, gender, and BMI, and the urinary concentration of I (Q4: OR = 2.952) was positively associated. Conclusions The higher levels of I, Se, Cu, and Mo in serum might be protective against the development of MDD, and the excess I and Zn in urine may be associated with MDD pathogenesis. Future research needs to gain a deeper understanding of the metabolic pathways of ETEs, especially I, Se, Zn, Cu, and Mo, in MDD, and their role in the pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyong Fu
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Qinqin Wang
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Na Wang
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shilong Li
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Hongwei Zhang
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Yuxing Zhu
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Hua Guo
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Fukun Wang
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Lei He
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Shuang Xia
- Zhumadian Second People's Hospital, Zhumadian, Henan, China
| | - Bing Cao
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality, Faculty of Psychology, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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Gündoğdu A, Bolattürk ÖF, Aygül R, Akyürek F. The Relationship of Fatigue and Depression with Trace Element Levels in Epileptic Patients. Biol Trace Elem Res 2023; 201:1135-1142. [PMID: 35501663 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-022-03258-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this study, it was investigated whether there are trace element abnormalities in epileptic patients, the relationship of trace elements with fatigue and depression, and whether trace elements contribute to the development of fatigue and depression. A total of 87 people, 48 epileptic cases and 39 controls, were included in our study. Trace element levels of lead (Pb), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu), manganese (Mn), and selenium (Se) were measured in a single session on the study day by the same team. Beck Depression Inventory, Fatigue Severity Scale, Mood State Scale, and SF-36 Quality of Life scales were administered to all participants by the same person. The results were compared statistically. Depression rate was found as 35.4% and fatigue rate was 45.8% in epileptics. Se, Cu, and Mn levels were significantly higher in epileptics (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference in Zn and Pb levels (p > 0.05). In the study, a moderate positive correlation was found between fatigue and depression (r = 0.346, p = 0.016). Fatigue severity scale (FSS) and Beck depression inventory (BDI) scores were found to be significantly higher in epileptics (p < 0.05). Total mood scale (TMS) mean score was compared between patient and control groups, and the difference between the groups was statistically significant (p < 0.005). It was observed that fatigue and depression are more common in epileptics, and there may be abnormalities in trace element plasma levels in epileptics, and it was determined that trace elements did not show a significant difference between those with and without fatigue and depression, and trace elements did not show a significant correlation with fatigue and depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayşe Gündoğdu
- Neurology Department, Medicine Faculty Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey
| | - Ömer Faruk Bolattürk
- Neurology Department, Medicine Faculty, Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey.
| | - Recep Aygül
- Neurology Department, Medicine Faculty, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fikret Akyürek
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Selçuk University, Konya, Turkey
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Zhang C, Dischler A, Glover K, Qin Y. Neuronal signalling of zinc: from detection and modulation to function. Open Biol 2022; 12:220188. [PMID: 36067793 PMCID: PMC9448499 DOI: 10.1098/rsob.220188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace element that stabilizes protein structures and allosterically modulates a plethora of enzymes, ion channels and neurotransmitter receptors. Labile zinc (Zn2+) acts as an intracellular and intercellular signalling molecule in response to various stimuli, which is especially important in the central nervous system. Zincergic neurons, characterized by Zn2+ deposits in synaptic vesicles and presynaptic Zn2+ release, are found in the cortex, hippocampus, amygdala, olfactory bulb and spinal cord. To provide an overview of synaptic Zn2+ and intracellular Zn2+ signalling in neurons, the present paper summarizes the fluorescent sensors used to detect Zn2+ signals, the cellular mechanisms regulating the generation and buffering of Zn2+ signals, as well as the current perspectives on their pleiotropic effects on phosphorylation signalling, synapse formation, synaptic plasticity, as well as sensory and cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Zhang
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Anna Dischler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Kaitlyn Glover
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
| | - Yan Qin
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Denver, Denver, CO 80210, USA
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Pochwat B, Misztak P, Masternak J, Bączyńska E, Bijata K, Roszkowska M, Bijata M, Włodarczyk J, Szafarz M, Wyska E, Muszyńska B, Krakowska A, Opoka W, Nowak G, Szewczyk B. Combined hyperforin and lanicemine treatment instead of ketamine or imipramine restores behavioral deficits induced by chronic restraint stress and dietary zinc restriction in mice. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:933364. [PMID: 36091748 PMCID: PMC9448861 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.933364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies show evidence that chronic stress or nutritional deficits in dietary zinc (Zn) intake may be risk factors for developing major depressive disorder (MDD). Furthermore, there may be possible links between low serum Zn levels and development of treatment-resistant depression. In the present work, we combined chronic restraint stress (CRS) and a low-zinc diet (ZnD) in mice and carried out a set of behavioral and biochemical studies. The mice were treated with four different antidepressant compounds, namely, ketamine, Ro 25–6981 (Ro), hyperforin and lanicemine (Hyp + Lan), and imipramine (IMI). We show that CRS or ZnD alone or a combination of CRS and ZnD (CRS + ZnD) induces anhedonia observed in the sucrose preference test (SPT). The behavioral effects of CRS were restored by ketamine or IMI. However, only Hyp + Lan restored the deficits in behavioral phenotype in mice subjected to CRS + ZnD. We also showed that the antidepressant-like effects observed in Hyp + Lan-treated CRS + ZnD mice were associated with changes in the morphology of the dendritic spines (restored physiological level) in the hippocampus (Hp). Finally, we studied the metabolism of ketamine and its brain absorption in CRS and CRS + ZnD mice. Our results suggest that CRS + ZnD does not alter the metabolism of ketamine to (2R,6R;2S,6S)-HNK; however, CRS + ZnD can induce altered bioavailability and distribution of ketamine in the Hp and frontal cortex (FC) in CRS + ZnD animals compared to the control and CRS groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Pochwat
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
- *Correspondence: Bartłomiej Pochwat, ; Bernadeta Szewczyk,
| | - Paulina Misztak
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Julia Masternak
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Ewa Bączyńska
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Krystian Bijata
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Warsaw, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Matylda Roszkowska
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Monika Bijata
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Jakub Włodarczyk
- Laboratory of Cell Biophysics, Nencki Institute of Experimental Biology, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Szafarz
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Wyska
- Department of Pharmacokinetics and Physical Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bożena Muszyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Pharmacy Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Agata Krakowska
- Department of Inorganic and Analitycal Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Opoka
- Department of Inorganic and Analitycal Chemistry, Pharmacy Faculty, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
- *Correspondence: Bartłomiej Pochwat, ; Bernadeta Szewczyk,
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Rafało-Ulińska A, Pochwat B, Misztak P, Bugno R, Kryczyk-Poprawa A, Opoka W, Muszyńska B, Poleszak E, Nowak G, Szewczyk B. Zinc Deficiency Blunts the Effectiveness of Antidepressants in the Olfactory Bulbectomy Model of Depression in Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132746. [PMID: 35807926 PMCID: PMC9269062 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently used antidepressants do not always provide the desired results, and many patients suffer from treatment-resistant depression. Clinical studies suggest that zinc deficiency (ZnD) may be an important risk factor for depression and might blunt the effect of antidepressants. This study aimed to examine whether ZnD might blunt the effectiveness of antidepressants in the olfactory bulbectomy model (OB) of depression in rats. For this purpose, rats were subjected to the OB model, fed a zinc-deficient diet (3 mg Zn/kg) for 3 weeks, and finally treated with escitalopram (Esc), venlafaxine (Ven) 10 mg/kg, i.p., or combined Esc/Ven (1 mg/kg, i.p.) with zinc (5 mg/kg) for another 3 weeks. Open field (OFT), forced swim (FST), and sucrose intake (SIT) tests were used to evaluate depressive-like behavioral changes. In addition, serum, intracellular, and synaptic Zn concentrations and the level of zinc transporter (ZnT) proteins were analyzed. The OB + ZnD model induced hyperactivity in rats in the OFT, increased immobility time in the FST, and anhedonia in the SIT. Chronic treatment with Esc reduced immobility time in the FST in the OB + ZnD model. Esc/Ven +Zn increased sucrose intake in rats from the OB + ZnD group. The OB + ZnD decreased serum zinc levels and intracellular and synaptic Zn concentration in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and cerebellum. These changes were normalized by chronic administration of Esc/Ven +Zn. Moreover, OB + ZnD decreased levels of the ZnT1 protein in the PFC and Hp and ZnT3 in Hp. Chronic administration of antidepressants did not alter the levels of ZnT proteins. The OB + ZnD model induces more depressive-like effects than either model alone. Our results show that ZnD may induce drug resistance in rats. Normalizing serum or brain zinc concentration is insufficient to reverse behavioral abnormalities caused by the OB + ZnD model. However, zinc supplementation might improve the effectiveness of antidepressants in reversing particular depression symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rafało-Ulińska
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (G.N.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Bartłomiej Pochwat
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (G.N.); (B.S.)
| | - Paulina Misztak
- School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, 20900 Monza, Italy;
| | - Ryszard Bugno
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Agata Kryczyk-Poprawa
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.-P.); (W.O.)
| | - Włodzimierz Opoka
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland; (A.K.-P.); (W.O.)
| | - Bożena Muszyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 30-688 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Laboratory of Preclinical Testing, Chair and Department of Applied and Social Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (G.N.); (B.S.)
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (B.P.); (G.N.); (B.S.)
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Sah A, Kharitonova M, Mlyniec K. Neuronal correlates underlying the role of the zinc sensing receptor (GPR39) in passive-coping behaviour. Neuropharmacology 2021; 198:108752. [PMID: 34390690 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The Zn2+ receptor GPR39 is proposed to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. GPR39 knockout (KO) animals show depressive- and anxiety-like behaviour, and resistance to conventional monoamine-based antidepressants. However, it is unclear as to which brain regions are involved in the pro-depressive phenotype of GPR39KO mice and the resistance to monoamine-targeting antidepressant treatment. Our current study confirmed previous results, showing that mice lacking GPR39 display enhanced passive coping-like behaviour compared with their wild-type controls. Furthermore, this study shows for the first time that GPR39KO displayed aberrant challenge-induced neuronal activity in key brain regions associated with passive coping behaviour. Imipramine induced only a marginal reduction in the enhanced passive coping behaviour in GPR39KO mice, which was associated with attenuation of the hyperactive prefrontal cortex. Similarly, the aberrant activity within the amygdalar subregions was normalized following imipramine treatment in the GPR39KO mice, indicating that imipramine mediates these effects independently of GPR39 in the prefrontal cortex and amygdala. However, imipramine failed to modulate the aberrant brain activity in other brain regions, such as the anterior CA3 and the dentate gyrus, in GPR39KO mice. Normalization of aberrant activity in these areas has been shown previously to accompany successful behavioural effects of antidepressants. Taken together, our data suggest that monoamine-based antidepressants such as imipramine exert their action via GPR39-dependent and -independent pathways. Failure to modulate passive-coping related aberrant activity in important brain areas of the depression circuitry is proposed to mediate/contribute to the greatly reduced antidepressant action of monoamine-based antidepressants in GPR39KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Sah
- Department of Pharmacology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Maria Kharitonova
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Institute of Pharmacy and Center for Molecular Biosciences Innsbruck (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Innrain 80-82/III, A-6020, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Katarzyna Mlyniec
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688, Krakow, Poland.
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Feng J, Li JZ, Mao XM, Wang Q, Li SP, Wang CY. Real-time detection and imaging of exogenous and endogenous Zn 2+ in the PC12 cell model of depression with a NIR fluorescent probe. Analyst 2021; 146:3971-3976. [PMID: 33997880 DOI: 10.1039/d1an00508a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Depression is closely related to overactivation of N-methyl-d-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors, and Zn2+ is a vital NMDA receptor modulator involved in the pathophysiological and physiological processes of depression. Therefore, quantitative and real-time detection of Zn2+ is very important for understanding the pathogenesis of depression. In this work, a near-infrared (NIR) fluorescent probe ISO-DPA was designed and synthesized for Zn2+ detection with a large Stokes shift (185 nm), high quantum yield (up to 44%), high sensitivity (LOD = 0.106 μM) and good pH stability. The probe showed rapid response within 10 s, accompanied by a distinct fluorescence change from faint to bright pink with the fluorescence intensity increasing 4.5-fold. Moreover, the sensing mechanism of ISO-DPA towards Zn2+ was supported by MALDI-TOF-MS and Job's plot. The probe ISO-DPA could detect instantaneous variation of exogenous and endogenous Zn2+ in PC12 cells. The bioimaging results reveal the increase of the endogenous Zn2+ concentration in PC12 cells under the oxidative stress induced by glutamate and confirm that overactivation of NMDA receptors results in an increase of the Zn2+ level. All the results proved that ISO-DPA is an excellent probe for detecting Zn2+ in solution and living cells and could help us better understand Zn2+ associated pathogenesis of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Feng
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Ji-Zhen Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Xi-Mo Mao
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Qi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Su-Ping Li
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
| | - Cheng-Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Advanced Materials and Institute of Fine Chemicals, School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China University & Technology, Shanghai, 200237, P. R. China.
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Mlyniec K, Siodłak D, Doboszewska U, Nowak G. GPCR oligomerization as a target for antidepressants: Focus on GPR39. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 225:107842. [PMID: 33746052 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
At present most of the evidence for the relevance of oligomerization for the pharmacology of depression comes from in vitro studies which identified oligomers, and from neuropsychopharmacological studies of receptors which participate in oligomerization. For example, behavioural and biochemical studies in knockout animals suggest that GPR39 may mediate the antidepressant action of monoaminergic antidepressants. We have recently found long-lasting antidepressant-like effects of GPR39 agonist, thus suggesting GPR39 as a target for the development of novel antidepressant drugs. In vitro studies have shown that GPR39 oligomerizes with other GPCRs. Oligomerization of GPR39 should thus be considered in relation to the development of new antidepressants targeting this receptor as well as antidepressants targeting other receptors that may form complexes with GPR39. Here, we summarize recent data suggestive of the importance of oligomerization for the pharmacology of depression and discuss approaches for validation of this phenomenon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Mlyniec
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Dominika Siodłak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Urszula Doboszewska
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland; Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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Aly J, Engmann O. The Way to a Human's Brain Goes Through Their Stomach: Dietary Factors in Major Depressive Disorder. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:582853. [PMID: 33364919 PMCID: PMC7750481 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.582853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, more than 250 million people are affected by depression (major depressive disorder; MDD), a serious and debilitating mental disorder. Currently available treatment options can have substantial side effects and take weeks to be fully effective. Therefore, it is important to find safe alternatives, which act more rapidly and in a larger number of patients. While much research on MDD focuses on chronic stress as a main risk factor, we here make a point of exploring dietary factors as a somewhat overlooked, yet highly promising approach towards novel antidepressant pathways. Deficiencies in various groups of nutrients often occur in patients with mental disorders. These include vitamins, especially members of the B-complex (B6, B9, B12). Moreover, an imbalance of fatty acids, such as omega-3 and omega-6, or an insufficient supply with minerals, including magnesium and zinc, are related to MDD. While some of them are relevant for the synthesis of monoamines, others play a crucial role in inflammation, neuroprotection and the synthesis of growth factors. Evidence suggests that when deficiencies return to normal, changes in mood and behavior can be, at least in some cases, achieved. Furthermore, supplementation with dietary factors (so called "nutraceuticals") may improve MDD symptoms even in the absence of a deficiency. Non-vital dietary factors may affect MDD symptoms as well. For instance, the most commonly consumed psychostimulant caffeine may improve behavioral and molecular markers of MDD. The molecular structure of most dietary factors is well known. Hence, dietary factors may provide important molecular tools to study and potentially help treat MDD symptoms. Within this review, we will discuss the role of dietary factors in MDD risk and symptomology, and critically discuss how they might serve as auxiliary treatments or preventative options for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Aly
- Faculty of Medicine, Friedrich Schiller Universität, Jena, Germany
| | - Olivia Engmann
- Institute for Human Genetics, Jena University Hospital, Jena, Germany
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de Souza Pessôa G, de Jesus JR, Balbuena TS, Arruda MAZ. Metallomics-based platforms for comparing the human blood serum profiles between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia patients. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34 Suppl 3:e8698. [PMID: 31837042 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE An evaluation of bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) was carried out, from a metallomics point of view, using native conditions, attempting to preserve the interaction between metals and biomolecules. METHOD For this task, blood serum samples from healthy individuals and patients were compared. In addition, the profiles of metal ions and metalloids involved in the pathologies were quantified, and a comparison was carried out of the protein profile in serum samples of healthy individuals and diseased patients. RESULTS After optimization and accuracy evaluation of the method, different concentrations of Li, Mg, Mn and Zn were observed in the samples of BD patients and high levels of copper for SCZ patients, indicating an imbalance in the homeostasis of important micronutrients. The treatment, especially with lithium, may be related to competition between metallic ions. BD-related metallobiomolecules were detected, preserving the binding between metal ions and biomolecules, with four fractions detected in the ultraviolet range (280 nm). Four fractions were collected by high-performance liquid chromatography/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC/ICP-MS) and the proteins were identified by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The Ig lambda chain V-IV region Hil, immunoglobulin heavy constant gama 1 (IGHG1) and beta-2-glycoprotein 1 (or ApoH) was identified in SCZ samples, suggesting its relationship with mood disorders. Surprisingly, Protein IGKV2D-28 was identified only in BD samples, opening up new possibilities for studies regarding the role of this protein in BD. CONCLUSIONS This approach brings new perspectives to the comprehension of mood disorders, highlighting the importance of metallomics science in disease development. This strategy showed an innovative potential for evaluating mood disorders at the proteomic level, making it possible to identify proteins related to mood disorders and BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo de Souza Pessôa
- Group of Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization (GEPAM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, 13084-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13084-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jemmyson Romário de Jesus
- Group of Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization (GEPAM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, 13084-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13084-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Santana Balbuena
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda
- Group of Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization (GEPAM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, 13084-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13084-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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12
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Pochwat B, Domin H, Rafało-Ulińska A, Szewczyk B, Nowak G. Ketamine and Ro 25-6981 Reverse Behavioral Abnormalities in Rats Subjected to Dietary Zinc Restriction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134791. [PMID: 32640759 PMCID: PMC7369754 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical and preclinical studies indicate that zinc (Zn) is an essential factor in the development and treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD). Conventional monoamine-based antidepressants mobilize zinc in the blood and brain of depressed patients as well as rodents. N-methyl-D-aspartate acid receptor (NMDAR) antagonists exhibit antidepressant-like activity. However, not much is known about the antidepressant efficacy of NMDAR antagonists in zinc-deficient (ZnD) animals. We evaluated the antidepressant-like activity of two NMDAR antagonists (ketamine; global NMDAR antagonist and Ro 25-6981 (Ro); selective antagonist of the GluN2B NMDAR subunit) in ZnD rats using the forced swim test (FST) and sucrose intake test (SIT). A single dose of either Ro 25-6981 or ketamine normalized depressive-like behaviors in ZnD rats; however, Ro was effective in both tests, while ketamine was only effective in the FST. Additionally, we investigated the mechanism of antidepressant action of Ro at the molecular (analysis of protein expression by Western blotting) and anatomical (density of dendritic spines by Golgi Cox-staining) levels. ZnD rats exhibited decreased phosphorylation of the p70S6K protein, and enhanced density of dendritic spines in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) compared to control rats. The antidepressant-like activity of Ro was associated with the increased phosphorylation of p70S6K and ERK in the PFC. In summary, single doses of the NMDAR antagonists ketamine and Ro exhibited antidepressant-like activity in the ZnD animal model of depression. Animals were only deprived of Zn for 4 weeks and the biochemical effects of Zn deprivation and Ro were investigated in the PFC and hippocampus. The shorter duration of dietary Zn restriction may be a limitation of the study. However, future studies with longer durations of dietary Zn restriction, as well as the investigation of multiple brain structures, are encouraged as a supplement to this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Pochwat
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Smetna street 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (A.R.-U.); (B.S.)
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (G.N.); Tel.: +48-126623362 (B.P.); +48-126623215 (G.N.); Fax: +48-126374500 (B.P. & G.N.)
| | - Helena Domin
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, Smetna street 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland;
| | - Anna Rafało-Ulińska
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Smetna street 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (A.R.-U.); (B.S.)
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Smetna street 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (A.R.-U.); (B.S.)
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Maj Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Smetna street 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; (A.R.-U.); (B.S.)
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna Street, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
- Correspondence: (B.P.); (G.N.); Tel.: +48-126623362 (B.P.); +48-126623215 (G.N.); Fax: +48-126374500 (B.P. & G.N.)
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13
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Abou-Hashem RM, Shaat MM, Hamza SA, Mahmoud NH, Ali SM. The Relationship between Trace Elements and Depression among Older Patients with Chronic Liver Disease. ELECTRONIC JOURNAL OF GENERAL MEDICINE 2020. [DOI: 10.29333/ejgm/7887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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14
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Twayej AJ, Al-Hakeim HK, Al-Dujaili AH, Maes M. Lowered zinc and copper levels in drug-naïve patients with major depression: Effects of antidepressants, ketoprofen and immune activation. World J Biol Psychiatry 2020; 21:127-138. [PMID: 31062629 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2019.1612090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of the present work is to examine the effects of treatment with sertraline with and without ketoprofen on serum levels of zinc and copper in association with immune-inflammatory biomarkers in drug-naïve major depressed patients.Methods: We measured serum zinc and copper, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-4, IL-6, IL-18, interferon-γ, and transforming growth factor-β1 in 40 controls and 133 depressed patients. The clinical efficacy of the treatment was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II) at baseline and 8 weeks later.Results: We found significantly reduced serum zinc and copper in association with upregulation of all cytokines, indicating activation of the immune-inflammatory responses system (IRS) and the compensatory immune regulatory system (CIRS). Treatment with sertraline significantly increased zinc and decreased copper. During treatment, there was a significant inverse association between serum zinc and immune activation. The improvement in the BDI-II during treatment was significantly associated with increments in serum zinc coupled with attenuation of the IRS/CIRS.Conclusions: Lower zinc is a hallmark of depression, while increments in serum zinc and attenuation of the immune-inflammatory response during treatment appear to play a role in the clinical efficacy of sertraline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Jasim Twayej
- Pathological Analysis Department, College of Health and Medical Techniques, Al-Kafeel University, Najaf, Iraq
| | | | | | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.,School of Medicine, IMPACT Strategic Research Centre, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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15
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Sauer AK, Grabrucker AM. Zinc Deficiency During Pregnancy Leads to Altered Microbiome and Elevated Inflammatory Markers in Mice. Front Neurosci 2019; 13:1295. [PMID: 31849598 PMCID: PMC6895961 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2019.01295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is an essential trace metal for bacteria of the intestinal flora. Approximately 20% of dietary zinc – intake is used by intestinal bacteria. The microbiome has recently been described as an important factor for healthy brain function via so-called gut-brain interactions. Similarly, zinc deficiency has been associated with neurological problems such as depression, mental lethargy and cognitive impairments in humans and animal models. However, the underlying pathomechanisms are currently not well understood and a link between zinc deficiency and altered microbiota composition has not been studied. Especially during pregnancy, women may be prone to low zinc status. Thus, here, we investigate whether zinc deficiency alters gut-brain interaction in pregnant mice by triggering changes in the microbiome. To that end, pregnant mice were fed different diets being zinc-adequate, deficient in zinc, or adequate in zinc but high in zinc uptake antagonists for 8 weeks. Our results show that acute zinc-deficient pregnant mice and pregnant mice on a diet high in zinc uptake antagonists have an altered composition of gastro-intestinal (GI) microbiota. These changes were accompanied by alterations in markers for GI permeability. Within the brain, we found signs of neuroinflammation. Interestingly, microbiota composition, gut pathology, and inflammatory cytokine levels were partially rescued upon supplementation of mice with zinc amino-acid conjugates (ZnAA). We conclude that zinc deficiency may contribute to abnormal gut-brain signaling by altering gut physiology, microbiota composition and triggering an increase of inflammatory markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Katrin Sauer
- WG Molecular Analysis of Synaptopathies, Neurology Department, Neurocenter of Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Institute for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany.,Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Andreas M Grabrucker
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.,Bernal Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
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16
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Czarny P, Bialek K, Ziolkowska S, Strycharz J, Sliwinski T. DNA damage and repair in neuropsychiatric disorders. What do we know and what are the future perspectives? Mutagenesis 2019; 35:79-106. [DOI: 10.1093/mutage/gez035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractOver the past two decades, extensive research has been done to elucidate the molecular etiology and pathophysiology of neuropsychiatric disorders. In majority of them, including Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, increased oxidative and nitrosative stress was found. This stress is known to induce oxidative damage to biomolecules, including DNA. Accordingly, increased mitochondrial and nuclear DNA, as well as RNA damage, were observed in patients suffering from these diseases. However, recent findings indicate that the patients are characterised by impaired DNA repair pathways, which may suggest that these DNA lesions could be also a result of their insufficient repair. In the current systematic, critical review, we aim to sum up, using available literature, the knowledge about the involvement of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA damage and repair, as well as about damage to RNA in pathoetiology of neuropsychiatric disorders, i.e., AD, PD, ALS, BD, schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, as well as the usefulness of the discussed factors as being diagnostic markers and targets for new therapies. Moreover, we also underline the new directions to which future studies should head to elucidate these phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Czarny
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Bialek
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sylwia Ziolkowska
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Justyna Strycharz
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Tomasz Sliwinski
- Laboratory of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
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17
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Skrajnowska D, Bobrowska-Korczak B. Role of Zinc in Immune System and Anti-Cancer Defense Mechanisms. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2273. [PMID: 31546724 PMCID: PMC6835436 DOI: 10.3390/nu11102273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Revised: 09/13/2019] [Accepted: 09/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human body cannot store zinc reserves, so a deficiency can arise relatively quickly, e.g., through an improper diet. Severe zinc deficiency is rare, but mild deficiencies are common around the world. Many epidemiological studies have shown a relationship between the zinc content in the diet and the risk of cancer. The anti-cancer effect of zinc is most often associated with its antioxidant properties. However, this is just one of many possibilities, including the influence of zinc on the immune system, transcription factors, cell differentiation and proliferation, DNA and RNA synthesis and repair, enzyme activation or inhibition, the regulation of cellular signaling, and the stabilization of the cell structure and membranes. This study presents selected issues regarding the current knowledge of anti-cancer mechanisms involving this element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Skrajnowska
- Department of Bromatology, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, 02-097 Warsaw, Poland.
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18
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Antidepressant-like activity of hyperforin and changes in BDNF and zinc levels in mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112045. [PMID: 31220487 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Revised: 06/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) - a rodent model of depression mimics a variety of neurochemical and behavioral alterations similar to those seen in human depression. This study evaluated the antidepressant activity of hyperforin in the CUMS model using fluoxetine (FLX) as a reference drug. The antidepressant-like effects of hyperforin and FLX were evaluated in the tail suspension test (TST), forced swim test (FST), and splash test (SPT). CUMS induced an increase in immobility time in mice (pro-depressive effects) in the FST and TST. CUMS-induced changes were reversed by chronic treatment with hyperforin (2.5 and 5 mg/kg), as well as FLX (10 mg/kg). SPT results revealed a decrease in the frequency and duration of grooming in stressed mice. These effects were normalized by hyperforin (5 mg/kg) and FLX treatment. Hyperforin (2.5 mg/kg) only reversed the CUMS-induced deficits related to the frequency of grooming. CUMS also caused a decrease in zinc concentration in the frontal cortex (FC) and hippocampus (Hp) of mice; hyperforin (2.5 mg/kg) increased zinc concentration in the Hp of control rats. CUMS also induced a decrease in BDNF protein levels in the FC and Hp, while decreasing the pCREB/CREB ratio only in the Hp. Hyperforin (2.5 and 5 mg/kg) reversed the CUMS-induced reduction of BDNF only in the Hp. Our results demonstrate the antidepressant-like activity of hyperforin in the CUMS model in mice and the possible involvement of hippocampal BDNF/zinc alterations in this activity.
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19
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Starowicz G, Jarosz M, Frąckiewicz E, Grzechnik N, Ostachowicz B, Nowak G, Mlyniec K. Long-lasting antidepressant-like activity of the GPR39 zinc receptor agonist TC-G 1008. J Affect Disord 2019; 245:325-334. [PMID: 30419533 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of the zinc-sensing receptor, has provided new possibilities for explaining the neurobiology of zinc. Recent studies indicate that the GPR39 zinc receptor may play an important role in the pathogenesis of depression as well as in the antidepressant mechanism of action. METHODS In this study we evaluated the time-course of the antidepressant response of the GPR39 agonist (TC-G 1008), imipramine, ZnCl2 and MK-801 in the forced swim test in mice 30 min, 3 h, 6 h and 24 h after acute drug administration as well as after 14-day treatment. Zinc level was measured in serum of mice. BDNF protein level was evaluated in hippocampus following both acute and chronic TC-G 1008 treatment. RESULTS A single administration of the GPR39 agonist caused an antidepressant-like effect lasting up to 24 h following the injection, which is longer than the effect of imipramine, ZnCl2 and MK-801. Chronic treatment with these compounds caused a decrease in immobility time in the FST. Serum zinc concentrations showed an increased level following chronic ZnCl2 administration, but not following administration of TC-G 1008, imipramine or MK-801. We also observed some tendencies for increased BDNF following acute TC-G 1008 treatment. LIMITATIONS TC-G 1008 is new drug designed to study GPR39 therefore additional pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties in preclinical studies are required. CONCLUSION This study shows for the first time the long-lasting antidepressant effect of the GPR39 agonist in comparison with imipramine, ZnCl2 and MK-801. Our findings suggest that GPR39 should be considered as a target in efforts to develop new antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela Starowicz
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Jarosz
- Department of Radioligands, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ewelina Frąckiewicz
- Department of Radioligands, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalia Grzechnik
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland
| | - Beata Ostachowicz
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Sciences, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland; Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Department of Neurobiology, Smetna Street 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Mlyniec
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Krakow, Poland.
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20
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Wang J, Um P, Dickerman BA, Liu J. Zinc, Magnesium, Selenium and Depression: A Review of the Evidence, Potential Mechanisms and Implications. Nutrients 2018; 10:E584. [PMID: 29747386 PMCID: PMC5986464 DOI: 10.3390/nu10050584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Revised: 04/29/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency and depression are major global health problems. Here, we first review recent empirical evidence of the association between several micronutrients—zinc, magnesium, selenium—and depression. We then present potential mechanisms of action and discuss the clinical implications for each micronutrient. Collectively, empirical evidence most strongly supports a positive association between zinc deficiency and the risk of depression and an inverse association between zinc supplementation and depressive symptoms. Less evidence is available regarding the relationship between magnesium and selenium deficiency and depression, and studies have been inconclusive. Potential mechanisms of action involve the HPA axis, glutamate homeostasis and inflammatory pathways. Findings support the importance of adequate consumption of micronutrients in the promotion of mental health, and the most common dietary sources for zinc and other micronutrients are provided. Future research is needed to prospectively investigate the association between micronutrient levels and depression as well as the safety and efficacy of micronutrient supplementation as an adjunct treatment for depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Wang
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Phoebe Um
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | | | - Jianghong Liu
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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21
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Ordak M, Bulska E, Jablonka-Salach K, Luciuk A, Maj-Żurawska M, Matsumoto H, Nasierowski T, Wojnar M, Matras J, Muszynska E, Bujalska-Zadrozny M. Effect of Disturbances of Zinc and Copper on the Physical and Mental Health Status of Patients with Alcohol Dependence. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 183:9-15. [PMID: 28801722 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1113-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The concentrations of copper and zinc in the tissues of alcohol-addicted people can significantly correlate with the variables describing their mental state. Studies on the homeostasis of zinc in alcohol-dependent patients have often been characterized by low hypozincemia detection. This may be caused by a low content of zinc in blood serum (1%) compared to the average zinc level in the body. Unfortunately, most authors have identified extracellular zinc in their studies. In the available literature, data on the level of copper in patients suffering from alcohol dependence are inconsistent. Our study included 100 alcohol-addicted patients (the study group) and 50 healthy subjects (the control group). Mental state was measured using appropriate psychometric scales. We used inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to determine copper and zinc content. Our results confirm the purposefulness of the use of zinc concentration in erythrocytes as a diagnostic parameter for low zinc status in alcohol-dependent patients. Alcohol-dependent patients with reduced concentrations of zinc in erythrocytes/copper in blood plasma differed significantly from alcohol-dependent patients with normal concentrations in terms of clinical parameters. With regard to zinc in blood plasma and copper in erythrocytes, this situation has not been found. The clinical symptoms of hypozincemia and copper deficiency in patients addicted to alcohol usually relate to disorders in central nervous system functioning, and they result in a decreased quality of physical and mental life.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ordak
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical, Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - E Bulska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - K Jablonka-Salach
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - A Luciuk
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Maj-Żurawska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Biological and Chemical Research Centre University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - H Matsumoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Nasierowski
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - M Wojnar
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - J Matras
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical, Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - E Muszynska
- Department of General Biology, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok, Poland
| | - M Bujalska-Zadrozny
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Centre for Preclinical, Research and Technology (CePT), Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
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22
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Islam MR, Islam MR, Shalahuddin Qusar MMA, Islam MS, Kabir MH, Mustafizur Rahman GKM, Islam MS, Hasnat A. Alterations of serum macro-minerals and trace elements are associated with major depressive disorder: a case-control study. BMC Psychiatry 2018; 18:94. [PMID: 29631563 PMCID: PMC5891975 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-018-1685-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 74] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a mixed disorder with the highly irregular course, inconsistent response to treatment and has no well-known mechanism for the pathophysiology. Major causes of depression are genetic, neurobiological, and environmental. However, over the past few years, altered serum levels of macro-minerals (MM) and trace elements (TE) have been recognized as major causative factors to the pathogenesis of many mental disorders. The purpose of this study was to determine the serum levels of MM (calcium and magnesium) and TE (copper, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc) in MDD patients and find out their associations with depression risk. METHODS This prospective case-control study recruited 247 patients and 248 healthy volunteers matched by age and sex. The serum levels of MM and TE were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Statistical analysis was performed with independent sample t-tests and Pearson's correlation test. RESULTS We found significantly decreased concentrations of calcium and magnesium, iron, manganese, selenium, and zinc in MDD patients compared with control subjects (p < 0.05). But the concentration of copper was significantly increased in the patients than control subjects (p < 0.05). Data obtained from different inter-element relations in MDD patients and control subjects strongly suggest that there is a disturbance in the element homeostasis. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that altered serum concentrations of MM and TE are major contributing factors for the pathogenesis of MDD. Alterations of these elements in serum levels of MDD patients arise independently and they may provide a prognostic tool for the assessment of depression risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Rabiul Islam
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Reazul Islam
- 0000 0001 1498 6059grid.8198.8Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - M. M. A. Shalahuddin Qusar
- 0000 0001 2034 9320grid.411509.8Department of Psychiatry, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- grid.449503.fDepartment of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Sonapur, Noakhali, 3814 Bangladesh
| | - Md Humayun Kabir
- grid.443108.aDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - G. K. M. Mustafizur Rahman
- grid.443108.aDepartment of Soil Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Salna, Gazipur, 1706 Bangladesh
| | - Md Saiful Islam
- 0000 0001 1498 6059grid.8198.8Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
| | - Abul Hasnat
- 0000 0001 1498 6059grid.8198.8Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, 1000 Bangladesh
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Kim NR, Kim KW, Kim HN, Song SW. Associations Between Serum Zinc Levels and Mental Health: Findings from the 2010 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Biol Trace Elem Res 2018; 181:192-198. [PMID: 28508187 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-017-1051-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Mental health problems are a major public health issue worldwide, and zinc may be associated with psychiatric symptoms, but such associations have not been investigated extensively. This study was conducted to evaluate the relationship between serum zinc levels and mental health problems in Korean adults. We used data from the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey V-1, a cross-sectional survey of Korean civilians. Data from 1748 subjects were analyzed. Serum zinc levels did not differ significantly according to psychiatric symptoms including sleep duration, stress, depressed mood, suicidal ideation, and whether respondents sought psychiatric consultation. The frequencies and odds ratios of psychiatric symptoms according to serum zinc tertiles were not significantly associated after adjusting for age, smoking, alcohol consumption, physical activity, body mass index, total body fat, and renal function and for daily fat, carbohydrate, and protein intake. Serum zinc levels may not be associated with psychiatric symptoms in Korean adults without psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na-Rae Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 93, Jungbu-daero, Paldal-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16247, Republic of Korea
| | - Ko-Woon Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 93, Jungbu-daero, Paldal-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16247, Republic of Korea
| | - Ha-Na Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 93, Jungbu-daero, Paldal-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16247, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Wook Song
- Department of Family Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 93, Jungbu-daero, Paldal-gu, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16247, Republic of Korea.
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The interplay between inflammation, oxidative stress, DNA damage, DNA repair and mitochondrial dysfunction in depression. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 80:309-321. [PMID: 28669580 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
A growing body of evidence suggests that inflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidant-antioxidant imbalance may play a significant role in the development and progression of depression. Elevated levels of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species - a result of oxidant-antioxidant imbalance - may lead to increased damage of biomolecules, including DNA. This was confirmed in depressed patients in a research study conducted by our team and other scientists. 8-oxoguanine - a marker of oxidative DNA damage - was found in the patients' lymphocytes, urine and serum. These results were confirmed using a comet assay on lymphocytes. Furthermore, it was shown that the patients' cells repaired peroxide-induced DNA damage less efficiently than controls' cells and that some single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) of the genes involved in oxidative DNA damage repair may modulate the risk of depression. Lastly, less efficient DNA damage repair observed in the patients can be, at least partly, attributed to the presence of specific SNP variants, as it was revealed through a genotype-phenotype analysis. In conclusion, the available literature shows that both oxidative stress and less efficient DNA damage repair may lead to increased DNA damage in depressed patients. A similar mechanism may result in mitochondrial dysfunction, which is observed in depression.
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Alavi MS, Shamsizadeh A, Azhdari-Zarmehri H, Roohbakhsh A. Orphan G protein-coupled receptors: The role in CNS disorders. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 98:222-232. [PMID: 29268243 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.12.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
There are various types of receptors in the central nervous system (CNS). G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) have the highest expression with a wide range of physiological functions. A newer sub group of these receptors namely orphan GPCRs have been discovered. GPR3, GPR6, GPR17, GPR26, GPR37, GPR39, GPR40, GPR50, GPR52, GPR54, GPR55, GPR85, GPR88, GPR103, and GPR139 are the selected orphan GPCRs for this article. Their roles in the central nervous system have not been understood well so far. However, recent studies show that they may have very important functions in the CNS. Hence, in the present study, we reviewed most recent findings regarding the physiological roles of the selected orphan GPCRs in the CNS. After a brief presentation of each receptor, considering the results from genetic and pharmacological manipulation of the receptors, their roles in the pathophysiology of different diseases and disorders including anxiety, depression, schizophrenia, epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and substance abuse will be discussed. At present, our knowledge regarding the role of GPCRs in the brain is very limited. However, previous limited studies show that orphan GPCRs have an important place in psychopharmacology and these receptors are potential new targets for the treatment of major CNS diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohaddeseh Sadat Alavi
- Division of Neurocognitive Sciences, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ali Shamsizadeh
- Physiology-Pharmacology Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran
| | - Hassan Azhdari-Zarmehri
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences and Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran
| | - Ali Roohbakhsh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran; Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
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26
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Abstract
Cynk jest jednym z głównych pierwiastków śladowych organizmu, spełniającym rolę katalityczną, strukturalną i regulacyjną. Jest niezbędny do podziałów komórkowych i różnicowania powstających komórek, uczestniczy w homeostazie, reakcjach odpornościowych, w apoptozie i starzeniu się organizmu. Cynk jest również składnikiem wielu enzymów i białek oraz odgrywa ważną rolę w spermatogenezie i syntezie hormonów steroidowych. Niedostateczna podaż cynku dotyczy ok. 30% ludności świata. Oprócz niedostatecznej podaży z pokarmem, przyczyną niedoboru cynku mogą być niektóre schorzenia oraz nieprawidłowe wchłanianie tego pierwiastka. Schorzenia, wynikające z niedoboru tego pierwiastka, mogą występować zarówno u dzieci, jak i dorosłych. Suplementacja diety preparatami cynku w wielu przypadkach jest niezbędna, jednak samodzielne jego stosowanie, bez stwierdzonego niedoboru i bez konsultacji z lekarzem, może doprowadzić do występowania działań niepożądanych w wyniku jego nadużywania, w tym także niebezpiecznych interakcji z innymi stosowanymi preparatami i żywnością.
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Pochwat B, Rafało-Ulińska A, Domin H, Misztak P, Nowak G, Szewczyk B. Involvement of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in the short and long-lasting antidepressant-like activity of NMDA receptor antagonists (zinc and Ro 25-6981) in the forced swim test in rats. Neuropharmacology 2017; 125:333-342. [PMID: 28802646 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2017.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Revised: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Short and long acting NMDA receptor (NMDAR) antagonists exert their antidepressant-like effects by activating signaling pathways involved in the synthesis of synaptic proteins and formation of new synaptic connections in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rats. The blockade of the ERK pathway abolishes ketamine and Ro 25-6981 antidepressant potency. However, the role of ERK in the antidepressant-like activity of short acting NMDAR antagonists is still unclear. More puzzling is the fact that the precise role of ERK in the short and long lasting effects of long-acting NMDAR antagonists is unknown. In this study, we show that zinc, (Zn) a short-acting NMDAR antagonist evokes only transient ERK activation, which is observed 7 min after its administration in the PFC of rats. In contrast to Zn, the long acting NMDAR antagonist Ro 25-6981 produces persistent ERK activation lasting up to 24 h. Pretreatment with the MAPK/ERK inhibitor (U0126) totally abolished Zn and Ro 25-6981 antidepressant-like activities in the forced swim test in rats. However, when U0126 is administered 15 min after Zn or Ro 25-6981 both compounds maintain their short-lasting antidepressant-like activity. On the other hand, posttreatment with U0126 significantly attenuated the long lasting antidepressant-like activity of Ro 25-6981. These results indicate that the activation of ERK is crucial for the short- and long lasting antidepressant-like activity observed in the FST in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartłomiej Pochwat
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343, Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland.
| | - Anna Rafało-Ulińska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343, Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Helena Domin
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343, Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Paulina Misztak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343, Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343, Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Neurobiology, 31-343, Kraków, Smętna Street 12, Poland
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Błażewicz A, Liao KY, Liao HH, Niziński P, Komsta Ł, Momčilović B, Jabłońska-Czapla M, Michalski R, Prystupa A, Sak JJ, Kocjan R. Alterations of Hair and Nail Content of Selected Trace Elements in Nonoccupationally Exposed Patients with Chronic Depression from Different Geographical Regions. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:3178784. [PMID: 28386550 PMCID: PMC5366181 DOI: 10.1155/2017/3178784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 12/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine if altered levels of selected trace elements manifest themselves during chronic depression. To identify elements strongly associated with chronic depression, relationships between the elemental contents of hair and nails and the interelement correlations were checked. Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and ion chromatography were used to evaluate the contents of Zn, Cu, Co, Pb, Mn, and Fe in hair and nail samples from a total of 415 subjects (295 patients and 120 healthy volunteers). The study included logistic regression models to predict the probability of chronic depression. To investigate possible intercorrelations among the studied elements, the scaled principal component analysis was used. The research has revealed differences in TE levels in the group of depressed men and women in comparison to the healthy subjects. Statistically significant differences in both hair and nails contents of several elements were observed. Our study also provides strong evidence that the intermediary metabolism of certain elements is age- and gender-dependent. Zn, Mn, Pb, and Fe contents in hair/nails seem to be strongly associated with chronic depression. We found no statistically significant residence-related differences in the contents of studied elements in nonoccupationally exposed patients and healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Błażewicz
- Chair of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kuan-Yung Liao
- Homu Clinic, No. 61, Dongping Rd., East Dist., Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Heng-Hsin Liao
- Homu Clinic, No. 61, Dongping Rd., East Dist., Tainan City 701, Taiwan
| | - Przemysław Niziński
- Chair of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Łukasz Komsta
- Chair and Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 4, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Berislav Momčilović
- Institute for Research and Development of the Sustainable Eco Systems, Srebrnjak 59, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Magdalena Jabłońska-Czapla
- Institute of Environmental Engineering of Polish Academy of Sciences, Sklodowska-Curie 34 Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Rajmund Michalski
- Institute of Environmental Engineering of Polish Academy of Sciences, Sklodowska-Curie 34 Street, 41-819 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Andrzej Prystupa
- Chair and Department of Internal Diseases, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 16, 20-081 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław J. Sak
- Department of Ethics and Human Philosophy, Medical University of Lublin, Staszica 4/6, 20-059 Lublin, Poland
- Department of Nephrology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8, 20-954 Lublin, Poland
| | - Ryszard Kocjan
- Chair of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 4a St., 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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29
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Styczeń K, Sowa-Kućma M, Siwek M, Dudek D, Reczyński W, Szewczyk B, Misztak P, Topór-Mądry R, Opoka W, Nowak G. The serum zinc concentration as a potential biological marker in patients with major depressive disorder. Metab Brain Dis 2017; 32:97-103. [PMID: 27502410 PMCID: PMC5225246 DOI: 10.1007/s11011-016-9888-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite many clinical trials assessing the role of zinc in major depressive disorder (MDD), the conclusions still remain ambiguous. The aim of the present clinical study was to determine and comparison the zinc concentration in the blood of MDD patients (active stage or remission) and healthy volunteers (controls), as well as to discuss its potential clinical usefulness as a biomarker of the disease. In this study 69 patients with current depressive episode, 45 patients in remission and 50 controls were enrolled. The zinc concentration was measured by electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (ET AAS). The obtained results revealed, that the zinc concentration in depressed phase were statistically lower than in the healthy volunteers [0.89 vs. 1.06 mg/L, respectively], while the zinc level in patients achieve remission was not significantly different from the controls [1.07 vs. 1.06 mg/L, respectively]. Additionally, among the patients achieve remission a significant differences in zinc concentration between group with and without presence of drug-resistance in the previous episode of depression were observed. Also, patients in remission demonstrated correlation between zinc level and the average number of depressive episodes in the last year. Serum zinc concentration was not dependent on atypical features of depression, presence of psychotic symptoms or melancholic syndrome, age, age of onset or duration of disease, number of episodes in the life time, duration of the episode/remission and severity of depression measured by the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HDRS), and the Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale (MADRS). Concluding, our findings confirm the correlation between zinc deficit present in the depressive episode, and are consistent with the majority of previous studies. These results may also indicate that serum zinc concentration might be considered as a potential biological marker of MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Styczeń
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kućma
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland.
| | - Marcin Siwek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Dudek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kopernika 21a, 31-501, Krakow, Poland
| | - Witold Reczyński
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Misztak
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Roman Topór-Mądry
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Grzegórzecka 20, 31-531, Krakow, Poland
| | - Włodzimierz Opoka
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Smetna 12, 31-343, Krakow, Poland
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Krakow, Poland
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30
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Chowdhury MI, Hasan M, Islam MS, Sarwar MS, Amin MN, Uddin SMN, Rahaman MZ, Banik S, Hussain MS, Yokota K, Hasnat A. Elevated serum MDA and depleted non-enzymatic antioxidants, macro-minerals and trace elements are associated with bipolar disorder. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2017; 39:162-168. [PMID: 27908410 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Revised: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 09/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Genetic and neurobiological factors are considered to be the major causes of mood and mental disorders. However, over the past few years, increased levels of serum malondialdehyde and altered levels of various non-enzymatic antioxidants and essential minerals involved in abnormal functional activity have been identified as major contributing factors to the pathogenesis of several neurological disorders. The aim of this study was to determine the levels of the serum lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde (MDA), antioxidants (vitamin A, E and C), macro-minerals (calcium, potassium and sodium) and trace elements (zinc, iron and selenium) in patients with bipolar disorder and to explore their role in disease progression. This is a prospective case-control study that evaluated 55 patients with bipolar disorder and 55 healthy volunteers matched by age and sex. Serum MDA levels were determined by UV spectrophotometry as a marker of lipid peroxidation. RP-HPLC was employed to investigate the serum vitamin A and E concentrations, whereas UV spectrophotometry was used to quantify levels of vitamin C. Serum macro-minerals and trace elements were analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS). Statistical analysis was performed with independent sample t-tests and Pearson's correlation test. We found significantly higher concentrations of MDA (p<0.05) and significantly lower concentrations of antioxidants (vitamin A, E and C) (p<0.05) in the patient group compared with control group. Regarding trace elements and macro-minerals, lower concentrations of zinc, calcium, iron, selenium, sodium and potassium were found in the patient group compared with control subjects (p<0.05). Our study suggests that high serum MDA concentrations and low serum concentrations of antioxidants, macro-minerals and trace elements are strongly associated with bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maimuna Hasan
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Safiqul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Shahid Sarwar
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Mohammad Nurul Amin
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - S M Naim Uddin
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, Bangladesh
| | - Md Zahedur Rahaman
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Sujan Banik
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Md Saddam Hussain
- Department of Pharmacy, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, Bangladesh
| | - Kazushige Yokota
- Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu-cho, Matsue-Shi, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Abul Hasnat
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
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31
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Potential antidepressant-like properties of the TC G-1008, a GPR39 (zinc receptor) agonist. J Affect Disord 2016; 201:179-84. [PMID: 27235821 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 03/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Some forms of depression appear to be more related to the glutamatergic system. G-coupled protein receptor 39 (GPR39) is the metabotropic zinc receptor, which may be involved in the pathophysiology of depression and in the antidepressant response. Its deficiency abolishes the antidepressant response, which means that GPR39 is required to obtain a therapeutic effect in depression. This raises the possibility that agonists of the zinc receptor may have a role in antidepressant treatment. To explore this possibility we investigated animal behaviour in the forced swim test, the tail suspension test (to assess antidepressant-like properties), the light/dark test and the elevated plus maze test (to assess anxiolytic-like properties), following acute administration of a GPR39 agonist (TC G-1008). We found an antidepressant response (as measured by the forced swim test but not by the tail suspension test) in mice following the GPR39 agonist treatment. Additionally, we observed the opposite results in the light/dark box (decreased overall distance; increased time spent in the lit compartment; decreased time spent in the dark compartment; increased freezing time) and elevated plus maze (no significant changes), which may be a consequence of the sedative effect of TC G-1008. We also found hippocampal GPR39 and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) up-regulation following administration of the GPR39 agonist, which may be undiscovered so far as a possible novel agent in the treatment of mood disorders.
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32
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Roomruangwong C, Kanchanatawan B, Sirivichayakul S, Mahieu B, Nowak G, Maes M. Lower Serum Zinc and Higher CRP Strongly Predict Prenatal Depression and Physio-somatic Symptoms, Which All Together Predict Postnatal Depressive Symptoms. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:1500-1512. [PMID: 26846364 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9741-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy and delivery are associated with activation of immune-inflammatory pathways which may prime parturients to develop postnatal depression. There are, however, few data on the associations between immune-inflammatory pathways and prenatal depression and physio-somatic symptoms. This study examined the associations between serum zinc, C-reactive protein (CRP), and haptoglobin at the end of term and prenatal physio-somatic symptoms (fatigue, back pain, muscle pain, dyspepsia, obstipation) and prenatal and postnatal depressive and anxiety symptoms as measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAMD), and Spielberger's State Anxiety Inventory (STAI). Zinc and haptoglobin were significantly lower and CRP increased at the end of term as compared with non-pregnant women. Prenatal depression was predicted by lower zinc and lifetime history of depression, anxiety, and premenstrual tension syndrome (PMS). The latter histories were also significantly and inversely related to lower zinc. The severity of prenatal EDPS, HAMD, BDI, STAI, and physio-somatic symptoms was predicted by fatigue in the first and second trimesters, a positive life history of depression, anxiety, and PMS, and lower zinc and higher CRP. Postnatal depressive symptoms are predicted by prenatal depression, physio-somatic symptoms, zinc and CRP. Prenatal depressive and physio-somatic symptoms have an immune-inflammatory pathophysiology, while postnatal depressive symptoms are highly predicted by prenatal immune activation, prenatal depression, and a lifetime history of depression and PMS. Previous episodes of depression, anxiety disorders, and PMS may prime pregnant females to develop prenatal and postnatal depressive symptoms via activated immune pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutima Roomruangwong
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Buranee Kanchanatawan
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunee Sirivichayakul
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Boris Mahieu
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Antwerp Hospital Network, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology PAS, Krakow, Poland.,Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Michael Maes
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand. .,Department of Psychiatry, Medical University Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria. .,Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, State University of Londrina, Londrina, Brazil. .,Revitalis Clinic, Waalre, Netherlands. .,IMPACT Strategic Research Center, Barwon Health, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia.
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33
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Maurya PK, Noto C, Rizzo LB, Rios AC, Nunes SOV, Barbosa DS, Sethi S, Zeni M, Mansur RB, Maes M, Brietzke E. The role of oxidative and nitrosative stress in accelerated aging and major depressive disorder. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2016; 65:134-44. [PMID: 26348786 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 08/29/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) affects millions of individuals and is highly comorbid with many age associated diseases such as diabetes mellitus, immune-inflammatory dysregulation and cardiovascular diseases. Oxidative/nitrosative stress plays a fundamental role in aging, as well as in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative/neuropsychiatric disorders including MDD. In this review, we critically review the evidence for an involvement of oxidative/nitrosative stress in acceleration of aging process in MDD. There are evidence of the association between MDD and changes in molecular mechanisms involved in aging. There is a significant association between telomere length, enzymatic antioxidant activities (SOD, CAT, GPx), glutathione (GSH), lipid peroxidation (MDA), nuclear factor κB, inflammatory cytokines with MDD. Major depression also is characterized by significantly lower concentration of antioxidants (zinc, coenzyme Q10, PON1). Since, aging and MDD share a common biological base in their pathophysiology, the potential therapeutic use of antioxidants and anti-aging molecules in MDD could be promising.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pawan Kumar Maurya
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, India
| | - Cristiano Noto
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas B Rizzo
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Clinic for Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Adiel C Rios
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Sandra O V Nunes
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Décio Sabbatini Barbosa
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Sumit Sethi
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maiara Zeni
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B Mansur
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit (MDPU), University Health Network (UHN), University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Michael Maes
- Graduation Program in Health Sciences, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil; Department of Psychiatry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Elisa Brietzke
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neurosciences (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Siwek M, Sowa-Kućma M, Styczeń K, Szewczyk B, Reczyński W, Misztak P, Topór-Mądry R, Nowak G, Dudek D, Rybakowski JK. Decreased serum zinc concentration during depressive episode in patients with bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2016; 190:272-277. [PMID: 26540081 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Revised: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Zinc may be involved in the pathophysiology and treatment of depressive disorder. However, data on this issue in bipolar disorder (BD) are limited. The aim of the study was to assess zinc concentrations in the blood serum of patients at various phases and stages of bipolar disorder. METHODS The study included 129 patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder type I (n=69) or type II (n=60). Fifty-eight were in a depressive episode, 23 in a manic episode and 48 in remission. Fifty healthy volunteers made a control group. Zinc concentration was measured using flame atomic absorption spectrometry. RESULTS Serum zinc level in patients diagnosed with BD type I in the depressive phase was significantly reduced as compared with mania, remission and healthy subjects. In the BD type II, serum zinc level in hypomania, depression or remission phase was not significantly different from the control group. In the whole group, lower level of zinc in depression compared to remission and control subjects was found during late stage of the illness but not in the early stage. Zinc concentration was not dependent on the severity of manic or depressive symptoms and subtype of depression but correlated positively with the number of manic/hypomanic relapses in the past year. LIMITATIONS Lack of prospective model, heterogeneity of pharmacological treatment, small number of subgroups presenting specified clinical features. CONCLUSIONS Decreased serum zinc concentration occurs in depression in BD type I and probably in depression in the late stage of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Siwek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kućma
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Styczeń
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland
| | - Witold Reczyński
- Chair of Analytical Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Krakow, Poland
| | - Paulina Misztak
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland; Chair of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Roman Topór-Mądry
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Institute of Public Health, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Laboratory of Trace Elements Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology Polish Academy of Sciences, Krakow, Poland; Chair of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Dominika Dudek
- Department of Affective Disorders, Chair of Psychiatry, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Janusz K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland.
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Doboszewska U, Szewczyk B, Sowa-Kućma M, Noworyta-Sokołowska K, Misztak P, Gołębiowska J, Młyniec K, Ostachowicz B, Krośniak M, Wojtanowska-Krośniak A, Gołembiowska K, Lankosz M, Piekoszewski W, Nowak G. Alterations of Bio-elements, Oxidative, and Inflammatory Status in the Zinc Deficiency Model in Rats. Neurotox Res 2016; 29:143-54. [PMID: 26581375 PMCID: PMC4701762 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9571-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 10/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Our previous study showed that dietary zinc restriction induces depression-like behavior with concomitant up-regulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Because metal ions, oxidative stress, and inflammation are involved in depression/NMDAR function, in the present study, bio-elements (zinc, copper, iron, magnesium, and calcium), oxidative (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances; protein carbonyl content), and inflammatory (IL-1α, IL-1β) factors were measured in serum, hippocampus (Hp), and prefrontal cortex (PFC) of male Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to a zinc-adequate (ZnA) (50 mg Zn/kg) or a zinc-deficient (ZnD) (3 mg Zn/kg) diet for 4 or 6 weeks. Both periods of dietary zinc restriction reduced serum zinc and increased serum iron levels. At 4 weeks, lowered zinc level in the PFC and Hp as well as lowered iron level in the PFC of the ZnD rats was observed. At 6 weeks, however, iron level was increased in the PFC of these rats. Although at 6 weeks zinc level in the PFC did not differ between the ZnA and ZnD rats, extracellular zinc concentration after 100 mM KCl stimulation was reduced in the PFC of the ZnD rats and was accompanied by increased extracellular iron and glutamate levels (as measured by the in vivo microdialysis). The examined oxidative and inflammatory parameters were generally enhanced in the tissue of the ZnD animals. The obtained data suggest dynamic redistribution of bio-elements and enhancement of oxidative/inflammatory parameters after dietary zinc restriction, which may have a link with depression-like behavior/NMDAR function/neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Doboszewska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kućma
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Paulina Misztak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Joanna Gołębiowska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Młyniec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Ostachowicz
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Sciences, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | - Mirosław Krośniak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Krystyna Gołembiowska
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Lankosz
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Sciences, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, 30-059, Kraków, Poland
| | | | - Gabriel Nowak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, 31-343, Kraków, Poland
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688, Kraków, Poland
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Szewczyk B, Pochwat B, Rafało A, Palucha-Poniewiera A, Domin H, Nowak G. Activation of mTOR dependent signaling pathway is a necessary mechanism of antidepressant-like activity of zinc. Neuropharmacology 2015; 99:517-26. [PMID: 26297535 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2015.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 08/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapid antidepressant response to the N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists is mediated by activation of the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway, an increase in the synthesis of synaptic proteins and formation of new synapses in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) of rats. Zinc (Zn), which is a potent NMDA receptor antagonist, exerts antidepressant-like effects in screening tests and models of depression. We focused these studies in investigating whether activation of the mTOR signaling pathway is also a necessary mechanism of the antidepressant-like activity of Zn. We observed that a single injection of Zn (5 mg/kg) induced an increase in the phosphorylation of mTOR and p70S6K 30 min and 3 h after Zn treatment at time points when Zn produced also an antidepressant-like effect in the forced swim test (FST). Furthermore, Zn administered 3 h before the decapitation increased the level of brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), GluA1 and synapsin I. An elevated level of GluA1 and synapsin I was still observed 24 h after the Zn treatment, although Zn did not produce any effects in the FST at that time point. We also observed that pretreatment with rapamycin (mTORC1 inhibitor), LY294002 (PI3K inhibitor), H-89 (PKA inhibitor) and GF109203X (PKC inhibitor) blocked the antidepressant-like effect of Zn in FST in rats and blocks Zn-induced activation of mTOR signaling proteins (analyzed 30 min after Zn administration). These studies indicated that the antidepressant-like activity of Zn depends on the activation of mTOR signaling and other signaling pathways related to neuroplasticity, which can indirectly modulate mTOR function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Bartłomiej Pochwat
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Anna Rafało
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Palucha-Poniewiera
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Helena Domin
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smetna 12, 31-343 Krakow, Poland; Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Manosso LM, Moretti M, Ribeiro CM, Gonçalves FM, Leal RB, Rodrigues ALS. Antidepressant-like effect of zinc is dependent on signaling pathways implicated in BDNF modulation. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2015; 59:59-67. [PMID: 25600102 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2015.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2014] [Revised: 12/17/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Considering that intracellular signaling pathways that modulate brain BDNF are implicated in antidepressant responses, this study investigated whether signaling pathway inhibitors upstream to BDNF might influence the antidepressant-like effect of zinc, a metal that has been shown to display antidepressant properties. To this end, the influence of i.c.v. administration of H-89 (1μg/site, PKA inhibitor), KN-62 (1μg/site, CAMKII inhibitor), chelerythrine (1μg/site, PKC inhibitor), PD98059 (5μg/site, MEK1/2 inhibitor), U0126 (5μg/site, MEK1/2 inhibitor), LY294002 (10nmol/site, PI3K inhibitor) on the reduction of immobility time in the tail suspension test (TST) elicited by ZnCl2 (10mg/kg, p.o.) was investigated. Moreover, the effect of the combination of sub-effective doses of ZnCl2 (1mg/kg, p.o.) and AR-A014418 (0.001μg/site, GSK-3β inhibitor) was evaluated. The occurrence of changes in CREB phosphorylation and BDNF immunocontent in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex of mice following ZnCl2 treatment was also investigated. The anti-immobility effect of ZnCl2 in the TST was prevented by treatment with PKA, PKC, CAMKII, MEK1/2 or PI3K inhibitors. Furthermore, ZnCl2 in combination with AR-A014418 caused a synergistic anti-immobility effect in the TST. None of the treatments altered locomotor activity of mice. ZnCl2 treatment caused no alteration in CREB phosphorylation and BDNF immunocontent. The results extend literature data regarding the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant-like action of zinc by indicating that its antidepressant-like effect may be dependent on the activation of PKA, CAMKII, PKC, ERK, and PI3K/GSK-3β pathways. However, zinc is not able to acutely increase BDNF in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana M Manosso
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Morgana Moretti
- Department of Natural Sciences, Universidade Regional de Blumenau, Blumenau 89012-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Camille M Ribeiro
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Filipe M Gonçalves
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo B Leal
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil
| | - Ana Lúcia S Rodrigues
- Department of Biochemistry, Center of Biological Sciences, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil.
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Zinc, future mono/adjunctive therapy for depression: Mechanisms of antidepressant action. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:659-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Revised: 01/18/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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39
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Młyniec K, Gaweł M, Librowski T, Reczyński W, Bystrowska B, Holst B. Investigation of the GPR39 zinc receptor following inhibition of monoaminergic neurotransmission and potentialization of glutamatergic neurotransmission. Brain Res Bull 2015; 115:23-9. [PMID: 25917396 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2015.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2014] [Revised: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Zinc can regulate neural function in the brain via the GPR39 receptor. In the present study we investigated whether inhibition of serotonin, noradrenaline and dopamine synthesis and potentialization of glutamate, via administration of p-chlorophenylalanine (pCPA), α-methyl-p-tyrosine (αMT) and N-methyl-D-aspartatic acid (NMDA), respectively, would cause changes in GPR39 levels. Western blot analysis showed GPR39 up-regulation following 3-day administration of αMT and NMDA in the frontal cortex, and GPR39 down-regulation following 10-day administration of pCPA, αMT, and NMDA in the hippocampus of CD-1 mice. There were no changes in serum zinc levels. Additionally, we investigated tryptophan, tyrosine and glutamate concentrations in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of GPR39 knockout (GPR39 KO) mice. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) showed a significant decrease in tryptophan and tyrosine, but not in glutamate concentrations in the hippocampus of GPR39 KO mice. There were no changes in the frontal cortex between GPR39 KO and wild type. These results indicate a possible role of the GPR39 receptor in monoaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, which plays an important role in the pathophysiology of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Młyniec
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Gaweł
- Department of Radioligands, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Librowski
- Department of Radioligands, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Witold Reczyński
- Faculty of Material Science and Ceramics, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, PL 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Bystrowska
- Department Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Birgitte Holst
- Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
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40
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Up-regulation of the GPR39 Zn2+-sensing receptor and CREB/BDNF/TrkB pathway after chronic but not acute antidepressant treatment in the frontal cortex of zinc-deficient mice. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:1135-40. [PMID: 26481532 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Revised: 03/12/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The GPR39-Zn(2+)-sensing receptor seems to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. GPR39 knockout animals show depressive- and anxiety-like behavior. Chronic treatment with selective antidepressants (ADs) up-regulates GPR39. OBJECTIVE AND METHODS In the present study we investigated whether acute or chronic treatment with imipramine, escitalopram, reboxetine and bupropion would cause changes in CREB, BDNF, TrkB and GPR39-Zn(2+) receptor proteins (measured by Western Blot) in the frontal cortex of mice fed with a low-zinc diet. RESULTS The administration of acute antidepressants induced diverse effects in the proteins that were examined (namely, GPR39 down-regulation and a reduction in CREB protein after administration of all ADs; a decrease in BDNF after administration of imipramine and escitalopram; an increase in BDNF after administration of reboxetine; no change in BDNF following administration of bupropion; and a decrease in TrkB following the administration of all ADs except bupropion). On the other hand, chronic treatment (which is required for depression relief) with all antidepressants increased the levels of all these proteins. CONCLUSIONS The present study for the first time demonstrates the up-regulation of GPR39 (and CREB, BDNF, and TrkB) protein when induced by chronic treatment with antidepressants (with different pharmacological profiles) in a zinc-deficiency model in mice. These data further indicate that the GPR39 receptor may be an important target in the antidepressant response.
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Doboszewska U, Szewczyk B, Sowa-Kućma M, Młyniec K, Rafało A, Ostachowicz B, Lankosz M, Nowak G. Antidepressant activity of fluoxetine in the zinc deficiency model in rats involves the NMDA receptor complex. Behav Brain Res 2015; 287:323-30. [PMID: 25845739 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.03.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 03/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The zinc deficiency animal model of depression has been proposed; however, it has not been validated in a detailed manner. We have recently shown that depression-like behavior induced by dietary zinc restriction is associated with up-regulation of hippocampal N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor (NMDAR). Here we examined the effects of chronic administration of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, fluoxetine (FLX), on behavioral and biochemical alterations (within NMDAR signaling pathway) induced by zinc deficiency. Male Sprague Dawley rats were fed a zinc adequate diet (ZnA, 50mg Zn/kg) or a zinc deficient diet (ZnD, 3mg Zn/kg) for 4 weeks. Then, FLX treatment (10mg/kg, i.p.) begun. Following 2 weeks of FLX administration the behavior of the rats was examined in the forced swim test (FST) and the spontaneous locomotor activity test. Twenty four hours later tissue was harvested. The proteins of NMDAR (GluN1, GluN2A and GluN2B) or AMPAR (GluA1) subunits, p-CREB and BDNF in the hippocampus (Western blot) and serum zinc level (TXRF) were examined. Depression-like behavior induced by ZnD in the FST was sensitive to chronic treatment with FLX. ZnD increased levels of GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B and decreased pS485-GluA1, p-CREB and BDNF proteins. Administration of FLX counteracted the zinc restriction-induced changes in serum zinc level and hippocampal GluN1, GluN2A, GluN2B and p-CREB but not BDNF or pS845-GluA1 protein levels. This finding adds new evidence to the predictive validity of the proposed zinc deficiency model of depression. Antidepressant-like activity of FLX in the zinc deficiency model is associated with NMDAR complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Urszula Doboszewska
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Bernadeta Szewczyk
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Magdalena Sowa-Kućma
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Młyniec
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Anna Rafało
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
| | - Beata Ostachowicz
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Sciences, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, PL 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Lankosz
- Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Sciences, AGH University of Science and Technology, Mickiewicza 30, PL 30-059 Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Neurobiology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland; Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Młyniec K, Gaweł M, Nowak G. Study of antidepressant drugs in GPR39 (zinc receptor⁻/⁻) knockout mice, showing no effect of conventional antidepressants, but effectiveness of NMDA antagonists. Behav Brain Res 2015; 287:135-8. [PMID: 25827929 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2015.03.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The monoamine-based antidepressants that are currently used generate many side effects, and more than 30% of depressed patients do not respond to this therapy. Glutamate-based antidepressants seem to play an important role in therapy for depression, but there is still an extensive search for safe drugs. An antagonist of the glutamatergic NMDA receptor - namely, zinc - plays a part in maintaining homeostasis between glutamate and GABA via the GPR39 receptor, which has been found to be involved in the pathophysiology of depression. In this study we investigated the behavioral response resulting from chronic or acute treatment with monoamine-based antidepressants, such as imipramine, escitalopram or reboxetine, and from glutamate-based MK-801 or ketamine, as measured by the forced swim test (FST) in GPR39 knockout (GPR39 KO, -/-) mice versus wild-type (WT, +/+) controls. All the tested agents reduced the immobility time in the FST in the wild-type animals. However, only chronic or acute administration of MK-801 and ketamine (but not monoamine-based antidepressants) were active in the FST in GPR39 KO mice. Our results show for the first time that GPR39 is required for the antidepressant effect of monoamine-based antidepressants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Młyniec
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Gaweł
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland; Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland
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GPR39 Zn(2+)-sensing receptor: a new target in antidepressant development? J Affect Disord 2015; 174:89-100. [PMID: 25490458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.11.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2014] [Revised: 11/17/2014] [Accepted: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Zinc is a trace element released from glutamatergic terminals, and modulates the pre- and postsynaptic areas, giving a diverse biological response. Zinc is a natural ligand that inhibits the N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor and regulates the excessive release of glutamate. Moreover, zinc exhibits an antidepressant-like profile, as demonstrated in both preclinical and clinical studies. Recent reports indicate that the GPR39 Zn(2+)-sensing receptor is an important target for zinc "transmission" (its activation modulates/induces diverse biochemical pathways involved in neuroprotection). Preclinical studies provide evidence that zinc deficiency leads to depressive-like behavior related to down-regulation of the GPR39 Zn(2+)-sensing receptor. Zinc binds to the GPR39 and triggers signals, leading to CRE-dependent gene transcription, resulting in increases in proteins such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), that plays a pivotal role in antidepressant action. Chronic administration of many antidepressants induces GPR39 up-regulation, which suggests that the Zn(2+)-sensing receptor may be considered as a new target for drug development in the field of depression.
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Reply to: Serum zinc and the risk of depression in men: observations from a 20-year follow-up study. Biol Psychiatry 2015; 77:e13-e14. [PMID: 25034951 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 06/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Salari S, Khomand P, Arasteh M, Yousefzamani B, Hassanzadeh K. Zinc sulphate: A reasonable choice for depression management in patients with multiple sclerosis: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. Pharmacol Rep 2015; 67:606-9. [PMID: 25933976 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2014] [Revised: 01/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is known as one of the most common psychiatric disorders in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). In recent years, zinc has been found to have beneficial effects on psychopathology and the therapy of depression. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of zinc supplement on depression and neurological signs in patients with MS. METHODS The present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was performed on 43 patients with MS and who also demonstrated MDD based on the Beck questionnaire. These patients were randomly selected and were divided into two groups: the placebo group (n=22) and the intervention group (n=21). The patients received either zinc sulphate (220 mg containing 50mg zinc element) or a placebo for 12 weeks. Clinical examinations were obtained in terms of abnormal ocular movement, muscle power, and gait disorder. RESULTS The results indicated that in the patients who received the zinc supplement, the mean score of depression was reduced compared to those in the placebo group, whereas the neurological examinations revealed that there were no differences between the treatment and control groups. CONCLUSION Therefore, the zinc supplementation is an appropriate choice for the depression management in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soheila Salari
- Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Payam Khomand
- Department of Neurology, Tohid Hospital, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Modabber Arasteh
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | | | - Kambiz Hassanzadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
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Młyniec K, Budziszewska B, Holst B, Ostachowicz B, Nowak G. GPR39 (zinc receptor) knockout mice exhibit depression-like behavior and CREB/BDNF down-regulation in the hippocampus. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2015; 18:pyu002. [PMID: 25609596 PMCID: PMC4360246 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyu002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zinc may act as a neurotransmitter in the central nervous system by activation of the GPR39 metabotropic receptors. METHODS In the present study, we investigated whether GPR39 knockout would cause depressive-like and/or anxiety-like behavior, as measured by the forced swim test, tail suspension test, and light/dark test. We also investigated whether lack of GPR39 would change levels of cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB),brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and tropomyosin related kinase B (TrkB) protein in the hippocampus and frontal cortex of GPR39 knockout mice subjected to the forced swim test, as measured by Western-blot analysis. RESULTS In this study, GPR39 knockout mice showed an increased immobility time in both the forced swim test and tail suspension test, indicating depressive-like behavior and displayed anxiety-like phenotype. GPR39 knockout mice had lower CREB and BDNF levels in the hippocampus, but not in the frontal cortex, which indicates region specificity for the impaired CREB/BDNF pathway (which is important in antidepressant response) in the absence of GPR39. There were no changes in TrkB protein in either structure. In the present study, we also investigated activity in the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis under both zinc- and GPR39-deficient conditions. Zinc-deficient mice had higher serum corticosterone levels and lower glucocorticoid receptor levels in the hippocampus and frontal cortex. CONCLUSIONS There were no changes in the GPR39 knockout mice in comparison with the wild-type control mice, which does not support a role of GPR39 in hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis regulation. The results of this study indicate the involvement of the GPR39 Zn(2+)-sensing receptor in the pathophysiology of depression with component of anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Młyniec
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland (Dr. K. Młyniec, Prof. B. Budziszewska); Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland (Profs. B. Budziszewska, G. Nowak); Department of Neuroscience and Pharmacology University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark (Prof. B. Holst); Faculty of Physics and Applied Computer Science, AGH University of Science and Technology, Kraków, Poland (Dr. B. Ostachowicz); Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, PL 30-688 Kraków, Poland (Prof. G. Nowak).
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Oxidative stress markers in affective disorders. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:1558-71. [PMID: 24553004 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71517-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Affective disorders are a medical condition with a complex biological pattern of etiology, involving genetic and epigenetic factors, along with different environmental stressors. Increasing numbers of studies indicate that induction of oxidative and nitrosative stress (O&NS) pathways, which is accompanied by immune-inflammatory response, might play an important role in the pathogenic mechanisms underlying many major psychiatric disorders, including depression and bipolar disorder. Reactive oxygen and nitrogen species have been shown to impair the brain function by modulating activity of principal neurotransmitter (e.g., glutamatergic) systems involved in the neurobiology of depression. Both preclinical and clinical studies revealed that depression is associated with altered levels of oxidative stress markers and typically reduced concentrations of several endogenous antioxidant compounds, such as glutathione, vitamin E, zinc and coenzyme Q10, or enzymes, including glutathione peroxidase, and with an impairment of the total antioxidant status. These oxidative stress parameters can be normalized by successful antidepressant therapy. On the other hand, some antioxidants (zinc, N-acetylcysteine, omega-3 free fatty acids) may exhibit antidepressant properties or enhance standard antidepressant therapy. These observations introduce new potential targets for the development of therapeutic interventions based on antioxidant compounds. The present paper reviews selected animal and human studies providing evidence that oxidative stress is implicated in the pathophysiology and treatment of depression and bipolar disorder.
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Lasoń W, Budziszewska B, Basta-Kaim A, Kubera M, Maes M. New trends in the neurobiology and pharmacology of affective disorders. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 65:1441-50. [PMID: 24552991 DOI: 10.1016/s1734-1140(13)71504-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Although depression is a common disorder that is often resistant to pharmacotherapy, its pathophysiology has remained elusive. Since the early 1950s, when the first antidepressants were introduced, i.e., the non-selective MAO inhibitors and tricyclic drugs, a number of hypotheses describing ethiopathogenesis of depression and antidepressant drug action have been formulated. The Institute of Pharmacology, the Polish Academy of Sciences has performed experimental and clinical research focused on the pathophysiology of depression and the mechanisms of action of antidepressant drugs for over 40 years. Our results from this period have significantly contributed to understanding the complex mechanisms of antidepressant drug actions and new pathways that underpin the pathophysiology of depression. Most of these theories are based on the finding that the chronic administration of antidepressants leads to adaptive changes in pre- and post-synaptic monoaminergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission as well as to alterations in gene transcription and immune-inflammatory and neurotrophic factors, resulting in neuroplastic changes in the brain. Taking into account the functional interdependence of the neuronal, hormonal and immunologic systems, we propose neurodevelopmental and neuroimmune theories for affective disorders. Moreover, commonalities have been documented for the pathomechanisms of depression and neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders as well as drug dependence. The aim of this special issue is to briefly present the major research contributions and the new research directions of the Institute of Pharmacology, the Polish Academy of Sciences with respect to the neurobiology of affective disorders and the mechanisms of action of marketed and new putative antidepressant drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Władysław Lasoń
- Department of Experimental Neuroendocrinology, Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Smętna 12, PL 31-343 Kraków, Poland.
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Młyniec K, Gaweł M, Doboszewska U, Starowicz G, Pytka K, Davies CL, Budziszewska B. Essential elements in depression and anxiety. Part II. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 67:187-94. [PMID: 25712638 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Revised: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we continue to discuss the involvement of essential elements in depression and anxiety, and the possible mechanisms that link elements to the neurobiology underlying depression/anxiety. The present paper is focused on copper, selenium, manganese, iodine and vanadium. Different aspects of relationship between elements and depression or anxiety are reviewed, e.g. the association of the amount of an element in a diet or the serum level of an element and depressive or anxiety-like symptoms. Moreover, the relation of selected elements to the pathophysiology of depression or anxiety is discussed in the context of enzymes which require these elements as co-factors and are involved in the underlying pathophysiology of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Młyniec
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Magdalena Gaweł
- Department of Radioligands, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Urszula Doboszewska
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriela Starowicz
- Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Claire Linzi Davies
- Neurobiology Division, The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Bogusława Budziszewska
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland; Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
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Młyniec K, Davies CL, de Agüero Sánchez IG, Pytka K, Budziszewska B, Nowak G. Essential elements in depression and anxiety. Part I. Pharmacol Rep 2014; 66:534-44. [PMID: 24948052 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2014.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2013] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Essential elements are very important for the proper functioning of the human body. They are required for fundamental life processes such as cell division and differentiation and protein synthesis. Thus a deficiency of these essential elements is associated with an enormous health risk that can ultimately lead to death. In recent years, studies have provided valuable information on the involvement of essential elements in psychiatric disorders, in particular depression and anxiety. There is strong evidence indicating that deficiency of essential elements can lead to the development of depressive and/or anxiogenic behaviour and supplementation can enhance therapeutic effect of antidepressants and anxiolytics. This review presents the most important results from preclinical and clinical studies showing involvement of essential elements such as zinc, magnesium, lithium, iron, calcium and chromium in depression and anxiety. From these studies it is evident that different types of depression and anxiety respond to treatment at different receptors indicating that the underlying mechanisms are slightly different. Furthermore, administration of low dose antidepressants supplemented with an element is effective and can reduce unwanted side effects in different types of depression/anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Młyniec
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland; Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland.
| | - Claire Linzi Davies
- Neurobiology Division, The Roslin Institute & Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | | | - Karolina Pytka
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
| | - Bogusława Budziszewska
- Department of Biochemical Toxicology, Jagiellonian University Collegium Medicum, Kraków, Poland; Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland
| | - Gabriel Nowak
- Institute of Pharmacology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Kraków, Poland; Department of Pharmacobiology, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Kraków, Poland
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