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Bonder BSA, Teixeira FA, Porsani MYH, Gonçales LA, Nagashima JK, de-Oliveira CM, Balieiro JCC, Pfrimer K, Massoco CDO, Fantoni DT, Pontieri CFF, Brunetto MA. Evaluation of an onco-diet on body composition and inflammatory status of dogs with mammary tumor-Pilot study. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287797. [PMID: 37410738 PMCID: PMC10325094 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023] Open
Abstract
A high-protein hypercaloric diet enriched with glutamine and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids was called an onco-diet. The goal was to verify the modulation of the inflammatory response and body composition of female dogs with mammary tumor after mastectomy, during onco-diet consumption, using a randomized, double-blinded, clinical trial. Six bitches (average age of 8.6 years) were allocated into Control Group-diet without glutamine, EPA and DHA supplementation; and six bitches (10.0 years) were allocated into Test-diet enriched with glutamine and omega-3. Serum measurements of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-10, IGF-1, C-reactive protein and determination of body composition were performed at pre- and post-surgical times. Statistical tests were used to compare the nutrient intake and dietary effects on inflammatory variables between the diets. No differences in concentrations of different cytokines (p>0.05) and C-reactive protein (CRP) (p = 0.51) were observed between the groups. The test group had a higher concentration of IGF-1 (p<0.05), higher percentage of muscle mass (p<0.01) and lower body fat (p<0.01), but the difference was present from initial and throughout the study. Onco-diet, enriched with glutamine and omega-3, in the amounts evaluated in this study, was not sufficient to modulate the inflammation and body composition of female dogs with mammary tumors submitted to unilateral mastectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brana S. A. Bonder
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabio A. Teixeira
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mariana Y. H. Porsani
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Lucas A. Gonçales
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio K. Nagashima
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Clair M. de-Oliveira
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Julio C. C. Balieiro
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Karina Pfrimer
- Ribeirao Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Cristina de O. Massoco
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Denise T. Fantoni
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcio Antonio Brunetto
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, São Paulo/Pirassununga, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vecchiato CG, Golinelli S, Pinna C, Pilla R, Suchodolski JS, Tvarijonaviciute A, Rubio CP, Dorato E, Delsante C, Stefanelli C, Pagani E, Fracassi F, Biagi G. Fecal microbiota and inflammatory and antioxidant status of obese and lean dogs, and the effect of caloric restriction. Front Microbiol 2023; 13:1050474. [PMID: 36713218 PMCID: PMC9878458 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1050474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Obesity is the most common nutritional disease in dogs, and is generally managed by caloric restriction. Gut microbiota alteration could represent a predisposing factor for obesity development, which has been associated with a low-grade inflammatory condition and an impaired antioxidant status. Besides, weight loss has been shown to influence the gut microbiota composition and reduce the inflammatory response and oxidative stress. Method However, these insights in canine obesity have not been fully elucidated. The aim of this study was to assess the differences in serum and inflammatory parameters, antioxidant status, fecal microbiota and bacterial metabolites in 16 obese and 15 lean client-owned dogs and how these parameters in obese may be influenced by caloric restriction. First, for 30 days, all dogs received a high-protein, high-fiber diet in amounts to maintain their body weight; later, obese dogs were fed for 180 days the same diet in restricted amounts to promote weight loss. Results Before the introduction of the experimental diet (T0), small differences in fecal microbial populations were detected between obese and lean dogs, but bacterial diversity and main bacterial metabolites did not differ. The fecal Dysbiosis Index (DI) was within the reference range (< 0) in most of dogs of both groups. Compared to lean dogs, obese dogs showed higher serum concentrations of acute-phase proteins, total thyroxine (TT4), and antioxidant capacity. Compared to T0, dietary treatment affected the fecal microbiota of obese dogs, decreasing the abundance of Firmicutes and increasing Bacteroides spp. However, these changes did not significantly affect the DI. The caloric restriction failed to exert significative changes on a large scale on bacterial populations. Consequently, the DI, bacterial diversity indices and metabolites were unaffected in obese dogs. Caloric restriction was not associated with a reduction of inflammatory markers or an improvement of the antioxidant status, while an increase of TT4 has been observed. Discussion In summary, the present results underline that canine obesity is associated with chronic inflammation. This study highlights that changes on fecal microbiota of obese dogs induced by the characteristics of the diet should be differentiated from those that are the consequence of the reduced energy intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Giuditta Vecchiato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy,*Correspondence: Carla Giuditta Vecchiato, ✉
| | - Stefania Golinelli
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Carlo Pinna
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Rachel Pilla
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jan S. Suchodolski
- Gastrointestinal Laboratory, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Asta Tvarijonaviciute
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Analysis, Interlab-UMU, Regional Campus of International Excellence 'Campus Mare Nostrum', University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Camila Peres Rubio
- Department of Animal and Food Science, School of Veterinary Science, Autonomous University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elisa Dorato
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Costanza Delsante
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Claudio Stefanelli
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Qualità della Vita, University of Bologna, Rimini, Italy
| | - Elena Pagani
- Monge & C. S.p.A., Monasterolo di Savigliano, Italy
| | - Federico Fracassi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Giacomo Biagi
- Department of Veterinary Medical Sciences, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Giusti L, Bianchini V, Aggio A, Mammarella S, Salza A, Necozione S, Alunno A, Ferri C, Casacchia M, Roncone R. Twelve-month outcomes in overweight/obese users with mental disorders following a multi-element treatment including diet, physical activity, and positive thinking: The real-world "An Apple a Day" controlled trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:903759. [PMID: 36081460 PMCID: PMC9445251 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.903759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to evaluate the 12-month effectiveness of a real-world weight loss transdiagnostic intervention in overweight/obese participants affected by mental disorders under psychopharmacological treatment. We conducted a real-world, controlled, pragmatic outpatient trial. We allocated 58 overweight/obese adults under psychopharmacological treatment from a mental health outpatient unit and 48 overweight/obese adults from a cardiovascular prevention outpatient unit, and assigned them to an intervention or treatment usual as condition (TAU) enriched by life-style advice. Participants in both intervention groups took part in a diet programme (the modified OMNIHeart dietary protocol) and monitoring of regular aerobic activity. A brief group programme ("An Apple a Day" Metacognitive Training, Apple-MCT) was added in the intervention group of participants affected by mental disorders. The primary outcome was weight loss. Secondary outcomes included anthropometric, clinical, and metabolic variables. Psychopathology and health-related quality of life were also evaluated in the psychiatric sample. At 12 months, both intervention groups showed a more marked mean decrease in weight (6.7 kg, SD: 3.57) than the TAU group (0.32 kg, SD: 1.96), and a statistically significant improvement in metabolic variables compared with the control groups. Furthermore, the participants affected by mental disorders included in the intervention group reported improved health-related quality of life. Our findings suggest the need to implement integrated interventions based on a dietary protocol, physical activity, and modification of cognitive style in overweight/obese users with mental disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Giusti
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Valeria Bianchini
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Annalisa Aggio
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Silvia Mammarella
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Anna Salza
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Stefano Necozione
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Alessia Alunno
- Division of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, School of Internal Medicine-San Salvatore Hospital, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferri
- Division of Internal Medicine and Nephrology, School of Internal Medicine-San Salvatore Hospital, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Massimo Casacchia
- Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Rita Roncone
- University Unit Rehabilitation Treatment, Early Interventions in Mental Health-San Salvatore Hospital, Department of Life, Health, and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, L'Aquila, Italy
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Prevalence of canine obesity in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14082. [PMID: 32826948 PMCID: PMC7442815 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-70937-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Canine obesity is associated with comorbidities, a shortened lifespan, and a poorer quality of life, but epidemiological studies characterizing canine obesity in Latin America are scarce. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the prevalence of canine obesity in the city of Sao Paulo, Brazil, and the possible associated causal factors. Randomly-selected households from different city regions were visited. Dogs in each household were evaluated and owners completed a questionnaire whilst their anthropometric measures were taken. Total of 285 dogs from 221 owners were included, and the combined prevalence of overweight and obesity was 40.5%. The prevalence of overweight and obesity was greater in female dogs (P = 0.003) and in dogs that were neutered (P = 0.001). There was also a positive association between BCS and frequency of visits to a veterinarian (P = 0.026), feeding frequency (P = 0.033), and higher snack intake (P = 0.011). Further, the BCS of dogs was greater when their owners reported consuming more snacks themselves (P = 0.005) and whose had a presence of elderly people in the household (P = 0.006). In conclusion, the prevalence of obesity found in a Brazilian metropolitan region was similar to that if other countries, and neutering and snack intake were associated with the development of this disease.
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Turner RBS, Tyrrell D, Hepworth G, Dunshea FR, Mansfield CS. Compartmental fat distribution in the abdomen of dogs relative to overall body fat composition. BMC Vet Res 2020; 16:104. [PMID: 32228685 PMCID: PMC7106746 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-020-02327-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adipose tissue may have different metabolic and endocrine functions depending on the region of the body in which it is located. While visceral or intra-abdominal fat has been found to contribute to leptin concentrations, insulin resistance and obesity-related diseases, there are only a few imaging studies documenting the preferential distribution of body fat to either the intra-abdominal or subcutaneous compartments in dogs. This study aimed to determine if CT-measured abdominal fat distributed preferentially to the visceral space (V) relative to the subcutaneous space (SQ), with increasing DXA-determined total body fat percentage; and if ultrasound measurements of the ventral midline subcutaneous (SAT) and visceral adipose thickness (VAT) can be used to estimate the distribution of fat to the subcutaneous and visceral abdominal spaces, in a sample of 22 dogs with variable body condition. Results Multivariate analysis showed no statistically significant correlation between visceral to subcutaneous fat ratio (V/SQ) and increasing total body fat percentage (β = − 0.07, p = 0.733), but strong correlation with age (β = 0.71 p = 0.002). A substantial amount of variation for the ultrasound visceral adipose thickness to subcutaneous fat thickness (VAT/SAT) could be explained by both CT V/SQ and sex (R2Adjusted = 0.477, p = 0.001), with female dogs having significant lower VAT/SAT ratios compared to the male dogs (p = 0.047). The ultrasound fat measurements appeared moderately reliable, but a larger sample number is required to confirm this. Conclusions The findings suggest that dogs with a relatively healthy to slightly overweight body condition score, distribute fat relatively similarly between their peritoneal (visceral) and subcutaneous abdominal compartments with increasing total body fat percentage. However, there was increased fat distribution to the peritoneal space relative to the subcutaneous space with increasing age. Further, abdominal ultrasound may be useful in estimating the ratio of fat distribution to both the abdominal visceral and subcutaneous spaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- R B S Turner
- U-Vet Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia.
| | - D Tyrrell
- U-Vet Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
| | - G Hepworth
- Statistical Consulting Centre, University of Melbourne, 139 Barry Street, Carlton, Melbourne, Victoria, 3053, Australia
| | - F R Dunshea
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - C S Mansfield
- U-Vet Animal Hospital, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria, 3030, Australia
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Yoon S, Fleeman LM, Wilson BJ, Mansfield CS, McGreevy P. Epidemiological study of dogs with diabetes mellitus attending primary care veterinary clinics in Australia. Vet Rec 2020; 187:e22. [PMID: 32051292 DOI: 10.1136/vr.105467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The objectives of this study were to establish the prevalence, risk factors and comorbidities/sequelae for diabetes mellitus (DM) in Australian dogs presented to first-opinion veterinary practices. METHODS Electronic patient records of dogs (n=134,329) attending 152 veterinary clinics during 2017 were sourced through VetCompass Australia. They included 418 dogs with DM; a prevalence of 0.36 per cent (95 per cent CI 0.33 per cent to 0.39 per cent) in Australian dogs attending these veterinary clinics. By comparing with the reference group of rarer breeds and unidentified crossbreeds, multivariable modelling was used to reveal breeds (and their crosses) with significantly higher odds of having DM. RESULTS The results revealed that breeds (and their crosses) with significantly higher odds of having DM were Australian terriers (ORs=7.93 (95 per cent CI 2.83 to 22.27)), Siberian huskies (OR=6.24 (95 per cent CI 2.51 to 15.54)), English springer spaniels (OR=5.37 (95 per cent CI 1.48 to 19.53)), West Highland white terriers (OR=4.85 (95 per cent CI 2.55 to 9.25)), miniature schnauzers (OR=3.47 (95 per cent CI 1.16 to 10.35)), all types of poodles (OR=3.41 (95 per cent CI 2.07 to 5.61)), bichon frises (OR=3.41 (95 per cent CI 1.65 to 7.01)), schnauzers (OR=3.18 (95 per cent CI 1.42 to 7.11)) and cavalier King Charles spaniels (CKCS; OR=1.84 (95 per cent CI 1.08 to 3.13)). Breeds with lower risk were German shepherd dogs (OR=0.11 (95 per cent CI 0.01 to 0.84)), golden retrievers (OR=0.09 (95 per cent CI 0.01 to 0.68)) and boxers (no cases identified). Fisher's exact tests showed that labradoodles were diagnosed significantly more often than purebred Labradors (P=0.04) and did not differ significantly from poodles (P=0.81). Cavoodles did not differ significantly from either CKCS (p~1.00) or poodles (P=0.12). Spoodles were significantly less diagnosed than poodles (P=0.003) but did not differ from cocker spaniels (P=0.66). Desexed male dogs had a higher odds of DM than entire male (OR=0.62 (95 per cent CI 0.39 to 0.98)) and desexed female dogs (OR=0.76 (95 per cent CI 0.61 to 0.96)). Comorbidities/sequelae associated with canine DM included suspected pancreatitis (OR 10.58 (95 per cent CI 5.17 to 22.78)), cataracts (OR 9.80 (95 per cent CI 5.65 to 17.35)), hyperadrenocorticism (OR 6.21 (95 per cent CI 3.29 to 11.88)), urinary tract infection (OR 5.09 (95 per cent CI 1.97 to 13.41)) and hypothyroidism (OR 4.10 (95 per cent CI 1.08 to 15.58)). CONCLUSIONS Breeds at most risk included Australian terriers and Siberian huskies as previously reported, as well as, for the first time, English springer spaniels. In contrast to other populations where there is female predisposition for DM, desexed male dogs in Australia were at increased risk for DM compared with both entire males and desexed females. This predisposition for desexed males to develop DM warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Yoon
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Bethany J Wilson
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Caroline S Mansfield
- Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Paul McGreevy
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Neutering in dogs and cats: current scientific evidence and importance of adequate nutritional management. Nutr Res Rev 2020; 33:134-144. [PMID: 31931899 DOI: 10.1017/s0954422419000271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Neutering or spaying is a commonly recommended veterinary procedure. However, veterinarians are often confronted with conflicting findings and differences in concepts regarding practice and proper nutritional management after the procedure. The objective of the present review was to bring to light the most recent literature, summarise it and discuss the findings focusing on the risks and benefits of neutering in dogs and cats, and to determine the appropriate nutritional management for these animals.
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Porsani MYH, Teixeira FA, Amaral AR, Pedrinelli V, Vasques V, de Oliveira AG, Vendramini THA, Brunetto MA. Factors associated with failure of dog's weight loss programmes. Vet Med Sci 2019; 6:299-305. [PMID: 31877241 PMCID: PMC7397924 DOI: 10.1002/vms3.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Canine obesity is the cause of several health issues, and may predispose other diseases, such as orthopaedic disorders, endocrinopathies, metabolic abnormalities and cardiorespiratory disease which can lead to a decreased quality of life and reduced lifespan. Dog are considered overweight when their body weight is ≥15% above their ideal body weight, and as obese when their body weight exceeds 30% of optimal. Prevalence of canine obesity is estimated to be around 5%-20%, and up to 30%-40% when all overweight dogs are considered. Treatment is based on weight loss programmes, focused on caloric restriction associated with exercise. However, success rate of treatment is low. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the reasons for weight loss failure of obese dogs during treatment with low-calorie diets. METHODS Records of obese dogs undergoing weight loss programmes between May 2014 and May 2017, assessed by a team specialized in veterinary nutrition, were retrospectively evaluated. Dogs were classified according to weekly weight loss rate (WWLR) (<1%, between 1% and 2%, and more than 2%) and owner compliance with a dietary prescription and physical activity recommendations. RESULTS The mean WWLR was not satisfactory (<1%) in 64.4% (n = 47/73) of dogs. Regarding owner compliance with the dietary prescription, 44.7% (n = 21/47) of owners did not follow diet prescriptions and physical activity recommendations for their dogs. There was a significant association (p = .01) between compliance of owners and satisfactory weight loss rate; however, there was no association between weight loss success, diet composition sex, reproductive status, age of the dogs and their physical activity (p ≥ .05). CONCLUSIONS Non-compliance represents a great challenge in the treatment of canine obesity, and may be of more importance than other aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Y H Porsani
- Veterinary Internal Medicine Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio A Teixeira
- Veterinary Internal Medicine Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andressa R Amaral
- Veterinary Internal Medicine Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vivian Pedrinelli
- Veterinary Internal Medicine Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Vasques
- Veterinary Internal Medicine Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ariane G de Oliveira
- Veterinary Internal Medicine Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Thiago H A Vendramini
- Nutrition and Animal Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcio A Brunetto
- Nutrition and Animal Production Department, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo - USP, São Paulo, Brazil
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Blees NR, Wolfswinkel J, Kooistra HS, Corbee RJ. Influence of macronutrient composition of commercial diets on circulating leptin and adiponectin concentrations in overweight dogs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 104:698-706. [PMID: 31880032 PMCID: PMC7078794 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Leptin and adiponectin play important roles in obesity‐related inflammation and comorbidities. Previous research suggests that alterations in dietary macronutrient composition can modify circulating leptin and adiponectin concentrations in people, but limited research on this subject has been performed in dogs. This study investigated the effects of commercial high protein (HP), high fat (HF) and high carbohydrate medium protein (HCMP) diets on baseline (T−1) concentrations, post‐prandial peak concentrations and total release in a ten‐hour time span of leptin and adiponectin in dogs, when compared to a maintenance high carbohydrate low protein (HCLP) diet. Thirty‐six overweight dogs were fed the HCLP diet in a one‐week control period, after which the animals were assigned to one of three groups. In three four‐week periods, each group was fed all test diets in a different sequence. At the last day of each period, blood was sampled at one hour before feeding (T−1) and at three (T3), six (T6) and nine (T9) hours after feeding. Feeding caused peak leptin concentrations at T6 and T9 (p < .001). No significant post‐prandial change in adiponectin concentrations was found (p = .056). The HP diet resulted in lower leptin peak concentrations (p = .004) and AUCT−1–T9 (p = .01), but none of the diets influenced baseline leptin concentrations (p = .273). Baseline adiponectin concentrations were lower for the HF diet (p = .018) and HCMP (p < .001), and the HP, HF and HCMP AUCT−1–T9 (p < .001) were lower compared with the HCLP diet. Female dogs had lower adiponectin baseline concentrations (p = .041) and AUCT−1–T9 (p = .023) than male dogs. In conclusion, the HP diet was associated with the lowest post‐prandial peak leptin concentration and the least decrease in adiponectin release, suggesting that a HP diet may improve immune‐metabolic health and post‐prandial satiety in overweight dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niels Roderick Blees
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jeannette Wolfswinkel
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans Sjoerd Kooistra
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ronald Jan Corbee
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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10
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Pedrinelli V, Porsani MYH, Lima DM, Teixeira FA, Duarte CN, Vendramini THA, Brunetto MA. Predictive equations of maintenance energy requirement for healthy and chronically ill adult dogs. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2019; 105 Suppl 2:63-69. [PMID: 31637773 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2018] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Maintenance energy requirement (MER) is the energy amount necessary for dogs to maintain their weight and body condition. Some factors can influence the MER, such as gender, age, neutering status and also diseases. The present retrospective study aimed to evaluate MER of adult dogs with several diseases and compare with the MER of healthy adult dogs, observing the influence of parameters such as body condition score (BCS), neutering status, gender, age, diagnosis and type of food on MER of these dogs. A total of 165 adult dogs with weight changes of ≤5% were included and divided in groups according to diagnosis. Mean MER for healthy dogs was 86.09 kcal/BW0.75 , which differed from NRC and FEDIAF recommendations for inactive adult dogs (p = .047). Lowest MERs were of the endocrinopathies (78.52 ± 19.32 kcal/BW0.75 ), orthopaedic diseases (59.71 ± 19.30 kcal/BW0.75 ) and neurologic diseases (78.83 ± 32.66 kcal/BW0.75 ) groups. Gastrointestinal diseases (99.59 ± 20.36 kcal/BW0.75 ), orthopaedic diseases (59.71 ± 19.30 kcal/BW0.75 ) and neoplasia (95.61 ± 21.02 kcal/BW0.75 ) groups were the only groups that differed from the mean MER of healthy adult dogs. Regarding BCS, for each increasing point in a 9-point scale, there was a decrease of 9.8 kcal/BW0.75 on MER, independent of diagnosis (p < .0001; r2 = .55). There was no difference regarding breed size gender and age, but neutered dogs presented lower MER (p = .031). Based on data obtained from the present study, it can be concluded that it is necessary to consider BCS, age, neutering status and diagnosis when calculating MER, both in healthy dogs and chronically ill dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Pedrinelli
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Daniel Magalhães Lima
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
| | - Fabio Alves Teixeira
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Caio Nogueira Duarte
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Márcio Antonio Brunetto
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of Sao Paulo (USP), Pirassununga, Brazil
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11
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Chiofalo B, De Vita G, Lo Presti V, Cucinotta S, Gaglio G, Leone F, Di Rosa AR. Grain free diets for utility dogs during training work: Evaluation of the nutrient digestibility and faecal characteristics. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 5:297-306. [PMID: 31528733 PMCID: PMC6737487 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Two different diets characterized by the absence of cereals or by the presence of conventional cereals were evaluated on the nutrient digestibility and faecal characteristics and faecal fermentative end-product concentrations of 8 neutered adult Labrador retrievers housed at the Regional Centre Helen Keller (Messina, Italy) during the training work for the service guide for the blind. Dogs (age = 17 ± 1 months, initial body weight [BW] = 26.3 ± 1 kg, and body condition score [BCS] = 4.5 ± 0.11) were divided into 2 homogeneous groups for sex (half males and half females). Dogs in the grain free (GF) group were fed a commercial diet characterized by the absence of grain cereals, and dogs in the control (CTR) group were fed a super-premium pet food characterized by conventional grains as the carbohydrate source. The trial lasted 84 d, preceded by a 7-d of adaption period. Physical examination, digestibility, and faecal characteristics were studied. The statistical model included the effects of diet (GF vs. CTR), time (from d 0 to 84, end of the trial) and the interaction (diet × time). The high-protein, low-carbohydrate dry diet (GF) offered higher apparent nutrient digestibility of protein (+10%; P = 0.002) and fat (+7%; P < 0.001) and more stable large intestinal fermentation of carbohydrate compared to the commercial high-carbohydrate dry diet, enabling dogs to use nutrients from the diet more efficiently and thus requiring less food (-13%) to satisfy their nutrient requirements, producing less excrement (-33%; P = 0.033), and reaching a higher final BW (+8%; P < 0.0001) and a higher final BCS (+15%; P = 0.003). Therefore, the GF diet appears the nutritional plan most suitable for these animals taking due account not only of the training work done by animals with their increased nutrient and energy needs, but also of the gastrointestinal disorders consequent to stress coming from work and life in kennels, which cause in the Labrador retrievers an unusual weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagina Chiofalo
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - Giulia De Vita
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - Vittorio Lo Presti
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - Salvatore Cucinotta
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - Gabriella Gaglio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - Francesco Leone
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
| | - Ambra R Di Rosa
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, Messina, 98168, Italy
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12
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Cortese L, Terrazzano G, Pelagalli A. Leptin and Immunological Profile in Obesity and Its Associated Diseases in Dogs. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2392. [PMID: 31091785 PMCID: PMC6566566 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20102392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Revised: 05/06/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing scientific evidence has unveiled increased incidences of obesity in domestic animals and its influence on a plethora of associated disorders. Leptin, an adipokine regulating body fat mass, represents a key molecule in obesity, able to modulate immune responses and foster chronic inflammatory response in peripheral tissues. High levels of cytokines and inflammatory markers suggest an association between inflammatory state and obesity in dogs, highlighting the parallelism with humans. Canine obesity is a relevant disease always accompanied with several health conditions such as inflammation, immune-dysregulation, insulin resistance, pancreatitis, orthopaedic disorders, cardiovascular disease, and neoplasia. However, leptin involvement in many disease processes in veterinary medicine is poorly understood. Moreover, hyperleptinemia as well as leptin resistance occur with cardiac dysfunction as a consequence of altered cardiac mitochondrial metabolism in obese dogs. Similarly, leptin dysregulation seems to be involved in the pancreatitis pathophysiology. This review aims to examine literature concerning leptin and immunological status in obese dogs, in particular for the aspects related to obesity-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Cortese
- Department of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Productions, University of Naples Federico II, 80137 Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Terrazzano
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, 85100 Potenza, Italy.
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Pelagalli
- Department of Advanced Biomedical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy.
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimages (IBB), National Research Council (CNR), 80131 Naples, Italy.
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