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Guldemir HH, Buyukuslu N, Yigit P, Cakici C, Ozdemir EM. Effects of omega fatty acids on the short-term postprandial satiety related peptides in rats. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2023; 93:401-409. [PMID: 34986656 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the effects of omega fatty acids on time depending on responses of satiety hormones. Sixty adult rats were randomly divided into 4 groups; linoleic acid (LA), α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) groups. For each fatty acid, the dose of 400 mg/kg was applied by oral gavage. Blood samples were taken after the 15, 30, 60 and 120 minutes. Ghrelin, cholecystokinin (CCK), glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), peptide YY (PYY), leptin and insulin hormones were analyzed by ELISA. We observed the significant increases (p<0.05) of the levels of CCK between n-3 (ALA, at 60th min; EPA, at 30th and 60th min and DHA, at 60 min) and n-6 (LA) supplemented rats. The highest GLP-1 levels were in ALA (0.70 ng/mL) and DHA (0.67 ng/mL) supplemented groups at 60th and 120th min indicating n-3 fatty acids efficiency on satiety compared to LA. It seems that ALA at 60th min and EPA at 120th min could provide the highest satiety effect with the highest insulin response, while the efficiency of LA supplementation on insulin-induced satiety diminished. The only significant change in AUC values among all hormones was in the CCK of the ALA group (p=0.004). The level of leptin increased in DHA and EPA supplemented rats (p=0.140). Our results showed that dietary omega fatty acids influenced the releasing of hormones in different ways possibly depending on chain length or saturation degree. Comprehensive studies need to be addressed for each fatty acid on satiety-related peptide hormones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilal Hizli Guldemir
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskisehir, Turkey
| | - Nihal Buyukuslu
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Pakize Yigit
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Cagri Cakici
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Musa Ozdemir
- Medical Research Center (MEDITAM), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Moradi S, Alivand M, KhajeBishak Y, AsghariJafarabadi M, Alipour M, Chilibeck PD, Alipour B. The effect of short-term omega-3 fatty acids supplementation on appetite in healthy men: A randomized double-blinded controlled clinical trial. NUTR CLIN METAB 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nupar.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Cao W, Liu F, Li RW, Yang R, Wang Y, Xue C, Tang Q. Triacylglycerol rich in docosahexaenoic acid regulated appetite via the mediation of leptin and intestinal epithelial functions in high-fat, high-sugar diet-fed mice. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 99:108856. [PMID: 34517098 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 04/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
High-fat, high-sugar diet (HFHS) induced leptin resistance and intestinal epithelial dysfunction is implicated in hyperphagia and metabolic disorders. Numerous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of dietary interventions for reducing appetite. This study aims to investigate whether triacylglycerol rich in DHA (DHA-TG) could regulate appetite in mice fed with a HFHS diet and the mechanism by which it achieves that. DHA-TG could reduce food intake and regulate neuropeptides (POMC, AgRP, and NPY) expression in HFHS diet-fed mice. Hypothalamic transcriptome analysis reveals that these effects might be attributed to the role of DHA-TG in modulating hormone secretion and digestive system process. According to ELISA and RT-qPCR analysis, DHA-TG ameliorated leptin secretion and attenuated central leptin resistance induced by HFHS diet feeding. Besides, DHA-TG prevented the damage of intestinal epithelial barrier in nutritive obese mice by improving leptin sensitivity. Based on jejunal transcriptome analysis, DHA-TG also protected intestinal endocrine function, especially the secretion of another anorectic hormone, cholecystokinin (CCK), in HFHS diet-fed mice. Furthermore, DHA-TG was ineffective in repressing appetite, and improving gut leakage in leptin-deficient mice (ob/ob mice). In conclusion, DHA-TG has a potential to regulate appetite with the action of leptin, and intestinal epithelial functions in HFHS diet-fed mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanxiu Cao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Marine Biomedical Research Institute of Qingdao, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Fang Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Robert W Li
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service (USDA-ARS), Animal Genomics and Improvement Laboratory, Beltsville, Maryland, USA
| | - Ruili Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjuan Tang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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Cawthon CR, de La Serre CB. The critical role of CCK in the regulation of food intake and diet-induced obesity. Peptides 2021; 138:170492. [PMID: 33422646 DOI: 10.1016/j.peptides.2020.170492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In 1973, Gibbs, Young, and Smith showed that exogenous cholecystokinin (CCK) administration reduces food intake in rats. This initial report has led to thousands of studies investigating the physiological role of CCK in regulating feeding behavior. CCK is released from enteroendocrine I cells present along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. CCK binding to its receptor CCK1R leads to vagal afferent activation providing post-ingestive feedback to the hindbrain. Vagal afferent neurons' (VAN) sensitivity to CCK is modulated by energy status while CCK signaling regulates gene expression of other feeding related signals and receptors expressed by VAN. In addition to its satiation effects, CCK acts all along the GI tract to optimize digestion and nutrient absorption. Diet-induced obesity (DIO) is characterized by reduced sensitivity to CCK and every part of the CCK system is negatively affected by chronic intake of energy-dense foods. EEC have recently been shown to adapt to diet, CCK1R is affected by dietary fats consumption, and the VAN phenotypic flexibility is lost in DIO. Altered endocannabinoid tone, changes in gut microbiota composition, and chronic inflammation are currently being explored as potential mechanisms for diet driven loss in CCK signaling. This review discusses our current understanding of how CCK controls food intake in conditions of leanness and how control is lost in chronic energy excess and obesity, potentially perpetuating excessive intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina R Cawthon
- Department of Foods and Nutrition, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
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Komal F, Khan MK, Imran M, Ahmad MH, Anwar H, Ashfaq UA, Ahmad N, Masroor A, Ahmad RS, Nadeem M, Nisa MU. Impact of different omega-3 fatty acid sources on lipid, hormonal, blood glucose, weight gain and histopathological damages profile in PCOS rat model. J Transl Med 2020; 18:349. [PMID: 32928224 PMCID: PMC7491187 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-020-02519-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Omega-3 fatty acids (Ω-3 PUFAs) may help to improve health status in polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) by reducing numerous metabolic disorders (insulin sensitivity, hyperinsulinemia, lipid profile, obesity and inflammation). To evaluate the current objective, 16 weeks (6 weeks of adjustment period followed by 10 weeks of collection period) research trial was planned to check the impact of different sources of Ω-3 PUFAs (synthetic Ω-3, flaxseed and fish oil) on nutrient digestibility, weight gain, productive (lipid profile, glucose and insulin), reproductive profile (progesterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen, luteinizing hormone (LH) and prolactin) and histological study of ovarian tissues in Wistar female rats. METHODS Forty-five rats of 130 ± 10 g weight were divided into 5 groups, each having 9 rats: NC (negative control without PCOS), PC (positive control with PCOS), SO (synthetic omega-3 containing ALA, EPA and DHA), FO (flaxseed oil) and F (fish oil) fed at 300 mg/kg/orally/daily of these sources were added in the basal diets while PC and NC received only the basal diet. Food and water were offered ad libitum. PCOS was induced in the rats fed of PC, SO, FO and F diets group by single intramuscular injection of estradiol-valerate (4 mg/rat/IM). Body weight and blood glucose was recorded weekly. At 16th week of trial, blood samples were collected for lipid and hormonal analysis. Ovarian tissues were removed for pathological evaluation. Digestibility was measured by total collection method. RESULTS Cholesterol, triglycerides and low-density lipoproteins were reduced in SO, FO and F groups when compared with rats of PC group. However, increasing trend of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was found in same groups. The highest HDL (36.83 ± 0.72 mg/dL) was observed in rats fed F diet. In case of a hormonal profile, testosterone, LH and insulin levels showed a significant reduction after treatments. Blood glucose results showed significantly reducing trend in all the rats fed with Ω-3 PUFAs sources than PC from 5 to 10th week of trial. However, similar trend was noticed in rat's body weight at the end of 6th week. In ovarian morphology, different stages of follicles were observed in groups fed SO, FO and F diets. Nutrient digestibility in PCOS induced rats was remained non-significant. CONCLUSIONS The three sources of Ω-3 PUFAs had effective role in improving lipid and hormonal profile, reducing blood glucose, weight gain and histopathological damages in PCOS rats. However, fish oil source might be an innovative approach to cure PCOS via reducing the weight and metabolic anomalies due to EPA and DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiza Komal
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Kamran Khan
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Haseeb Ahmad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Haseeb Anwar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Usman Ali Ashfaq
- Department of Bioinformatics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Nazir Ahmad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Amna Masroor
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Rabia Shabir Ahmad
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Nadeem
- Department of Dairy Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Punjab Pakistan
| | - Mahr Un Nisa
- Institute of Home and Food Sciences, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad, Punjab Pakistan
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Engevik AC, Kaji I, Goldenring JR. The Physiology of the Gastric Parietal Cell. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:573-602. [PMID: 31670611 PMCID: PMC7327232 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00016.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Parietal cells are responsible for gastric acid secretion, which aids in the digestion of food, absorption of minerals, and control of harmful bacteria. However, a fine balance of activators and inhibitors of parietal cell-mediated acid secretion is required to ensure proper digestion of food, while preventing damage to the gastric and duodenal mucosa. As a result, parietal cell secretion is highly regulated through numerous mechanisms including the vagus nerve, gastrin, histamine, ghrelin, somatostatin, glucagon-like peptide 1, and other agonists and antagonists. The tight regulation of parietal cells ensures the proper secretion of HCl. The H+-K+-ATPase enzyme expressed in parietal cells regulates the exchange of cytoplasmic H+ for extracellular K+. The H+ secreted into the gastric lumen by the H+-K+-ATPase combines with luminal Cl- to form gastric acid, HCl. Inhibition of the H+-K+-ATPase is the most efficacious method of preventing harmful gastric acid secretion. Proton pump inhibitors and potassium competitive acid blockers are widely used therapeutically to inhibit acid secretion. Stimulated delivery of the H+-K+-ATPase to the parietal cell apical surface requires the fusion of intracellular tubulovesicles with the overlying secretory canaliculus, a process that represents the most prominent example of apical membrane recycling. In addition to their unique ability to secrete gastric acid, parietal cells also play an important role in gastric mucosal homeostasis through the secretion of multiple growth factor molecules. The gastric parietal cell therefore plays multiple roles in gastric secretion and protection as well as coordination of physiological repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy C Engevik
- Departments of Surgery and of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Izumi Kaji
- Departments of Surgery and of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - James R Goldenring
- Departments of Surgery and of Cell and Developmental Biology and the Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
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Flaga J, Korytkowski Ł, Górka P, Kowalski ZM. The effect of docosahexaenoic acid-rich algae supplementation in milk replacer on performance and selected immune system functions in calves. J Dairy Sci 2019; 102:8862-8873. [PMID: 31421880 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2018-16189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the effect of docosahexaenoic acid-rich algae (DHA-RA) supplementation in milk replacer (MR) on performance, selected cytokine expression in lymphocytes, and blood immunoglobulin concentration in newborn dairy calves. Forty female Holstein-Friesian calves (8.6 ± 0.8 d old and 41.1 ± 4.3 kg; mean ± standard deviation) were blocked by date of birth and allocated into 4 experimental groups (10 animals/group): (1) not supplemented with DHA-RA, (2) supplemented with 9 g of DHA-RA/d in MR, (3) supplemented with 18 g of DHA-RA/d in MR, and (4) supplemented with 27 g of DHA-RA/d in MR. Milk replacer was fed in an amount equal to 900 g of MR powder/d (as fed), 2 times a d, for 49 d. Starter mixture (SM) was fed ad libitum beginning on d 15 of the study. Each calf was in the study over a period of 49 d. The MR and SM intake and fecal score were recorded daily and body weight was recorded weekly. Blood samples were collected before the morning feeding, at the beginning of the study, every consecutive week, and at the end of the study for morphology and smear analysis, serum immunoglobulin level (IgG, IgA, and IgM), and lymphocyte isolation. The mRNA isolated from lymphocytes was checked for TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, and p65 expression. Average daily gain between d 1 to 14 of the study increased quadratically with increasing dose of DHA-RA. However, average daily gain between d 15 to 49 of the study tended to linearly decrease and over the whole study linearly decreased with increasing dose of DHA-RA. The MR intake decreased linearly between d 1 to 14 of the study and over the whole study, and mean SM intake decreased quadratically with increasing dose of DHA-RA. Feed efficiency increased quadratically and fecal score decreased quadratically during the first 14 d of the study. Increasing dose of DHA-RA led to cubic changes in feed efficiency and fecal score between d 15 and 49 of the study. Overall, over the whole study period a tendency was observed for lower fecal score for the DHA-RA supplemented groups. Interleukin-1β mRNA expression decreased linearly, whereas the mRNA expression of p65 and TNFα as well as serum IgG concentration tended to decrease linearly with increasing dose of supplemental DHA-RA. No effect of group was found on IgA and IgM serum level and the majority of blood parameters. Altogether, treatment worsened production variables but seemed to have a beneficial effect on the immune system of calves.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Flaga
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Ł Korytkowski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - P Górka
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Z M Kowalski
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Dietetics, University of Agriculture in Krakow, al. Mickiewicza 24/28, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
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Opazo R, Fuenzalida K, Plaza-Parrochia F, Romero J. Performance of Debaryomyces hansenii as a Diet for Rotifers for Feeding Zebrafish Larvae. Zebrafish 2017; 14:187-194. [PMID: 28192066 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2016.1353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish larval stage is a critical moment due to high mortality rates associated with inadequate supplies of nutritional requirements. Larval feeding has important challenges associated with such factors as small mouth gape (≈100 μm), the low activity of digestive enzymes, and the intake of live food. A common zebrafish live food at the onset of exogenous feeding is rotifers, mainly Brachionus plicatilis. These rotifers should be fed with other microorganisms such as microalgae or yeast, mostly from the Saccharomyces genus. In the laboratory, the culture of microalgae is more expensive than the culture of yeast. The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of Debaryomyces hansenii as a diet for rotifers in comparison to a microalgae-based diet (Rotigrow®). To achieve this aim, we assessed the rotifer total protein content, the rotifers fatty acid profile, zebrafish larval growth performance, the expression of key growth, and endocrine appetite regulation genes. The total protein and fatty acids content were similar in both rotifer cultures, averaging 35% of dry matter (DM) and 18% of DM, respectively. Interestingly, the fatty acids profile showed differences between the two rotifer cultures: omega-3 fatty acids were only observed in the Microalgae/rotifer, whereas, omega-6 fatty acids presented similar levels in both rotifer cultures. No differences were observed in the larval body length distribution or mortalities between the rotifer cultures. However, gh, igf-1, and cck gene expression showed significantly higher upregulation in zebrafish fed the Microalgae/rotifer diet compared with those fed the Debaryomyces/rotifer diet. In conclusion, D. hansenii could be an alternative diet for rotifer used as a live food in zebrafish larvae at the onset of exogenous feeding. The gene responses observed in this work open up the opportunity to study the effect of omega-3 supply on growth regulation in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Opazo
- 1 Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Karen Fuenzalida
- 2 Laboratorio de Enfermedades Metabólicas, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Francisca Plaza-Parrochia
- 1 Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile , Santiago, Chile
| | - Jaime Romero
- 1 Laboratorio de Biotecnología, Instituto de Nutrición y Tecnología de los Alimentos (INTA), Universidad de Chile , Santiago, Chile
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Narverud I, Myhrstad MCW, Herzig KH, Karhu T, Dahl TB, Halvorsen B, Ulven SM, Holven KB. Lack of Effects of a Single High-Fat Meal Enriched with Vegetable n-3 or a Combination of Vegetable and Marine n-3 Fatty Acids on Intestinal Peptide Release and Adipokines in Healthy Female Subjects. Front Nutr 2016; 3:38. [PMID: 27630989 PMCID: PMC5005423 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2016.00038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peptides released from the small intestine and colon regulate short-term food intake by suppressing appetite and inducing satiety. Intake of marine omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids (FAs) from fish and fish oils is associated with beneficial health effects, whereas the relation between intake of the vegetable n-3 fatty acid α-linolenic acid and diseases is less clear. The aim of the present study was to investigate the postprandial effects of a single high-fat meal enriched with vegetable n-3 or a combination of vegetable and marine n-3 FAs with their different unsaturated fatty acid composition on intestinal peptide release and the adipose tissue. Fourteen healthy lean females consumed three test meals with different fat quality in a fixed order. The test meal consisted of three cakes enriched with coconut fat, linseed oil, and a combination of linseed and cod liver oil. The test days were separated by 2 weeks. Fasting and postprandial blood samples at 3 and 6 h after intake were analyzed. A significant postprandial effect was observed for cholecystokinin, peptide YY, glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide, amylin and insulin, which increased, while leptin decreased postprandially independent of the fat composition in the high-fat meal. In conclusion, in healthy, young, lean females, an intake of a high-fat meal enriched with n-3 FAs from different origin stimulates intestinal peptide release without any difference between the different fat compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingunn Narverud
- Department of Nutrition, Institute for Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo , Oslo , Norway
| | - Mari C W Myhrstad
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences , Oslo , Norway
| | - Karl-Heinz Herzig
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Oulu University Medical School, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Medical Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu, Finland
| | - Toni Karhu
- Institute of Biomedicine and Biocenter of Oulu, Oulu University Medical School, University of Oulu , Oulu , Finland
| | - Tuva B Dahl
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Bente Halvorsen
- Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway; Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences , Oslo , Norway
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- Department of Health, Nutrition and Management, Faculty of Health Sciences, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway; National Advisory Unit for Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Department of Endocrinology, Morbid Obesity and Preventive Medicine, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
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10
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Adachi SI, Eguchi A, Sakamoto K, Asano H, Manabe Y, Matsumura S, Tsuzuki S, Inoue K, Fushiki T. Behavioral palatability of dietary fatty acids correlates with the intracellular calcium ion levels induced by the fatty acids in GPR120-expressing cells. Biomed Res 2015; 35:357-67. [PMID: 25743342 DOI: 10.2220/biomedres.35.357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We recently reported that G-protein-coupled receptor 120 (GPR120) is expressed on taste buds, and that rodents showed preference for long-chain fatty acids (LCFA) at a low concentration. We also showed that the LCFA (1% linoleic acid) increased the extracellular dopamine (DA) level in the nucleus accumbens (NAc), which participates in reward behavior. However, the mechanism underlying the involvement of the GPR120-agonistic activity of LCFA in the palatability of dietary fat remains elusive. Therefore, we examined the association between the GPR120-agonistic activity and palatability of LCFA. First, we measured Ca(2+) signaling in HEK293 cells stably expressing GPR120 under stimulation by various LCFAs. We then assessed the palatability of the various LCFAs by testing the licking behavior in mice and measured the changes in the NAc-DA level by in vivo microdialysis. Consequently, 14- to 22-carbon unsaturated LCFAs showed strong GPR120-agonistic activity. Additionally, mice displayed high licking response to unsaturated 16- and 18-carbon LCFAs, and unsaturated 18-carbon LCFA significantly increased the DA level. The licking rate and the LCFA-dependent increase in DA level also correlated well with the GPR120- agonistic activity. These findings demonstrate that chemoreception of LCFA by GPR120 is involved in the recognition and palatability of dietary fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shin-ichi Adachi
- Laboratory of Nutrition Chemistry, Division of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University
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Rønnestad I, Akiba Y, Kaji I, Kaunitz JD. Duodenal luminal nutrient sensing. Curr Opin Pharmacol 2014; 19:67-75. [PMID: 25113991 DOI: 10.1016/j.coph.2014.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2014] [Revised: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The gastrointestinal mucosa is exposed to numerous chemical substances and microorganisms, including macronutrients, micronutrients, bacteria, endogenous ions, and proteins. The regulation of mucosal protection, digestion, absorption and motility is signaled in part by luminal solutes. Therefore, luminal chemosensing is an important mechanism enabling the mucosa to monitor luminal conditions, such as pH, ion concentrations, nutrient quantity, and microflora. The duodenal mucosa shares luminal nutrient receptors with lingual taste receptors in order to detect the five basic tastes, in addition to essential nutrients, and unwanted chemicals. The recent 'de-orphanization' of nutrient sensing G protein-coupled receptors provides an essential component of the mechanism by which the mucosa senses luminal nutrients. In this review, we will update the mechanisms of and underlying physiological and pathological roles in luminal nutrient sensing, with a main focus on the duodenal mucosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivar Rønnestad
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Biology, University of Bergen, N5020 Bergen, Norway
| | - Yasutada Akiba
- Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Brentwood Biomedical Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Izumi Kaji
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Brentwood Biomedical Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA
| | - Jonathan D Kaunitz
- Greater Los Angeles Veterans Affairs Healthcare System, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA; Brentwood Biomedical Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA 90073, USA.
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Bouchard-Mercier A, Rudkowska I, Lemieux S, Couture P, Vohl MC. Polymorphisms in genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation interact with dietary fat intakes to modulate the plasma TG response to a fish oil supplementation. Nutrients 2014; 6:1145-63. [PMID: 24647074 PMCID: PMC3967183 DOI: 10.3390/nu6031145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2013] [Revised: 02/13/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A large inter-individual variability in the plasma triglyceride (TG) response to an omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (n-3 PUFA) supplementation has been observed. The objective was to examine gene-diet interaction effects on the plasma TG response after a fish oil supplementation, between single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) within genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and dietary fat intakes. Two hundred and eight (208) participants were recruited in the greater Quebec City area. The participants completed a six-week fish oil supplementation (5 g fish oil/day: 1.9–2.2 g EPA and 1.1 g DHA). Dietary fat intakes were measured using three-day food records. SNPs within RXRA, CPT1A, ACADVL, ACAA2, ABCD2, ACOX1 and ACAA1 genes were genotyped using TAQMAN methodology. Gene-diet interaction effects on the plasma TG response were observed for SNPs within RXRA (rs11185660, rs10881576 and rs12339187) and ACOX1 (rs17583163) genes. For rs11185660, fold changes in RXRA gene expression levels were different depending on SFA intakes for homozygotes T/T. Gene-diet interaction effects of SNPs within genes involved in fatty acid β-oxidation and dietary fat intakes may be important in understanding the inter-individual variability in plasma TG levels and in the plasma TG response to a fish oil supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Bouchard-Mercier
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd., Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Iwona Rudkowska
- Endocrinology and Nephrology, CHU de Quebec Research Center, 2705 Laurier Blvd., Quebec, QC, G1V 4G2, Canada.
| | - Simone Lemieux
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd., Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Patrick Couture
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd., Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods (INAF), Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Blvd., Quebec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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