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Akkewar AS, Mishra KA, Kamble MG, Kumar S, Dey J, Sethi KK. A mechanistic review on growing multiple therapeutic applications of lutein and its global market research. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3190-3217. [PMID: 38634408 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Lutein is a naturally occurring carotenoid synthesized by plants and algae that has a beneficial effect on several biological processes and associated ailments. Its immediate application is in ophthalmology, where it significantly lowers the incidences of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). It also has anti-inflammatory action, treatment of diabetic retinopathy, and cataracts, and enhancement of visual contrast. To critically assess lutein biosynthesis, therapeutic applicability, and market research literature. We have discussed its theoretical frameworks, experimental evidence, limitations, as well as clinical trial results, and future research prospects. The literature for this review article was mined and compiled by collecting and analyzing articles from several databases, including ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, Wiley Online Library, Patentscope, and ClinicalTrials.gov published until March 30, 2022. Patent publications were identified using the search terms like IC:(C07C67/56) AND EN_AB:(lutein) OR EN_TI:(lutein) OR EN_AB:(extraction) OR EN_TI:(process). According to the literature, lutein is an essential nutrient given that it cannot be synthesized in the human body and acts as an antioxidant, affecting AMD, diabetic retinopathy, Rheumatic diseases, inflammation, and cancer. Due to inadequate production and laborious extraction, lutein is expensive despite its high demand and applicability. Market research predicts a 6.3% compound annual growth rate for lutein by 2032. Optimizing lutein extraction for high yield and purity is necessary. Lutein has proven applicability in various ailments as well as cosmetics that can be developed as a candidate drug for various diseases discussed in the review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish Sunil Akkewar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Km Abha Mishra
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Mahesh Gopichand Kamble
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Juhi Dey
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Guwahati, India
| | - Kalyan Kumar Sethi
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Guwahati, Guwahati, India
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Sun MH, Gong TT, Xu HL, Yin JL, Yang HJ, Zou BJ, Chen HY, Du ZD, Wang R, Yan S, Xu J, Liu FH, Sun ML, Gao S, Zhao YH, Wu QJ. Association between pre-diagnostic dietary antioxidant vitamin consumption and ovarian cancer survival: a prospective cohort study. Food Funct 2023; 14:911-920. [PMID: 36537732 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo03213a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: Epidemiological evidence regarding the relationship between dietary antioxidant vitamin intake and ovarian cancer (OC) survival is not clear. Herein, we aimed to first evaluate this topic in a prospective cohort study in China. Methods: The present study included participants from the Ovarian Cancer Follow-Up Study, which was a hospital-based prospective cohort study including OC patients who were aged 18 to 79 years during 2015-2020. The information on the intake of antioxidant vitamins, consisting of vitamin A, retinol, α-carotene, β-carotene, vitamin C, and vitamin E, and other diet information was obtained through a 111-item food frequency questionnaire. Deaths were recorded until March 31, 2021. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for overall survival were evaluated using Cox proportional hazards models. Results: There were 130 (18.49%) deaths among 703 OC patients during a median 37.19 months follow-up. In the multivariable-adjusted model, the highest tertile of dietary vitamin C (HR = 0.43, 95% CI = 0.25-0.75, P for trend <0.05) and β-carotene intake (HR = 0.52, 95% CI = 0.31-0.87, P for trend <0.05) was inversely associated with the overall survival of OC when compared with the lowest tertile group. Retinol, vitamin A, vitamin E, and α-carotene consumption showed no association with OC survival. Of note is that the multiplicative interaction was identified between vitamin C intake and residual lesions in OC survival (P for interaction <0.05). Conclusion: Our findings indicate that pre-diagnostic higher vitamin C and β-carotene intake was associated with improved OC survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Hui Sun
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ting-Ting Gong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - He-Li Xu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jia-Li Yin
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui-Juan Yang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Bing-Jie Zou
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Hong-Yu Chen
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zong-Da Du
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shi Yan
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Fang-Hua Liu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ming-Li Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yu-Hong Zhao
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qi-Jun Wu
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Clinical Research Center, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China. .,Liaoning Key Laboratory of Precision Medical Research on Major Chronic Disease, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive and Genetic Medicine (China Medical University), National Health Commission, Shenyang, China
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Carotenoids in Drug Discovery and Medicine: Pathways and Molecular Targets Implicated in Human Diseases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27186005. [PMID: 36144741 PMCID: PMC9503763 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27186005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids are isoprenoid-derived natural products produced in plants, algae, fungi, and photosynthetic bacteria. Most animals cannot synthesize carotenoids because the biosynthetic machinery to create carotenoids de novo is absent in animals, except arthropods. Carotenoids are biosynthesized from two C20 geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (GGPP) molecules made from isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) via the methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) route. Carotenoids can be extracted by a variety of methods, including maceration, Soxhlet extraction, supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), accelerated solvent extraction (ASE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), pulsed electric field (PEF)-assisted extraction, and enzyme-assisted extraction (EAE). Carotenoids have been reported to exert various biochemical actions, including the inhibition of the Akt/mTOR, Bcl-2, SAPK/JNK, JAK/STAT, MAPK, Nrf2/Keap1, and NF-κB signaling pathways and the ability to increase cholesterol efflux to HDL. Carotenoids are absorbed in the intestine. A handful of carotenoids and carotenoid-based compounds are in clinical trials, while some are currently used as medicines. The application of metabolic engineering techniques for carotenoid production, whole-genome sequencing, and the use of plants as cell factories to produce specialty carotenoids presents a promising future for carotenoid research. In this review, we discussed the biosynthesis and extraction of carotenoids, the roles of carotenoids in human health, the metabolism of carotenoids, and carotenoids as a source of drugs and supplements.
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Zafar J, Aqeel A, Shah FI, Ehsan N, Gohar UF, Moga MA, Festila D, Ciurea C, Irimie M, Chicea R. Biochemical and Immunological implications of Lutein and Zeaxanthin. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10910. [PMID: 34681572 PMCID: PMC8535525 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222010910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Throughout history, nature has been acknowledged for being a primordial source of various bioactive molecules in which human macular carotenoids are gaining significant attention. Among 750 natural carotenoids, lutein, zeaxanthin and their oxidative metabolites are selectively accumulated in the macular region of living beings. Due to their vast applications in food, feed, pharmaceutical and nutraceuticals industries, the global market of lutein and zeaxanthin is continuously expanding but chemical synthesis, extraction and purification of these compounds from their natural repertoire e.g., plants, is somewhat costly and technically challenging. In this regard microbial as well as microalgal carotenoids are considered as an attractive alternative to aforementioned challenges. Through the techniques of genetic engineering and gene-editing tools like CRISPR/Cas9, the overproduction of lutein and zeaxanthin in microorganisms can be achieved but the commercial scale applications of such procedures needs to be done. Moreover, these carotenoids are highly unstable and susceptible to thermal and oxidative degradation. Therefore, esterification of these xanthophylls and microencapsulation with appropriate wall materials can increase their shelf-life and enhance their application in food industry. With their potent antioxidant activities, these carotenoids are emerging as molecules of vital importance in chronic degenerative, malignancies and antiviral diseases. Therefore, more research needs to be done to further expand the applications of lutein and zeaxanthin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javaria Zafar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (J.Z.); (A.A.); (F.I.S.); (N.E.); (U.F.G.)
| | - Amna Aqeel
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (J.Z.); (A.A.); (F.I.S.); (N.E.); (U.F.G.)
| | - Fatima Iftikhar Shah
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (J.Z.); (A.A.); (F.I.S.); (N.E.); (U.F.G.)
| | - Naureen Ehsan
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (J.Z.); (A.A.); (F.I.S.); (N.E.); (U.F.G.)
| | - Umar Farooq Gohar
- Institute of Industrial Biotechnology, Government College University Lahore, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (J.Z.); (A.A.); (F.I.S.); (N.E.); (U.F.G.)
| | - Marius Alexandru Moga
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (M.A.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Dana Festila
- Radiology and Maxilo Facial Surgery Department, Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj Napoca, Romania
| | - Codrut Ciurea
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (M.A.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Marius Irimie
- Faculty of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, 500036 Brasov, Romania; (M.A.M.); (M.I.)
| | - Radu Chicea
- Faculty of Medicine, “Lucian Blaga” University, 550169 Sibiu, Romania;
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Heydari M, Shayanfar M, Sharifi G, Saneei P, Sadeghi O, Esmaillzadeh A. The Association between Dietary Total Antioxidant Capacity and Glioma in Adults. Nutr Cancer 2020; 73:1947-1956. [PMID: 32912000 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2020.1817954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We assessed the relation between dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and risk of glioma among Iranian adults. Design: A hospital-based case-control study. Setting: This case-control investigation was done in 2011. Usual dietary intakes of participants during the preceding year were examined using a food frequency questionnaire. Data on dietary TAC from foods was gathered from published databases that provided the antioxidant capacity for each food item, measured by ferric reducing antioxidant power. Participants: Cases were individuals with pathologically confirmed glioma that were diagnosed during the last month (n = 128). Controls were individuals, aged between 20 and 75 years, who were hospitalized or were outpatients referred to other wards of the same hospitals (n = 256). Results: Compared with participants in the lowest quartile, those in the highest quartile of dietary TAC had a lower odds of glioma (OR: 0.28, 95%CI: 0.15-0.45). This association was strengthened when potential confounders were taken into account (OR: 0.13; 95%CI: 0.05-0.35). Such inverse association was also seen for men (OR: 0.05, 95%CI: 0.01-0.19), but not for women. Furthermore, significant inverse associations were seen between dietary intakes of vitamin C (OR for Q4 vs. Q1: 0.14, 95%CI: 0.05-0.36; P-trend < 0.01), vitamin B6 (OR for Q4 vs. Q1: 0.35, 95%CI: 0.13-0.97; P-trend = 0.02) and β-carotene (OR for Q3 vs. Q1: 0.43, 95%CI: 0.19-0.98; P-trend = 0.57) and glioma, after controlling for potential covariates. Conclusions: We found that dietary TAC as well as dietary intake of vitamin C, vitamin B6, and β-carotene was inversely associated with odds of glioma in adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Heydari
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shayanfar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giuve Sharifi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvane Saneei
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Omid Sadeghi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Alizadeh S, Djafarian K, Alizadeh M, Shab-Bidar S. The relation of healthy and Western dietary patterns to the risk of endometrial and ovarian cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 90:365-375. [PMID: 30806608 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Dietary patterns have been used to explore the association between dietary factors and risk of endometrial (EC) and ovarian cancer (OC); however, the results are inconclusive. This meta-analysis aimed to analyze these associations. Methods: Pertinent studies published prior to March 2016 were systematically searched. The common dietary patterns were selected and adjusted risk estimates were derived by comparing the highest with the lowest categories of dietary pattern scores. Results: A total of 8 studies, 5 for endometrial cancer (1 cohort and 4 case-control studies including 2617 cases and 78082 participants/controls) and 3 for ovarian cancer (1 cohort and 2 case-control studies with 2025 cases and 101482 participants/controls) were included in this meta-analysis. A lower risk of EC was shown for the highest compared with the lowest category of the healthy dietary pattern (OR = 0.84, 95% CI: 0.72-0.98; P for heterogeneity = 0.10), whereas the Western dietary pattern was related to the higher risk of EC (OR = 1.19, 95% CI: 1.01-1.41; P for heterogeneity = 0.35). No significant relationship was found between the healthy dietary pattern (OR = 1.03, 95% CI: 0.69-1.53; P for heterogeneity = 0.01) and OC, while, adherence to the western pattern was associated with a 73% higher risk of OC (OR = 1.73, 95% CI: 1.08-2.37; P for heterogeneity = 0.06). Conclusion: A Western dietary pattern might be associated with a higher risk of endometrial and ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Alizadeh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kurosh Djafarian
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Alizadeh
- Department of Medical Surgical Nursing, Nasibeh Nursing & Midwifery School, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Sakineh Shab-Bidar
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
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Sahin K, Yenice E, Tuzcu M, Orhan C, Mizrak C, Ozercan IH, Sahin N, Yilmaz B, Bilir B, Ozpolat B, Kucuk O. Lycopene Protects Against Spontaneous Ovarian Cancer Formation in Laying Hens. J Cancer Prev 2018; 23:25-36. [PMID: 29629346 PMCID: PMC5886492 DOI: 10.15430/jcp.2018.23.1.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dietary intake of lycopene has been associated with a reduced risk of ovarian cancer, suggesting its chemopreventive potential against ovarian carcinogenesis. Lycopene's molecular mechanisms of action in ovarian cancer have not been fully understood. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effects of lycopene on the ovarian cancer formation using the laying hen model, a biologically relevant animal model of spontaneous ovarian carcinogenesis due to high incidence rates similar to humans. Methods In this study, a total of 150 laying hens at age of 102 weeks were randomized into groups of 50: a control group (0 mg of lycopene per kg of diet) and two treatment groups (200 mg or 400 mg of lycopene per kg of diet, or ~26 and 52 mg/d/hen, respectively). At the end of 12 months, blood, ovarian tissues and tumors were collected. Results We observed that lycopene supplementation significantly reduced the overall ovarian tumor incidence (P < 0.01) as well as the number and the size of the tumors (P < 0.004 and P < 0.005, respectively). Lycopene also significantly decreased the rate of adenocarcinoma, including serous and mucinous subtypes (P < 0.006). Moreover, we also found that the serum level of oxidative stress marker malondialdehyde was significantly lower in lycopene-fed hens compared to control birds (P < 0.001). Molecular analysis of the ovarian tumors revealed that lycopene reduced the expression of NF-κB while increasing the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2 and its major target protein, heme oxygenase 1. In addition, lycopene supplementation decreased the expression of STAT3 by inducing the protein inhibitor of activated STAT3 expression in the ovarian tissues. Conclusions Taken together, our findings strongly support the potential of lycopene in the chemoprevention of ovarian cancer through antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazim Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Mehmet Tuzcu
- Division of Biology, Faculty of Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Cemal Orhan
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | | | - Ibrahim H Ozercan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Nurhan Sahin
- Department of Animal Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Firat University, Elazig, Turkey
| | - Bahiddin Yilmaz
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Birdal Bilir
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Bulent Ozpolat
- Department of Experimental Therapeutics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Omer Kucuk
- Winship Cancer Institute of Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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Terry PD, Qin B, Camacho F, Moorman PG, Alberg AJ, Barnholtz-Sloan JS, Bondy M, Cote ML, Funkhouser E, Guertin KA, Peters ES, Schwartz AG, Schildkraut JM, Bandera EV. Supplemental Selenium May Decrease Ovarian Cancer Risk in African-American Women. J Nutr 2017; 147:621-627. [PMID: 28202637 PMCID: PMC5368582 DOI: 10.3945/jn.116.243279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: To our knowledge, no previous study has evaluated the associations of antioxidant intake with the risk of ovarian cancer in African-American women, who are known to have high mortality from the disease.Objective: We sought to evaluate these associations among 406 ovarian cancer cases and 632 age- and site-matched controls of African-American descent recruited from AACES (African American Cancer Epidemiology Study), a population-based, case-control study in 11 geographical areas within the United States.Methods: Multivariable logistic regression models were used to estimate ORs and 95% CIs adjusted for a wide range of potentially confounding factors, including age, region, education, parity, oral contraceptive use, menopause, tubal ligation, family history, body mass index (BMI), smoking status, total energy, and physical activity.Results: Women with the highest intakes of supplemental selenium (>20 μg/d) had an ∼30% lower risk of ovarian cancer than those with no supplemental intake (OR: 0.67; 95% CI: 0.46, 0.97; P-trend = 0.035). This inverse association was stronger in current smokers (OR: 0.13; 95% CI: 0.04, 0.46; P-trend = 0.001). There was no association with dietary selenium. The associations with carotenoid intakes were weak and nonsignificant (P = 0.07-0.60). We observed no association with dietary or supplemental intake of vitamin C or vitamin E. There were no appreciable differences in results between serous and nonserous tumors.Conclusions: These findings provide the first insights, to our knowledge, into the potential association between antioxidants and ovarian cancer in African-American women, indicating potential inverse associations with supplemental selenium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D Terry
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tennessee Medical Center, Knoxville, TN;
| | - Bo Qin
- Department of Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
| | - Fabian Camacho
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Patricia G Moorman
- Department of Community and Family Medicine, Duke Cancer Institute, Durham, NC
| | - Anthony J Alberg
- Hollings Cancer Center and Department of Public Health Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC
| | - Jill S Barnholtz-Sloan
- Case Comprehensive Cancer Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH
| | - Melissa Bondy
- Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences Program, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Michele L Cote
- Department of Oncology and the Karmanos Cancer Institute, Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | - Ellen Funkhouser
- Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL; and
| | - Kristin A Guertin
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Edward S Peters
- Epidemiology Program, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center School of Public Health, New Orleans, LA
| | - Ann G Schwartz
- Department of Oncology and the Karmanos Cancer Institute, Population Studies and Disparities Research Program, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI
| | | | - Elisa V Bandera
- Department of Population Science, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ
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9
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Pearce K, Tremellen K. Influence of nutrition on the decline of ovarian reserve and subsequent onset of natural menopause. HUM FERTIL 2016; 19:173-9. [PMID: 27430906 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2016.1205759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The early loss of ovarian reserve and subsequent menopause has a major impact on fertility potential and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, cognitive decline and mortality later in life. While many studies have reported that lifestyle factors such as diet can influence the age of onset of natural menopause, their results are often contradictory. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the influence of diet on the onset of natural menopause using a self-reported food frequency questionnaire in a cohort of 1146 pre-menopausal women followed up for an average of 12.5 years. The primary finding was that the age of natural menopause was positively correlated with dietary intake of the micronutrient β-cryptoxanthin (r(2 )=( )0.105, p < 0.001) and fruit (r(2 )=( )0.07, p = 0.01), with these relationships remaining significant even after adjustment for other known co-variants for onset of menopause (parity, BMI, physical activity level, education, smoking, energy and alcohol intake). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis confirmed that both β-cryptoxanthin and fruit intake was associated with a significant delay in the onset of natural menopause. While still acknowledging that further research is required, in the interim we would advocate that a diet containing ∼400 mcg of β-cryptoxanthin per day from fruits (mandarins, oranges and peaches) has significant potential to delay ovarian senescence by 1.3 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karma Pearce
- a School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences , University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia, Australia
| | - Kelton Tremellen
- a School of Pharmacy and Medical Sciences, Division of Health Sciences , University of South Australia , Adelaide , South Australia, Australia ;,b Department of Obstetrics Gynaecology and Reproductive Medicine , Flinders University , Bedford Park , South Australia, Australia
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10
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Li L, Zhang M, Holman CDJ. Hospital outpatients are satisfactory for case-control studies on cancer and diet in China: a comparison of population versus hospital controls. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2015; 14:2723-9. [PMID: 23803022 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2013.14.5.2723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the internal validity of a food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) developed for use in Chinese women and to compare habitual dietary intakes between population and hospital controls measured by the FFQ. MATERIALS AND METHODS A quantitative FFQ and a short food habit questionnaire (SFHQ) were developed and adapted for cancer and nutritional studies. Habitual dietary intakes were assessed in 814 Chinese women aged 18-81 years (407 outpatients and 407 population controls) by face-to-face interview using the FFQ in Shenyang, Northeast China in 2009-2010. The Goldberg formula (ratio of energy intake to basal metabolic rate, EI/BMR) was used to assess the validity of the FFQ. Correlation analyses compared the SFHQ variables with those of the quantitative FFQ. Differences in dietary intakes between hospital and population controls were investigated. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using conditional logistic regression analyses. RESULTS The partial correlation coefficients were moderate to high (0.42 to 0.80; all p<0.05) for preserved food intake, fat consumption and tea drinking variables between the SFHQ and the FFQ. The average EI/BMR was 1.93 with 88.5% of subjects exceeding the Goldberg cut-off value of 1.35. Hospital controls were comparable to population controls in consumption of 17 measured food groups and mean daily intakes of energy and selected nutrients. CONCLUSIONS The FFQ had reasonable validity to measure habitual dietary intakes of Chinese women. Hospital outpatients provide a satisfactory control group for food consumption and intakes of energy and nutrients measured by the FFQ in a Chinese hospital setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Li
- School of Population Health, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Western Australia , Perth, Australia.
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11
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Murphy MM, Barraj LM, Spungen JH, Herman DR, Randolph RK. Global assessment of select phytonutrient intakes by level of fruit and vegetable consumption. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:1004-18. [PMID: 25108700 PMCID: PMC4162485 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/04/2014] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite dietary recommendations that have repeatedly underscored the importance of increasing consumption of fruits and vegetables, intakes worldwide are lower than recommended levels. Consequently, the diets of many individuals may be lacking in nutrients and phytonutrients typical of a diet rich in a variety of fruits and vegetables. In the present study, we estimated phytonutrient intakes by adults categorised by sex, level of fruit and vegetable consumption (< 5 v. ≥ 5 servings/d), and geographic diet cluster. Intakes of nine select phytonutrients were estimated from the 2002-4 World Health Survey fruit and vegetable servings intake data (n 198,637), the FAO supply utilisation accounts data, and phytonutrient concentration data obtained from the US Department of Agriculture databases and the published literature. Percentage contributions to each phytonutrient intake from fruit and vegetable sources were also estimated. Estimated intakes of phytonutrients from fruits and vegetables varied across the thirteen geographic diet clusters, reflecting regional differences in both numbers and proportions of fruit and vegetable servings consumed, and the specific types of fruits and vegetables available in the diet. The mean phytonutrient intakes by adults consuming ≥ 5 servings/d of fruits and vegetables were approximately 2- to 6-fold the mean phytonutrient intakes by adults with low fruit and vegetable consumption (< 5 servings/d). In some cases, phytonutrient intakes by adults consuming ≥ 5 servings/d of fruits and vegetables in one geographic diet cluster were lower than the intakes by adults reporting < 5 servings/d in another cluster. The findings from this assessment provide important information regarding the major dietary patterns of phytonutrient intakes across geographic diet clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary M. Murphy
- Exponent, Inc., 1150 Connecticut Avenue, Northwest, Suite 1100, Washington, DC20036, USA
| | - Leila M. Barraj
- Exponent, Inc., 1150 Connecticut Avenue, Northwest, Suite 1100, Washington, DC20036, USA
| | - Judith H. Spungen
- Exponent, Inc., 1150 Connecticut Avenue, Northwest, Suite 1100, Washington, DC20036, USA
| | - Dena R. Herman
- Department of Family and Consumer Sciences, California State University, Northridge, CA91330, USA
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12
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Zhong S, Chen L, Lv M, Ma T, Zhang X, Zhao J. Nonoccupational physical activity and risk of ovarian cancer: a meta-analysis. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11065-73. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2385-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
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13
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Meta-analysis of the association between dietary lycopene intake and ovarian cancer risk in postmenopausal women. Sci Rep 2014; 4:4885. [PMID: 24810584 PMCID: PMC5381283 DOI: 10.1038/srep04885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2014] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidence suggests the protective role of dietary lycopene against the risk of ovarian cancer due to its antioxidant activity, but not all relevant studies have deduced positive results. The aim of the present study was to investigate the exact relationship between dietary lycopene intake and ovarian cancer risk by conducting a meta-analysis. The 10 studies included in our meta-analysis were selected from the PubMed database, and final risk estimates were calculated by using a random-effects model. Our study demonstrated an insignificant reverse association between dietary lycopene and ovarian cancer risk (OR, 0.963; 95% CI, 0.859–1.080), and subgroup analysis stratified by study design, location, histological type of ovarian cancer, and length of dietary recall showed no statistically significant results. No heterogeneity was observed (p = 0.336, I2 = 11.6%). Our present meta-analysis suggests the potential role of dietary lycopene against the risk of ovarian cancer among postmenopausal women, which provides opportunity for developments in the prevention of ovarian cancer.
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14
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Ermakov IV, Ermakova MR, Bernstein PS, Chan GM, Gellermann W. Resonance Raman based skin carotenoid measurements in newborns and infants. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2013; 6:793-802. [PMID: 23193015 PMCID: PMC4138409 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201200195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 10/30/2012] [Accepted: 11/08/2012] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We describe Resonance Raman based skin carotenoid measurements in newborns and infants. Skin- and serum carotenoid levels correlate with high statistical significance in healthy newborns and infants, and with reduced accuracy also in prematurely born infants, who in general feature very low carotenoid levels and thin transparent skin giving rise to large background absorption effects. Skin carotenoid levels can be easily compared among subjects and/or tracked in longitudinal studies with the highly molecule-specific Raman method. It therefore holds promise as a rapid, non-invasive, carotenoid antioxidant assessment method for newborns and infants in the field of pediatrics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor V. Ermakov
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Maia R. Ermakova
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Paul S. Bernstein
- Department of Ophthalmology, Moran Eye Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA
| | - Gary M. Chan
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Utah Health Science Center, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Werner Gellermann
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
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15
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Ma SH, Kim BG, Choi JY, Kim TJ, Kim YM, Kim JW, Kang S, Kang D, Yoo KY, Park SK. Korean epithelial ovarian cancer study (Ko-EVE): protocols and interim report. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2013; 13:3731-40. [PMID: 23098463 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2012.13.8.3731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been few studies of Asian ovarian cancer and benign tumors. The primary aim of this paper was to report the protocol of the Ko-EVE study to examine epidemiological and molecular factors for ovarian cancer and benign neoplasms and to ascertain the major risk factors for ovarian cancer control in Korea. METHODS This case-control study covers incident epithelial ovarian cancers and benign neoplasms, four major centers participating in enrolling incident cases and 3 hospitals enrolling healthy controls among health examinees. Standardized questionnaires were administered by trained interviewers, including sections on socio-demographics characteristics, past medical history, medication usage, family history, lifetime consumption of alcohol and tobacco, diet, physical activity, and reproductive factors for women. Various biological specimens were collected in the biorepository according to the standardized protocol. Annual follow-up for cancer cases and follow-up at the 1st year for benign tumor cases are performing to evaluate treatment effect and progression. Passive follow to see long-term survival will be conducting using record linkage with national data. RESULTS The total number recruited in 2010-2011 was 246 epithelial ovarian cancer cases, 362 benign epithelial tumors and 345 controls. We are planning to collect subjects for at least 1,500 sets of ovarian cancer, 2,000 benign tumors and 1,500 controls till 2018. CONCLUSION The Ko-EVE will provide unique and important data to probe the etiology and natural history of Korean epithelial ovarian cancer. It will be continued by genomic and proteomic epidemiological analyses and future intervention studies for the prevention of ovarian cancer among Koreans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Hyun Ma
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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16
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Scarmo S, Henebery K, Peracchio H, Cartmel B, Lin H, Ermakov IV, Gellermann W, Bernstein PS, Duffy VB, Mayne ST. Skin carotenoid status measured by resonance Raman spectroscopy as a biomarker of fruit and vegetable intake in preschool children. Eur J Clin Nutr 2012; 66:555-60. [PMID: 22434053 PMCID: PMC3380427 DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2012.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Revised: 12/22/2011] [Accepted: 02/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE Dietary assessment in children is difficult, suggesting a need to develop more objective biomarkers of intake. Resonance Raman spectroscopy (RRS) is a non-invasive, validated method of measuring carotenoid status in skin as a biomarker of fruit/vegetable intake. The purpose of this study was to examine the feasibility of using RRS in preschool children, to describe inter-individual variability in skin carotenoid status and to identify factors associated with the biomarker in this population. SUBJECTS/METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study of 381 economically disadvantaged preschoolers in urban centers in Connecticut (USA). In all, 85.5% were black non-Hispanic or Hispanic/Latino, and 14.1% were obese and 16.9% were overweight by age- and sex-specific body mass index (BMI) percentiles. Children had their skin carotenoid status assessed by RRS in the palm of the hand. Fruit/vegetable consumption was assessed by a brief parent/guardian-completed food frequency screener and a liking survey. RESULTS We observed inter-individual variation in RRS values that was nearly normally distributed. In multiple regression analysis, higher carotenoid status, measured by RRS, was positively associated with fruit/vegetable consumption (P=0.02) and fruit/vegetable preference (P<0.01). Lower carotenoid status was observed among younger children, those participating in the US Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program, and those with greater adiposity (P<0.05 for all). CONCLUSIONS We observed wide variability in skin carotenoid status in a population of young children, as assessed by RRS. Parent-reported fruit/vegetable intake and several demographic factors were significantly associated with RRS-measured skin carotenoid status. We recommend further development of this biomarker in children, including evaluating response to controlled interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Scarmo
- Yale School of Public Health, Division of Chronic Disease Epidemiology, New Haven, CT 10016-3240, USA.
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17
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Oppeneer SJ, Robien K. Tea consumption and epithelial ovarian cancer risk: a systematic review of observational studies. Nutr Cancer 2011; 63:817-26. [PMID: 21800977 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2011.594210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the seventh most common type of cancer in the United States and is often not diagnosed until late stages. Thus, identifying potential risk factors and prevention strategies is particularly important. This systematic review analyzes existing evidence on the association between tea consumption and epithelial ovarian cancer risk in human observational studies. PubMed was searched through September 30, 2010 for eligible articles; 16 articles met the inclusion criteria for this systematic review. Five studies found overall tea intake to be associated with a decreased epithelial ovarian cancer risk, 1 found a borderline decreased risk, 9 found no association, and 1 found a borderline increased risk. Overall, it does not appear that tea consumption increases risk of ovarian cancer, but there is insufficient evidence at this point to conclude that it is protective against ovarian cancer. Many of the studies included in this review had important limitations, especially related to the lack of detailed data collected on tea consumption. Further research is needed and should focus on more detailed assessment of type of tea consumed, frequency, and duration of tea intake. Future studies should also explore potential differences in the association between tea intake and ovarian cancer risk among subpopulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Oppeneer
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55454, USA
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18
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Sato Y, Kobayashi M, Itagaki S, Hirano T, Noda T, Mizuno S, Sugawara M, Iseki K. Pharmacokinetic properties of lutein emulsion after oral administration to rats and effect of food intake on plasma concentration of lutein. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2011; 32:151-8. [DOI: 10.1002/bdd.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2010] [Revised: 10/29/2010] [Accepted: 12/26/2010] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Abstract
Lycopene is a non-provitamin A carotenoid that is responsible for the red to pink colors seen in tomatoes, pink grapefruit, and other foods. Processed tomato products are the primary dietary lycopene source in the United States. Unlike many other natural compounds, lycopene is generally stable to processing when present in the plant tissue matrix. Recently, lycopene has also been studied in relation to its potential health effects. Although promising data from epidemiological, as well as cell culture and animal, studies suggest that lycopene and the consumption of lycopene containing foods may affect cancer or cardiovascular disease risk, more clinical trial data is needed to support this hypothesis. In addition, future studies are required to understand the mechanism(s) whereby lycopene or its metabolites are proven to possess biological activity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica N. Story
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
| | - Rachel E. Kopec
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary PhD program in Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Steven J. Schwartz
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Interdisciplinary PhD program in Human Nutrition, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - G. Keith Harris
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutrition Sciences at North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695
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Musa-Veloso K, Card JW, Wong AW, Cooper DA. Influence of observational study design on the interpretation of cancer risk reduction by carotenoids. Nutr Rev 2009; 67:527-45. [PMID: 19703260 DOI: 10.1111/j.1753-4887.2009.00225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently published literature has been reviewed to determine whether lycopene, beta-carotene, alpha-carotene, and beta-cryptoxanthin are associated with reductions in cancer risk and whether study findings differ by study design. A total of 57 publications meeting pre-defined inclusion and exclusion criteria were identified, with the majority (55) being observational studies. None of the intervention studies supported a significant reduction in cancer risk with carotenoid (beta-carotene) supplementation. The majority of observational studies did not support significant reductions in cancer risk with increased carotenoid dietary intakes/circulating levels. A larger percentage of case-control studies supported significant associations between increased dietary intakes/circulating levels of carotenoids relative to prospective (cohort and nested case-control) studies. Compared to prospective studies, case-control studies cannot be used to establish temporality and may be more susceptible to selection and recall biases. Thus, diet-disease relationships suggested by case-control studies should ideally be confirmed by additional evidence from prospective studies.
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Thomson CA, Neuhouser ML, Shikany JM, Caan BJ, Monk BJ, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Sarto G, Parker LM, Modugno F, Anderson GL. The role of antioxidants and vitamin A in ovarian cancer: results from the Women's Health Initiative. Nutr Cancer 2009; 60:710-9. [PMID: 19005970 DOI: 10.1080/01635580802233983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Antioxidant nutrients and carotenoids have been inconsistently associated with ovarian cancer risk. We examined the relationship between intake of dietary and supplemental antioxidant nutrients including vitamins C, E, and selenium as well as carotenoids and vitamin A and ovarian cancer in 133,614 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) study. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire, and ovarian cancer endpoints were centrally adjudicated. Cox regression models were used to estimate the risk for invasive ovarian cancer in relation to each of the antioxidant nutrients and carotenoids under consideration using models stratified for a WHI study component. A total of 451 cases of invasive ovarian cancer were diagnosed over 8.3 yr of follow-up. Dietary intake at baseline was not significantly different for cases vs. controls. Cases reported greater intake of supplemental vitamin C (358.0 mg/day vs. 291.6 mg/day, respectively; P = 0.024). Multivariate modeling (P for trend) of the risk for developing ovarian cancer did not suggest any significant relationships among dietary factors and ovarian cancer risk. The results from this prospective study of well-nourished, postmenopausal women suggest that intake of dietary antioxidants, carotenoids, and vitamin A are not associated with a reduction in ovarian cancer risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia A Thomson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Arizona Cancer Center, The University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA.
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Paek YJ. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine for Cancer Prevention. JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN MEDICAL ASSOCIATION 2008. [DOI: 10.5124/jkma.2008.51.5.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jin Paek
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University College of Medicine, Korea.
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