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Ferreira G, Vieira P, Alves A, Nunes S, Preguiça I, Martins-Marques T, Ribeiro T, Girão H, Figueirinha A, Salgueiro L, Pintado M, Gomes P, Viana S, Reis F. Effect of Blueberry Supplementation on a Diet-Induced Rat Model of Prediabetes-Focus on Hepatic Lipid Deposition, Endoplasmic Stress Response and Autophagy. Nutrients 2024; 16:513. [PMID: 38398840 PMCID: PMC10892331 DOI: 10.3390/nu16040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Blueberries, red fruits enriched in polyphenols and fibers, are envisaged as a promising nutraceutical intervention in a plethora of metabolic diseases. Prediabetes, an intermediate state between normal glucose tolerance and type 2 diabetes, fuels the development of complications, including hepatic steatosis. In previous work, we have demonstrated that blueberry juice (BJ) supplementation benefits glycemic control and lipid profile, which was accompanied by an amelioration of hepatic mitochondrial bioenergetics. The purpose of this study is to clarify the impact of long-term BJ nutraceutical intervention on cellular mechanisms that govern hepatic lipid homeostasis, namely autophagy and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, in a rat model of prediabetes. Two groups of male Wistar rats, 8-weeks old, were fed a prediabetes-inducing high-fat diet (HFD) and one group was fed a control diet (CD). From the timepoint where the prediabetic phenotype was achieved (week 16) until the end of the study (week 24), one of the HFD-fed groups was daily orally supplemented with 25 g/kg body weight (BW) of BJ (HFD + BJ). BW, caloric intake, glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity were monitored throughout the study. The serum and hepatic lipid contents were quantified. Liver and interscapular brown and epidydimal white adipose tissue depots (iBAT and eWAT) were collected for histological analysis and to assess thermogenesis, ER stress and autophagy markers. The gut microbiota composition and the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) content were determined in colon fecal samples. BJ supplementation positively impacted glycemic control but was unable to prevent obesity and adiposity. BJ-treated animals presented a reduction in fecal SCFAs, increased markers of arrested iBAT thermogenesis and energy expenditure, together with an aggravation of HFD-induced lipotoxicity and hepatic steatosis, which were accompanied by the inhibition of autophagy and ER stress responses in the liver. In conclusion, despite the improvement of glucose tolerance, BJ supplementation promoted a major impact on lipid management mechanisms at liver and AT levels in prediabetic animals, which might affect disease course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gonçalo Ferreira
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.F.); (P.V.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (I.P.); (T.M.-M.); (H.G.); (P.G.); (S.V.)
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004–504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Vieira
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.F.); (P.V.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (I.P.); (T.M.-M.); (H.G.); (P.G.); (S.V.)
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004–504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, 3045-043 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Alves
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.F.); (P.V.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (I.P.); (T.M.-M.); (H.G.); (P.G.); (S.V.)
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004–504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Nunes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.F.); (P.V.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (I.P.); (T.M.-M.); (H.G.); (P.G.); (S.V.)
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004–504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, 3045-043 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Preguiça
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.F.); (P.V.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (I.P.); (T.M.-M.); (H.G.); (P.G.); (S.V.)
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004–504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tânia Martins-Marques
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.F.); (P.V.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (I.P.); (T.M.-M.); (H.G.); (P.G.); (S.V.)
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004–504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Tânia Ribeiro
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (T.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Henrique Girão
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.F.); (P.V.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (I.P.); (T.M.-M.); (H.G.); (P.G.); (S.V.)
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004–504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.); (L.S.)
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.); (L.S.)
- CERES, Chemical Engineering and Renewable Resources for Sustainability, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (T.R.); (M.P.)
| | - Pedro Gomes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.F.); (P.V.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (I.P.); (T.M.-M.); (H.G.); (P.G.); (S.V.)
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004–504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.F.); (P.V.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (I.P.); (T.M.-M.); (H.G.); (P.G.); (S.V.)
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004–504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy, 3045-043 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (G.F.); (P.V.); (A.A.); (S.N.); (I.P.); (T.M.-M.); (H.G.); (P.G.); (S.V.)
- CIBB—Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004–504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-531 Coimbra, Portugal
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Gál R, Halmosi R, Gallyas F, Tschida M, Mutirangura P, Tóth K, Alexy T, Czopf L. Resveratrol and beyond: The Effect of Natural Polyphenols on the Cardiovascular System: A Narrative Review. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2888. [PMID: 38001889 PMCID: PMC10669290 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11112888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are among the leading causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Unhealthy dietary habits have clearly been shown to contribute to the development of CVDs. Beyond the primary nutrients, a healthy diet is also rich in plant-derived compounds. Natural polyphenols, found in fruits, vegetables, and red wine, have a clear role in improving cardiovascular health. In this review, we strive to summarize the results of the relevant pre-clinical and clinical trials that focused on some of the most important natural polyphenols, such as resveratrol and relevant flavonoids. In addition, we aim to identify their common sources, biosynthesis, and describe their mechanism of action including their regulatory effect on signal transduction pathways. Finally, we provide scientific evidence regarding the cardiovascular benefits of moderate, long-term red wine consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Gál
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Róbert Halmosi
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Gallyas
- Department of Biochemistry and Medical Chemistry, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary;
| | - Michael Tschida
- Medical School, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Pornthira Mutirangura
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Kálmán Tóth
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
- Szentágothai Research Centre, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary
| | - Tamás Alexy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - László Czopf
- Division of Cardiology, 1st Department of Medicine, Medical School, University of Pecs, 7624 Pecs, Hungary; (R.G.); (R.H.); (K.T.)
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Nna VU, McGrowder D, Nwokocha C. Nutraceutical management of metabolic syndrome as a palliative and a therapeutic to coronavirus disease (COVID) crisis. Arch Physiol Biochem 2023; 129:1123-1142. [PMID: 33770443 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2021.1903041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The global market for medicinal plants and herbs is on the increase due to their desirability, efficacy, and less adverse effects as complementary and alternative medications to the orthodox pharmaceuticals, perhaps due to their natural components and qualities. Metabolic syndromes are managed with changes in diet, exercise, lifestyle modifications and the use of pharmacological agents. Plants are now known to have potent antioxidant and cholinergic activities which are relevant to the management of several metabolic syndromes, which are unfortunately, co-morbidity factors in the coronavirus disease crisis. This review will focus on the biological activities of some plant products used as complementary and alternative medicines in the management of metabolic syndromes, and on their reported antiviral, antithrombotic, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitory properties, which are integral to their usage in the management of viral infections and may give an avenue for prophylactic and therapeutics especially in the absence of vaccines/formulated antiviral therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor Udo Nna
- Department of Physiology, College of Medical Sciences, University of Calabar, Calabar, Nigeria
| | - Donovan McGrowder
- Department of Pathology, The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Chukwuemeka Nwokocha
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences (Physiology Section), The University of the West Indies, Mona, Jamaica
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Marino M, Venturi S, Rendine M, Porrini M, Gardana C, Klimis-Zacas D, Del Bo' C, Riso P. Wild blueberry ( V. angustifolium) improves TNFα-induced cell barrier permeability through claudin-1 and oxidative stress modulation in Caco-2 cells. Food Funct 2023; 14:7387-7399. [PMID: 37486007 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo00835e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence links the impairment of intestinal permeability (IP), a feature of the intestinal barrier, to numerous dysmetabolic and dysfunctional conditions. Several host and environmental factors, including dietary factors, can negatively and/or positively affect IP. In this regard, polyphenol-rich foods including berries have been proposed as potential IP modulators. However, the exact mechanisms involved are not yet fully elucidated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of a wild blueberry (WB; V. angustifolium) powder, naturally rich in polyphenols, to affect Caco-2 cell monolayer permeability and to identify the potential mechanisms in modulating the IP process. Caco-2 cells were incubated with TNF-α (10 ng mL-1), as a pro-inflammatory stimulus, and supplemented for 24 hours with different concentrations (1 and 5 mg mL-1) of WB powder. The integrity of the intestinal cell monolayer was evaluated by measuring the transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) and the paracellular transport of FITC-dextran. In addition, the production of the tight junction proteins, such as claudin-1 and occludin, as well as protein carbonyl and 8-hydroxy 2 deoxyguanosine, as oxidative stress markers, were quantified in the supernatant by ELISA kits. Overall, the treatment with WB powder (5 mg mL-1) mitigated the loss of Caco-2 cell barrier integrity, as documented by an increase in TEER and a reduction in FITC values. This modulation was accompanied by an upregulation of claudin-1 and a reduction of 8-OHdG. Conversely, no effect was documented for the lower concentration (1 mg mL-1) and the other IP markers, as well as oxidative stress markers analysed. In conclusion, our findings suggest a potential role of WB in the modulation of cell barrier integrity. This modulation process could be attributed to an increase in claudin-1 expression and a reduction in 8-OHdG. Further studies should be performed to corroborate the results obtained. In addition, since the effects were observed at doses of WB achievable with the diet, these findings should be substantiated also through in vivo approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirko Marino
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Samuele Venturi
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marco Rendine
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Marisa Porrini
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Claudio Gardana
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | | | - Cristian Del Bo'
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Riso
- Università degli Studi di Milano, DeFENS - Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
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Ahmadi B, Ramezani Ahmadi A, Jafari M, Morshedzadeh N. The association of dietary phytochemical index and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Food Sci Nutr 2023; 11:4010-4019. [PMID: 37457157 PMCID: PMC10345673 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.3389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Consumption of phytochemical-rich foods relates to the prevention of chronic diseases. In this study we assessed the dietary phytochemical index (PI) in metabolic parameters, liver enzymes, and severity of fibrosis among nonalcoholic fatty liver disease patients. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 210 patients with NAFLD. Fibrosis-4 index (FLB4), nonalcoholic fatty liver disease fibrosis score (NFS), FBS, lipids profile, AST, ALT, ALP, and GGT were measured. PI was calculated through the information obtained from a validated semi-quantitative food frequency. Multiple regression models were used to estimate mean difference changes in the evaluated variables associated with various dietary PI. Participants' mean ± SD of age and BMI were 39.23 ± 10.52 and 24.40 ± 2.64, respectively. We found that DPI is inversely associated with serum TG, TC, and LDL-C and directly associated with serum HDL-C and a higher score in DPI is associated with lower scores in NFS and FIB-4. Multivariate linear regression showed that there is an inverse association between DPI and AST, ALT, ALP, GGT, NFS, and FIB-4. Higher dietary PI could impact on reduction of NAFLD progression and improvement of metabolic parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bijan Ahmadi
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research CenterKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | | | - Mohamadreza Jafari
- Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Public HealthKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
| | - Nava Morshedzadeh
- Gastroenterology and Hepatology Research CenterKerman University of Medical SciencesKermanIran
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Sotelo-González AM, Reynoso-Camacho R, Hernández-Calvillo AK, Castañón-Servín AP, García-Gutiérrez DG, Gómez-Velázquez HDDJ, Martínez-Maldonado MÁ, de los Ríos EA, Pérez-Ramírez IF. Strawberry, Blueberry, and Strawberry-Blueberry Blend Beverages Prevent Hepatic Steatosis in Obese Rats by Modulating Key Genes Involved in Lipid Metabolism. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2023; 20:4418. [PMID: 36901426 PMCID: PMC10002361 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20054418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
There is an increasing interest in developing natural herb-infused functional beverages with health benefits; therefore, in this study, we aimed to evaluate the effect of strawberry, blueberry, and strawberry-blueberry blend decoction-based functional beverages on obesity-related metabolic alterations in high-fat and high-fructose diet-fed rats. The administration of the three berry-based beverages for eighteen weeks prevented the development of hypertriglyceridemia in obese rats (1.29-1.78-fold) and hepatic triglyceride accumulation (1.38-1.61-fold), preventing the development of hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, all beverages significantly down-regulated Fasn hepatic expression, whereas the strawberry beverage showed the greatest down-regulation of Acaca, involved in fatty acid de novo synthesis. Moreover, the strawberry beverage showed the most significant up-regulation of hepatic Cpt1 and Acadm (fatty acid β-oxidation). In contrast, the blueberry beverage showed the most significant down-regulation of hepatic Fatp5 and Cd36 (fatty acid intracellular transport). Nevertheless, no beneficial effect was observed on biometric measurements, adipose tissue composition, and insulin resistance. On the other hand, several urolithins and their derivatives, and other urinary polyphenol metabolites were identified after the strawberry-based beverages supplementation. In contrast, enterolactone was found significantly increase after the intake of blueberry-based beverages. These results demonstrate that functional beverages elaborated with berry fruits prevent diet-induced hypertriglyceridemia and hepatic steatosis by modulating critical genes involved in fatty acid hepatic metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Haiku Daniel de Jesús Gómez-Velázquez
- Chemistry School, Universidad Autónoma de Querétaro, Querétaro 76010, Mexico
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Cuautilán, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Querétaro 76231, Mexico
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de Oliveira MS, Pellenz FM, de Souza BM, Crispim D. Blueberry Consumption and Changes in Obesity and Diabetes Mellitus Outcomes: A Systematic Review. Metabolites 2022; 13:metabo13010019. [PMID: 36676944 PMCID: PMC9861336 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13010019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Low-grade inflammation and oxidative stress are key mechanisms involved in obesity and related disorders. Polyphenols from blueberry (BB) and bilberries (BiB) might protect against oxidative damage and inflammation. To summarize the effects of BiB or BB consumption in parameters related to obesity and its comorbidities, a search of the literature was performed in PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library repositories to identify all studies that evaluated associations of whole BB or BiB with obesity and associated disorders. Thirty-one studies were eligible for inclusion in this review: eight clinical trials and 23 animal studies. In humans, BB consumption only consistently decreased oxidative stress and improved endothelial function. In rodents, BB or BiB consumption caused positive effects on glucose tolerance, nuclear factor-kappa B (Nf-κb) activity, oxidative stress, and triglyceride (TG) content in the liver and hepatic steatosis. The high content of anthocyanins present in BB and BiB seems to attenuate oxidative stress. The decrease in oxidative stress may have a positive impact on glucose tolerance and endothelial function. Moreover, in rodents, these berries seem to protect against hepatic steatosis, through the decreased accumulation of hepatic TGs. BB and BiB might also attenuate inflammation by decreasing Nf-κb activity and immune cell recruitment into the adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayara Souza de Oliveira
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
| | - Felipe Mateus Pellenz
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
| | - Bianca Marmontel de Souza
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
- ULB Center for Diabetes Research, Medical Faculty, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daisy Crispim
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre 90035-903, RS, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Medical Sciences: Endocrinology, Faculty of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 90010-150, RS, Brazil
- Correspondence:
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Chai Z, Yan Y, Zan S, Meng X, Zhang F. Probiotic-fermented blueberry pomace alleviates obesity and hyperlipidemia in high-fat diet C57BL/6J mice. Food Res Int 2022; 157:111396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.111396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 05/10/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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The Multifunctional Role of Herbal Products in the Management of Diabetes and Obesity: A Comprehensive Review. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27051713. [PMID: 35268815 PMCID: PMC8911649 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes are the most demanding health problems today, and their prevalence, as well as comorbidities, is on the rise all over the world. As time goes on, both are becoming big issues that have a big impact on people’s lives. Diabetes is a metabolic and endocrine illness set apart by hyperglycemia and glucose narrow-mindedness because of insulin opposition. Heftiness is a typical, complex, and developing overall wellbeing worry that has for quite some time been connected to significant medical issues in individuals, all things considered. Because of the wide variety and low adverse effects, herbal products are an important hotspot for drug development. Synthetic compounds are not structurally diverse and lack drug-likeness properties. Thus, it is basic to keep on exploring herbal products as possible wellsprings of novel drugs. We conducted this review of the literature by searching Scopus, Science Direct, Elsevier, PubMed, and Web of Science databases. From 1990 until October 2021, research reports, review articles, and original research articles in English are presented. It provides top to bottom data and an examination of plant-inferred compounds that might be utilized against heftiness or potentially hostile to diabetes treatments. Our expanded comprehension of the systems of activity of phytogenic compounds, as an extra examination, could prompt the advancement of remedial methodologies for metabolic diseases. In clinical trials, a huge number of these food kinds or restorative plants, as well as their bioactive compounds, have been shown to be beneficial in the treatment of obesity.
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Nunes S, Vieira P, Gomes P, Viana SD, Reis F. Blueberry as an Attractive Functional Fruit to Prevent (Pre)Diabetes Progression. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:1162. [PMID: 34439410 PMCID: PMC8389043 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10081162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prediabetes, a subclinical impairment between euglycemia and hyperglycemia, is a risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and associated micro- and macrovascular complications. Lifestyle therapy, the first-line treatment of prediabetes, includes physical exercise and dietary regimens enriched in phytochemicals with health-related properties. Blueberries (Vaccinium spp.), given their pleasant taste and great abundance in beneficial phytochemicals, have gained public interest all over the world. Along with a high antioxidant activity, this functional fruit is also well-recognized due to its hypoglycemic and insulin-sensitizing effects and has been recommended for overt T2DM management. Yet blueberries target several other pathophysiological traits, namely gut microbiota dysbiosis and hepatic dysmetabolism, that ensue when prediabetes begins and for which pharmacological interventions tend to be delayed. In this work, we revisited preclinical data from in vitro assays, animal models and human studies, aiming to disclose the potential mechanisms by which blueberries may be a fruitful source of phytochemicals able to prevent (pre)diabetes progression. Collectively, future efforts should focus on longer-term studies with standardized interventions and readouts, particularly in humans, that will hopefully bring more robust evidence and concrete guidance for blueberries' effective use in prediabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nunes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (P.V.); (P.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Vieira
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (P.V.); (P.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Pedro Gomes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (P.V.); (P.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
- CINTESIS—Center for Health Technology and Services Research, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
| | - Sofia Domingues Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (P.V.); (P.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Pharmacy/Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (P.V.); (P.G.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
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Rousseau M, Horne J, Guénard F, de Toro-Martín J, Garneau V, Guay V, Kearney M, Pilon G, Roy D, Couture P, Couillard C, Marette A, Vohl MC. An 8-week freeze-dried blueberry supplement impacts immune-related pathways: a randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. GENES AND NUTRITION 2021; 16:7. [PMID: 34000994 PMCID: PMC8130140 DOI: 10.1186/s12263-021-00688-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Blueberries contain high levels of polyphenolic compounds with high in vitro antioxidant capacities. Their consumption has been associated with improved vascular and metabolic health. Purpose The objective was to examine the effects of blueberry supplement consumption on metabolic syndrome (MetS) parameters and potential underlying mechanisms of action. Methods A randomized double-blind placebo-controlled intervention trial was conducted in adults at risk of developing MetS. Participants consumed 50 g daily of either a freeze-dried highbush blueberry powder (BBP) or a placebo powder for 8 weeks (n = 49). MetS phenotypes were assessed at weeks 0, 4 and 8. Fasting blood gene expression profiles and plasma metabolomic profiles were examined at baseline and week 8 to assess metabolic changes occurring in response to the BBP. A per-protocol analysis was used. Results A significant treatment effect was observed for plasma triglyceride levels that was no longer significant after further adjustments for age, sex, BMI and baseline values. In addition, the treatment*time interactions were non-significant therefore suggesting that compared with the placebo, BBP had no statistically significant effect on body weight, blood pressure, fasting plasma lipid, insulin and glucose levels, insulin resistance (or sensitivity) or glycated hemoglobin concentrations. There were significant changes in the expression of 49 genes and in the abundance of 35 metabolites following BBP consumption. Differentially regulated genes were clustered in immune-related pathways. Conclusion An 8-week BBP intervention did not significantly improve traditional markers of cardiometabolic health in adults at risk of developing MetS. However, changes in gene expression and metabolite abundance suggest that clinically significant cardiometabolic changes could take longer than 8 weeks to present and/or could result from whole blueberry consumption or a higher dosage. BBP may also have an effect on factors such as immunity even within a shorter 8-week timeframe. Clinical trial registration clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03266055, 2017 Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12263-021-00688-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michèle Rousseau
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)-Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Justine Horne
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)-Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guénard
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)-Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Juan de Toro-Martín
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)-Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Véronique Garneau
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)-Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Valérie Guay
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)-Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Michèle Kearney
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)-Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Geneviève Pilon
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)-Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Québec Heart and Lung Institute (IUCPQ) Research Center, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Denis Roy
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)-Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Patrick Couture
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)-Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - Charles Couillard
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)-Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - André Marette
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)-Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.,Québec Heart and Lung Institute (IUCPQ) Research Center, 2725 chemin Sainte-Foy, Québec, QC, G1V 4G5, Canada
| | - Marie-Claude Vohl
- Centre Nutrition, santé et société (NUTRISS)-Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada. .,School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC, G1V 0A6, Canada.
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Mehmood A, Zhao L, Wang Y, Pan F, Hao S, Zhang H, Iftikhar A, Usman M. Dietary anthocyanins as potential natural modulators for the prevention and treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A comprehensive review. Food Res Int 2021; 142:110180. [PMID: 33773656 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2021.110180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to a metabolic syndrome linked with type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. It is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides in the hepatocytes in the absence of alcohol consumption. The prevalence of NAFLD has abruptly increased worldwide, with no effective treatment yet available. Anthocyanins (ACNs) belong to the flavonoid subclass of polyphenols, are commonly present in various edible plants, and possess a broad array of health-promoting properties. ACNs have been shown to have strong potential to combat NAFLD. We critically assessed the literature regarding the pharmacological mechanisms and biopharmaceutical features of the action of ACNs on NAFLD in humans and animal models. We found that ACNs ameliorate NAFLD by improving lipid and glucose metabolism, increasing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities, and regulating gut microbiota dysbiosis. In conclusion, ACNs have potential to attenuate NAFLD. However, further mechanistic studies are required to confirm these beneficial impacts of ACNs on NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arshad Mehmood
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China.
| | - Yong Wang
- Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
| | - Fei Pan
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Shuai Hao
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Huimin Zhang
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
| | - Asra Iftikhar
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, The University of Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Beijing Advance Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Beijing Engineering and Technology Research Center of Food Additives, School of Food and Health, Beijing Technology and Business University, Beijing 100048, China
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VandenAkker NE, Vendrame S, Tsakiroglou P, McGilvrey M, Klimis-Zacas D. Whole Red Raspberry ( Rubus idaeus)-Enriched Diet Is Hepatoprotective in the Obese Zucker Rat, a Model of the Metabolic Syndrome. J Med Food 2020; 24:817-824. [PMID: 33227217 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2020.0130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is a major risk factor of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The effect of whole red raspberry (WRR) consumption on lipid metabolism was investigated in the obese Zucker rat (OZR), a model for the MetS. Male OZRs (n = 16) and their lean littermates (lean Zucker rat) (n = 16) at 8 weeks of age were placed on a control or an 8% WRR-enriched diet for 8 weeks. Plasma triglycerides (TGs), total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and non-HDL-C levels, and hepatic concentration of TG were measured. The expression of nine genes related to lipid metabolism was evaluated, both in liver and adipose tissue. A WRR-enriched diet reduced plasma cholesterol and HDL-C and increased plasma TG, while it decreased hepatic TG accumulation in the OZR. The OZR assigned to a WRR exhibited upregulation of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (Mttp) and downregulation of fatty acid synthase (Fas) expression in the liver. Results showed a decrease in accumulation of liver TG and gene expression modulation of enzymes and transcription factors associated with lipid metabolism, suggesting a possible hepatoprotective role of a WRR-enriched diet.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stefano Vendrame
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
| | | | - Marissa McGilvrey
- School of Food and Agriculture, University of Maine, Orono, Maine, USA
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Anthocyanin Bioactivity in Obesity and Diabetes: The Essential Role of Glucose Transporters in the Gut and Periphery. Cells 2020; 9:cells9112515. [PMID: 33233708 PMCID: PMC7699863 DOI: 10.3390/cells9112515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and type-2 diabetes trends continue to worsen in the United States. Dietary anthocyanins (typically provided by berries and other fruits) are reported to have protective effects against both conditions using a variety of experimental research models including animal and human feeding studies. This review highlights studies that explore the biochemical pathways in both tissue and rodent models which could explain clinical improvements noted with anthocyanin consumption. First, the primary mode of intestinal absorption of anthocyanins is through both sGLT1 and GLUT2 glucose transporters. Stronger binding affinities may allow anthocyanins to be more inhibitive to glucose absorption compared to the reverse, where GLUT2 expression may also be affected. Genetic or chemical inhibition of sGLT1 or GLUT2 demonstrate their essential function in anthocyanin absorption across the enterocyte, where the former interacts with a greater variety of anthocyanins but the latter is the major transporter for specific anthocyanin-glycosides. Once absorbed, anthocyanins positively modulate GLUT4 density and function in both skeletal muscle and adipose tissues via the upregulation of AMPK and restoration of insulin sensitivity. Antioxidant properties and phosphodiesterase inhibition by anthocyanins promote both mitochondrial function and density which could be novel targets for dietary management of obesity and its complications.
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Nunes S, Viana SD, Preguiça I, Alves A, Fernandes R, Teodoro JS, Figueirinha A, Salgueiro L, Silva S, Jarak I, Carvalho RA, Cavadas C, Rolo AP, Palmeira CM, Pintado MM, Reis F. Blueberry Consumption Challenges Hepatic Mitochondrial Bioenergetics and Elicits Transcriptomics Reprogramming in Healthy Wistar Rats. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12111094. [PMID: 33202669 PMCID: PMC7697217 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12111094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
An emergent trend of blueberries’ (BB) “prophylactic” consumption, due to their phytochemicals’ richness and well-known health-promoting claims, is widely scaled-up. However, the benefits arising from BB indiscriminate intake remains puzzling based on incongruent preclinical and human data. To provide a more in-depth elucidation and support towards a healthier and safer consumption, we conducted a translation-minded experimental study in healthy Wistar rats that consumed BB in a juice form (25 g/kg body weight (BW)/day; 14 weeks’ protocol). Particular attention was paid to the physiological adaptations succeeding in the gut and liver tissues regarding the acknowledged BB-induced metabolic benefits. Systemically, BB boosted serum antioxidant activity and repressed the circulating levels of 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB) ketone bodies and 3-HB/acetoacetate ratio. Moreover, BB elicited increased fecal succinic acid levels without major changes on gut microbiota (GM) composition and gut ultra-structural organization. Remarkably, an accentuated hepatic mitochondrial bioenergetic challenge, ensuing metabolic transcriptomic reprogramming along with a concerted anti-inflammatory pre-conditioning, was clearly detected upon long-term consumption of BB phytochemicals. Altogether, the results disclosed herein portray a quiescent mitochondrial-related metabolomics and hint for a unified adaptive response to this nutritional challenge. The beneficial or noxious consequences arising from this dietary trend should be carefully interpreted and necessarily claims future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Nunes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sofia D. Viana
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Polytechnic Institute of Coimbra, ESTESC-Coimbra Health School, Pharmacy/Biomedical Laboratory Sciences, 3046-854 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Inês Preguiça
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - André Alves
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Rosa Fernandes
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João S. Teodoro
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.S.T.); (R.A.C.); (A.P.R.); (C.M.P.)
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Artur Figueirinha
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.); (L.S.)
- LAQV, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.); (L.S.)
- CIEPQPF, Chemical Process Engineering and Forest Products Research Centre, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara Silva
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Ivana Jarak
- Department of Microscopy, Laboratory of Cell Biology and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Rui A. Carvalho
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.S.T.); (R.A.C.); (A.P.R.); (C.M.P.)
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry-Clean Technologies and Processes, REQUIMTE, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Porto, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Cláudia Cavadas
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (A.F.); (L.S.)
| | - Anabela P. Rolo
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.S.T.); (R.A.C.); (A.P.R.); (C.M.P.)
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos M. Palmeira
- Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology (FCTUC), University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.S.T.); (R.A.C.); (A.P.R.); (C.M.P.)
- Center for Neurosciences and Cell Biology of Coimbra (CNC), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria M. Pintado
- CBQF—Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina—Laboratório Associado, Universidade Católica Portuguesa, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Rua Diogo Botelho 1327, 4169-005 Porto, Portugal; (S.S.); (M.M.P.)
| | - Flávio Reis
- Institute of Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics & Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (iCBR), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal; (S.N.); (S.D.V.); (I.P.); (A.A.); (R.F.)
- Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-239-480-053
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Mattioli R, Francioso A, Mosca L, Silva P. Anthocyanins: A Comprehensive Review of Their Chemical Properties and Health Effects on Cardiovascular and Neurodegenerative Diseases. Molecules 2020; 25:E3809. [PMID: 32825684 PMCID: PMC7504512 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25173809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 63.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Anthocyanins are a class of water-soluble flavonoids widely present in fruits and vegetables. Dietary sources of anthocyanins include red and purple berries, grapes, apples, plums, cabbage, or foods containing high levels of natural colorants. Cyanidin, delphinidin, malvidin, peonidin, petunidin, and pelargonidin are the six common anthocyanidins. Following consumption, anthocyanin, absorption occurs along the gastrointestinal tract, the distal lower bowel being the place where most of the absorption and metabolism occurs. In the intestine, anthocyanins first undergo extensive microbial catabolism followed by absorption and human phase II metabolism. This produces hybrid microbial-human metabolites which are absorbed and subsequently increase the bioavailability of anthocyanins. Health benefits of anthocyanins have been widely described, especially in the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress, such as cardiovascular and neurodegenerative diseases. Furthermore, recent evidence suggests that health-promoting effects attributed to anthocyanins may also be related to modulation of gut microbiota. In this paper we attempt to provide a comprehensive view of the state-of-the-art literature on anthocyanins, summarizing recent findings on their chemistry, biosynthesis, nutritional value and on their effects on human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto Mattioli
- Department of Sciences, RomaTre University, v.le G. Marconi 446, 00146 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Francioso
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Luciana Mosca
- Department of Biochemical Sciences, Sapienza University, p.le Aldo Moro, 5, 00185 Rome, Italy;
| | - Paula Silva
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira n°228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
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Stote KS, Wilson MM, Hallenbeck D, Thomas K, Rourke JM, Sweeney MI, Gottschall-Pass KT, Gosmanov AR. Effect of Blueberry Consumption on Cardiometabolic Health Parameters in Men with Type 2 Diabetes: An 8-Week, Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Curr Dev Nutr 2020; 4:nzaa030. [PMID: 32337475 PMCID: PMC7170047 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2019] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Blueberries are dietary sources of polyphenols, specifically anthocyanins. Anthocyanins have been identified as having a strong association with type 2 diabetes risk reduction; however, to date few human clinical trials have evaluated the potential beneficial health effects of blueberries in populations with type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVES We investigated the effects of blueberry consumption for 8 wk on cardiometabolic parameters in men with type 2 diabetes. METHODS In a double-blind, parallel-arm, randomized controlled trial, 52 men who are US veterans [mean baseline characteristics: age, 67 y (range: 51-75 y); weight, 102 kg (range: 80-130 kg); BMI (in kg/m2), 34 (range: 26-45)] were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 intervention groups. The interventions were either 22 g freeze-dried blueberries or 22 g placebo. The study participants were asked to consume 11 g freeze-dried blueberries or placebo with each of their morning and evening meals along with their typical diet. RESULTS Mean ± SE hemoglobin A1c (7.1% ± 0.1% compared with 7.5% ± 0.2%; P = 0.03), fructosamine (275.5 ± 4.1 compared with 292.4 ± 7.9 µmol/L; P = 0.04), triglycerides (179.6 ± 10.1 compared with 199.6 ± 19.9 mg/dL; P = 0.03), aspartate transaminase (23.2 ± 1.4 compared with 30.5 ± 2.7 units/L; P = 0.02), and alanine transaminase (35.6 ± 1.5 compared with 48.3 ± 2.9 units/L; P = 0.0003) were significantly lower for those consuming blueberries for 8 wk than for those consuming the placebo. Fasting plasma glucose concentrations; serum insulin, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, and C-reactive protein concentrations; blood pressure; and body weight were not significantly different after 8 wk consumption of blueberries compared with the placebo. CONCLUSIONS Consumption of 22 g freeze-dried blueberries for 8 wk may beneficially affect cardiometabolic health parameters in men with type 2 diabetes.This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02972996.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim S Stote
- Department of Research, Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Margaret M Wilson
- Department of Endocrinology, Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, USA
| | - Deborah Hallenbeck
- Department of Primary Care Services, Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, NY, USA
| | - Krista Thomas
- School of Health Science, The Sage Colleges, Troy, NY, USA
| | - Joanne M Rourke
- Department of Endocrinology, Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, USA
| | - Marva I Sweeney
- Department of Biology, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Katherine T Gottschall-Pass
- Department of Applied Human Sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, Canada
| | - Aidar R Gosmanov
- Department of Endocrinology, Stratton VA Medical Center, Albany, USA
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Aboonabi A, Meyer RR, Gaiz A, Singh I. Anthocyanins in berries exhibited anti-atherogenicity and antiplatelet activities in a metabolic syndrome population. Nutr Res 2020; 76:82-93. [PMID: 32217379 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2020.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a global challenge for atherosclerosis. It was hypothesized that a four-week consumption of anthocyanin supplements by MetS patients who had three or more risk factors linked with metabolic syndrome would have a greater improvement in cardiometabolic biomarkers and would also reduce the risk of thrombosis. A total of 55 participants in two groups of Normal healthy and MetS (age 25-75y) were given 320 mg anthocyanin supplements twice daily for 4 weeks. Platelet coagulant activities, lipid profiles, fasting blood glucose, and inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers were measured before and after supplementation to evaluate the atheroprotective effects of anthocyanins in the study subjects. Four weeks of anthocyanin supplementation significantly decreased cardiometabolic risk factors including the average serum fasting blood glucose (FBG) (by 13.3%, P < .05) and lipid profiles by significant reduction in triglyceride (by 24.9%, P < .05) and LDL-C (by 33.1%, P < .05) in the MetS group. Anthocyanin supplementation also decreased high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) level (by 28%, P < .05) in females. However, no significant differences in serum UA (uric acid) and HDL-C were observed between anthocyanin pre- and post-treatment in both groups. Moreover, Anthocyanin supplements decreased ADP-induced platelet activation configuration expressed as P-selectin by 40% (P < .05). There was a positive correlation between decreased hs-CRP values and the levels of LDL-C and FBG in the MetS group (P < .05). These results support the hypothesis that anthocyanin supplementation exerts anti-atherogenicity effects by improving cardiometabolic risk factors and reducing thrombogenicity in the MetS population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anahita Aboonabi
- School of Medical Science, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia.
| | - Roselyn Rose Meyer
- School of Medical Science, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia.
| | - Almottesembellah Gaiz
- School of Medical Science, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia.
| | - Indu Singh
- School of Medical Science, Gold Coast Campus, Parklands Drive, Southport, Queensland 4222, Australia.
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Marrelli M, Statti G, Conforti F. A Review of Biologically Active Natural Products from Mediterranean Wild Edible Plants: Benefits in the Treatment of Obesity and Its Related Disorders. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25030649. [PMID: 32028716 PMCID: PMC7036856 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25030649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2020] [Accepted: 02/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Wild foods constitute an essential component of people’s diets around the world. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), over 100 million people in the EU consume wild foods, while 65 million collect some form of wild food themselves. The Mediterranean basin is a biodiversity hotspot of wild edible species. Nowadays, due to the renewed interest in alimurgic plants and the recent findings on the beneficial role of their phytochemical constituents, these species have been defined as “new functional foods”. Research on natural products has recently regained importance with the growing understanding of their biological significance. Botanical food supplements marketed for weight and fat loss in obese subjects will be one of the most important items in marketed nutraceuticals. The aim of this report was to review the phytochemical compounds of Mediterranean wild edible species and their therapeutic potential against obesity and its related disorders. Results on the in vitro and in vivo activity of the most interesting plant extracts and their bioactive components are presented and discussed. The most interesting discoveries on their mechanisms of action are reported as well. Overall, this contribution highlights the importance and beneficial health roles of wild edible species.
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21
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Liu Y, Zhang D, Liu GM, Chen Q, Lu Z. Ameliorative effect of dieckol-enriched extraction from Laminaria japonica on hepatic steatosis induced by a high-fat diet via β-oxidation pathway in ICR mice. J Funct Foods 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2019.04.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
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22
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Chen YP, Sivalingam K, Shibu MA, Peramaiyan R, Day CH, Shen CY, Lai CH, Chen RJ, Viswanadha VP, Chen YF, Huang CY. Protective effect of Fisetin against angiotensin II-induced apoptosis by activation of IGF-IR-PI3K-Akt signaling in H9c2 cells and spontaneous hypertension rats. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 57:1-8. [PMID: 30668312 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.09.179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/17/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fisetin, a polyphenolic compound, has drawn notable attention owing to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer and neuroprotective effects. However, the cardiac effects of fisetin are not clear yet. HYPOTHESIS The aim of the present study is to examine the cardioprotective effect of fisetin against Ang-II induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells and in spontaneous hypertensive rats (SHR). METHODS/STUDY DESIGN The in vitro protective effect of fisetin was evaluated after the cells were treated with fisetin (50 µM/ml/ 24 h) for 2 h prior or after Ang-II administration to induce apoptosis. For in vivo experiments, SHRs were orally administered with fisetin (10 mg/kg) twice a week for 6 weeks. Cellular apoptosis was analyzed by TUNEL staining assay and the modulation in the expression levels of proteins involved in apoptosis and cell survival were determined by western blotting. RESULTS Our results demonstrate the potent cardioprotective efficacy of fisetin against Ang-II induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells and in SHR models. Fisetin administration reduced the apoptotic nuclei considerably And reduced the expression of apoptotic proteins such as TNF- α, Fas L, FADD, Cleaved caspase-3 and Cleaved PARP and increased the cell survival and anti-apoptotic proteins like Bcl-2, Bcl-xL, p-IGF1R, p-PI3K and p-AKT in both in vitro and in vivo models. CONCLUSION In conclusion, the results of the present study reveal that fisetin activates the IGF-IR-dependent p-PI3K/p-Akt survival signaling pathway and suppresses the caspase dependent apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeh-Peng Chen
- Ph.D. Program for Aging, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kalaiselvi Sivalingam
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Rajendran Peramaiyan
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Yao Shen
- Department of Nursing, MeiHo University, Pingtung, 91202, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, 11031, Taiwan
| | | | - Ya-Fang Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Taichung Veteran's General Hospital, Taichung, 40705, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; School of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan.
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Veiga M, Costa EM, Silva S, Pintado M. Impact of plant extracts upon human health: A review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:873-886. [PMID: 30501504 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1540969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
With the increase in evidences directly linking diet and health, several foodstuffs, such as phenolic rich fruits and vegetables, have emerged as possessing potential health benefits. Plants, given their fiber and phenolic content (and their intrinsic biological potential), have long been considered as contributing to health promotion. Therefore, the present work aimed to review the existing evidences regarding the various potential benefits of plant extracts' and plant extract-based products' consumption, with emphasis on in vivo works and epidemiological studies whenever available. Overall, the information available supports that, while there are indications of the potential benefits of plant extracts' consumption, further human-based studies are still needed to establish a true cause-effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Veiga
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo M Costa
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Sara Silva
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
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24
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Jiang X, Li X, Zhu C, Sun J, Tian L, Chen W, Bai W. The target cells of anthocyanins in metabolic syndrome. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:921-946. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1491022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xinwei Jiang
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xusheng Li
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Cuijuan Zhu
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jianxia Sun
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lingmin Tian
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, P. R. China
| | - Weibin Bai
- Department of Food Science and Engineering, Institute of Food Safety and Nutrition, Guangdong Engineering Technology Center of Food Safety Molecular Rapid Detection, Jinan University, Guangzhou, PR China
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25
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Alkhalf MI, Khalifa FK. Blueberry extract attenuates γ-radiation-induced hepatocyte damage by modulating oxidative stress and suppressing NF-κB in male rats. Saudi J Biol Sci 2018; 25:1272-1277. [PMID: 30505169 PMCID: PMC6252040 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2018] [Revised: 06/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Radiation exposure is known to produce many harmful effects in biological systems, and these effects are often mediated by oxygen free radicals. Because blueberries are rich in antioxidant compounds such as anthocyanins and phenolic acids, we divided forty adult rats into four treatment groups of 10 (G1-4) as follows: G1 rats were used as a control, G2 rats were irradiated with 8 Gy at 2 Gy/week at a dose rate of 0.5 Gy/min, G3 rats were administered blueberry extract (200 mg/kg) and G4 rats were administered blueberry extract during the same irradiation period. In subsequent determinations, γ-irradiated rats had increased levels of cholesterol, triglyceride, high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL), and significantly elevated liver enzyme activities, including alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and total bilirubin. In contrast, significant reductions in albumin, total protein and globulin were observed, whereas gamma irradiation decreased activities of the antioxidant enzymes glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), xanthine dehydrogenase (XDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). We also observed incremental increases in DNA fragmentation percentages and histopathological changes in liver tissues. Serum pro-inflammatory cytokine levels (IL-6, IL-10 and TNF-α) were significantly elevated and hepatic NF-кB was upregulated. In G4 rats, treatments with blueberry extract restored liver pro-oxidant status, reduced cytokine levels, ameliorated histopathological parameters and reduced DNA damage. In conclusion, γ-radiation exerts toxic effects in the rat livers, and blueberry extract is protective against these.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha I. Alkhalf
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Applied Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Science – AL Faisaliah Campus-University of Jeddah, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fares K. Khalifa
- Biochemistry Department, Science Faculty in Alsolimania, King Abdulaziz University, Saudi Arabia
- Biochemistry and Nutrition Department, Women College, Ain Shams University, Egypt
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26
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Silva S, Costa EM, Veiga M, Morais RM, Calhau C, Pintado M. Health promoting properties of blueberries: a review. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 60:181-200. [PMID: 30373383 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1518895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With the strengthening of the link between diet and health, several foodstuffs have emerged as possessing potential health benefits such as phenolic rich fruits and vegetables. Blueberries, along with other berries, given their flavonoid and antioxidant content have long since been considered as a particularly interesting health promoting fruit. Therefore, the present work aimed to compile the existing evidences regarding the various potential benefits of blueberry and blueberry based products consumption, giving particular relevance to in vivo works and epidemiological studies whenever available. Overall, the results demonstrate that, while the evidences that support a beneficial role of blueberry and blueberry extracts consumption, further human based studies are still needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Silva
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Eduardo M Costa
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Mariana Veiga
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rui M Morais
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Conceição Calhau
- Nutrição e Metabolismo, NOVA Medical School, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.,CINTESIS, Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Portugal
| | - Manuela Pintado
- CBQF - Centro de Biotecnologia e Química Fina - Laboratório Associado, Escola Superior de Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Portuguesa/Porto, Porto, Portugal
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27
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Ma L, Sun Z, Zeng Y, Luo M, Yang J. Molecular Mechanism and Health Role of Functional Ingredients in Blueberry for Chronic Disease in Human Beings. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2785. [PMID: 30223619 PMCID: PMC6164568 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Functional ingredients in blueberry have the best health benefits. To obtain a better understanding of the health role of blueberry in chronic disease, we conducted systematic preventive strategies for functional ingredients in blueberry, based on comprehensive databases, especially PubMed, ISI Web of Science, and CNKI for the period 2008⁻2018. Blueberry is rich in flavonoids (mainly anthocyanidins), polyphenols (procyanidin), phenolic acids, pyruvic acid, chlorogenic acid, and others, which have anticancer, anti-obesity, prevent degenerative diseases, anti-inflammation, protective properties for vision and liver, prevent heart diseases, antidiabetes, improve brain function, protective lung properties, strong bones, enhance immunity, prevent cardiovascular diseases, and improve cognitive decline. The anthocyanins and polyphenols in blueberry are major functional ingredients for preventive chronic disease. These results support findings that blueberry may be one of the best functional fruits, and further reveals the mechanisms of anthocyanins and polyphenols in the health role of blueberry for chronic disease. This paper may be used as scientific evidence for developing functional foods, nutraceuticals, and novel drugs of blueberry for preventive chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyao Ma
- Economics and Management College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilisation in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650224, China.
| | - Zhenghai Sun
- Economics and Management College, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, China.
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilisation in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650224, China.
| | - Yawen Zeng
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China.
| | - Mingcan Luo
- Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilisation in the Southwest Mountains of China, Southwest Forestry University, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650224, China.
| | - Jiazhen Yang
- Biotechnology and Germplasm Resources Institute, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Kunming 650205, China.
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Wu X, Wang TTY, Prior RL, Pehrsson PR. Prevention of Atherosclerosis by Berries: The Case of Blueberries. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:9172-9188. [PMID: 30092632 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.8b03201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Berry consumption has been associated with cardiovascular disease prevention in recent years. Atherosclerosis is one of the major causes of cardiovascular diseases. However, research on the prevention of atherosclerosis through consuming individual whole berries, specifically direct evidence, remains scarce. Therefore, further elucidating the role that berries play in the prevention of atherosclerosis is warranted. In this perspective, blueberries were selected to articulate research strategies for studying atheroprotective effects of berries. Studies from human subjects and various animal models are summarized. The mechanisms by which blueberries may act, through reducing oxidative stress, decreasing inflammation, improving endothelial dysfunction, regulating cholesterol accumulation and trafficking, along with potentially influencing gut microbiota, are also discussed. Blueberries contain high levels of polyphenolic compounds, which were widely indicated as major bioactive compounds. Nonetheless, the metabolites/catabolites after blueberry consumption, such as simple phenolic acids, rather than original compounds in berries, may be the actual in vivo bioactive compounds. Future research should focus on obtaining more direct evidence, preferably in humans, understanding of the mechanisms of action at the molecular level, and identifying bioactive compounds as well as which compounds act synergistically to convey health benefits. The research strategy discussed here may also be applied to the studies of other fruits and berries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ronald L Prior
- Department of Food Science , University of Arkansas , Fayetteville , Arkansas 72704 , United States
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Rojas Á, Gallego P, Gil-Gómez A, Muñoz-Hernández R, Rojas L, Maldonado R, Gallego R, García-Valdecasas M, Del Campo JA, Bautista JD, Romero-Gómez M. Natural Extracts Abolished Lipid Accumulation in Cells Harbouring non-favourable PNPLA3 genotype. Ann Hepatol 2018; 17:242-249. [PMID: 29469041 DOI: 10.5604/01.3001.0010.8642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Background & aims. G-allele of PNPLA3 (rs738409) favours triglycerides accumulation and steatosis. In this study, we examined the effect of quercetin and natural extracts from mushroom and artichoke on reducing lipid accumulation in hepatic cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Huh7.5 cells were exposed to oleic acid (OA) and treated with quercetin and extracts to observe the lipid accumulation, the intracellular-TG concentration and the LD size. Sterol regulatory element binding proteins-1 (SREBP-1), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPARα-γ) and cholesterol acyltransferase (ACAT) gene expression levels were analysed. RESULTS Quercetin decreased the intracellular lipids, LD size and the levels of intracellular-TG through the down-regulation of SREBP-1c, PPARγ and ACAT1 increasing PPARα. The natural-extracts suppressed OA-induced lipid accumulation and the intracellular-TG. They down-regulate the hepatic lipogenesis through SREBP-1c, besides the activation of lipolysis through the increasing of PPARα expression. CONCLUSIONS Quercetin and the aqueous extracts decrease intracellular lipid accumulation by down-regulation of lipogenesis and up-regulation of lipolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ángela Rojas
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. Laboratorio de Investigación clínica y traslacional en enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas y CIBERehd. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)
| | - Paloma Gallego
- Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain. UGC de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas, CIBERehd
| | - Antonio Gil-Gómez
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. Gil-Gómez
| | - Rocío Muñoz-Hernández
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. Laboratorio de Investigación clínica y traslacional en enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas y CIBERehd. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)
| | - Lourdes Rojas
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. Laboratorio de Investigación clínica y traslacional en enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas y CIBERehd. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)
| | - Rosario Maldonado
- Hospital Universitario de Valme, Seville, Spain. Unidad de Farmacología Clínica y Experimental
| | - Rocío Gallego
- Laboratorio de Investigación clínica y traslacional en enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas y CIBERehd. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS). Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Marta García-Valdecasas
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. Laboratorio de Investigación clínica y traslacional en enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas y CIBERehd. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)
| | - José A Del Campo
- Hospital Universitario de Valme, Sevilla, Spain. UGC de enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas, CIBERehd
| | - Juan D Bautista
- Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Farmacia
| | - Manuel Romero-Gómez
- Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain. Laboratorio de Investigación clínica y traslacional en enfermedades hepáticas y digestivas y CIBERehd. Instituto de Biomedicina de Sevilla (IBiS)
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Wan T, Wang S, Ye M, Ling W, Yang L. Cyanidin-3-O-β-glucoside protects against liver fibrosis induced by alcohol via regulating energy homeostasis and AMPK/autophagy signaling pathway. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2017.07.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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Azzini E, Giacometti J, Russo GL. Antiobesity Effects of Anthocyanins in Preclinical and Clinical Studies. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:2740364. [PMID: 28785373 PMCID: PMC5530435 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2740364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The natural phytochemicals present in foods, including anthocyanins, might play a role in attenuating obesity by producing a decrease in weight and adipose tissue. This review focused on current knowledge about anthocyanins' role in obesity and its related comorbidities reported in animal models and humans. We summarized their target identification and mechanism of action through several pathways and their final effects on health and well-being. Into consideration of ongoing researches, we highlighted the following key points: a healthy relationship between anthocyanin supplementation and antiobesity effects suffers of the same pros and cons evidenced when the beneficial responses to other phytochemical treatments towards different degenerative diseases have been considered; the different dosage applied in animal versus clinical studies; the complex metabolism and biotransformation to which anthocyanins and phytochemicals are subjected in the intestine and tissues; the possibility that different components present in the supplemented mixtures can interact generating antagonistic, synergistic, or additive effects difficult to predict, and the difference between prevention and therapy. The evolution of the field must seriously consider the need to establish new and adequate cellular and animal models which may, in turn, allow the design of more efficient and prevention-targeted clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Azzini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Jasminka Giacometti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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Jamar G, Estadella D, Pisani LP. Contribution of anthocyanin-rich foods in obesity control through gut microbiota interactions. Biofactors 2017; 43:507-516. [PMID: 28504479 DOI: 10.1002/biof.1365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterized by low-grade inflammation and a number of metabolic disorders. Distal gut microbes' content (microbiota) is not yet fully understood but evidence shows that it is influenced by internal and external factors that modulate its composition and function. The evidence that gut microbiota composition can differ between healthy and obese individuals, as well as for those who maintain specific dietary habits, has led to the study of this environmental factor as a key link between the pathophysiology of obesity and gut microbiota. Data obtained about the role of anthocyanins (ACNs) in microbiota may lead to different strategies to manipulate bacterial populations and promote health. Anthocyanins have been identified as modulators of gut microbiota that contribute to obesity control and these bioactive compounds should be considered to have a prebiotic action. This review addresses the relevance of knowledge about the influence of anthocyanins-rich food consumption on microbiota, and their health-promoting potential in the pathophysiology of obesity. © 2017 BioFactors, 43(4):507-516, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovana Jamar
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Débora Estadella
- Department of Biosciences, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Santos, São Paulo, Brazil
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Vaccinium virgatum fruit extract as an important adjuvant in biochemical and behavioral alterations observed in animal model of metabolic syndrome. Biomed Pharmacother 2017; 88:939-947. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2017.01.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2016] [Revised: 01/13/2017] [Accepted: 01/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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Shi M, Loftus H, McAinch AJ, Su XQ. Blueberry as a source of bioactive compounds for the treatment of obesity, type 2 diabetes and chronic inflammation. J Funct Foods 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2016.12.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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Stull AJ. Blueberries' Impact on Insulin Resistance and Glucose Intolerance. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:E44. [PMID: 27916833 PMCID: PMC5187542 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5040044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Blueberries are a rich source of polyphenols, which include anthocyanin bioactive compounds. Epidemiological evidence indicates that incorporating blueberries into the diet may lower the risk of developing type 2 diabetes (T2DM). These findings are supported by pre-clinical and clinical studies that have shown improvements in insulin resistance (i.e., increased insulin sensitivity) after obese and insulin-resistant rodents or humans consumed blueberries. Insulin resistance was assessed by homeostatic model assessment-estimated insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin tolerance tests, and hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps. Additionally, the improvements in glucose tolerance after blueberry consumption were assessed by glucose tolerance tests. However, firm conclusions regarding the anti-diabetic effect of blueberries cannot be drawn due to the small number of existing clinical studies. Although the current evidence is promising, more long-term, randomized, and placebo-controlled trials are needed to establish the role of blueberries in preventing or delaying T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- April J Stull
- Department of Human Ecology, University of Maryland Eastern Shore, Princess Anne, MD 21853, USA.
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36
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Sozański T, Kucharska AZ, Rapak A, Szumny D, Trocha M, Merwid-Ląd A, Dzimira S, Piasecki T, Piórecki N, Magdalan J, Szeląg A. Iridoid–loganic acid versus anthocyanins from the Cornus mas fruits (cornelian cherry): Common and different effects on diet-induced atherosclerosis, PPARs expression and inflammation. Atherosclerosis 2016; 254:151-160. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2016.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 10/03/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Cutler BR, Petersen C, Anandh Babu PV. Mechanistic insights into the vascular effects of blueberries: Evidence from recent studies. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 61. [PMID: 27558887 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201600271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the United States. Dietary habits influence a variety of cardiovascular complications such as peripheral artery disease, heart failure, and kidney disease. We along with others have previously reported the cardiovascular beneficial effects of dietary flavonoids. Anthocyanins, one class of flavonoids widely available in berries, have recently drawn wide scientific attention because of their diverse health benefits. Epidemiological, clinical, and animal studies indicate that blueberry anthocyanins exert protection against cardiovascular complications by acting on multiple targets in the vascular system. These include activating endothelial nitric oxide synthase signaling, reducing oxidative stress, improving inflammatory pathways, and ameliorating dyslipidemia. Anthocyanins are extensively metabolized in humans suggesting that their vascular benefits are likely mediated by their circulating metabolites. However, the bioactivities of blueberry metabolites are unknown. Evaluating the bioactivities of metabolites, analyzing their structure-activity relationship, and well-designed human trials are needed to understand the potential vascular effects of blueberries and their metabolites. Understanding the vascular effects will provide a solid scientific foundation to recommend blueberries to improve vascular health. This review highlights the recent developments in the understanding of the vascular effects of blueberries with special emphasis on the molecular mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brett Ronald Cutler
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Chrissa Petersen
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Pon Velayutham Anandh Babu
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, College of Health, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
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Tsuda T. Recent Progress in Anti-Obesity and Anti-Diabetes Effect of Berries. Antioxidants (Basel) 2016; 5:antiox5020013. [PMID: 27058561 PMCID: PMC4931534 DOI: 10.3390/antiox5020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2016] [Revised: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 03/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Berries are rich in polyphenols such as anthocyanins. Various favorable functions of berries cannot be explained by their anti-oxidant properties, and thus, berries are now receiving great interest as food ingredients with “beyond antioxidant” functions. In this review, we discuss the potential health benefits of anthocyanin-rich berries, with a focus on prevention and treatment of obesity and diabetes. To better understand the physiological functionality of berries, the exact molecular mechanism of their anti-obesity and anti-diabetes effect should be clarified. Additionally, the relationship of metabolites and degradation products with health benefits derived from anthocyanins needs to be elucidated. The preventive effects of berries and anthocyanin-containing foods on the metabolic syndrome are not always supported by findings of interventional studies in humans, and thus further studies are necessary. Use of standardized diets and conditions by all research groups may address this problem. Berries are tasty foods that are easy to consume, and thus, investigating their health benefits is critical for health promotion and disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Tsuda
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai, Aichi 487-8501, Japan.
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Salomone F, Godos J, Zelber-Sagi S. Natural antioxidants for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: molecular targets and clinical perspectives. Liver Int 2016; 36:5-20. [PMID: 26436447 DOI: 10.1111/liv.12975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), the progressive form of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), is emerging as a main health problem in industrialized countries. Lifestyle modifications are effective in the treatment of NAFLD; however, the long-term compliance is low. Therefore, several pharmacological treatments have been proposed but none has shown significant efficacy or long-term safety. Natural polyphenols are a heterogeneous class of polyphenolic compounds contained in vegetables, which are being proposed for the treatment of different metabolic disorders. Although the beneficial effect of these compounds has traditionally related to their antioxidant properties, they also exert several beneficial effects on hepatic and extra-hepatic glucose and lipid homeostasis. Furthermore, natural polyphenols exert antifibrogenic and antitumoural effects in animal models, which appear relevant from a clinical point of view because of the association of NASH with cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Several polyphenols, such anthocyanins, curcumin and resveratrol and those present in coffee, tea, soy are available in the diet and their consumption can be proposed as part of a healthy diet for the treatment of NAFLD. Other phenolic compounds, such as silymarin, are commonly consumed worldwide as nutraceuticals or food supplements. Natural antioxidants are reported to have beneficial effects in preclinical models of NAFLD and in pilot clinical trials, and thus need clinical evaluation. In this review, we summarize the existing evidence regarding the potential role of natural antioxidants in the treatment of NAFLD and examine possible future clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Salomone
- Division of Gastroenterology, Ospedale di Acireale, Azienda Sanitaria Provinciale di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Justyna Godos
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, University of Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Shira Zelber-Sagi
- The Liver Unit, Gastroenterology Department, Tel-Aviv Medical Center, Tel Aviv, Israel.,School of Public Health, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Bloedon T, Vendrame S, Bolton J, Lehnhard R, Riso P, Klimis-Zacas D. The effect of wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) consumption on oxidative stress, inflammation, and DNA damage associated with exercise. COMPARATIVE EXERCISE PHYSIOLOGY 2015. [DOI: 10.3920/cep150014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The present study examined the effect of wild blueberries on oxidative stress, the inflammatory response and DNA damage associated with exercise in untrained individuals. Ten sedentary males, aged 21-26 years, completed two single bouts of treadmill exercise at 70% of their VO2max. One bout occurred prior to, and one occurred following daily consumption of 300 g of wild blueberries for eight weeks. Blood samples were drawn during both exercise bouts and assayed for measures of oxidative stress (manganese-superoxide dismutase: Mn-SOD), inflammation (tumour necrosis factor-alpha: TNF-α and interleukin-6: IL-6) and DNA damage (comet assay). Blood samples were obtained immediately pre-exercise, and post exercise at 0, 30 and 60 min, and 3 and 6 h. A significant interaction between pre- and post-intervention over time was detected in plasma Mn-SOD concentration. Post hoc comparisons showed no significant differences between time points pre- and post-intervention, although plasma Mn-SOD concentration showed a moderate trend 30 min after exercise with wild blueberry consumption (P=0.072). A significant increase in IL-6 was observed for time (at 30 min and 1 h) following exercise, both pre- and post-intervention. No significant differences were seen in DNA damage or TNF-α either with exercise or the intervention. This study demonstrates that a single bout of exercise at 70% of VO2max is sufficient to cause a significant increase in inflammation in untrained individuals. The trend for Mn-SOD concentration to decrease after exercise post-intervention indicates a potential benefit of wild blueberries to increase antioxidant capacity and reduce oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Bloedon
- College of Education and Human Development, Department of Exercise Science and STEM Education, University of Maine, Lengyel Gym 124, Orono, ME 04469-5735, USA
| | - S. Vendrame
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, 232 Hitchner Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - J. Bolton
- University of Maine Cooperative Extension, University of Maine, 105 Nutting Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | - R. Lehnhard
- College of Education and Human Development, Department of Exercise Science and STEM Education, University of Maine, Lengyel Gym 124, Orono, ME 04469-5735, USA
| | - P. Riso
- University of Milan, DeFENS – Department of Food Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Division of Human Nutrition, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - D. Klimis-Zacas
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, 232 Hitchner Hall, Orono, ME 04469, USA
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Elks CM, Terrebonne JD, Ingram DK, Stephens JM. Blueberries improve glucose tolerance without altering body composition in obese postmenopausal mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2015; 23:573-80. [PMID: 25611327 PMCID: PMC4340720 DOI: 10.1002/oby.20926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk increases significantly during menopause and remains elevated postmenopause. Several botanicals, including blueberries (BB), have been shown to delay MetS progression, but few studies have been conducted in postmenopausal animal models. Here, the effects of BB supplementation on obese postmenopausal mice using a chemically induced menopause model were examined. METHODS After induction of menopause, mice were fed a high-fat diet or the same diet supplemented with 4% BB powder for 12 weeks. Body weight and body composition were measured, and mice were subjected to glucose and insulin tolerance tests. Serum triglycerides and adiponectin were measured, and liver histology and hepatic gene expression were assessed. RESULTS Menopausal and BB-supplemented mice had significantly higher body weights and fat mass than control mice, while menopausal mice had impaired glucose tolerance and higher serum triglycerides when compared with control and BB-supplemented mice. Menopausal mice also had hepatic steatosis that was prevented by BB supplementation and correlated with expression of genes involved in hepatic fatty acid oxidation. CONCLUSIONS BB supplementation prevents the glucose intolerance and hepatic steatosis that occur in obese postmenopausal mice, and these effects are independent of body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie M. Elks
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Jennifer D. Terrebonne
- Animal Metabolism and Behavior Core, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Donald K. Ingram
- Nutritional Neuroscience and Aging Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
| | - Jacqueline M. Stephens
- Adipocyte Biology Laboratory, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70808
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Louisiana State University, Pennington Biomedical Research Center, 6400 Perkins Road, Baton Rouge, LA 70808, Phone (225)-763-2648, FAX (225)-578-2597,
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42
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Anthocyanins and phenolic acids from a wild blueberry (Vaccinium angustifolium) powder counteract lipid accumulation in THP-1-derived macrophages. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:171-82. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0835-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Jung HS, Lim Y, Kim EK. Therapeutic phytogenic compounds for obesity and diabetes. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:21505-37. [PMID: 25421245 PMCID: PMC4264239 DOI: 10.3390/ijms151121505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Revised: 11/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural compounds have been used to develop drugs for many decades. Vast diversities and minimum side effects make natural compounds a good source for drug development. However, the composition and concentrations of natural compounds can vary. Despite this inconsistency, half of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmaceuticals are natural compounds or their derivatives. Therefore, it is essential to continuously investigate natural compounds as sources of new pharmaceuticals. This review provides comprehensive information and analysis on natural compounds from plants (phytogenic compounds) that may serve as anti-obesity and/or anti-diabetes therapeutics. Our growing understanding and further exploration of the mechanisms of action of the phytogenic compounds may afford opportunities for development of therapeutic interventions in metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hee Soong Jung
- Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, 333, Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Korea.
| | - Yun Lim
- Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, 333, Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Korea.
| | - Eun-Kyoung Kim
- Department of Brain Science, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science & Technology, 333, Techno Jungang-daero, Hyeonpung-myeon, Dalseong-gun, Daegu 711-873, Korea.
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Vendrame S, Zhao A, Merrow T, Klimis-Zacas D. The effects of wild blueberry consumption on plasma markers and gene expression related to glucose metabolism in the obese Zucker rat. J Med Food 2014; 18:619-24. [PMID: 25383490 DOI: 10.1089/jmf.2014.0065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Impaired fasting blood glucose is one of the landmark signs of metabolic syndrome, together with hyperinsulinemia, dyslipidemia, hypertension, and a chronic proinflammatory, pro-oxidative, and prothrombotic environment. This study investigates the effect of wild blueberry (WB) consumption on blood glucose levels and other parameters involved in glucose metabolism in the obese Zucker rat (OZR), an experimental model of metabolic syndrome. Sixteen OZRs and 16 lean littermate controls (lean Zucker rat [LZR]) were fed an 8% enriched WB diet or a control (C) diet for 8 weeks. Plasma concentrations of glucose, insulin, glycated hemoglobin GHbA1c, resistin, and retinol-binding protein 4 (RBP4) were measured. Expression of the resistin, RBP4, and glucose transporter GLUT4 genes was also determined both in the liver and the abdominal adipose tissue (AAT). Plasma glycated hemoglobin HbA1c, RBP4, and resistin concentrations were significantly lower in OZRs following the WB diet (-20%, -22%, and -27%, respectively, compared to C diet, P<.05). Following WB consumption, resistin expression was significantly downregulated in the liver of both OZRs and LZRs (-28% and -61%, respectively, P<.05), while RBP4 expression was significantly downregulated in the AAT of both OZRs and LZRs (-87% and -43%, respectively, P<.05). All other markers were not significantly affected following WB consumption. In conclusion, WB consumption normalizes some markers related to glucose metabolism in the OZR model of metabolic syndrome, but has no effect on fasting blood glucose or insulin concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Vendrame
- 1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, Orono, Maine
| | - Alice Zhao
- 2Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Thomas Merrow
- 1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, Orono, Maine
| | - Dorothy Klimis-Zacas
- 1Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Maine, Orono, Maine
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Taverniti V, Fracassetti D, Del Bo' C, Lanti C, Minuzzo M, Klimis-Zacas D, Riso P, Guglielmetti S. Immunomodulatory effect of a wild blueberry anthocyanin-rich extract in human Caco-2 intestinal cells. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2014; 62:8346-8351. [PMID: 25075866 DOI: 10.1021/jf502180j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Intestinal inflammation is a natural process crucial for the maintenance of gut functioning. However, abnormal or prolonged inflammatory responses may lead to the onset of chronic degenerative diseases, typically treated by means of pharmacological interventions. Dietary strategies for the prevention of inflammation are a safer alternative to pharmacotherapy. Anthocyanins and other polyphenols have been documented to display anti-inflammatory activity. In the present study, three bioactive fractions (anthocyanin, phenolic, and water-soluble fractions) were extracted from a wild blueberry powder. The Caco-2 intestinal model was used to test the immunomodulatory effect of the above fractions. Only the anthocyanin-rich fraction reduced the activation of NF-κB, induced by IL-1β in intestinal epithelial Caco-2 cells. Specifically, concentrations of 50 and 100 μg mL(-1) decreased NF-κB activation by 68.9 and 85.2%, respectively (p ≤ 0.05). These preliminary results provide further support for the role of food bioactives as potential dietary anti-inflammatory agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Taverniti
- Division of Food Microbiology and Bioprocessing and ‡Division of Human Nutrition, Department of Food, Environmental and Nutritional Sciences (DeFENS), Università degli Studi di Milano , via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
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Flavonoids and saponins extracted from black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed coats modulate lipid metabolism and biliary cholesterol secretion in C57BL/6 mice. Br J Nutr 2014; 112:886-99. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114514001536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Black bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) seed coats are a rich source of natural compounds with potential beneficial effects on human health. Beans exert hypolipidaemic activity; however, this effect has not been attributed to any particular component, and the underlying mechanisms of action and protein targets remain unknown. The aim of the present study was to identify and quantify primary saponins and flavonoids extracted from black bean seed coats, and to study their effects on lipid metabolism in primary rat hepatocytes and C57BL/6 mice. The methanol extract of black bean seed coats, characterised by a HPLC system with a UV–visible detector and an evaporative light-scattering detector and HPLC–time-of-flight/MS, contained quercetin 3-O-glucoside and soyasaponin Af as the primary flavonoid and saponin, respectively. The extract significantly reduced the expression of SREBP1c, FAS and HMGCR, and stimulated the expression of the reverse cholesterol transporters ABCG5/ABCG8 and CYP7A1 in the liver. In addition, there was an increase in the expression of hepatic PPAR-α. Consequently, there was a decrease in hepatic lipid depots and a significant increase in bile acid secretion. Furthermore, the ingestion of this extract modulated the proportion of lipids that was used as a substrate for energy generation. Thus, the results suggest that the extract of black bean seed coats may decrease hepatic lipogenesis and stimulate cholesterol excretion, in part, via bile acid synthesis.
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Dietary anthocyanins as nutritional therapy for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2013; 2013:145421. [PMID: 24282628 PMCID: PMC3824564 DOI: 10.1155/2013/145421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2013] [Accepted: 09/03/2013] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), defined by excessive lipid accumulation in the liver, is the hepatic manifestation of insulin resistance and the metabolic syndrome. Due to the epidemics of obesity, NAFLD is rapidly becoming the leading cause of altered liver enzymes in Western countries. NAFLD encompasses a wide spectrum of liver disease ranging from simple uncomplicated steatosis, to steatohepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Diet may affect the development of NAFLD either by increasing risk or by providing protective factors. Therefore, it is important to investigate the role of foods and/or food bioactives on the metabolic processes involved in steatohepatitis for preventive strategies. It has been reported that anthocyanins (ACNs) decrease hepatic lipid accumulation and may counteract oxidative stress and hepatic inflammation, but their impact on NAFLD has yet to be fully determined. ACNs are water-soluble bioactive compounds of the polyphenol class present in many vegetable products. Here, we summarize the evidence evaluating the mechanisms of action of ACNs on hepatic lipid metabolism in different experimental setting: in vitro, in vivo, and in human trials. Finally, a working model depicting the possible mechanisms underpinning the beneficial effects of ACNs in NAFLD is proposed, based on the available literature.
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