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Bontemps AP, Piper ME, Cropsey KL. Psychometric Properties of the FTCD and Brief WISDM: Support for Validity in a Legal-System-Involved Sample. Nicotine Tob Res 2024; 26:976-983. [PMID: 38267236 PMCID: PMC11260893 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntae013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 01/16/2024] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Fagerström test for cigarette dependence (FTCD) and Brief Wisconsin index of smoking dependence motives (WISDM) are widely used measures of smoking dependence. The FTCD was previously found to have 1-factor and 2-factor structures and Brief WISDM has been found to have an 11-factor and 11-factor hierarchical structure. As such, the current study sought to further investigate the psychometric properties of the FTCD and Brief WISDM with a novel criminal-legal system-involved sample using both a factor-analytic and an item response theory (IRT) approach. AIMS AND METHODS Data from 517 criminal-legal system-involved adults (ie, 18 years of age or older) who smoke from Alabama, USA were analyzed. Confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) were conducted on 1-factor and 2-factor structures of the FTCD and 1-factor, 11-factor, and 11-factor hierarchical structures of the Brief WISDM. IRT analyses investigating item discrimination and threshold parameters were also conducted on the brief WISDM. RESULTS The CFA showed poor fit for a single-factor structure and mixed results for two 2-factor results for the FTCD. CFA also showed poor fit for a single-factor and mixed results for the 11-factor model. Initial IRT investigations using the 11-factor model showed strong item discrimination, but non-ordered threshold parameters. CONCLUSIONS Two-factor structures for the FTCD and the 11-factor model for the Brief WISDM were partially supported in a criminal-legal population, suggesting continued support for the multidimensional structure of the measures. Additionally, exploratory IRT analyses suggested good discrimination across the use spectrum for the Brief WISDM. IMPLICATIONS The Fagerström Test of Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) and Brief Wisconsin index of smoking dependence motives (WISDM) are two widely used measures of nicotine dependence, though previous research has shown mixed results for their internal consistency and factor structure. The current study used a unique sample of criminal-legal-involved participants who generally have moderate to high levels of nicotine dependence. The current study found that the FTCD displayed poor internal consistency, a poor fit for a single-factor model, but mixed support for two two-factor models. The Brief-WISDM was found to have strong internal consistency, a poor fit for a single-factor model, but mixed fit for an 11-factor model and good item discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew P Bontemps
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Megan E Piper
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin––Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Karen L Cropsey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Aguiar A, Abreu M, Duarte R. Healthcare professionals perspectives on tuberculosis barriers in Portuguese prisons-a qualitative study. J Public Health (Oxf) 2024:fdae065. [PMID: 38710659 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdae065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health concern, particularly within prison settings, where the confluence of adverse health factors and high-risk behaviors contribute to a heightened risk of transmission. This study delves into the perspectives of medical doctors, regarding the implementation of the 2014 TB protocol in Portugal. METHODS The study has a qualitative, descriptive design. Individual semi-structured interviews with medical doctors from TB outpatient centers in Porto and Lisbon were used for data collection. For the analysis thematic analysis method was used. RESULTS The study population comprised 21 medical doctors with the majority being female (61.9%) and 57.1% specializing in pulmonology. The results indicate varied perceptions of the protocol's usefulness, with positive impacts on coordination reported by some participants. Improved communication and evolving collaboration between TB outpatient centers and prisons were highlighted, although challenges in contact tracing and resource constraints were acknowledged. The study also sheds light on the role of nurses in patient education. CONCLUSION Despite overall positive perceptions, challenges such as sustaining therapy post-symptomatic improvement and delays in diagnostic methods were identified. The findings underscore the importance of continuous collaboration between prisons and TB control programs to address challenges, improve disease control and prevent TB transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Aguiar
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Estudo das Populações, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Abreu
- Unidade de Saúde Pública de Gaia, Agrupamento de Centros de Saúde do Grande Porto VII-Gaia, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Raquel Duarte
- EPIUnit-Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratório para a Investigação Integrativa e Translacional em Saúde Populacional (ITR), 4050-600 Porto, Portugal
- Estudo das Populações, ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- INSA-Instituto de Saúde Pública Doutor Ricardo Jorge-INSA Porto, 4000-053 Porto, Portugal
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Garver-Apgar CE, Morris CM, Pavlik J, Lenartz T, Hamm M. Peer-Facilitated Tobacco Cessation in a Prison Setting: A Proof of Concept Study. Tob Use Insights 2023; 16:1179173X231168511. [PMID: 37051590 PMCID: PMC10084529 DOI: 10.1177/1179173x231168511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the vast human and economic costs associated with tobacco use among U.S. inmates, smoking remains a largely ignored public health epidemic. Incarcerated individuals smoke at 3 to 4 times the rate of the general population and face tobacco-related health disparities. Purpose This paper reports results from a single arm, pre/post pilot study designed to test the feasibility and initial effectiveness of an inmate-administered group tobacco cessation intervention within a men’s pre-release program run by the Arizona Department of Corrections. Methods Corrections staff and inmate peer mentors were trained in the DIMENSIONS: Tobacco Free Program, a manualized 6-session tobacco cessation group curriculum. Group sessions used evidence-based interventions for assisting inmates develop skills to live tobacco and nicotine free. In 2019-2020, 39 men who reported tobacco use voluntarily participated in one of three cessation groups. Wilcoxen signed-rank tests evaluated changes across group sessions in frequency of tobacco use and attitudes about nicotine-free living post release. Results Most participants attended all six group sessions (79%) and made one or more quit attempts (78%). Overall, 24% of the sample reported quitting tobacco, and significant reductions in tobacco use were reported after only two sessions. Participants further reported significant positive changes in knowledge, plans, support, and confidence to live tobacco-free lives post-release. Conclusions To our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate that, with minimal investment, implementation of an evidence-based, peer-led tobacco free program is feasible and effective within an incarcerated population uniquely vulnerable to the burden of tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chad M. Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jim Pavlik
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
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Jayes L, Waddingham J, Britton J, Murray R. A Qualitative Study of the Implementation and Continued Delivery of Complete and Partial Smoke-Free Policies Across England's Prison Estate. Nicotine Tob Res 2023; 25:1099-1108. [PMID: 36629042 PMCID: PMC10202636 DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntac296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the United Kingdom, smoking among prisoners is up to five times more prevalent than the national average. Between 2015 and 2018, HMPPS introduced a complete smoke-free policy in all closed prisons, and a partial policy permitting smoking only in smoking shelters in open prisons. AIMS AND METHODS This study aimed to explore the views of stakeholders regarding the implementation and continuation of smoke-free policies, including the management of nicotine addiction during imprisonment and after release. Individuals with key strategic and/or operational roles in delivering smoke-free prison policies across England were purposively sampled to complete a semi-structured interview. Twenty-eight interviews were analyzed thematically. RESULTS The smoke-free implementation across the closed prison estate was viewed as a success, though there were reports of reduced availability of smoking cessation support since the roll out. Participants thought the majority of tobacco smokers living in closed prison environments were now using an electronic cigarette, typically as a temporary means to manage nicotine addiction until release. In open prisons the partial policy has been less successful; high rates of smoking resumption on moving from closed to open conditions were reported, with many participants arguing that the open estate should also go completely smoke free. It was envisaged that most prisoners would resume smoking on community release. CONCLUSIONS The smoke-free policies provide a unique opportunity to promote lifelong cessation in this highly disadvantaged group. However more could be done to adopt a consistent smoke-free policy across all prisons, and to support prisoners in quitting smoking and nicotine use during and after imprisonment. IMPLICATIONS Our results identify the urgent need for more work to explore rates and reasons for relapse to smoking on transfer to the open estate and after release. With the majority of smokers in the closed prison estate now using e-cigarettes to manage their nicotine addiction, one way to support long-term tobacco abstinence could be to place greater emphasis on this switching behavior as a way of reducing tobacco-related harm within this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Jayes
- Institute of Health and Allied Professions, Nottingham Trent University, Clifton Campus, Nottingham NG11 8NS, UK
| | - Jessica Waddingham
- JJR Macleod Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| | - John Britton
- Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Rachael Murray
- Population and Lifespan Sciences, School of Medicine, The University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
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Ives K, Christiansen B, Nolan M, Kaye JT, Fiore MC. Nine years of smoking data from incarcerated men: A call to action for tobacco dependence interventions. Prev Med Rep 2022; 29:101921. [PMID: 35911575 PMCID: PMC9326308 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2022.101921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nearly all people in prison return to smoking shortly after release. Smoking prevalence prior to prison remains very high and is not changing. Most prison survey respondents do not consider themselves addicted. Prison survey respondents have become less interested in help to stay tobacco free. Survey results suggest possible elements for tobacco interventions.
People who are incarcerated use tobacco in high numbers before incarceration and the vast majority resume tobacco use soon after release despite institutional smoking bans. Nine years of surveys collected at a correctional facility in the Midwest, U.S., were analyzed to identify the needs of this high-risk population and suggest future directions for research and intervention development. For the most part, survey respondents considered themselves no longer addicted to tobacco and intended to remain tobacco free after release. They increasingly expected support to remain tobacco free from their home environment despite no change in home tobacco use. Over this nine-year period, significantly fewer respondents wanted materials and help to remain tobacco free, suggesting they have become more challenging to assist. Implications for intervention development and future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari Ives
- Wisconsin Department of Corrections, 3099 East Washington Ave, Madison, WI 53704, USA
| | - Bruce Christiansen
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1930 Monroe St Suite 200, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Margaret Nolan
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1930 Monroe St Suite 200, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Jesse T Kaye
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1930 Monroe St Suite 200, Madison, WI 53711, USA
| | - Michael C Fiore
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, 1930 Monroe St Suite 200, Madison, WI 53711, USA
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Sourry RJ, Hyslop F, Butler TG, Richmond RL. Impact of smoking bans and other smoking cessation interventions in prisons, mental health and substance use treatment settings: A systematic review of the evidence. Drug Alcohol Rev 2022; 41:1528-1542. [PMID: 36097413 DOI: 10.1111/dar.13524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
ISSUES We conducted a systematic review to examine whether smoking bans alone are effective in achieving smoking cessation in people released from prison, and patients discharged from mental health or substance use settings. APPROACH We searched health, criminology and social science databases. Detailed search strings were used to combine terms related to smoking bans and cessation interventions in prison, mental health and substance use treatment settings. We used backward and forward snowballing and manual hand searching to find additional studies. Studies were included if they: were published between 1 January 2000 and 25 February 2022; included a complete smoking ban; measured people released from prison and/or mental health and/or substance use patients smoking post-release/discharge from a smoke-free facility; and reported smoking cessation intervention and/or smoking ban outcomes. Methodological quality was assessed using the Effective Public Health Practice Project's Quality Assessment Tool for Quantitative Studies and reviewed by two authors. KEY FINDINGS People released from prison, mental health and substance use in-patients who experience a smoking ban while incarcerated or in in-patient settings often relapse to smoking shortly after release or discharge. We found that although smoking bans alone do not promote cessation, multi-component interventions in combination with smoking bans can significantly increase cessation rates post-release/discharge provided they support participants during this time. CONCLUSIONS There is limited evidence to suggest tobacco bans alone in prison, mental health and substance use treatment settings are effective in achieving long-term smoking cessation. This review suggests that combining smoking bans and cessation interventions including pre- and post-release/discharge support can be effective in achieving smoking cessation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fran Hyslop
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Tony G Butler
- School of Population Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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Hawes ES, Mildrum Chana S, Faust A, Baker JC, Hendricks PS, Azuero A, Lahti AC, Carpenter MJ, Cropsey KL. In vivo Experience With NRT to Increase Adherence and Smoking Abstinence Among Individuals in the Criminal Legal System: Study Protocol for a Randomized Clinical Trial. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:886680. [PMID: 35800020 PMCID: PMC9253399 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.886680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While tobacco use among individuals involved in the criminal legal system remains 3-4 times higher than the general population, few interventions have been targeted for this population to aid in smoking cessation. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) is a relatively effective and accessible smoking cessation aid; however, individuals frequently stop use of NRT early due to side effects and misperceptions about the products. The present study aims to address low medication adherence by examining the efficacy of an "in vivo" NRT sampling experience in individuals under community criminal legal supervision. METHODS Following recruitment through community legal outlets, participants (N = 517) are randomized to either an "in vivo NRT sampling" group or a standard smoking cessation behavioral counseling group. The in vivo group uses NRT in session and discusses perceptions and experiences of using NRT in real time while the standard smoking cessation counseling group receives four sessions of standard behavioral smoking cessation counseling. Both groups receive four intervention sessions and 12 weeks of NRT following the intervention. The 6-month post-intervention primary outcome measures are smoking point-prevalence abstinence and medication adherence. CONCLUSION This is a novel smoking cessation intervention specifically aimed at increasing NRT adherence and smoking cessation among those involved in the criminal legal system, a group of individuals with high smoking rates and low rates of pharmacotherapy use. If proven effective, the present treatment could be a novel intervention to implement in criminal legal settings given the minimal requirement of resources and training.This trial is registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov-NCT02938403.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth S Hawes
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Sofía Mildrum Chana
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Alexandra Faust
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Julianne C Baker
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Peter S Hendricks
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Andres Azuero
- Department of Nursing, Family, Community and Health Systems, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Adrienne C Lahti
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
| | - Matthew J Carpenter
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Karen L Cropsey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurobiology, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States
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Albany H, Richmond R, Simpson M, Kariminia A, Hwang YIJ, Butler T. Smoking Beyond Prison Bans: The Impact of Prison Tobacco Bans on Smoking Among Prison Entrants. JOURNAL OF CORRECTIONAL HEALTH CARE 2021; 27:280-288. [PMID: 34735264 DOI: 10.1089/jchc.19.08.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to determine whether previous exposure to a total prison smoking ban is associated with a reduction in daily smoking postrelease and to identify the factors associated with daily tobacco use. Demographics, incarceration history, and substance use data were collected from the 2016 National Prisoner Entrants' Blood Borne Virus Survey for 389 Australian prison entrants. Predictors of daily smoking among those exposed to a smoking ban were illicit drug use and Indigenous status. No significant association was found between current daily smoking and recent exposure to a prison smoking ban, suggesting that the majority of Australian prisoners exposed to a tobacco ban while incarcerated will return to smoking once released. Complementary and culturally specific interventions supporting abstinence postrelease should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamish Albany
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Robyn Richmond
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Melanie Simpson
- Department of Communities and Justice, Youth Justice NSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Azar Kariminia
- The Kirby Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Ye In Jane Hwang
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tony Butler
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Bondolfi C, Taffe P, Augsburger A, Jaques C, Malebranche M, Clair C, Bodenmann P. Impact of incarceration on cardiovascular disease risk factors: a systematic review and meta-regression on weight and BMI change. BMJ Open 2020; 10:e039278. [PMID: 33067292 PMCID: PMC7569938 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-039278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cardiovascular disease is an underappreciated issue in prison medicine. Recent studies have revealed a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease risk factors (CVDRFs) among individuals in prison, but the impact of incarceration on CVDRFs over time is not well understood. This review aimed to assess available literature and quantify the relationship between incarceration and trends in major CVDRFs in high-income countries. DESIGN Systematic review following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses statement. Meta-regression on weight change and obesity. DATA SOURCES Medline, Embase, PubMed, Cochrane Central Wiley and Web of Science. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES Longitudinal studies reporting on the incidence of, or trends in any CVDRF among current or former people in prison over time, in high-income countries. DATA EXTRACTION AND SYNTHESIS Two authors independently screened articles for eligibility, extracted data and assessed quality using an adapted version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Trends in CVDRFs during and following incarceration were summarised and in those with sufficient data a meta-regression was performed. RESULTS Twenty-six articles were identified. CVDRFs assessed included obesity, hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidaemia, tobacco use, physical inactivity and unhealthy diet. A meta-regression on change in weight during incarceration found a mean increase of 5.3 kg (95% CI 0.5 to 10.1) and change in body mass index of 1.8 kg/m2 (95% CI -0.9 to 4.6) at 2 years. Weight gain appeared most pronounced right after entering prison and then plateaued at 2 years. Concerning hypertension, the results were inconclusive, despite a trend towards rising blood pressure or prevalence of hypertension during incarceration, and an increased incidence of hypertension following incarceration. Results are contradictory or inconclusive for the other CVDRFs reviewed. CONCLUSION Possible explanations for the association between incarceration and weight include a sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy diet, forced smoking cessation, psychotropic medication use and high levels of stress. Incarceration may be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantin Bondolfi
- Department of Vulnerable Populations and Social Medicine, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Taffe
- Division of Biostatistics, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Augsburger
- Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | | | - Mary Malebranche
- Department of Vulnerable Populations and Social Medicine, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
- Medicine, University of Calgary Cumming School of Medicine, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Carole Clair
- Department of Ambulatory Care and Community Medicine, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Bodenmann
- Department of Vulnerable Populations and Social Medicine, Center for Primary Care and Public Health (Unisanté), Lausanne, Vaud, Switzerland
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Young JT, Puljević C, Love AD, Janca EK, Segan CJ, Baird D, Whiffen R, Pappos S, Bell E, Kinner SA. Staying Quit After Release (SQuARe) trial protocol: a randomised controlled trial of a multicomponent intervention to maintain smoking abstinence after release from smoke-free prisons in Victoria, Australia. BMJ Open 2019; 9:e027307. [PMID: 31167867 PMCID: PMC6561422 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-027307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2018] [Revised: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Smoke-free policies have been introduced in prisons internationally. However, high rates of relapse to smoking after release from prison indicate that these policies typically result in short-term smoking cessation only. These high rates of relapse, combined with a lack of investment in relapse prevention, highlight a missed opportunity to improve the health of a population who smoke tobacco at two to six times the rate of the general population. This paper describes the rationale and design of a randomised controlled trial, testing the effectiveness of a caseworker-delivered intervention promoting smoking cessation among former smokers released from smoke-free prisons in Victoria, Australia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS The multicomponent, brief intervention consists of behavioural counselling, provision of nicotine spray and referral to Quitline and primary care to promote use of government-subsidised smoking cessation pharmacotherapy. The intervention is embedded in routine service delivery and is administered at three time points: one prerelease and two postrelease from prison. Control group participants will receive usual care. Smoking abstinence will be assessed at 1 and 3 months postrelease, and confirmed with carbon monoxide breath testing. Linkage of participant records to survey and routinely collected administrative data will provide further information on postrelease use of health services and prescribed medication. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Ethical approval has been obtained from the Corrections Victoria Research Committee, the Victorian Department of Justice Human Research Ethics Committee, the Department of Human Services External Request Evaluation Committee and the University of Melbourne Human Research Ethics Committee. Results will be submitted to major international health-focused journals. In case of success, findings will assist policymakers to implement urgently needed interventions promoting the maintenance of prison-initiated smoking abstinence after release, to reduce the health disparities experienced by this marginalised population. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12618000072213; Pre-results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesse T Young
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cheneal Puljević
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Health Services Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Alexander D Love
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emilia K Janca
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Catherine J Segan
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Donita Baird
- Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Medicine and Public Health, The University of Newcastle, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Stan Pappos
- Australian Community Support Organisation, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emma Bell
- Australian Community Support Organisation, Richmond, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stuart A Kinner
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Griffith Criminology Institute, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Mater Research Institute-UQ, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Netherlands Institute for the Study of Crime and Law Enforcement, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Hakim S, Chowdhury MAB, Uddin MJ. Correlates of attempting to quit smoking among adults in Bangladesh. Addict Behav Rep 2018; 8:1-7. [PMID: 30062100 PMCID: PMC6062856 DOI: 10.1016/j.abrep.2018.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Revised: 04/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quit attempts are very essential in population-based smoking cessation. Little is known about the correlates of making a quit attempt of smoking in Bangladesh. We aimed to examine correlates of making a quit attempt of smoking among adults in Bangladesh. Methods We used data from the 2009 Global Adult Tobacco Survey, Bangladesh. A total of 2217 adult current smokers (2141 males and 76 females) aged 15 years and older who participated in the survey were included. We compared socio-demographic, behavioral, motivational, knowledge and attitudes towards smoking, quitting methods utilized, use of social media to quit smoking, and environmental characteristics of current smokers who made an attempt to quit with those who made no quit attempt during the previous 12 months of the survey. We applied multivariable logistic regression models for analyzing the data. Results Among the 2217 current smokers, 1058 (47.72%) made attempt to quit. We found respondents who smoked their first cigarette within 6 to 30 min of waking up were more likely to make an attempt to quit than those who smoked their first cigarette within 5 min of waking. Moreover, among daily current smokers who smoked 10–19 manufactured cigarettes per day were less likely to make a quit attempt. We also found intention to quit smoking, smoking rules inside the home, and exposure to anti-smoking advertisements as significant correlates of making a quit attempt of smoking among adults in Bangladesh. Conclusions Policymakers should consider our findings when implementing tobacco control programs in Bangladesh. Quit attempts are very essential in population-based smoking cessation. Among the 2233 current smokers, 1058 individuals attempted to quit smoking. Smokers who don't smoke quickly after waking were more likely to make quit attempt. Smokers who lived in a smoke-free home were also more likely to make quit attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shariful Hakim
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
| | | | - Md Jamal Uddin
- Department of Statistics, Shahjalal University of Science & Technology, Sylhet 3114, Bangladesh
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