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Lee ZJ, Xie C, Duan X, Ng K, Suleria HAR. Optimization of Ultrasonic Extraction Parameters for the Recovery of Phenolic Compounds in Brown Seaweed: Comparison with Conventional Techniques. Antioxidants (Basel) 2024; 13:409. [PMID: 38671858 PMCID: PMC11047748 DOI: 10.3390/antiox13040409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Seaweed, in particular, brown seaweed, has gained research interest in the past few years due to its distinctive phenolic profile that has a multitude of bioactive properties. In order to obtain the maximum extraction efficiency of brown seaweed phenolic compounds, Response Surface Methodology was utilized to optimize the ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) conditions such as the amplitude, time, solvent:solid ratio, and NaOH concentration. Under optimal conditions, UAE had a higher extraction efficiency of free and bound phenolic compounds compared to conventional extraction (stirred 16 h at 4 °C). This led to higher antioxidant activity in the seaweed extract obtained under UAE conditions. The profiling of phenolic compounds using LC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS identified a total of 25 phenolics with more phenolics extracted from the free phenolic extraction compared to the bound phenolic extracts. Among them, peonidin 3-O-diglucodise-5-O-glucoside and hesperidin 5,7-O-diglucuronide are unique compounds that were identified in P. comosa, E. radiata and D. potatorum, which are not reported in plants. Overall, our findings provided optimal phenolic extraction from brown seaweed for research into employing brown seaweed as a functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Hafiz A. R. Suleria
- School of Agriculture, Food and Ecosystem Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3052, Australia; (Z.J.L.); (C.X.); (X.D.); (K.N.)
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2
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Elnawasany S, Haggag YA, Shalaby SM, Soliman NA, EL Saadany AA, Ibrahim MAA, Badria F. Anti-cancer effect of nano-encapsulated boswellic acids, curcumin and naringenin against HepG-2 cell line. BMC Complement Med Ther 2023; 23:270. [PMID: 37516826 PMCID: PMC10386659 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-023-04096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND liver cancer is one of the most common cancers in the world. So far, there is no gold standard treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma. We conducted this in vitro study to assess the effect of three natural products: Boswellic acids, curcumin and naringin versus corresponding nanoparticles (NPs) on Hep G2 cells proliferation. METHODS Boswellic acid, curcumin, naringin-loaded NPs were prepared using nanoprecipitation method. Human liver (HepG2) cell line was cultured in Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM). The cell growth inhibition and cytotoxicity were evaluated by MTT assay. RESULTS Boswellic acid, curcumin, naringin were able to inhibit HepG2 cells proliferation. IC50 at 24 h, 48 h showed significant lower values in NPs versus Free herbs. IC50 values of free Boswellic acids and NPs at 24 h were (24.60 ± 1.89 and 7.78 ± 0.54, P < 0.001), at 48 h were (22.45 ± 1.13 and 5.58 ± 0.27, P < 0.001) respectively. IC50 values of free curcumin and NPs at 24 h were (5.89 ± 0.8 and 3.46 ± 0.23, P < 0.05), at 48 h were (5.57 ± 0.94 and 2.51 ± 0.11, P < 0.05), respectively. For free and naringenin NPs, IC50 values at 24 h were (14.57 ± 1.78 and 7.25 ± 0.17, P < 0.01), at 48 h were (11.37 ± 1.45 and 5.21 ± 0.18, P < 0.01) respectively. CONCLUSION Boswellic acid, curcumin, naringin and their nanoprecipitation prepared nanoparticles suppressed Hep G2 cells proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally Elnawasany
- Tropical Medicine Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, 31111 Egypt
| | - Yusuf A. Haggag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Shahinaz M. Shalaby
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Nema A. Soliman
- Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Amira A. EL Saadany
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Marwa A. A. Ibrahim
- Histology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Gharbia, Egypt
| | - Farid Badria
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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3
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Junaid M, Basak B, Akter Y, Afrose SS, Nahrin A, Emran R, Shahinozzaman M, Tawata S. Sakuranetin and its therapeutic potentials - a comprehensive review. Z NATURFORSCH C 2023; 78:27-48. [PMID: 35844107 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2022-0024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Sakuranetin (SKN), a naturally derived 7-O-methylated flavonoid, was first identified in the bark of the cherry tree (Prunus spp.) as an aglycone of sakuranin and then purified from the bark of Prunus puddum. It was later reported in many other plants including Artemisia campestris, Boesenbergia pandurata, Baccharis spp., Betula spp., Juglans spp., and Rhus spp. In plants, it functions as a phytoalexin synthesized from its precursor naringenin and is the only known phenolic phytoalexin in rice, which is released in response to different abiotic and biotic stresses such as UV-irradiation, jasmonic acid, cupric chloride, L-methionine, and the phytotoxin coronatine. Till date, SKN has been widely reported for its diverse pharmacological benefits including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimycobacterial, antiviral, antifungal, antileishmanial, antitrypanosomal, glucose uptake stimulation, neuroprotective, antimelanogenic, and antitumor properties. Its pharmacokinetics and toxicological properties have been poorly understood, thus warranting further evaluation together with exploring other pharmacological properties such as antidiabetic, neuroprotective, and antinociceptive effects. Besides, in vivo studies or clinical investigations can be done for proving its effects as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory, antimelanogenic, and antitumor agent. This review summarizes all the reported investigations with SKN for its health-beneficial roles and can be used as a guideline for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Junaid
- Natural Products Research Division, Advanced Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Data Science Laboratory, Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4226, Bangladesh
| | - Bristy Basak
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, Bangladesh
| | - Yeasmin Akter
- Natural Products Research Division, Advanced Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Data Science Laboratory, Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4226, Bangladesh.,Department of Biotechnology & Genetic Engineering, Noakhali Science & Technology University, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Syeda Samira Afrose
- Natural Products Research Division, Advanced Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Data Science Laboratory, Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4226, Bangladesh
| | - Afsana Nahrin
- Natural Products Research Division, Advanced Bioinformatics, Computational Biology and Data Science Laboratory, Bangladesh, Chattogram, 4226, Bangladesh.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, North South University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Rashiduzzaman Emran
- Bioscience and Bioinformatics Research Center (BBRC), 5/2, Shehora, Dhaka Road, Mymensingh, 2200, Bangladesh.,Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE), Khamarbari, Farmgate, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh
| | - Md Shahinozzaman
- The Red-Green Research Centre, Tejgaon, Dhaka, 1215, Bangladesh.,PAK Research Center, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa, Japan
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4
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Visvanathan R, Williamson G. Review of factors affecting citrus polyphenol bioavailability and their importance in designing in vitro, animal, and intervention studies. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:4509-4545. [PMID: 36183163 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Evidence from in vitro, animal, and human studies links citrus fruit consumption with several health-promoting effects. However, many in vitro studies disregard bioavailability data, a key factor determining responses in humans. Citrus (poly)phenol metabolism and bioavailability follow specific pathways that vary widely among individuals and are affected by several intrinsic (age, sex, gut microbiota, metabolic state, genetic polymorphisms) and extrinsic (food matrix, co-consumed food, (poly)phenol solubility, dose, food processing, lifestyle) factors. The gut microbiota is crucial to both absorption of citrus (poly)phenols and the production of catabolites, and absorption of both takes place mostly in the colon. Citrus (poly)phenol absorption can reach up to 100% in some individuals when the sum of the gut microbiota products are taken into account. This review emphasizes the importance of understanding citrus (poly)phenol absorption, metabolism, and bioavailability using evidence primarily derived from human studies in designing in vitro, animal, and further human clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rizliya Visvanathan
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
| | - Gary Williamson
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, Australia
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5
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Ding S, Wang P, Pang X, Zhang L, Qian L, Jia X, Chen W, Ruan S, Sun L. The new exploration of pure total flavonoids extracted from Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. as a new therapeutic agent to bring health benefits for people. Front Nutr 2022; 9:958329. [PMID: 36276813 PMCID: PMC9582534 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.958329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The peel and fruit of Citrus varieties have been a raw material for some traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Pure total flavonoids from Citrus maxima (Burm.) Merr. (PTFC), including naringin, hesperidin, narirutin, and neohesperidin, have been attracted increasing attention for their multiple clinical efficacies. Based on existing in vitro and in vivo research, this study systematically reviewed the biological functions of PTFC and its components in preventing or treating liver metabolic diseases, cardiovascular diseases, intestinal barrier dysfunction, as well as malignancies. PTFC and its components are capable of regulating glycolipid metabolism, blocking peroxidation and persistent inflammation, inhibiting tumor progression, protecting the integrity of intestinal barrier and positively regulating intestinal microbiota, while the differences in fruit cultivation system, picking standard, manufacturing methods, delivery system and individual intestinal microecology will have impact on the specific therapeutic effect. Thus, PTFC is a promising drug for the treatment of some chronic diseases, as well as continuous elaborate investigations are necessary to improve its effectiveness and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuning Ding
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Peipei Wang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xi Pang
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leyin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China
| | - Lihui Qian
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinru Jia
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wenqian Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shanming Ruan
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China,Shanming Ruan,
| | - Leitao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China,*Correspondence: Leitao Sun,
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6
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Manthey JA, Ferreira PS, Cesar TB. Influences of Solubility and Vehicle Carriers on Eriodictyol Pharmacokinetics in Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4667-4676. [PMID: 35394285 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, the pharmacokinetics of oral doses of eriodictyol in 1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose and in saline/PEG400/Tween80 (75/20/5, v/v/v) in rats were compared. The pharmacokinetics of eriocitrin administered as a dissolved solution in water were also characterized. Metabolites of eriodictyol and eriocitrin in whole blood consisted mainly of eriodictyol, homoeriodictyol, and hesperetin glucuronides and ring-fission metabolites. In whole blood, no free nonconjugated flavanone aglycones were detected. Significant differences were observed in the pharmacokinetics of eriodictyol administered as a suspension in 1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose versus administration as a dissolved solution in saline/PEG400/Tween80 (75/20/5, v/v/v). At a dose of 25 mg kg-1 eriodictyol administered with 1% sodium carboxymethylcellulose, a biphasic pharmacokinetic curve was observed, while only a single concentration peak was observed following an administration of 25 mg kg-1 eriodictyol dissolved in saline/PEG400/Tween80 (75/20/5, v/v/v). For all trials, the pharmacokinetics of eriodictyol differed from those of eriocitrin dissolved in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- John A Manthey
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2001 S. Rock Road, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, United States
| | - Paula S Ferreira
- U.S. Horticultural Research Laboratory, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, 2001 S. Rock Road, Fort Pierce, Florida 34945, United States
- Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
| | - Thais B Cesar
- Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara 14800-903, SP, Brazil
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7
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Polia F, Pastor-Belda M, Martínez-Blázquez A, Horcajada MN, Tomás-Barberán FA, García-Villalba R. Technological and Biotechnological Processes To Enhance the Bioavailability of Dietary (Poly)phenols in Humans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:2092-2107. [PMID: 35156799 PMCID: PMC8880379 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of (poly)phenols (PPs) depend upon their bioavailability that, in general, is very low and shows a high interindividual variability. The low bioavailability of PPs is mainly attributed to their low absorption in the upper gastrointestinal tract as a result of their low water solubility, their presence in foods as polymers or in glycosylated forms, and their tight bond to food matrices. Although many studies have investigated how technological and biotechnological processes affect the phenolic composition of fruits and vegetables, limited information exists regarding their effects on PP bioavailability in humans. In the present review, the effect of food processing (mechanical, thermal, and non-thermal treatments), oral-delivery nanoformulations, enzymatic hydrolysis, fermentation, co-administration with probiotics, and generation of postbiotics in PP bioavailability have been overviewed, focusing in the evidence provided in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franck Polia
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología
y Biología Aplicada del Segura−Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CEBAS−CSIC), Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Marta Pastor-Belda
- Department
of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Regional Campus of
International Excellence “Campus Mare Nostrum”, University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Martínez-Blázquez
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología
y Biología Aplicada del Segura−Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CEBAS−CSIC), Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología
y Biología Aplicada del Segura−Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CEBAS−CSIC), Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
| | - Rocío García-Villalba
- Laboratory
of Food & Health, Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity
of Plant Foods, Centro de Edafología
y Biología Aplicada del Segura−Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (CEBAS−CSIC), Campus de Espinardo 25, 30100 Murcia, Spain
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8
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Yap KM, Sekar M, Wu YS, Gan SH, Rani NNIM, Seow LJ, Subramaniyan V, Fuloria NK, Fuloria S, Lum PT. Hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin in breast cancer therapy: A review of recent developments and future prospects. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:6730-6747. [PMID: 34866972 PMCID: PMC8626310 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer (BC) has high incidence and mortality rates, making it a major global health issue. BC treatment has been challenging due to the presence of drug resistance and the limited availability of therapeutic options for triple-negative and metastatic BC, thereby urging the exploration of more effective anti-cancer agents. Hesperidin and its aglycone hesperetin, two flavonoids from citrus species, have been extensively evaluated for their anti-cancer potentials. In this review, available literatures on the chemotherapeutic and chemosensitising activities of hesperidin and hesperetin in preclinical BC models are reported. The safety and bioavailability of hesperidin and hesperetin as well as the strategies to enhance their bioavailability are also discussed. Overall, hesperidin and hesperetin can inhibit cell proliferation, migration and BC stem cells as well as induce apoptosis and cell cycle arrest in vitro. They can also inhibit tumour growth, metastasis and neoplastic changes in tissue architecture in vivo. Moreover, the co-administration of hesperidin or hesperetin with doxorubicin, letrozole or tamoxifen can enhance the efficacies of these clinically available agents. These chemotherapeutic and chemosensitising activities of hesperidin and hesperetin have been linked to several mechanisms, including the modulation of signalling pathways, glucose uptake, enzymes, miRNA expression, oxidative status, cell cycle regulatory proteins, tumour suppressor p53, plasma and liver lipid profiles as well as DNA repair mechanisms. However, poor water solubility, extensive phase II metabolism and apical efflux have posed limitations to the bioavailability of hesperidin and hesperetin. Various strategies for bioavailability enhancement have been studied, including the utilisation of nano-based drug delivery systems and the co-administration of hesperetin with other flavonoids. In particular, nanoformulated hesperidin and hesperetin possess greater chemotherapeutic and chemosensitising activities than free compounds. Despite promising preclinical results, further safety and efficacy evaluation of hesperidin and hesperetin as well as their nanoformulations in clinical trials is required to ascertain their potentials to be developed as clinically useful agents for BC treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kah Min Yap
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh - 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Mahendran Sekar
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh - 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Yuan Seng Wu
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Selangor - 42610, Malaysia
| | - Siew Hua Gan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Bandar Sunway - 47500, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nur Najihah Izzati Mat Rani
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh - 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Lay Jing Seow
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh - 30450, Perak, Malaysia
| | | | | | | | - Pei Teng Lum
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Universiti Kuala Lumpur Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh - 30450, Perak, Malaysia
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Nanotechnology Applications of Flavonoids for Viral Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13111895. [PMID: 34834309 PMCID: PMC8625292 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13111895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed the emergence of several viral diseases, including various zoonotic diseases such as the current pandemic caused by the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Other viruses, which possess pandemic-causing potential include avian flu, Ebola, dengue, Zika, and Nipah virus, as well as the re-emergence of SARS (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome) and MERS (Middle East Respiratory Syndrome) coronaviruses. Notably, effective drugs or vaccines against these viruses are still to be discovered. All the newly approved vaccines against the SARS-CoV-2-induced disease COVID-19 possess real-time possibility of becoming obsolete because of the development of ‘variants of concern’. Flavonoids are being increasingly recognized as prophylactic and therapeutic agents against emerging and old viral diseases. Around 10,000 natural flavonoid compounds have been identified, being phytochemicals, all plant-based. Flavonoids have been reported to have lesser side effects than conventional anti-viral agents and are effective against more viral diseases than currently used anti-virals. Despite their abundance in plants, which are a part of human diet, flavonoids have the problem of low bioavailability. Various attempts are in progress to increase the bioavailability of flavonoids, one of the promising fields being nanotechnology. This review is a narrative of some anti-viral dietary flavonoids, their bioavailability, and various means with an emphasis on the nanotechnology system(s) being experimented with to deliver anti-viral flavonoids, whose systems show potential in the efficient delivery of flavonoids, resulting in increased bioavailability.
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10
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Wu F, Lei H, Chen G, Chen C, Song Y, Cao Z, Zhang C, Zhang C, Zhou J, Lu Y, Zhang L. In Vitro and In Vivo Studies Reveal that Hesperetin-7- O-glucoside, a Naturally Occurring Monoglucoside, Exhibits Strong Anti-inflammatory Capacity. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:12753-12762. [PMID: 34693717 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c05793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Hesperetin-7-O-glucoside (Hes-7-G) is a naturally occurring flavonoid monoglucoside in Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium and exhibits relatively high biological activities. To explore the anti-inflammatory capacity of dietary Hes-7-G, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages and dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colitis mice were used here as in vitro and in vivo inflammation models. The results showed that Hes-7-G (5 μM) significantly restored cellular metabolic disorders and inflammation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages. In the in vivo study, dietary Hes-7-G (1 mg/kg body weight) markedly alleviated the inflammatory status in DSS-induced colitis mice, manifested by the recovered colon length from 5.91 ± 0.66 to 6.45 ± 0.17 cm, histopathological changes, and mRNA levels of colonic inflammatory factors including Tnf-α and Il-22. Furthermore, dietary Hes-7-G not only profoundly regulated the gut microbiota composition including phyla Bacteroidetes, Cyanobacteria, Desulfobacterota, and Deferribacteres and genus Enterorhabdus, Prevotellaceae, Gastranaerophilales, Enterococcus, Intestinimonas, Ruminococcaceae, and Eubacterium in the cecal contents but also especially adjusted the co-metabolites such as short chain fatty acids and indole metabolites (indole-3-propionic, indole acetic acid), which were markedly altered by DSS treatment in mice. These findings demonstrated that Hes-7-G has strong anti-inflammatory activity in vitro and in vivo and potential preventive or therapeutic effects for chronic inflammation diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Hehua Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Gui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuchen Song
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Ce Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Cui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Golden Health (Guangdong) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Foshan 528225, China
- Engineering Research Academy of High Value Utilization of Green Plants, Meizhou 514021, China
| | - Yujing Lu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Engineering Research Academy of High Value Utilization of Green Plants, Meizhou 514021, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- Engineering Research Academy of High Value Utilization of Green Plants, Meizhou 514021, China
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Visvanathan R, Williamson G. Effect of citrus fruit and juice consumption on risk of developing type 2 diabetes: Evidence on polyphenols from epidemiological and intervention studies. Trends Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2021.06.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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12
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Pandey P, Khan F. A mechanistic review of the anticancer potential of hesperidin, a natural flavonoid from citrus fruits. Nutr Res 2021; 92:21-31. [PMID: 34273640 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2021.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Hesperidin, a phytoactive compound, is an abundant and economical dietary bioflavonoid possessing numerous biological and medicinal benefits. Several studies have strongly proven the significant chemotherapeutic potential of hesperidin. Therefore, this review aims to bring together the existing studies demonstrating hesperidin as a potential anticancer agent with its mode of action reported in the therapeutic strategies for numerous cancer types. Hesperidin acts via modulating multiple pathways involving cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, antiangiogenic, antimetastatic and DNA repair in various cancer cells. Hesperidin has been reported to alter several molecular targets related to carcinogenesis, such as reactive nitrogen species, cellular kinases, transcription factors, reactive oxygen species, drug transporters, cell cycle mediators and inflammatory cytokines. Collectively, this review provides significant insights for the potential of hesperidin to be a strong and promising candidate for pharmaceuticals, functional foods, dietary supplements, nutraceuticals and geared toward the better management of carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratibha Pandey
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India
| | - Fahad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, Noida Institute of Engineering & Technology, 19, Knowledge Park-II, Institutional Area, Greater Noida, 201306, India.
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13
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Akamo AJ, Rotimi SO, Akinloye DI, Ugbaja RN, Adeleye OO, Dosumu OA, Eteng OE, Amah G, Obijeku A, Cole OE. Naringin prevents cyclophosphamide-induced hepatotoxicity in rats by attenuating oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation. Food Chem Toxicol 2021; 153:112266. [PMID: 33992719 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2021.112266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2020] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CYCP), a synthetic alkylating antineoplastic, disrupts both cancerous and non-cancerous cells to cause cancer regression and multi organotoxicity respectively. CYCP-induced hepatotoxicity is rare but possible. Evidence has shown that naringin has several beneficial potentials against oxidative stress, inflammation, and fibrosis. This study examined the chemoprotective potentials of naringin on exited radical scavenging, hepatic integrity, oxidative stress, fibrosis, and inflammation in CYCP-mediated hepatotoxicity. Rats were pre-treated orally by gavage for fourteen consecutive days with three doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg) of naringin before single CYCP (200 mg/kg, i.p.) administration. Subsequently, the rats were euthanized; blood and liver were removed, and assessed for serum and hepatic enzymes, oxidative stress, inflammation, and gene expression dynamics. Naringin concentrations required for 50% scavenging hydroxyl radical and 2,2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) radical cation were 0.32 mg/mL and 0.39 mg/mL, respectively. Pretreatment with naringin significantly (p < 0.05) abolish CYCP-induced changes in the activities of serum and hepatic ALT, AST, GGT, ALP, and LDH. Pretreatment with naringin remarkably (p < 0.05) reversed CYCP-mediated increases in hepatic levels of malondialdehyde, hydroperoxide, and nitric oxide; reverse CYCP-induced decreases in the hepatic glutathione levels, activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase; and also attenuated CYCP-induced upregulation of expression of hepatic chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2), interferon alpha1 (IFN-α1), interleukine-1β, interleukine-1 receptor, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Taken together, different doses of naringin can prevent CYCP-induced oxidants generation, hepatocytes dysfunctions, oxidative stress as well as inflammatory perturbations in rats when pre-administered for as few as 14 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adio J Akamo
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria.
| | - Solomon O Rotimi
- Biochemistry Unit and Molecular Biology Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Dorcas I Akinloye
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Regina N Ugbaja
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwagbemiga O Adeleye
- Department of Animal Production and Health, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin A Dosumu
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ofem E Eteng
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Gogonte Amah
- Department of Biochemistry, Benjamin Carson (SRN) School of Medicine, Babcock University, Ilisan, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Augustine Obijeku
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Oluwatosin E Cole
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Ogun State, Nigeria
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14
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Miles EA, Calder PC. Effects of Citrus Fruit Juices and Their Bioactive Components on Inflammation and Immunity: A Narrative Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:712608. [PMID: 34249019 PMCID: PMC8264544 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.712608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The immune system provides defence to the host against pathogenic organisms. A weak immune system increases susceptibility to infections and allows infections to become more severe. One component of the immune response is inflammation. Where inflammation is excessive or uncontrolled it can damage host tissues and cause pathology. Limitation of oxidative stress is one means of controlling inflammation. Citrus fruit juices are a particularly good source of vitamin C and folate, which both have roles in sustaining the integrity of immunological barriers and in supporting the function of many types of immune cell including phagocytes, natural killer cells, T-cells and B-cells. Vitamin C is an antioxidant and reduces aspects of the inflammatory response. Important bioactive polyphenols in citrus fruit juices include hesperidin, narirutin and naringin. Hesperidin is a glycoside of hesperetin while narirutin and naringin are glycosides of naringenin. Hesperidin, hesperetin, naringenin, naringin and narirutin have all been found to have anti-inflammatory effects in model systems, and human trials of hesperidin report reductions in inflammatory markers. In humans, orange juice was shown to limit the post-prandial inflammation induced by a high fat-high carbohydrate meal. Consuming orange juice daily for a period of weeks has been reported to reduce markers of inflammation, including C-reactive protein, as confirmed through a recent meta-analysis. A newly emerging topic is whether polyphenols from orange juice have direct anti-viral effects. In summary, micronutrients and other bioactives present in citrus fruit juices have established roles in controlling oxidative stress and inflammation and in supporting innate and acquired immune responses. Trials in humans demonstrate that orange juice reduces inflammation; its effects on innate and acquired immunity require further exploration in well-designed trials in appropriate population sub-groups such as older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth A Miles
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Philip C Calder
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom.,National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton National Health Service (NHS) Foundation Trust and University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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15
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Fahmy A, Abuelenain GL, Rasheed N, Abdou A. 'de Novo' repurposing of Daflon as anti-intestinal parasitic drug in experimental giardiasis. Exp Parasitol 2021; 226-227:108124. [PMID: 34139241 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2021.108124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2020] [Revised: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a necessity to develop or discover an alternative drug to combat the drug resistance by Giardia duodenalis and minimize the multiple doses and frequency of the conventional drug administration. Progressive repositioning or 'repurposing' of drugs has become widespread due to economic circumstances and medical emergency needs. Daflon 500 mg (DFL) is a natural product used safely as a nutrient supplement and an antidiabetic drug in many European countries and the US. OBJECTIVE This study aimed at investigating the efficiency of DFL, in vivo, in a murine model as a safe alternative or co-drug for giardiasis. MATERIALS AND METHODS Swiss Albino mice (n = 32) were inoculated with 1X104Giardia cysts and assigned to four groups: One group was the infected non-treated control mice and three experimental groups that were treated differently, either with Metronidazole (MTZ), DFL, or combined therapy of DFL/MTZ. Also, eight normal mice served as a control group. All mice were sacrificed 13 days post-infection for the parasitic, histopathological, and oxidative stress analysis. RESULTS MTZ, DFL, and the combined therapy significantly reduced the number of trophozoites and cysts compared to their counterparts of the infected mice. The histopathological analysis of the small intestines of the mice treated with the combined therapy retained typical intestinal architecture and normal levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione. CONCLUSION This study indicated promising actions of Daflon 500 as an anti-giardial drug, and the results demonstrated its potential effect in improving the intestinal epithelial tissue and disturbing the Giardia stages when it was taken collectively with Metronidazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azza Fahmy
- Parasitology Lab, Department of Immunology and Drug Evaluation, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Egypt
| | - Gehan Labib Abuelenain
- Parasitology Lab, Department of Immunology and Drug Evaluation, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Imbaba, Egypt.
| | | | - Amr Abdou
- Microbiology and Immunology Department, NRC, Giza, Egypt
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16
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17
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Zhang M, Zhu S, Yang W, Huang Q, Ho CT. The biological fate and bioefficacy of citrus flavonoids: bioavailability, biotransformation, and delivery systems. Food Funct 2021; 12:3307-3323. [PMID: 33735339 DOI: 10.1039/d0fo03403g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Citrus fruits are among the most popularly consumed fruits worldwide, including oranges, grapefruits, pomelos and lemons. Citrus flavonoids such as hesperidin, naringin and nobiletin have shown an array of health benefits in cell, animal and clinical studies, including antioxidative, anti-inflammatory, neuroprotective, anticancer, and anti-obesity activities. Citrus flavonoids have limited bioavailability after oral administration, leaving the major part unabsorbed and persisted in the colon. Recent studies have highlighted the important role of the gut microbiota and in vivo biotransformation on the bioactivity of citrus flavonoids. This article discusses the biological fate of citrus flavonoids from the viewpoint of their absorption, distribution, metabolism and excretion in vivo. Many delivery systems have been designed to enhance the oral bioavailability of citrus flavonoids, such as emulsions, self-emulsifying systems, nanoparticles and solid dispersions. The ultimate goal of these delivery systems is to enhance the bioefficacy of citrus flavonoids. Several studies have found that the increased bioavailability leads to enhanced bioefficacy of citrus flavonoids in specific animal models. Regarding the complex dynamics of citrus flavonoids and gut microbiota, the bioavailability-bioactivity relationship is an interesting but under-discussed area. Comprehensively understanding the biological fate and bioefficacy of citrus flavonoids would be helpful to develop functional foods with better health benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man Zhang
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, 65 Dudley Road, New Brunswick 08901, New Jersey, USA.
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18
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Wu F, Shi Z, Lei H, Chen G, Yuan P, Cao Z, Chen C, Zhu X, Liu C, Dong M, Song Y, Guo Y, Zhou J, Lu Y, Zhang L. Short-Term Intake of Hesperetin-7- O-Glucoside Affects Fecal Microbiota and Host Metabolic Homeostasis in Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:1478-1486. [PMID: 33351610 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.0c05921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Hesperetin-7-O-glucoside (Hes-7-G) is a typical flavonoid monoglucoside isolated from Citri Reticulatae Pericarpium (CRP), which is commonly used as a food adjuvant and exhibits potential biological activities. To explore the interaction between Hes-7-G ingestion and microbiome and host metabolism, here, 16S rRNA gene sequencing was first used to analyze the alteration of fecal microbiome in mice after Hes-7-G intake. Metabolic homeostasis in mice was subsequently investigated using untargeted 1H NMR-based metabolomics and targeted metabolite profiling. We found that dietary Hes-7-G significantly regulated fecal microbiota and its derived metabolites, including short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and tryptophan metabolites (indole and its derivatives), in feces of mice. Regulation of microbiota was further confirmed by the significantly changed urinary hippurate and trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), co-metabolites of the microbe and host. We also found that dietary Hes-7-G modulated the host tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) involved in energy metabolism. These findings suggested that Hes-7-G exhibits potential beneficial effects for human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zunji Shi
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Hehua Lei
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Gui Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Peihong Yuan
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Zheng Cao
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuan Chen
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xuehang Zhu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Caixiang Liu
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Manyuan Dong
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuchen Song
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yangyang Guo
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jinlin Zhou
- Engineering Research Academy of High Value Utilization of Green Plants, Meizhou 514021, China
- Golden Health (Guangdong) Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Foshan 528225, China
| | - Yujing Lu
- School of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
- Engineering Research Academy of High Value Utilization of Green Plants, Meizhou 514021, China
| | - Limin Zhang
- Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Centre for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy of Precision Measurement Science and Technology, CAS, Wuhan 430071, China
- Engineering Research Academy of High Value Utilization of Green Plants, Meizhou 514021, China
- Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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19
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Nishioka A, Tobaruela EDC, Fraga LN, Tomás-Barberán FA, Lajolo FM, Hassimotto NMA. Stratification of Volunteers According to Flavanone Metabolite Excretion and Phase II Metabolism Profile after Single Doses of 'Pera' Orange and 'Moro' Blood Orange Juices. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13020473. [PMID: 33573276 PMCID: PMC7910827 DOI: 10.3390/nu13020473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 01/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Large interindividual variations in the biological response to citrus flavanones have been observed, and this could be associated with high variations in their bioavailability. The aim of this study was to identify the main determinants underlying interindividual differences in citrus flavanone metabolism and excretion. In a randomized cross-over study, non-obese and obese volunteers, aged 19-40 years, ingested single doses of Pera and Moro orange juices, and urine was collected for 24 h. A large difference in the recovery of the urinary flavanone phase II metabolites was observed, with hesperetin-sulfate and hesperetin-sulfo-O-glucuronide being the major metabolites. Subjects were stratified according to their total excretion of flavanone metabolites as high, medium, and low excretors, but the expected correlation with the microbiome was not observed at the genus level. A second stratification was proposed according to phase II flavanone metabolism, whereby participants were divided into two excretion groups: Profiles A and B. Profile B individuals showed greater biotransformation of hesperetin-sulfate to hesperetin-sulfo-O-glucuronide, as well as transformation of flavanone-monoglucuronide to the respective diglucuronides, suggestive of an influence of polymorphisms on UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. In conclusion, this study proposes a new stratification of volunteers based on their metabolic profiles. Gut microbiota composition and polymorphisms of phase II enzymes may be related to the interindividual variability of metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Nishioka
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.N.); (E.d.C.T.); (L.N.F.); (F.M.L.)
| | - Eric de Castro Tobaruela
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.N.); (E.d.C.T.); (L.N.F.); (F.M.L.)
| | - Layanne Nascimento Fraga
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.N.); (E.d.C.T.); (L.N.F.); (F.M.L.)
| | - Francisco A. Tomás-Barberán
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS-CSIC, P.O. Box 164, Campus de Espinardo, 30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Franco Maria Lajolo
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.N.); (E.d.C.T.); (L.N.F.); (F.M.L.)
| | - Neuza Mariko Aymoto Hassimotto
- Food Research Center (FoRC) and School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil; (A.N.); (E.d.C.T.); (L.N.F.); (F.M.L.)
- Correspondence:
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20
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Pereira-Caro G, Clifford MN, Polyviou T, Ludwig IA, Alfheeaid H, Moreno-Rojas JM, Garcia AL, Malkova D, Crozier A. Plasma pharmacokinetics of (poly)phenol metabolites and catabolites after ingestion of orange juice by endurance trained men. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 160:784-795. [PMID: 32927016 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The health benefits of orange juice (OJ) consumption are attributed in part to the circulating flavanone phase II metabolites and their microbial-derived ring fission phenolic catabolites. The present study investigated these compounds in the bloodstream after acute intake of 500 mL of OJ. Plasma samples obtained at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and 24 h after OJ intake were analysed by HPLC-HR-MS. Eleven flavanone metabolites and 36 phenolic catabolites were identified and quantified in plasma. The main metabolites were hesperetin-3'-sulfate with a peak plasma concentration (Cmax) of 80 nmol/L, followed by hesperetin-7-glucuronide (Cmax 24 nmol/L), hesperetin-3'-glucuronide (Cmax 18 nmol/L) and naringenin-7-glucuronide (Cmax 21 nmol/L). Among the main phenolic catabolites to increase in plasma after OJ consumption were 3'-methoxycinnamic acid-4'-sulfate (Cmax 19 nmol/L), 3-hydroxy-3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid (Cmax 20 nmol/L), 3-(3'-hydroxy-4'-methoxyphenyl)propanoic acid (Cmax 19 nmol/L), 3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid (Cmax 25 nmol/L), and 3-(phenyl)propanoic acid (Cmax 19 nmol/L), as well as substantial amounts of phenylacetic and hippuric acids. The comprehensive plasma pharmacokinetic profiles that were obtained are of value to the design of future ex vivo cell studies, aimed at elucidating the mechanisms underlying the potential health benefits of OJ consumption. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02627547.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gema Pereira-Caro
- Department of Food and Health, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishery Research and Training, IFAPA, Alameda Del Obispo, 14004, Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Michael N Clifford
- School of Bioscience and Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences University of Surrey, Guildford, GU2 5XH, United Kingdom; Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Notting Hill, VIC, 3168, Australia
| | - Thelma Polyviou
- Human Nutrition, New Lister Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10-16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Iziar A Ludwig
- Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Center for Applied Medicinal Research, University of Navarra, Avda. Pío XII 55, E-31008, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Hani Alfheeaid
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Saudi Arabia
| | - José Manuel Moreno-Rojas
- Department of Food and Health, Andalusian Institute of Agricultural and Fishery Research and Training, IFAPA, Alameda Del Obispo, 14004, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Ada L Garcia
- Human Nutrition, New Lister Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10-16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Dalia Malkova
- Human Nutrition, New Lister Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10-16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, UK
| | - Alan Crozier
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK; United Kingdom and Department of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA, 95616, USA
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21
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Wang M, Zhao H, Wen X, Ho CT, Li S. Citrus flavonoids and the intestinal barrier: Interactions and effects. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 20:225-251. [PMID: 33443802 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The intestinal barrier plays a central role in sustaining gut homeostasis and, when dysfunctional, may contribute to diseases. Dietary flavonoids derived from Citrus genus represent one of the main naturally occurring phytochemicals with multiple potential benefits for the intestinal barrier function. In the intestine, citrus flavonoids (CFs) undergo ingestion from the lumen, biotransformation in the epithelial cells and/or crosstalk with luminal microbiota to afford various metabolites that may in turn exert protective actions on gut barrier along with their parental compounds. Specifically, the health-promoting properties of CFs and their metabolic bioactives for the intestinal barrier include their capacity to (a) modulate barrier permeability; (b) protect mucus layer; (c) regulate intestinal immune system; (d) fight against oxidative stress; and (e) positively shape microbiome and metabolome. Notably, local effects of CFs can also generate systemic benefits, for instance, improvement of gut microbial dysbiosis helpful to orchestrate gut homeostasis and leading to alleviation of systemic dysmetabolism. Given the important role of the intestinal barrier in overall health, further understanding of underlying action mechanisms and ultimate health effects of CFs as well as their metabolites on the intestine is of great significance to future application of citrus plants and their bioactives as dietary supplements and/or functional ingredients in medical foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyan Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiang Wen
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Food and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology and Food Science, Tianjin University of Commerce, Tianjin, China.,Hubei Key Laboratory for EFGIR, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei, China
| | - Chi-Tang Ho
- Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
| | - Shiming Li
- Hubei Key Laboratory for EFGIR, Huanggang Normal University, Hubei, China.,Department of Food Science, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey
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22
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Chung S, Kim H, Choi H, Park JH, Hwang J. Comparative study of the effects of diosmin and diosmetin on fat accumulation, dyslipidemia, and glucose intolerance in mice fed a high-fat high-sucrose diet. Food Sci Nutr 2020; 8:5976-5984. [PMID: 33282249 PMCID: PMC7684606 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.1883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study compared the effects of diosmin and its aglycone, diosmetin, on body weight, liver fat, serum cholesterol, and glucose intolerance in male C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat high-sucrose (HFHS) diet for 12 weeks. The mice were divided into four groups that received the following diets: normal diet (ND), HFHS diet, HFHS diet with 0.5% diosmin, and HFHS diet with 0.5% diosmetin. The body weight increased significantly in the HFHS diet group but decreased significantly in the HFHS diet with 0.5% diosmin group. The diosmin and diosmetin treatment inhibited fat accumulation in liver and epididymal tissues, and improved glucose intolerance by lowering glucose levels during a glucose tolerance test; these effects were greater in the diosmin group than those in the diosmetin group. Furthermore, only diosmin significantly ameliorated dyslipidemia, by reducing TC and LDL-C levels, while diosmetin had little effect on these parameters. Taken together, the results showed that diosmin and diosmetin can prevent fat accumulation and glucose intolerance; however, diosmin was more effective and also showed an antidyslipidemic effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sangwon Chung
- Korea Food Research InstituteWanju‐gunRepublic of Korea
| | - Hyo‐Jin Kim
- Korea Food Research InstituteWanju‐gunRepublic of Korea
- Department of Food BiotechnologyUniversity of Science & TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Jae Ho Park
- Korea Food Research InstituteWanju‐gunRepublic of Korea
| | - Jin‐Taek Hwang
- Korea Food Research InstituteWanju‐gunRepublic of Korea
- Department of Food BiotechnologyUniversity of Science & TechnologyDaejeonRepublic of Korea
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23
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Intestinal absorption and distribution of naringin, hesperidin, and their metabolites in mice. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
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24
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Fidélix M, Milenkovic D, Sivieri K, Cesar T. Microbiota modulation and effects on metabolic biomarkers by orange juice: a controlled clinical trial. Food Funct 2020; 11:1599-1610. [PMID: 32016250 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo02623a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The impact of habitual orange juice consumption on microbiota, lipid and sugar metabolism was investigated in a controlled clinical trial. The clinical procedure is as follows: ten women who had a regular diet without orange juice for 30 days (OJ-free diet), followed by a regular diet plus 300 ml d-1 orange juice for 60 days (OJ-Diet), and 30 days with a regular diet without orange juice (Washout). Biochemical and dietary parameters were monitored, and blood, urine and stool samples were collected every 30 days until the end of the study. Hesperidin and naringin metabolites in the urine were identified by UHPLC, and the microbiota composition of the feces was determined by 16S rRNA. At the end of the OJ-Diet, there was a reduction in glucose (-6.5%), insulin (-33%), insulin resistance (-44%), LDL-C (-16%) and triglycerides (-30%). After the washout, these parameters returned to their initial values. There were no changes in the body weight or fat during the experimental time. The intestinal bacteria, Lactobacillus spp., Akkermansia spp., and Ruminococcus spp., increased after the intervention with orange juice. In addition, an inverse correlation was detected between these bacteria and glycemia, insulin, HOMA-IR, triglycerides, total cholesterol and LDL-C, but a direct correlation with HDL-C. In conclusion, orange juice showed a prebiotic effect, modulating the intestinal microbiota while improving the glycemia and lipid profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melaine Fidélix
- Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Dragan Milenkovic
- Department of Internal Medicine, UC Davis School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, USA and Université Clermont Auvergne, INRA, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Katia Sivieri
- Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
| | - Thais Cesar
- Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Pharmaceutical Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Araraquara, SP, Brazil.
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25
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Castello F, Fernández-Pachón MS, Cerrillo I, Escudero-López B, Ortega Á, Rosi A, Bresciani L, Del Rio D, Mena P. Absorption, metabolism, and excretion of orange juice (poly)phenols in humans: The effect of a controlled alcoholic fermentation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 695:108627. [PMID: 33039389 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
The consumption of orange juice provides high concentrations of health-promoting bioactive compounds, the amount of which may increase upon alcoholic fermentation. Although fermentation may offer new prospects for the industry of orange-related products, there is a lack of studies reporting the influence of controlled alcoholic fermentation on the bioavailability of orange juice (poly)phenols in humans. The aim of this study was to evaluate the absorption profile, pharmacokinetic parameters, and urinary excretion of orange juice (poly)phenols in nine volunteers after acute administration of an orange juice and a beverage prepared after controlled alcoholic fermentation of the juice. Plasma and urine samples were analysed through a UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS targeted approach. A total of 24 (poly)phenol metabolites including both flavanone and phenolic acid derivatives were quantified, most of them being recorded only in urine. Phase II conjugates of hesperetin and naringenin were the main metabolites in plasma, while phenolic acids, in particular hydroxybenzoic acids, were the main compounds in urine. (Poly)phenols in both beverages were highly bioavailable (between 46 and 59%) and a notable inter-individual variability was seen. Significant treatment × time interactions were recorded for the sum of flavanones and phenolic acids in plasma, the (poly)phenols in the fermented juice being absorbed faster than after orange juice intake. Nevertheless, despite the food matrix having an impact on the absorption profile of orange juice (poly)phenols, this did not influence the pharmacokinetic parameters and urinary excretion of the (poly)phenol metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Castello
- Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - María-Soledad Fernández-Pachón
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Area of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Seville, Spain.
| | - Isabel Cerrillo
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Area of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Seville, Spain
| | - Blanca Escudero-López
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Area of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Seville, Spain
| | - Ángeles Ortega
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry Engineering, Area of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Pablo de Olavide University, Carretera de Utrera Km 1, Seville, Spain
| | - Alice Rosi
- Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Letizia Bresciani
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy; Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parco Area Delle Scienze 11/A, 43124, Parma, Italy.
| | - Pedro Mena
- Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, Via Volturno 39, 43125, Parma, Italy
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26
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Storniolo C, Sacanella I, Lamuela-Raventos RM, Moreno JJ. Bioactive Compounds of Mediterranean Cooked Tomato Sauce (Sofrito) Modulate Intestinal Epithelial Cancer Cell Growth Through Oxidative Stress/Arachidonic Acid Cascade Regulation. ACS OMEGA 2020; 5:17071-17077. [PMID: 32715192 PMCID: PMC7376686 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b04329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean diet (MD) is associated with a low incidence of colorectal cancer, but the specific dietary constituents involved and mechanisms related to these beneficial effects are still sparse. Sofrito, a traditional MD preparation, is a mix of foods characteristics of MD such as tomato, onion, garlic, and extra virgin olive oil, which contains many bioactive phenolic compounds and carotenoids. The aim of the present study was to determine the action of these components of sofrito on reactive oxygen species and eicosanoid production as well as the cell growth/cell cycle in adenocarcinoma cell cultures. We observed that hydroxytyrosol, naringenin, naringenin glucuronide, and to a lesser extent lycopene and β-carotene modulate these events in Caco-2 cell cultures. Interestingly, we also found an additive action of these bioactive compounds that could explain these biological actions on concentrations reached after the consumption of a traditional MD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina
E. Storniolo
- Department
of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and
Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08921, Spain
- Institute
of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08921, Spain
| | - Ignasi Sacanella
- Department
of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and
Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08921, Spain
| | - Rosa M. Lamuela-Raventos
- Department
of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and
Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08921, Spain
- Institute
of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08921, Spain
- CIBER
Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Juan J. Moreno
- Department
of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, School of Pharmacy and
Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08921, Spain
- Institute
of Nutrition and Food Safety (INSA-UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08921, Spain
- CIBER
Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
- . Phone 34 93 4035818
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27
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Qian Y, Markowitz JS. Natural Products as Modulators of CES1 Activity. Drug Metab Dispos 2020; 48:993-1007. [PMID: 32591414 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.120.000065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 06/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Carboxylesterase (CES) 1 is the predominant esterase expressed in the human liver and is capable of catalyzing the hydrolysis of a wide range of therapeutic agents, toxins, and endogenous compounds. Accumulating studies have demonstrated associations between the expression and activity of CES1 and the pharmacokinetics and/or pharmacodynamics of CES1 substrate medications (e.g., methylphenidate, clopidogrel, oseltamivir). Therefore, any perturbation of CES1 by coingested xenobiotics could potentially compromise treatment. Natural products are known to alter drug disposition by modulating cytochrome P450 and UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes, but this issue is less thoroughly explored with CES1. We report the results of a systematic literature search and discuss natural products as potential modulators of CES1 activity. The majority of research reports reviewed were in vitro investigations that require further confirmation through clinical study. Cannabis products (Δ 9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol, cannabinol); supplements from various plant sources containing naringenin, quercetin, luteolin, oleanolic acid, and asiatic acid; and certain traditional medicines (danshen and zhizhuwan) appear to pose the highest inhibition potential. In addition, ursolic acid, gambogic acid, and glycyrrhetic acid, if delivered intravenously, may attain high enough systemic concentrations to significantly inhibit CES1. The provision of a translational interpretation of in vitro assessments of natural product actions and interactions is limited by the dearth of basic pharmacokinetic data of the natural compounds exhibiting potent in vitro influences on CES1 activity. This is a major impediment to assigning even potential clinical significance. The modulatory effects on CES1 expression after chronic exposure to natural products warrants further investigation. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Modulation of CES1 activity by natural products may alter the course of treatment and clinical outcome. In this review, we have summarized the natural products that can potentially interact with CES1 substrate medications. We have also noted the limitations of existing reports and outlined challenges and future directions in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuli Qian
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - John S Markowitz
- Department of Pharmacotherapy and Translational Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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28
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Shakour ZTA, Fayek NM, Farag MA. How do biocatalysis and biotransformation affect Citrus dietary flavonoids chemistry and bioactivity? A review. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2020; 40:689-714. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2020.1753648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeinab T. Abdel Shakour
- Laboratory of Phytochemistry, National Organization for Drug Control and Research, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nesrin M. Fayek
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A. Farag
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Chemistry Department, School of Sciences and Engineering, The American University in Cairo, Cairo, Egypt
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29
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Identification of the absorbed components and metabolites of Xiao-Ai-Jie-Du decoction and their distribution in rats using ultra high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 179:112984. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2019.112984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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30
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Abstract
The intake of flavanones, the predominant flavonoid in the Citrus genus in human diets is variable but considerable. It is thus unsurprising that they have attracted interest for their claimed positive effects on health. However, to substantiate any purported impact on health and decipher the underlying mechanism(s), knowledge of pharmacokinetics is crucial. The aim of this article is to review currently known aspects of the fate of flavanones in the organism including absorption, metabolism, distribution, and excretion as well as possible kinetic interactions with clinically used drugs. There are three principal keynotes: (1) The level of parent flavanones in plasma is negligible. The major reason for this is that although flavanones are absorbed into enterocytes after oral intake, they are rapidly metabolized, in particular, into conjugates, sulfates and glucuronides, which are the major forms circulating in plasma. (2) A large fraction reaches the colon where it is efficiently metabolized into small absorbable phenolics. (3) The form (aglycone vs. glycoside) and species (e.g. human vs. rat) have important impact. In conclusion, knowledge of the pharmacokinetics of flavanones, in particular of metabolites, their achievable plasma concentration and half-lives, should be borne in mind when their biological effects are investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iveta Najmanová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Biological and Medical Sciences, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Marie Vopršalová
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Přemysl Mladěnka
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Hradec Králové, Czech Republic
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31
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Nectoux AM, Abe C, Huang SW, Ohno N, Tabata J, Miyata Y, Tanaka K, Tanaka T, Yamamura H, Matsui T. Absorption and Metabolic Behavior of Hesperidin (Rutinosylated Hesperetin) after Single Oral Administration to Sprague-Dawley Rats. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:9812-9819. [PMID: 31392887 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b03594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the absorption and metabolic behavior of hesperidin (hesperetin-7-O-rutinoside) in the blood system of Sprague-Dawley rats by liquid chromatography- and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometries (LC-MS and MALDI-MS). After a single oral administration of hesperidin (10 mg/kg), which was expected to be absorbed in its degraded hesperetin form, we detected intact hesperidin in the portal vein blood (tmax, 2 h) for the first time. We successfully detected glucuronized hesperidin in the circulating bloodstream, while intact hesperidin had disappeared. Further MS analyses revealed that homoeriodictyol and eriodictyol conjugates were detected in both portal and circulating blood systems. This indicated that hesperidin and/or hesperetin are susceptible to methylation and demethylation during the intestinal membrane transport process. Sulfated and glucuronized metabolites were also detected in both blood systems. In conclusion, hesperidin can enter into the circulating bloodstream in its conjugated forms, together with the conjugated forms of hesperetin, homoeriodictyol, and/or eriodictyol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexia M Nectoux
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Division of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Graduated School of Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Chizumi Abe
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Division of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Graduated School of Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Shu-Wei Huang
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Division of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Graduated School of Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Naoto Ohno
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Division of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Graduated School of Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Junji Tabata
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Division of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Graduated School of Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
| | - Yuji Miyata
- Industrial Technology Center of Nagasaki , 2-1303-8 Ikeda , Ohmura , Nagasaki 856-0026 , Japan
| | - Kazunari Tanaka
- Department of Nutrition , University of Nagasaki , 1-1-1 Manabino , Nagasaki 851-2195 , Japan
| | - Takashi Tanaka
- Graduate School of Biochemical Science , Nagasaki University , 1-14 Bunkyo-machi , Nagasaki 852-8521 , Japan
| | - Haruo Yamamura
- Charle Company , 3-1-2 Yasakadai , Kobe , Hyogo 654-0192 , Japan
| | - Toshiro Matsui
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Division of Bioresource and Bioenvironmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture , Graduated School of Kyushu University , 744 Motooka , Fukuoka 819-0395 , Japan
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32
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Hou M, Combet E, Edwards CA. Pulp in Shop-Bought Orange Juice Has Little Effect on Flavonoid Content and Gut Bacterial Flavanone Degradation In Vitro. PLANT FOODS FOR HUMAN NUTRITION (DORDRECHT, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 74:383-390. [PMID: 31228035 PMCID: PMC6684804 DOI: 10.1007/s11130-019-00739-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Orange juice is an important source of flavanones in the Western diet. However, little is known of the variation in flavanone content of shop-bought orange juice with pulp (OJP) or without pulp (OJ), nor the impact of pulp on the fate of flavanones in the gut. Total phenols, total flavonoids, antioxidant capacity, hesperidin and narirutin, and dietary fibre were measured in six orange juice brands sold as OJP and OJ. The inclusion of pulp had little impact on fibre content. Apart from total phenols (OJ: 208.4 ± 10.7 μg gallic acid equivalents (GAE) ml-1; OJP: 225.9 ± 16.7 μg GAE ml-1, P < 0.05), there were no differences between OJ and OJP. The fate of flavanones in OJ and OJP (Tropicana) were further compared using in vitro gastrointestinal (GI) models. After in vitro upper GI digestion, recovery of hesperidin was higher in OJ compared with OJP (89 ± 6 vs. 68 ± 3%, P = 0.033). After 2 h colonic fermentation, hesperidin was 1.2 fold higher in OJP than OJ. However, after 24 h colonic fermentation there was no significant difference between juices in terms of hesperidin, hesperetin, narirutin, naringenin and catabolites. In conclusion, the amount of pulp included in these shop-bought orange juices had little impact on flavanone metabolism in models of the GI tract. The effects of greater amounts of orange pulp remain to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hou
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10-16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, Scotland, UK
- School of Public Health, College of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Emilie Combet
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10-16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, Scotland, UK
| | - Christine Ann Edwards
- Human Nutrition, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Nursing, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences University of Glasgow, New Lister Building, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, 10-16 Alexandra Parade, Glasgow, G31 2ER, Scotland, UK.
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Pla-Pagà L, Companys J, Calderón-Pérez L, Llauradó E, Solà R, Valls RM, Pedret A. Effects of hesperidin consumption on cardiovascular risk biomarkers: a systematic review of animal studies and human randomized clinical trials. Nutr Rev 2019; 77:845-864. [DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuz036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Context
The cardioprotective effects of the flavonoid hesperidin, which is present in citrus products, are controversial and unclear. This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2015 guidelines.
Objective
To evaluate the current evidence from animal and human clinical studies and thus determine whether the consumption of hesperidin exerts beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk factors.
Data sources
PICOS (Population, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome, and Study Design) criteria defined the research question. Searches of the PubMed and Cochrane Plus databases were conducted and studies that met the inclusion criteria and were published in English in the last 15 years were included.
Data extraction
The first author, year of publication, study design, characteristics of animals and humans, intervention groups, dose of hesperidin, route of administration, duration of the intervention, cardiovascular risk biomarkers assessed, and results observed were extracted from the included articles.
Results
A total of 12 animal studies and 11 randomized clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. In the animal studies, the glucose, total and LDL cholesterol, and triglyceride levels decreased with chronic flavonoid consumption. In the human studies, endothelial function improved with flavonoid consumption, whereas no conclusive results were observed for the other biomarkers.
Conclusions
Animal studies have revealed that hesperidin and hesperetin consumption reduces glucose levels and various lipid profile parameters. However, a definitive conclusion cannot be drawn from the existing human clinical trials. Further research is needed to confirm whether the findings observed in animal models can also be observed in humans.
Systematic Review Registration
Prospero registration number CRD42018088942.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Pla-Pagà
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Reus, Spain
| | - J Companys
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Reus, Spain
| | - L Calderón-Pérez
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Reus, Spain
| | - E Llauradó
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Reus, Spain
| | - R Solà
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Reus, Spain
- Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Reus, Spain
| | - R M Valls
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Reus, Spain
| | - A Pedret
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Reus, Spain
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), Reus, Spain
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34
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DNA polymerase-γ hypothesis in nucleoside reverse transcriptase-induced mitochondrial toxicity revisited: A potentially protective role for citrus fruit-derived naringenin? Eur J Pharmacol 2019; 852:159-166. [PMID: 30876974 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2019.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Revised: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs) form the backbone in combination antiretroviral therapy (cARVs). They halt chain elongation of the viral cDNA by acting as false substrates in counterfeit incorporation mechanism to viral RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. In the process genomic DNA polymerase as well as mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) polymerase-γ (which has a much higher affinity for these drugs at therapeutic doses) are also impaired. This leads to mitochondrial toxicity that manifests clinically as mitochondrial myopathy, peripheral neuropathy, hyperlactatemia or lactic acidosis and lipoatrophy. This has led to the revision of clinical guidelines by World Health Organization to remove stavudine from first-line listing in the treatment of HIV infections. Recent reports have implicated oxidative stress besides mtDNA polymerase-γ hypothesis in NRTI-induced metabolic complications. Reduced plasma antioxidant concentrations have been reported in HIV positive patients on cARVs but clinical intervention with antioxidant supplements have not been successful either due to low efficacy or poor experimental designs. Citrus fruit-derived naringenin has previously been demonstrated to possess antioxidant and free radical scavenging properties which could prevent mitochondrial toxicity associated with these drugs. This review revisits the controversy surrounding mtDNA polymerase-γ hypothesis and evaluates the potential benefits of naringenin as a potent anti-oxidant and free radical scavenger which as a nutritional supplement or therapeutic adjunct could mitigate the development of mitochondrial toxicity associated with these drugs.
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Untergehrer M, Kiermaier J, Reintjes S, Heilmann J, Jürgenliemk G. Identification of phase-II metabolites from human serum samples after oral intake of a willow bark extract. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 57:396-402. [PMID: 30849676 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 11/02/2018] [Accepted: 11/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Willow bark (Salicis cortex) is a herbal medicinal drug used to treat fever and pain, such as headaches and lower back pain. Until now, it has not been fully understood which compounds are responsible for the efficacy of the drug. PURPOSE Although salicylic acid is known as a metabolite of salicylic alcohol derivatives of willow bark in vivo, it has been shown in previous studies that its concentration is too low to account for the overall efficacy of Salicis cortex. The aim this study was to broaden the knowledge regarding phenolic phase-II metabolites after oral intake of a willow bark extract. STUDY DESIGN/METHODS Serum samples of a human pharmacokinetic study (Salicis cortex extract intake corresponding to 240 mg of total salicin, 10 volunteers, 12 h fasting time, controlled diet low in phenolics, and 12 blood withdrawals over a period of 24 h) were analyzed by LC-ESI-MS. A library of 142 possible metabolites associated with salicylic alcohol derivatives, flavonoids, and proanthocyanidins was used to characterize possible metabolization products. Their structures were confirmed by LC-ESI-MS experiments with reference compounds after a cleavage reaction using glucuronidase and sulfatase as well as by LC-MS/MS experiments. RESULTS In the serum samples, phase-II metabolites of naringenin (2x glucuronides, 2x sulfates, 2x mixed glucuronide-sulfates), eriodictyol (3x glucuronides, 1x sulfate), taxifolin (1x sulfate), catechin (1x sulfate, 1x mixed glucuronide sulfate), ferulic acid (1x sulfate), hydroxyphenyl-propionic acid (1x sulfate), dihydroxyphenyl-valerolactone (1x sulfate), saligenin (1x glucuronide, 1x sulfate), salicylic acid (1x sulfate, 1x unconjugated, 1x salicyluric acid), and catechol (1x glucuronide, 1x sulfate) were characterized. Because taxifolin, dihydroxyphenyl-valerolactone, ferulic acid, and hydroxyphenyl-propionic acid could not be detected in the willow bark preparation, they could be metabolization products of genuine flavanones and flavan-3-ols as well as coumaric acid or C-ring cleavage products of flavonoids, which were present in the extract. No phase-II metabolites of procyanidins and no genuine flavonoid glycosides were detected in all serum samples. CONCLUSION This is the first study to identify human metabolites of flavonoids, proanthocyanidins and salicylic alcohol derivatives of Salicis cortex beside salicylic acid or catechol. For the most characterized metabolites, anti-inflammatory activity has been described in the literature, and the present results are an important step in understanding the anti-inflammatory efficacy of willow bark in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Untergehrer
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Josef Kiermaier
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Zentrale Analytik, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Susanne Reintjes
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Jörg Heilmann
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Deutschland
| | - Guido Jürgenliemk
- Fakultät für Chemie und Pharmazie, Lehrstuhl für Pharmazeutische Biologie, Universität Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Deutschland.
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Abstract
Based on many cell culture, animal and human studies, it is well known that the most challenge issue for developing polyphenolics as chemoprevention or anti-diabtetic agents is the low oral bioavailability, which may be the major reason relating to its ambiguous therapeutic effects and large inter-individual variations in clinical trials. This review intends to highlight the unscientific evaluation on the basis of the published data regarding in vitro bioactivity of polyphenols, which may sometimes mislead the researchers and to conclude that: first, bio-accessibilities values obtained in the studies for polyphenols should be highly reconsidered in accordance with the abundant newly identified circulating and excreted metabolites, with a particular attention to colonic metabolic products which are obviously contributing much more than expected to their absorptions; second, it is phenolic metabolites, which are formed in the small intestine and hepatic cells,low molecular weight catabolic products of the colonic microflora to travel around the human body in the circulatory system or reach body tissues to elicit bioactive effects. It is concluded that better performed in vivo intervention and in vitro mechanistic studies are needed to fully understand how these molecules interact with human physiological and pathological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Teng
- a College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
| | - Lei Chen
- a College of Food Science , Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University , Fuzhou , Fujian , China
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A recent review of citrus flavanone naringenin on metabolic diseases and its potential sources for high yield-production. Trends Food Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2018.06.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Russo R, Chandradhara D, De Tommasi N. Comparative Bioavailability of Two Diosmin Formulations after Oral Administration to Healthy Volunteers. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23092174. [PMID: 30158431 PMCID: PMC6225479 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23092174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diosmin is a flavonoid commonly found in citrus fruits, largely used as adjuvant treatment for circulatory disorders, including chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and hemorrhoids. Following oral administration, diosmin is not directly absorbed but must first be hydrolyzed into its aglycone, diosmetin, which is then absorbed into the systemic circulation. The aim of the current cross-over clinical study was to assess the pharmacokinetic profile of µSmin® Plus, a micronized diosmin flavonoid complex standardized in diosmin and formulated with a buffering agent (tested formulation). The study compared this to unformulated micronized diosmin (reference), in 16 healthy volunteers. Plasma samples were analyzed by HPLC-MS and plasma diosmetin concentration was measured after deconjugation with β-glucuronidase. For the tested formulation area under the curve (AUC0-t), and maximum plasma and time concentration (Cmax; tmax) were found to be 298.4 ± 163.7, 50.3 ± 22.6 and 2.2 ± 2.9, respectively. AUC0-t and Cmax of the reference were 31.9 ± 100.4 and 2.4 ± 1.9, respectively. The tested formulation showed higher plasmatic concentrations of diosmetin in comparison to those obtained after the administration of unformulated micronized diosmin. The relative bioavailability was 9.4 greater for the tested formulation than in micronized diosmin. In conclusion, our data indicate that µSmin® Plus was rapidly and well absorbed into systemic circulation and may therefore be ideally suitable to deliver diosmin in human interventional trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosario Russo
- Giellepi S.p.A. Health Science, via B. Cellini 37, 20851 Lissone (MB), Italy.
| | | | - Nunziatina De Tommasi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano (SA), Italy.
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Williamson G, Kay CD, Crozier A. The Bioavailability, Transport, and Bioactivity of Dietary Flavonoids: A Review from a Historical Perspective. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 17:1054-1112. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Colin D. Kay
- Food Bioprocessing and Nutrition Sciences, Plants for Human Health Inst. North Carolina State Univ. North Carolina Research Campus Kannapolis NC 28081 U.S.A
| | - Alan Crozier
- Dept. of Nutrition Univ. of California Davis CA 95616 U.S.A
- School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, Univ. Glasgow Glasgow G12 8QQ UK
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Jeong H, Lee J, Kim S, Yeo YY, So H, Wu H, Song YS, Jang CY, Kim HD, Kim MJ, Chang M. Hepatic Metabolism of Sakuranetin and Its Modulating Effects on Cytochrome P450s and UDP-Glucuronosyltransferases. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071542. [PMID: 29949932 PMCID: PMC6100415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Sakuranetin (SKN), found in cherry trees and rice, is a flavanone with various pharmacological activities. It is biosynthesized from naringenin in rice or cherry trees, and the metabolism of SKN has been studied in non-human species. The present study aimed to investigate the metabolic pathways of SKN in human liver microsomes and identify the phase I and phase II metabolites, as well as evaluate the potential for drug–herb interactions through the modulation of drug metabolizing enzymes (DMEs). HPLC-DAD and HPLC-electrospray mass spectrometry were used to study the metabolic stability and identify the metabolites from human liver microsomes incubated with SKN. The potential of SKN to inhibit the DMEs was evaluated by monitoring the formation of a DME-specific product. The cytochrome P450 2B6 and 3A4-inductive effects were studied using promoter reporter assays in human hepatocarcinoma cells. The major pathways for SKN metabolism include B-ring hydroxylation, 5-O-demethylation, and conjugation with glutathione or glucuronic acid. The phase I metabolites were identified as naringenin and eriodictyol. SKN was found to be a UDP-glucuronosyltransferases (UGT) 1A9 inhibitor, whereas it induced transactivation of the human pregnane X receptor-mediated cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyesoo Jeong
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Jimin Lee
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Soolin Kim
- Graduate School of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Yoo Yeon Yeo
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Hyunyoung So
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Honghua Wu
- Center for Research and Development of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
| | - Yun Seon Song
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Chang-Young Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Hee-Doo Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Min Jung Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
| | - Minsun Chang
- Department of Biological Sciences and Research Institute of Women's Health, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul 04310, Korea.
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Lee S, Youn K, Lim G, Lee J, Jun M. In Silico Docking and In Vitro Approaches towards BACE1 and Cholinesterases Inhibitory Effect of Citrus Flavanones. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23071509. [PMID: 29932100 PMCID: PMC6100189 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23071509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most prevalent neurodegenerative disease, distinctively characterized by senile plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and synaptic loss, finally resulting in neuronal death. β-Site amyloid precursor protein (APP) cleaving enzyme 1 (BACE1) and cholinesterases have been identified as therapeutic targets for AD, and the discovery of their inhibitors is of critical importance for developing preventive strategies for AD. To discover natural multi-target compounds possessing BACE1, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibitory properties, major citrus flavanones including hesperetin, naringenin, and hesperidin were evaluated. In vitro anti-AD activities were performed via BACE1 and cholinesterases inhibition assays, as well as enzyme kinetic predictions. For the design of potential inhibitors of AD-related enzymes, molecular docking analysis was performed. Based on the biological evaluation, hesperidin demonstrated the best inhibitory properties toward BACE1, AChE, and BChE, with IC50 values of 10.02 ± 1.12, 22.80 ± 2.78, and 48.09 ± 0.74 µM, respectively. Kinetic studies revealed that all tested compounds were found to be noncompetitive inhibitors against BACE1 and cholineseterases. In addition, molecular docking studies of these compounds demonstrated negative binding energies for BACE1, AChE, and BChE, indicating high affinity and tight binding capacity for the target enzymes. The present study suggested that the selected citrus flavanones could act together as multiple inhibitors of BACE1, AChE, and BChE, indicating preventive and therapeutic potential against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungeun Lee
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - Kumju Youn
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
| | - GyuTae Lim
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Bioinformatics, KIRBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Sciences and Technology, 217 Gajung-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Jinhyuk Lee
- Korean Bioinformation Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), 125, Gwahak-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34141, Korea.
- Department of Bioinformatics, KIRBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Sciences and Technology, 217 Gajung-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34113, Korea.
| | - Mira Jun
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Dong-A University, 37, Nakdong-daero 550 beon-gil, Saha-gu, Busan 49315, Korea.
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Ma Y, He Y, Yin T, Chen H, Gao S, Hu M. Metabolism of Phenolic Compounds in LPS-stimulated Raw264.7 Cells Can Impact Their Anti-inflammatory efficacy: Indication of Hesperetin. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:6042-6052. [PMID: 29792322 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Raw264.7 is a murine macrophage-like cell line commonly used to study the anti-inflammatory efficacy of natural compounds. However, the impacts of long-time incubation on the tested compounds are often inappropriately ignored. Among 77 natural phenolic compounds (mainly flavonoids), only 36 remain more than 70% after a 15-h incubation in cell culture medium at 37 °C. Interestingly, for those compounds with a relatively good chemical stability, the presence of Raw264.7 cells could accelerate their disappearance in the medium, indicating that cellular metabolism occurred. As a representative phenolic, hesperetin was found to be efficiently metabolized by Raw264.7 cells and the metabolite was identified as a glucuronide in the further investigation. The glucuronidation activity is constitutive in this cell line. At certain concentration levels of hesperetin, the ability of hesperetin to inhibit PGD2 production in LPS-induced Raw264.7 cells was significantly enhanced by introducing β-glucuronidase, which can hydrolyze hesperetin glucuronide, into the incubation medium. The results indicate that glucuronidation and excretion of hesperetin can significantly impact its bioactivity in Raw264.7 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Ma
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , 1441 Moursund Street , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Yu He
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , 1441 Moursund Street , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Taijun Yin
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , 1441 Moursund Street , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Haoqing Chen
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences and Mathematics , University of Houston , 4800 Calhoun Road , Houston , Texas 77004 , United States
| | - Song Gao
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , 1441 Moursund Street , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
| | - Ming Hu
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy , University of Houston , 1441 Moursund Street , Houston , Texas 77030 , United States
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Zhang D, Du M, Wei Y, Wang C, Shen L. A review on the structure-activity relationship of dietary flavonoids for protecting vascular endothelial function: Current understanding and future issues. J Food Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Mingzhao Du
- Department of Cardiology; Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
| | - Ying Wei
- Chinese National Research Institute of Food & Fermentation Industries; Beijing China
| | - Chengtao Wang
- Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives; Beijing Technology & Business University (BTBU); Beijing China
| | - Lingqin Shen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Jiangsu University; Zhenjiang China
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Hernández-Aquino E, Muriel P. Beneficial effects of naringenin in liver diseases: Molecular mechanisms. World J Gastroenterol 2018; 24:1679-1707. [PMID: 29713125 PMCID: PMC5922990 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v24.i16.1679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 204] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Liver diseases are caused by different etiological agents, mainly alcohol consumption, viruses, drug intoxication or malnutrition. Frequently, liver diseases are initiated by oxidative stress and inflammation that lead to the excessive production of extracellular matrix (ECM), followed by a progression to fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). It has been reported that some natural products display hepatoprotective properties. Naringenin is a flavonoid with antioxidant, antifibrogenic, anti-inflammatory and anticancer properties that is capable of preventing liver damage caused by different agents. The main protective effects of naringenin in liver diseases are the inhibition of oxidative stress, transforming growth factor (TGF-β) pathway and the prevention of the transdifferentiation of hepatic stellate cells (HSC), leading to decreased collagen synthesis. Other effects include the inhibition of the mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK), toll-like receptor (TLR) and TGF-β non-canonical pathways, the inhibition of which further results in a strong reduction in ECM synthesis and deposition. In addition, naringenin has shown beneficial effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through the regulation of lipid metabolism, modulating the synthesis and oxidation of lipids and cholesterol. Moreover, naringenin protects from HCC, since it inhibits growth factors such as TGF-β and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), inducing apoptosis and regulating MAPK pathways. Naringenin is safe and acts by targeting multiple proteins. However, it possesses low bioavailability and high intestinal metabolism. In this regard, formulations, such as nanoparticles or liposomes, have been developed to improve naringenin bioavailability. We conclude that naringenin should be considered in the future as an important candidate in the treatment of different liver diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Hernández-Aquino
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 07000, Mexico
| | - Pablo Muriel
- Laboratory of Experimental Hepatology, Department of Pharmacology, Cinvestav-IPN, Mexico City 07000, Mexico
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Van Rymenant E, Salden B, Voorspoels S, Jacobs G, Noten B, Pitart J, Possemiers S, Smagghe G, Grootaert C, Van Camp J. A Critical Evaluation of In Vitro Hesperidin 2S Bioavailability in a Model Combining Luminal (Microbial) Digestion and Caco-2 Cell Absorption in Comparison to a Randomized Controlled Human Trial. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018; 62:e1700881. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201700881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2017] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Evelien Van Rymenant
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | | | | | - Griet Jacobs
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research; Mol Belgium
| | - Bart Noten
- Flemish Institute for Technological Research; Mol Belgium
| | | | - Sam Possemiers
- Bioactor BV; Maastricht The Netherlands
- ProDigest; Ghent Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Crop Protection; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - Charlotte Grootaert
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
| | - John Van Camp
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Human Nutrition; Ghent University; Ghent Belgium
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Naringenin glucuronidation in liver and intestine microsomes of humans, monkeys, rats, and mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2018; 111:417-422. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2017.11.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2017] [Revised: 11/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Spigoni V, Mena P, Fantuzzi F, Tassotti M, Brighenti F, Bonadonna RC, Del Rio D, Dei Cas A. Bioavailability of Bergamot (Citrus bergamia) Flavanones and Biological Activity of Their Circulating Metabolites in Human Pro-Angiogenic Cells. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9121328. [PMID: 29211032 PMCID: PMC5748778 DOI: 10.3390/nu9121328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 12/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid angiogenic cells (MACs) play a key role in endothelial repairing processes and functionality but their activity may be impaired by the lipotoxic effects of some molecules like stearic acid (SA). Among the dietary components potentially able to modulate endothelial function in vivo, (poly)phenolic compounds represent serious candidates. Here, we apply a comprehensive multidisciplinary approach to shed light on the prospects of Bergamot (Citrus bergamia), a citrus fruit rich in flavanones and other phenolic compounds, in the framework of lipotoxicity-induced MACs impairment. The flavanone profile of bergamot juice was characterized and 16 compounds were identified, with a new 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl (HMG) flavanone, isosakuranetin-7-O-neohesperidoside-6″-O-HMG, described for the first time. Then, a pilot bioavailability study was conducted in healthy volunteers to assess the circulating flavanone metabolites in plasma and urine after consumption of bergamot juice. Up to 12 flavanone phase II conjugates (sulfates and glucuronides of hesperetin, naringenin and eriodyctiol) were detected and quantified. Finally, the effect of some of the metabolites identified in vivo, namely hesperetin-7-O-glucuronide, hesperetin-3′-O-glucuronide, naringenin-7-O-glucuronide and naringenin-4′-O-glucuronide, was tested, at physiological concentrations, on gene expression of inflammatory markers and apoptosis in MACs exposed to SA. Under these conditions, naringenin-4′-O-glucuronide and hesperetin-7-O-glucuronide were able to modulate inflammation, while no flavanone glucuronide was effective in curbing stearate-induced lipoapoptosis. These results demonstrate that some flavanone metabolites, derived from the in vivo transformation of bergamot juice phenolics in humans, may mitigate stearate-induced inflammation in MACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Spigoni
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Pedro Mena
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Federica Fantuzzi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Michele Tassotti
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Furio Brighenti
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Riccardo C Bonadonna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- The Laboratory of Phytochemicals in Physiology, Department of Food & Drugs, University of Parma, 43125 Parma, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Dei Cas
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolic Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria of Parma, 43126 Parma, Italy.
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Cameron RG, Chau HK, Hotchkiss AT, Manthey JA. Release and recovery of pectic hydrocolloids and phenolics from culled citrus fruits. Food Hydrocoll 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2017.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Romaszko E, Marzec-Wróblewska U, Badura A, Buciński A. Does consumption of red grapefruit juice alter naringenin concentrations in milk produced by breastfeeding mothers? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0185954. [PMID: 28982188 PMCID: PMC5628898 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The content of certain ingredients of human milk, such as flavonoids, depend on the types and amounts of plant products consumed and may vary from woman to woman. The aim of the study was to determine to what extent consumption of an average amount of grapefruit juice (250 ml) affected naringenin content in human milk. A total of 14 breastfeeding mothers were included in the study. The subjects remained on a diet with restricted intake of naringenin for a total of five days except on the third day, when they drank a single serving of 250 ml of grapefruit juice. A considerable subject-to-subject variability in naringenin content was observed in both initial and subsequent determinations. Baseline concentration values, which may reflect naringenin content in the milk produced by the breastfeeding mother who eat an everyday (unmodified) diet, ranged from 420.86 nmol/l to 1568.89 nmol/l, with a mean of 823.24 nmol/l. Switching to the modified diet resulted in a decrease in naringenin concentrations to the mean value of 673.89 nmol/l measured 48 hours after the switch. The highest mean values were observed four and 12 hours after consumption of the juice, equalling 908.25 nmol/l (SD ± 676.84 nmol/l) and 868.96 nmol/l (SD ± 665.54 nmol/l), respectively. Naringenin is commonly found in human milk in quantities expressed in nmol/l, and its concentrations vary from woman to woman. Consumption of 250 ml of red grapefruit juice by breastfeeding mothers does not significantly alter naringenin concentrations in their milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Romaszko
- Family Medicine Unit., University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Urszula Marzec-Wróblewska
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Farmacy, Chair and Department of Biopharmacy, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Anna Badura
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Farmacy, Chair and Department of Biopharmacy, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adam Buciński
- Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Faculty of Farmacy, Chair and Department of Biopharmacy, Bydgoszcz, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Cameron RG, Chau HK, Hotchkiss AT, Manthey JA. Recovery of pectic hydrocolloids and phenolics from huanglongbing related dropped citrus fruit. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2017; 97:4467-4475. [PMID: 28295383 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Citrus pre-harvest fruit drop, caused by huanglongbing infection, has increased dramatically concomitant with declining tree health and crop harvest size. This loss of harvestable fruit is damaging to both growers and juice processors. Recovering and converting this fruit to alternative value added products would benefit the citrus industry. Therefore, we have explored the potential of using this fruit as a feedstock in our newly developed pilot scale continuous steam explosion process. RESULTS Whole fruits were converted to steam-exploded biomass using a continuous pilot scale process. The sugar composition of raw fruit and steam-exploded biomass was determined. Recovered pectic hydrocolloids and phenolic compounds were characterized. Pectic hydrocolloids comprised 78 g kg-1 of the dry material in the dropped fruit. Following the steam explosion process almost all of the pectic hydrocolloids were recoverable with a water wash. They could be functionalized in situ or separated from the milieu. Additionally, approximately 40% of the polymethoxylated flavones, 10% of the flavanone glycosides, 85% of the limonoids and almost 100% of hydroxycinnamates were simultaneously recovered. CONCLUSION The continuous steam explosion of pre-harvest dropped citrus fruit provides an enhanced, environmentally friendly method for the release and recovery of valuable coproducts from wasted biomass. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Randall G Cameron
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
| | - Hoa K Chau
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - Arland T Hotchkiss
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Eastern Regional Research Center, Wyndmoor, PA, USA
| | - John A Manthey
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, US Horticultural Research Laboratory, Fort Pierce, FL, USA
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