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Morsch P, Hommes C, Fernandes AG, Limburg H, Furtado JM, Vega E. Vision impairment and blindness in individuals aged 60 years and older in Latin America and the Caribbean. Rev Panam Salud Publica 2024; 48:e101. [PMID: 39376265 PMCID: PMC11456979 DOI: 10.26633/rpsp.2024.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 10/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective To determine the prevalence and causes of vision loss and calculate the effective cataract surgery coverage (eCSC) in adults aged 60 years and older in Latin America and the Caribbean in 2020. Methods The International Agency for the Prevention of Blindness Vision Atlas and the Rapid Assessment of Avoidable Blindness databases were used as data source. The collected data were used to estimate the prevalence and causes of vision loss in people aged 60 years and older, and to determine the eCSC. Results The overall prevalence of moderate to severe vision impairment (MSVI) and blindness in Latin America and the Caribbean were 14.14% and 2.94%, respectively. Tropical Latin America was the subregion with the highest prevalence of blindness (3.89%) while Southern Latin America had the lowest (0.96%). For both MSVI and blindness, cataract was the main cause of vision loss. The eCSC rates showed great variation, ranging from 4.0% in Guatemala to 75.2% in Suriname. Conclusions The prevalence of vision loss in adults aged 60 years and older in Latin America and the Caribbean was higher than previous estimates on younger groups. Cataract was the main cause of blindness, and the eCSC indicates that the outcomes from cataract surgery should be improved. Specific actions associated with improving access, integrating eye assessment with primary care programs, expanding the use of telemedicine, and improving data quality should be taken by public health authorities aiming to address vision loss in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Morsch
- Pan American Health OrganizationWashington, D.C.United States of AmericaPan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | - Carolina Hommes
- Pan American Health OrganizationWashington, D.C.United States of AmericaPan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
| | | | | | - João Marcello Furtado
- University of São PauloRibeirão PretoBrazilUniversity of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
| | - Enrique Vega
- Pan American Health OrganizationWashington, D.C.United States of AmericaPan American Health Organization, Washington, D.C., United States of America
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McCormick I, Tong K, Abdullah N, Abesamis-Dischoso C, Gende T, Hashim EB, Ho SM, Jalbert I, Jeronimo B, Matoto-Raikabakaba E, Ono K, Piyasena PN, Rogers JT, Szetu J, Tran MA, Tse DYY, Win Y, Yap TP, Yoon S, Yusufu M, Burton MJ, Ramke J. Strategies to address inequity of uncorrected refractive error in the Western Pacific: A modified Delphi process. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2024; 44:1148-1161. [PMID: 38881170 DOI: 10.1111/opo.13348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 05/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uncorrected refractive error is the leading cause of vision impairment globally; however, little attention has been given to equity and access to services. This study aimed to identify and prioritise: (1) strategies to address inequity of access to refractive error services and (2) population groups to target with these strategies in five sub-regions within the Western Pacific. METHODS We invited eye care professionals to complete a two-round online prioritisation process. In round 1, panellists nominated population groups least able to access refractive error services, and strategies to improve access. Responses were summarised and presented in round 2, where panellists ranked the groups (by extent of difficulty and size) and strategies (in terms of reach, acceptability, sustainability, feasibility and equity). Groups and strategies were scored according to their rank within each sub-region. RESULTS Seventy five people from 17 countries completed both rounds (55% women). Regional differences were evident. Indigenous peoples were a priority group for improving access in Australasia and Southeast Asia, while East Asia identified refugees and Oceania identified rural/remote people. Across the five sub-regions, reducing out-of-pocket costs was a commonly prioritised strategy for refraction and spectacles. Australasia prioritised improving cultural safety, East Asia prioritised strengthening school eye health programmes and Oceania and Southeast Asia prioritised outreach to rural areas. CONCLUSION These results provide policy-makers, researchers and funders with a starting point for context-specific actions to improve access to refractive error services, particularly among underserved population groups who may be left behind in existing private sector-dominated models of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian McCormick
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Kelvin Tong
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong
| | - Nurliyana Abdullah
- PAPRSB Institute of Health Sciences, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Bandar Seri Begawan, Brunei Darussalam
- Eccles Institute of Neuroscience, The John Curtin School of Medical Research, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Theresa Gende
- Divine Word University, Madang, Papua New Guinea
- The Fred Hollows Foundation New Zealand, Madang, Papua New Guinea
| | - Effendy Bin Hashim
- Department of Eye and Vision Science, Institute of Life Course and Medical Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Ministry of Health, Putrajaya, Malaysia
| | - S May Ho
- The Fred Hollows Foundation, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Isabelle Jalbert
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Belmerio Jeronimo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Guido Valadares National Hospital, Dili, Timor-Leste
| | | | - Koichi Ono
- Department of Ophthalmology, Juntendo University Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Prabhath Nishantha Piyasena
- Directorate of Policy Analysis and Development, Ministry of Health, Colombo, Sri Lanka
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Jaymie T Rogers
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - John Szetu
- The Fred Hollows Foundation New Zealand Regional Eye Centre, Honiara, Solomon Islands
| | - Minh Anh Tran
- Department of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Hanoi Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Dennis Yan-Yin Tse
- School of Optometry, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ye Win
- Sight for All, Yangon, Myanmar
| | | | - Sangchul Yoon
- Department of Medical Humanities and Social Sciences, College of Medicine, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Mayinuer Yusufu
- Department of Surgery (Ophthalmology), The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Royal Victorian Eye and Ear Hospital, East Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Matthew J Burton
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline Ramke
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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Hamm LM, Wainiqolo I, Pant N, Bhatta S, Petrie-Deely D, Silwal P, Zuvani B, Marques AP, Chabba N, Tuiloma L, Lopez V, Masilaca O, Ramke J. Research about eye health and eye health services in Pacific Island Countries and Territories: a scoping review. THE LANCET REGIONAL HEALTH. WESTERN PACIFIC 2024; 50:101152. [PMID: 39161741 PMCID: PMC11332796 DOI: 10.1016/j.lanwpc.2024.101152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/21/2024]
Abstract
Background We aimed to summarise the extent and nature of published research about eye health and eye health services in Pacific Island Countries and Territories since 1980. Methods We searched Medline, EMBASE, Global Health and Cochrane Library to identify publications about eye health and eye health services in 22 Pacific Island Countries and Territories from 1 January 1980 to 26 January 2024. Study selection and data extraction were conducted by two reviewers independently. Findings Of the 1610 publications identified, 180 were included. This research was most commonly conducted in Papua New Guinea (n = 52) or Fiji (n = 33) and focused on diabetic retinopathy (n = 29) or trachoma (n = 18), with few focused on cataract or refractive error. While eye health services research was common in the past, recent research focused on trachoma. The included research was largely undertaken and funded by people and organisations from Australia, Aotearoa New Zealand and the USA, though authors with Pacific affiliations is increasing. Interpretation Few countries have up-to-date estimates of the prevalence of vision impairment or service coverage to enable evidence-informed planning. Increased effort is required to strengthen research capability to ensure research priorities in eye health are set by Pacific Peoples. Funding The Fred Hollows Foundation New Zealand.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M. Hamm
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Iris Wainiqolo
- The Fred Hollows Foundation New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nayana Pant
- Pacific Eye Institute, Suva, Republic of Fiji
| | | | | | - Pushkar Silwal
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Benjamin Zuvani
- National Prevention of Blindness Committee, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
- The Fred Hollows Foundation New Zealand, Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea
| | - Ana Patricia Marques
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
| | - Nimisha Chabba
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- The Fred Hollows Foundation New Zealand, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Laite Tuiloma
- Eye Department, Ebeye Hospital, Kwajalein Atoll, Republic of the Marshall Islands
| | | | | | - Jacqueline Ramke
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, University of Auckland, New Zealand
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, United Kingdom
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Founti P, Stuart K, Nolan WP, Khawaja AP, Foster PJ. Screening Strategies and Methodologies. J Glaucoma 2024; 33:S15-S20. [PMID: 39149948 DOI: 10.1097/ijg.0000000000002426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
PRCIS While glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, it presents technical challenges in the design and implementation of screening. New technologies such as PRS and AI offer potential improvements in our ability to identify people at high risk of sight loss from glaucoma and may improve the viability of screening for this important disease. PURPOSE To review the current evidence and concepts around screening for glaucoma. METHODS/RESULTS A group of glaucoma-focused clinician scientists drew on knowledge and experience around glaucoma, its etiology, and the options for screening. Glaucoma is a chronic progressive optic neuropathy affecting around 76 million individuals worldwide and is the leading cause of irreversible blindness globally. Early stages of the disease are asymptomatic meaning a substantial proportion of cases remain undiagnosed. Early detection and timely intervention reduce the risk of glaucoma-related visual morbidity. However, imperfect tests and a relatively low prevalence currently limit the viability of population-based screening approaches. The diagnostic yield of opportunistic screening strategies, relying on the identification of disease during unrelated health care encounters, such as cataract clinics and diabetic retinopathy screening programs, focusing on older people and/or those with a family history, are hindered by a large number of false-positive and false-negative results. Polygenic risk scores (PRS) offer personalized risk assessment for adult-onset glaucoma. In addition, artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have shown impressive performance, comparable to expert humans, in discriminating between potentially glaucomatous and non-glaucomatous eyes. These emerging technologies may offer a meaningful improvement in diagnostic yield in glaucoma screening. CONCLUSIONS While glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible vision loss, it presents technical challenges in the design and implementation of screening. New technologies such as PRS and AI offer potential improvements in our ability to identify people at high risk of sight loss from glaucoma and may improve the viability of screening for this important disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kelsey Stuart
- Ocular Informatics Group, Population and Data Sciences Research Theme, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology
| | - Winifred P Nolan
- Glaucoma Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Anthony P Khawaja
- Glaucoma Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
- Ocular Informatics Group, Population and Data Sciences Research Theme, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology
| | - Paul J Foster
- Glaucoma Service, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust
- Ocular Informatics Group, Population and Data Sciences Research Theme, University College London Institute of Ophthalmology
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology
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Braithwaite T, Bailey H, Bartholomew D, Maharaj V, Fraser A, Deomansingh F, Ramsewak SS, Tripathi V, Sharma S, Singh D, Ramsewak SS, Bourne RRA, Gray A. The societal economic impact of vision impairment in adults 40 years and above: findings from the National Eye Survey of Trinidad and Tobago. Eye (Lond) 2024; 38:2124-2133. [PMID: 38066111 PMCID: PMC11269728 DOI: 10.1038/s41433-023-02860-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding and mitigating the societal economic impact of vision impairment (VI) is important for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals. AIM To estimate the prevalent societal economic impact of presenting VI in Trinidad and Tobago using bottom-up cost and utilisation data from the 2014 National Eye Survey of Trinidad and Tobago. METHODS We took a societal perspective to combine comprehensive, individual-level cost and utilisation data, with population-based prevalence estimates for VI, and additional data from a contemporaneous national eyecare system survey. We included direct (medical and non-medical) and indirect (productivity loss) costs, and intangible losses in total cost estimates, presented in 2014 Trinidad & Tobago (TT) dollars and UK sterling equivalent. We considered but excluded transfer payments and dead weight losses. Sensitivity analyses explored impact on total cost of parameter uncertainty and assumptions. RESULTS Individual utilisation and cost data were available for 65.5% (n = 2792/4263) and 59.0% (n = 2516/4263) eligible participants aged ≥40 years, respectively. Participant mean age was 58.4(SD 11.8, range 40-103) years, 56.3% were female. We estimated total societal cost of VI in 2014 at UK£365,650,241 (TT$3,842,324,655), equivalent to £675 per capita (population ≥40 years). Loss of wellbeing accounted for 73.3%. Excluding this, the economic cost was UK£97,547,222 (TT$1,025,045,399), of which indirect costs accounted for 70.5%, followed by direct medical costs (17.9%), and direct non-medical costs (11.6%). CONCLUSION This study provides a comprehensive estimate of the economic impact of vision loss in a Caribbean country, and highlights the extent to which affected individuals and their families bear the societal economic cost of vision impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Braithwaite
- School of Life Course and Population Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
- The Medical Eye Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - H Bailey
- Department of Economics, The University of The West Indies, St. Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - D Bartholomew
- Ophthalmology Department, Port of Spain General Hospital, Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - V Maharaj
- Richmond University Medical Center, Staten Island, NY, USA
- Department of Optometry, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - A Fraser
- Department of Optometry, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - F Deomansingh
- Department of Optometry, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
- Today's Optical Ltd, Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - S S Ramsewak
- The Medical Eye Unit, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - V Tripathi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - S Sharma
- Department of Optometry, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine Campus, Trinidad and Tobago
- Standard Trust Capital Partners Ltd, St Augustine, Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - D Singh
- Caribbean Eye Institute, Valsayn, Trinidad, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - S S Ramsewak
- Faculty of Medical Science, The University of the West Indies, St Augustine, Trinidad and Tobago
| | - R R A Bourne
- The Vision and Eye Research Institute, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, UK
- Ophthalmology Department, Addenbrooke's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - A Gray
- Health Economics Research Centre, Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, New Richards Building, Old Road Campus, Headington, Oxford, UK
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Marmamula S, Saha R, Khanna RC. Effective Cataract Surgical Coverage in Four Large Districts in Telangana, India - Results from Rapid Assessment of Visual Impairment Study. Ophthalmic Epidemiol 2024:1-7. [PMID: 38569085 DOI: 10.1080/09286586.2024.2336498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To report cataract surgical coverage (CSC) and effective Cataract Surgical Coverage (eCSC) from four districts in Telangana, India. METHODS Individuals aged ≥40 years were recruited from Adilabad, Mahbubnagar, Warangal and Khammam districts using two stage cluster sampling methodology. All participants had detailed eye examinations including visual acuity assessment using a standard Snellen chart at a distance of six meters, anterior segment examination and fundus imaging by trained professionals. CSC and eCSC were calculated for persons using a 6/12 visual acuity cut-off. RESULTS Of 12,150 individuals enumerated from four districts 11,238 (92.5%) were examined. The mean (standard deviation) age of the participants was 54.1 (±11.2) years (range: 40 to 102 years) and 54.6% (n = 6137) were women. Overall, the CSC (%) was 54.2%. It ranged from a highest of 59% in Khammam followed by 57.5% in Adilabad, 51.7% in Warangal, and a least of 49.7% in Mahbubnagar district. Overall, the eCSC (%) was 39.9%. It ranged from a highest of 46.1% in Adilabad followed by 43.2% in Khammam, 36.2% in Warangal district and a least of 35.8% in the Mahbubnagar district. CONCLUSIONS CSC and eCSC varied across the districts. A significant gap between CSC and eCSC is noted suggestive of challenges with quality of services. District-wise planning of cataract surgical services with a focus on quality care is recommended to improve coverage and contribute towards achieving the goal of universal eye health coverage in the Telangana State in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srinivas Marmamula
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Wellcome Trust/Department of Biotechnology India Alliance, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Ranindita Saha
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- Brien Holden Institute of Optometry and Vision Science, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rohit C Khanna
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye care, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Muma S, Naidoo KS, Hansraj R. Estimation of the lost productivity to the GDP and the national cost of correcting visual impairment from refractive error in Kenya. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300799. [PMID: 38527046 PMCID: PMC10962815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In developing countries such as Kenya, minimal attention has been directed towards population based studies on uncorrected refractive error (URE). However, the absence of population based studies, warrants utilization of other avenues to showcase to the stakeholders in eye health the worth of addressing URE. Hence this study estimated the lost productivity to the Gross Domestic Product (GDP) as a result of URE and the national cost required to address visual impairment from URE in Kenya. METHODS The lost productivity to the GDP for the population aged 16-60 years was calculated. Thereafter the productivity loss of the caregivers of severe visual impaired individuals was computed as a product of the average annual productivity for each caregiver and a 5% productivity loss due to visual impairment. The productivity benefit of correcting refractive error was estimated based on the minimum wage for individuals aged between 16-60 years with URE. Estimation of the national cost of addressing URE was based on spectacle provision cost, cost of training functional clinical refractionists and the cost of establishing vision centres. A cost benefit analysis was undertaken based on the national cost estimates and a factor of 3.5 times. RESULTS The estimated lost productivity to the GDP due to URE in in Kenya is approximately US$ 671,455,575 -US$ 1,044,486,450 annually for population aged between 16-60 years. The productivity loss of caregivers for the severe visually impaired is approximately US$ 13,882,899 annually. Approximately US$ 246,750,000 is required to provide corrective devices, US$ 413,280- US$ 108,262,300 to train clinical refractionists and US$ 39,800,000 to establish vision centres. The productivity benefit of correcting visual impairment is approximately US$ 41,126,400 annually. Finally, a cost benefit analysis showed a return of US$ 378,918,050 for human resources, US$ 863,625,000 for corrective devices and US$ 139,300,000 for establishment of vision centres. CONCLUSION The magnitude of productivity loss due to URE in Kenya is significant warranting prioritization of refractive error services by the government and all stakeholders since any investment directed towards addressing URE has the potential to contribute a positive return.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadrack Muma
- Department of Optometry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
| | - Kovin Shunmugam Naidoo
- Department of Optometry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
- OneSight EssilorLuxottica Foundation, Paris, France
| | - Rekha Hansraj
- Department of Optometry, College of Health Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa
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Philippin H, Morny EKA, Heinrich SP, Töws I, Maier PC, Guthoff RF, Qureshi BM, Reinhard T, Burton MJ, Finger RP. [Global ophthalmology : Update]. DIE OPHTHALMOLOGIE 2024; 121:157-170. [PMID: 38300260 DOI: 10.1007/s00347-023-01983-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024]
Abstract
The aim of global ophthalmology is to maximize vision, ocular health and functional ability, thereby contributing to overall health and well-being, social inclusion and quality of life of every individual worldwide. Currently, an estimated 1.1 billion people live with visual impairment, 90% of which can be prevented or cured through largely cost-effective interventions. At the same time, 90% of people affected live in regions with insufficient eye health coverage. This challenge drove the World Health Organization (WHO) and a group of nongovernmental organizations to launch "VISION 2020: the Right to Sight", a global campaign which recently concluded after 20 years. The achievements, challenges and lessons learned were identified and incorporated into the current campaign "2030 IN SIGHT".
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Philippin
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg i. Brsg., Deutschland.
- International Centre for Eye Health, Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, WC1E 7HTUK, London, Vereinigtes Königreich.
- CBM Christoffel-Blindenmission Christian Blind Mission, Bensheim, Deutschland.
| | - Enyam K A Morny
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg i. Brsg., Deutschland
- Department of Optometry and Vision Science, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Cape Coast, Cape Coast, Ghana
| | - Sven P Heinrich
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg i. Brsg., Deutschland
| | - Ingrid Töws
- Institut für Evidenz in der Medizin, Universitätsklinikum und Medizinische Fakultät, Universität Freiburg, Freiburg i. Brsg., Deutschland
| | - Philip C Maier
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg i. Brsg., Deutschland
| | - Rudolf F Guthoff
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Augenheilkunde, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Deutschland
| | - Babar M Qureshi
- CBM Christoffel-Blindenmission Christian Blind Mission, Cambridge, Vereinigtes Königreich
| | - Thomas Reinhard
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg i. Brsg., Deutschland
| | - Matthew J Burton
- Klinik für Augenheilkunde, Universitätsklinikum Freiburg, Medizinische Fakultät, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Killianstr. 5, 79106, Freiburg i. Brsg., Deutschland
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, Vereinigtes Königreich
| | - Robert P Finger
- Augenklinik, Universitätsklinikum Mannheim, Universität Heidelberg, Mannheim, Deutschland
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9
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Spadafora L, Comandini GL, Giordano S, Polimeni A, Perone F, Sabouret P, Leonetti M, Cacciatore S, Cacia M, Betti M, Bernardi M, Zimatore FR, Russo F, Iervolino A, Aulino G, Moscardelli A. Blockchain technology in Cardiovascular Medicine: a glance to the future? Results from a social media survey and future perspectives. Minerva Cardiol Angiol 2024; 72:1-10. [PMID: 37971710 DOI: 10.23736/s2724-5683.23.06457-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The leverage of digital facilities in medicine for disease diagnosis, monitoring, and medical history recording has become increasingly pivotal. However, the advancement of these technologies poses a significant challenge regarding data privacy, given the highly sensitive nature of medical information. In this context, the application of Blockchain technology, a digital system where information is stored in blocks and each block is linked to the one before, has the potential to enhance existing technologies through its exceptional security and transparency. This paradigm is of particular importance in cardiovascular medicine, where the prevalence of chronic conditions leads to the need for secure remote monitoring, secure data storage and secure medical history updating. Indeed, digital support for chronic cardiovascular pathologies is getting more and more crucial. This paper lays its rationale in three primary aims: 1) to scrutinize the existing literature for tangible applications of blockchain technology in the field of cardiology; 2) to report results from a survey aimed at gauging the reception of blockchain technology within the cardiovascular community, conducted on social media; 3) to conceptualize a web application tailored specifically to cardiovascular care based on blockchain technology. We believe that Blockchain technology may contribute to a breakthrough in healthcare digitalization, especially in the field of cardiology; in this context, we hope that the present work may be inspiring for physicians and healthcare stakeholders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Spadafora
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy -
| | - Gian L Comandini
- Department of Engineering, Guglielmo Marconi University, Rome, Italy
- Department of Economics and Law, University of Macerata, Macerata, Italy
| | - Salvatore Giordano
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Alberto Polimeni
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Cosenza, Italy
| | - Francesco Perone
- Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, Villa delle Magnolie Rehabilitation Clinic, Castel Morrone, Caserta, Italy
| | - Pierre Sabouret
- Heart Institute and Action Group, Pitié-Salpétrière, Sorbonne University, Paris, France
- National College of French Cardiologists, Paris, France
| | | | - Stefano Cacciatore
- Department of Geriatrics, Orthopedics and Rheumatology, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Michele Cacia
- Cardiology Unit, A.O.U. Renato Dulbecco, Catanzaro, Italy
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Matteo Betti
- Cardiovascular Section, Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Bernardi
- Department of Clinical, Internal Medicine, Anesthesiology and Cardiovascular Sciences, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | | | - Adelaide Iervolino
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, Federico II University Hospital, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni Aulino
- Section of Legal Medicine, Department of Health Surveillance and Bioethics, IRCCS A. Gemelli University Polyclinic Foundation, Sacred Heart Catholic University, Rome, Italy
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10
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Lam L, Bradbrook D, Gale J. Tracing the barriers to decarbonising ophthalmology: A review. Clin Exp Ophthalmol 2024; 52:78-90. [PMID: 38213078 DOI: 10.1111/ceo.14349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
As climate change demands increasingly urgent mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions, the health sector needs to do its part to decarbonise. Ophthalmologists share concerns about climate change and seek opportunities to reduce their environmental impact. When measuring the footprint of ophthalmology, major contributions are from patient travel to clinics, and from the large amounts of single-use disposable materials that are consumed during surgeries and sterile procedures. Ophthalmic services in India have already demonstrated systems that consume far fewer of these products through efficient throughput of patients and the safe reuse of many items, while maintaining equivalent safety and quality outcomes. Choosing these low-cost low-emission options would seem obvious, but many ophthalmologists experience barriers that prevent them operating as Indian surgeons do. Understanding these barriers to change is a crucial step in the decarbonisation of ophthalmology and the health sector more broadly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Lam
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Darren Bradbrook
- Surgery and Perioperative Medicine Division, Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
- Southern Adelaide Local Health Network (SALHN), Bedford Park, South Australia, Australia
| | - Jesse Gale
- Department of Surgery & Anaesthesia, University of Otago Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
- Ophthalmology, Te Whatu Ora Health New Zealand Capital Coast & Hutt Valley, Wellington, New Zealand
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11
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Lee L, Moo E, Angelopoulos T, Dodson S, Yashadhana A. Integrating eye care in low-income and middle-income settings: a scoping review. BMJ Open 2023; 13:e068348. [PMID: 37236663 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-068348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Integrated people-centred eye care has been recommended as a strategic framework for reducing global vision impairment and blindness. The extent to which eye care has integrated with other services has not been widely reported. We aimed to investigate approaches to integrating eye care service delivery with other systems in low resource settings, and identify factors associated with integration. DESIGN Rapid scoping review based on Cochrane Rapid Review and Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. DATA SOURCES MEDLINE, Embase, Web of Science, Scopus and Cochrane Library databases were searched in September 2021. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA Papers with interventions involving eye care or preventative eye care integrated into other health systems, peer-reviewed in English, conducted in low-income or middle-income countries, and published between January 2011 and September 2021 were included. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two independent reviewers screened, quality appraised and coded included papers. A deductive-inductive iterative analysis approach was used with a focus on integrating service delivery. RESULTS The search identified 3889 potential papers, of which 24 were included. Twenty papers incorporated more than one intervention type (promotion, prevention and/or treatment), but none included rehabilitation. Most articles involved human resources development yet rarely appeared to be people-centred. The level of integration was associated with building relationships and enhancing service coordination. Integrating human resources was challenged by the need for ongoing support and worker retention. In primary care settings, workers were often already at full capacity, had competing priorities, varying capabilities and limited motivation. Additional barriers included inadequate referral and information systems, poor supply chain management and procurement practices and finite financing. CONCLUSION Integrating eye care into low resource health systems is a challenging task, compounded by resource limitations, competing priorities and ongoing support needs. This review highlighted a need for people-centred approaches to future interventions, and further investigation into integrating vision rehabilitation services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Lee
- International Programs Division, The Fred Hollows Foundation Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Elise Moo
- International Programs Division, The Fred Hollows Foundation Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tiffany Angelopoulos
- International Programs Division, The Fred Hollows Foundation Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarity Dodson
- International Programs Division, The Fred Hollows Foundation Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Aryati Yashadhana
- International Programs Division, The Fred Hollows Foundation Melbourne, Carlton, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Primary Health Care and Equity, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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12
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Black JM, Collins AV, Ramke J, Phillips G, Giurgiu A, Morar V, Watene R, Dakin SC. Vision Bus Aotearoa: a platform for strengthening eye health teaching, research and community partnership. Clin Exp Optom 2023; 106:165-170. [PMID: 36403253 DOI: 10.1080/08164622.2022.2146483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
CLINICAL RELEVANCE Vision Bus Aotearoa is a fully equipped mobile eye health clinic designed to provide a novel platform for undergraduate optometry clinical training, community eye health research and deliver services to underserved communities. BACKGROUND Aotearoa New Zealand has inequitable access to eye health care. Vision Bus Aotearoa aims to work in partnership with communities to provide comprehensive mobile primary eye health care services while training optometry students, and integrating community eye health research. METHODS A description is provided of the governance model which has been involved throughout the project. RESULTS The process of vehicle manufacture, clinical set-up, funding models and service delivery are described. The aims of the project are detailed in terms of optometry teaching, clinical services in partnership with communities, and research integration and implementation. CONCLUSION Vision Bus Aotearoa represents a valuable opportunity to deliver mobile eye health care to historically underserved communities, enhance undergraduate optometry teaching and to provide a unique platform for community eye health research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna M Black
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Andrew V Collins
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jacqueline Ramke
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Geraint Phillips
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Adina Giurgiu
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Veeran Morar
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Renata Watene
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Steven C Dakin
- School of Optometry & Vision Science, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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13
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Cicinelli MV, Buchan JC, Nicholson M, Varadaraj V, Khanna RC. Cataracts. Lancet 2023; 401:377-389. [PMID: 36565712 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(22)01839-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 60.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
94 million people are blind or visually impaired globally, and cataract is the most common cause of blindness worldwide. However, most cases of blindness are avoidable. Cataract is associated with decreased quality of life and reduced life expectancy. Most cases of cataract occur after birth and share ageing and oxidative stress as primary causes, although several non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors can accelerate cataract formation. In most patients, phacoemulsification with intraocular lens implantation is the preferred treatment and is highly cost-effective. There has been an increase in the use of comprehensive cataract surgical services, including diagnoses, treatment referrals, and rehabilitation. However, global inequity in surgical service quality is still a limitation. Implementation of preoperative risk assessment, risk reduction strategies, and new surgical technologies have made cataract surgery possible at an earlier stage of cataract severity with the expectation of good refractive outcomes. The main challenge is making the service that is currently available to some patients accessible to all by use of universal health coverage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Vittoria Cicinelli
- School of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Department of Ophthalmology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - John C Buchan
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Maneck Nicholson
- Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Rohit C Khanna
- Allen Foster Community Eye Health Research Centre, Gullapalli Pratibha Rao International Centre for Advancement of Rural Eye Care, Hyderabad, India; Brien Holden Eye Research Centre, L V Prasad Eye Institute, Hyderabad, India; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY, USA.
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14
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Effective refractive error coverage in adults aged 50 years and older: estimates from population-based surveys in 61 countries. Lancet Glob Health 2022; 10:e1754-e1763. [PMID: 36240807 DOI: 10.1016/s2214-109x(22)00433-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2021, WHO Member States endorsed a global target of a 40-percentage-point increase in effective refractive error coverage (eREC; with a 6/12 visual acuity threshold) by 2030. This study models global and regional estimates of eREC as a baseline for the WHO initiative. METHODS The Vision Loss Expert Group analysed data from 565 448 participants of 169 population-based eye surveys conducted since 2000 to calculate eREC (met need/[met need + undermet need + unmet need]). A binary logistic regression model was used to estimate eREC by Global Burden of Disease (GBD) Study super region among adults aged 50 years and older. FINDINGS In 2021, distance eREC was 79·1% (95% CI 72·4-85·0) in the high-income super region; 62·1% (54·7-68·8) in north Africa and Middle East; 49·5% (45·0-54·0) in central Europe, eastern Europe, and central Asia; 40·0% (31·7-48·2) in southeast Asia, east Asia, and Oceania; 34·5% (29·4-40·0) in Latin America and the Caribbean; 9·0% (6·5-12·0) in south Asia; and 5·7% (3·1-9·0) in sub-Saharan Africa. eREC was higher in men and reduced with increasing age. Global distance eREC increased from 2000 to 2021 by 19·0%. Global near vision eREC for 2021 was 20·5% (95% CI 17·8-24·4). INTERPRETATION Over the past 20 years, distance eREC has increased in each super region yet the WHO target will require substantial improvements in quantity and quality of refractive services in particular for near vision impairment. FUNDING WHO, Sightsavers, The Fred Hollows Foundation, Fondation Thea, Brien Holden Vision Institute, Lions Clubs International Foundation.
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15
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Ehrlich JR, Agarwal A, Young C, Lee J, Bloom DE. The prevalence of vision impairment and blindness among older adults in India: findings from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India. NATURE AGING 2022; 2:1000-1007. [PMID: 37118083 PMCID: PMC10148950 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-022-00298-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Vision impairment and blindness are strongly associated with aging and late-life disability. While home to about 17% of the world's population, an estimated 25% of visually impaired people globally live in India. This proportion is expected to increase as India's population rapidly ages and continues to grow. There is a need for up-to-date epidemiologic data on the prevalence of vision impairment and blindness in India and on the socioeconomic determinants of poor vision, especially among older adults, to promote visual and overall health and well-being in later life. This paper uses newly available data from Wave 1 (2017-2019) of the population-based Longitudinal Ageing Study in India to estimate the overall and sex-specific prevalence of presenting visual acuity impairment and blindness among individuals aged 45 and older at the national level and for all constituent states and union territories. Overall, 33.8% (95% confidence interval: 33.31%, 34.26%) of the Indian population aged 45 and older had distance visual acuity impairment or was blind (visual acuity in the better-seeing eye < 20/40). The age-standardized prevalence varied considerably among states (22.3-54.6%), and women were more likely than men to be visually impaired or blind in all states. Near visual acuity impairment was also highly prevalent (43.0%, 95% confidence interval: 42.45%, 43.46%). Vision impairment and blindness were more common among marginalized groups and were associated with lower socioeconomic status. Findings from this study are relevant for surveillance of vision health, design of targeted eye care policies and programs and efforts to promote human and economic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua R Ehrlich
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Arunika Agarwal
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Codi Young
- Center for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jinkook Lee
- Center for Economic & Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Department of Economics, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David E Bloom
- Department of Global Health and Population, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
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16
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Sagemüller F, Bruns S, Mußhoff O. The effect of poor vision on economic farm performance: Evidence from rural Cambodia. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0274048. [PMID: 36083987 PMCID: PMC9462746 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0274048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Roughly one-fifth of the global population is affected by poor visual acuity. Despite the fact that inhabitants of rural areas in low-income countries are most distressed by this, no prior research has studied the impact of poor visual acuity on the economic performance of farms. We conduct a standardized eye test with 288 farm managers in rural Cambodia and find that around 30 percent of our sample suffers from poor visual acuity in terms of nearsightedness (myopia). Our analyses indicate a statistically significant and economically meaningful association of poor visual acuity with economic farm performance. Our results show that gross margins for cropping activities per year could be, on average, around 630 USD higher if farm managers were able to correct for poor vision. Our results suggest that poor visual acuity impairs farm managers from tapping the full potential of their business, which in turn decreases their chance to break the vicious cycle of poverty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frederik Sagemüller
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Selina Bruns
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Mußhoff
- Department of Agricultural Economics and Rural Development, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
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17
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Students’ Learning on Sustainable Development Goals through Interactive Lectures and Fieldwork in Rural Communities: Grounded Theory Approach. SUSTAINABILITY 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/su14148678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sustainable social-resource-based community management and sustainable development goals (SDGs) are crucial for community sustainability and sustainable development, respectively, and SDG education is vital to motivate people to continue SDG-appropriate activities. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the SDG education of Rural Japanese University students using the grounded theory approach and investigate how their ideas about future work subsequently change. This study analyzes the learning and attitude changes in students enrolled in an elective SDG course and establishes the learning theory behind SDG education in rural universities. In this approach, student SDG education consists of three themes and eleven concepts. Through SDG education based on interactive lectures and rural fieldwork, participants reconsider community and society concepts in an SDG-minded framework. Based on this new perspective, participants begin considering community sustainability by gaining new insight from a first-person standpoint. Participants acquire SDG-minded working competencies, such as collaborative advancement, respect for inclusive societies, community revitalization from different perspectives, and mindset reconstruction. SDG educational processes were conducted in rural communities through university student SDG education, which deepened their understanding of community sustainability. Thus, SDG education should employ real practitioners to university curricula and deal with cultural and traditional diversity via effective collaboration.
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18
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Lazuka-Nicoulaud E, Naidoo K, Gross K, Marcano Williams J, Kirsten-Coleman A. The Power of Advocacy: Advancing Vision for Everyone to Meet the Sustainable Development Goals. Int J Public Health 2022; 67:1604595. [PMID: 35872704 PMCID: PMC9296777 DOI: 10.3389/ijph.2022.1604595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Advocacy is instrumental to achieving significant policy change for vision. Global advocacy efforts over the past decades enabled recognition of vision as a major public health, human rights, and development issue. The United Nations General Assembly adopted its first-ever Resolution on vision: “Vision for Everyone—Accelerating Action to Achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)” on 23 July 2021. The Resolution sets the target and commits the international community to improve vision for the 1.1 billion people living with preventable vision impairment by 2030. To fulfill their commitments, governments and international institutions must act now. Advocacy remains instrumental to mobilize funding and empower governments and stakeholders to include eye health in their implementation agenda. In this paper, we discuss the pivotal role advocacy plays in advancing vision for everyone now and in the post-COVID-19 era. We explore the link between improved eye health and the advancement of SDGs and define the framework and key pillars of advocacy to scaling-up success by 2030.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kovin Naidoo
- OneSight EssilorLuxottica Foundation, Durban, South Africa
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19
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Buchan JC, Thiel CL, Steyn A, Somner J, Venkatesh R, Burton MJ, Ramke J. Addressing the environmental sustainability of eye health-care delivery: a scoping review. Lancet Planet Health 2022; 6:e524-e534. [PMID: 35709809 DOI: 10.1016/s2542-5196(22)00074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The demand for eye care-the most common medical speciality in some countries-is increasing globally due to both demographic change and the development of eye health-care services in low-income and middle-income countries. This expansion of service provision needs to be environmentally sustainable. We conducted a scoping review to establish the nature and extent of the literature describing the environmental costs of delivering eye-care services, identify interventions to diminish the environmental impact of eye care, and identify key sustainability themes that are not yet being addressed. We identified 16 peer-reviewed articles for analysis, all published since 2009. Despite a paucity of research evidence, there is a need for the measurement of environmental impacts associated with eye care to be standardised along with the methodological tools to assess these impacts. The vastly different environmental costs of delivering clinical services with similar clinical outcomes in different regulatory settings is striking; in one example, a phacoemulsification cataract extraction in a UK hospital produced more than 20 times the greenhouse gas emission of the same procedure in an Indian hospital. The environmental costs must be systematically included when evaluating the risks and benefits of new interventions or policies aimed at promoting safety in high-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Buchan
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
| | - Cassandra L Thiel
- NYU Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Population Health, NYU Langone Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Annalien Steyn
- Department of Opthalmology, Groote Schuur Hospital, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - John Somner
- Department of Opthalmology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Matthew J Burton
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre for Ophthalmology at Moorfields Eye Hospital NHS Foundation Trust and UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
| | - Jacqueline Ramke
- International Centre for Eye Health, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK; School of Optometry and Vision Science, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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