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Giacometti J, Milovanović S, Jurc\̌ić Momc\̌ilović D, Bubonja‐S\̌onje M. Evaluation of antioxidant activity of olive leaf extract obtained by ultrasound‐assisted extraction and their antimicrobial activity against bacterial pathogens from food. Int J Food Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/ijfs.15319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Giacometti
- Department of Biotechnology University of Rijeka Radmile Matejc\̌ić 2 Rijeka HR‐51000 Croatia
| | - Sanja Milovanović
- Department of Biotechnology University of Rijeka Radmile Matejc\̌ić 2 Rijeka HR‐51000 Croatia
| | - Diana Jurc\̌ić Momc\̌ilović
- Clinical Department for Clinical Microbiology Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka Kres\̌imirova 42 Rijeka HR‐51000 Croatia
| | - Marina Bubonja‐S\̌onje
- Clinical Department for Clinical Microbiology Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka Kres\̌imirova 42 Rijeka HR‐51000 Croatia
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology Faculty of Medicine University of Rijeka Rijeka HR‐51000 Croatia
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Giacometti J, Muhvić D, Grubić-Kezele T, Nikolić M, Šoić-Vranić T, Bajek S. Olive Leaf Polyphenols (OLPs) Stimulate GLUT4 Expression and Translocation in the Skeletal Muscle of Diabetic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21238981. [PMID: 33256066 PMCID: PMC7729747 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21238981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles are high-insulin tissues responsible for disposing of glucose via the highly regulated process of facilitated glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4). Impaired insulin action in diabetes, as well as disorders of GLUT4 vesicle trafficking in the muscle, are involved in defects in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation. Since the Rab GTPases are the main regulators of vesicular membrane transport in exo- and endo-cytosis, in the present work, we studied the effect of olive leaf polyphenols (OLPs) on Rab8A, Rab13, and Rab14 proteins of the rat soleus muscle in a model of streptozotocin (SZT)-induced diabetes (DM) in a dose-dependent manner. Glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels were determined in the blood, morphological changes of the muscle tissue were captured by hematoxylin and eosin histological staining, and expression of GLUT4, Rab8A, Rab13, and Rab14 proteins were analyzed in the rat soleus muscle by the immunofluorescence staining and immunoblotting. OLPs significantly reduced blood glucose level in all treated groups. Furthermore, significantly reduced blood triglycerides were found in the groups with the lowest and highest OLPs treatment. The dynamics of activation of Rab8A, Rab13, and Rab14 was OLPs dose-dependent and more effective at higher OLP doses. Thus, these results indicate a beneficial role of phenolic compounds from the olive leaf in the regulation of glucose homeostasis in the skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Giacometti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +385-51-584-557
| | - Damir Muhvić
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.M.); (T.G.-K.)
| | - Tanja Grubić-Kezele
- Department of Physiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (D.M.); (T.G.-K.)
- Clinical Department for Clinical Microbiology, Clinical Hospital Center Rijeka, Krešimirova 42, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Marina Nikolić
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (M.N.); (T.Š.-V.); (S.B.)
| | - Tamara Šoić-Vranić
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (M.N.); (T.Š.-V.); (S.B.)
| | - Snježana Bajek
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia; (M.N.); (T.Š.-V.); (S.B.)
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Giacometti J, Milin Č, Giacometti F, Ciganj Z. Characterisation of Monovarietal Olive Oils Obtained from Croatian cvs. Drobnica and Buza during the Ripening Period. Foods 2018; 7:foods7110188. [PMID: 30428616 PMCID: PMC6262327 DOI: 10.3390/foods7110188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was the monitoring of the chemical composition of olive oil at different ripening stages to determine the appropriate harvesting time during any given crop season in the northern Adriatic region. For this purpose, from September to November, two Croatian olive cultivars (Drobnica and Buza) were taken from two different olive orchards and for the respective olive oils, prepared on a laboratory scale, the major saponifiable, unsaponifiable and phenolic compounds were determined. Based on the chemical analyses performed, the optimal harvesting time has been set in October for both cultivars. Buza had a higher oleic acid, but lower total sterols, squalene and total alkanols. Compared to the local cultivars, the studied cultivars had a high total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. The antioxidant activity and concentrations of total phenols correlated with α-tocopherol in oil samples taken during the ripening progress. Finally, trace minerals detected in Buza and Drobnica oil differed, which can be an indicator of oxidative stability and authenticity of oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Giacometti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Čedomila Milin
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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Giacometti J, Žauhar G, Žuvić M. Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction of Major Phenolic Compounds from Olive Leaves ( Olea europaea L.) Using Response Surface Methodology. Foods 2018; 7:foods7090149. [PMID: 30200559 PMCID: PMC6165173 DOI: 10.3390/foods7090149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2018] [Revised: 08/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of oleuropein (OLE), verbascoside (VER), and luteolin-4′-O-glucoside (L4OG), as the major phenolics from olive leaves, was optimized using response surface methodology (RSM). A Box–Behnken design (BBD) was used to monitor the effect of different modes of ultrasound operation (pulsed and continuous), liquid–solid (L–S) ratio, and sonication time on each phenolic yield. The yield of UAE and conventional solid extraction (CSE) was determined after performing ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography with a diode-array detector (UHPLC-DAD) analysis on the extracts. The results suggested that, under optimal conditions, the concentrations of OLE, VER, and L4OG were 13.386, 0.363, and 0.527 mg/g of dry powdered olive leaves (DPOL), respectively. Verification of experiments was carried out under the modified optimal conditions and the relative errors between the predicted and experimental values were dependent on the examined phenolic compound (OLE 8.63%, VER 11.3%, and L4OG 22.48%). In comparison with CSE, UAE improved the yields of OLE, VER, and L4OG (32.6%, 41.8%, and 47.5%, respectively, after 1 min) at a temperature of 60 °C, an L–S ratio of 15 (v/w), and in the continuous mode of UAE. We demonstrated that the UAE technique is an efficient method for enhancing yields of OLE, VER, and L4OG in olive-leaf extracts, while the chosen model was adequate to optimize the extraction of major phenolic compounds from olive leaves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Giacometti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Gordana Žauhar
- Department of Medical Physics and Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
- Department of Physics, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
| | - Marta Žuvić
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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Giacometti J, Bursać Kovačević D, Putnik P, Gabrić D, Bilušić T, Krešić G, Stulić V, Barba FJ, Chemat F, Barbosa-Cánovas G, Režek Jambrak A. Extraction of bioactive compounds and essential oils from mediterranean herbs by conventional and green innovative techniques: A review. Food Res Int 2018; 113:245-262. [PMID: 30195519 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Market interest in aromatic plants from the Mediterranean is continuously growing mainly due to their medicinal and bioactive compounds (BACs) with other valuable constituents from essential oils (EOs). From ancient times, these plants have been important condiments for traditional Mediterranean cuisine and remedies in folk medicine. Nowadays, they are considered as important factors for food quality and safety, due to prevention of various deteriorative factors like oxidations and microbial spoilage. EOs have different therapeutic benefits (e.g. antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and antifungal), while BACs mostly affect nutritive, chemical, microbiological, and sensory quality of foods. Currently, many plant extracts are used for functional (healthy) foods, which additionally fuels consumer and industrial interest in sustainable and non-toxic routes for their production. EO yields from dried plants are below 5%. Their extraction is strongly dependent on the hydrophobic or lipophilic character of target molecules, hence the common use of organic solvents. Similarly, BACs encompass a wide range of substances with varying structures as reflected by their different physical/chemical qualities. Thus, there is a need to identify optimal non-toxic extraction method(s) for isolation/separation of EO/BCs from plants. Various innovative non-thermal extractions (e.g. ultrasound-, high-pressure-, pulsed electric fields assisted extraction, etc.) have been proposed to overcome the above mentioned limitations. These techniques are "green" in concept, as they are shorter, avoid toxic chemicals, and are able to improve extract yields and quality with reduced consumption of energy and solvents. This research provides an overview of such extractions of both BAC and EOs from Mediterranean herbs, sustained by innovative and non-conventional energy sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Giacometti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Danijela Bursać Kovačević
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Predrag Putnik
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Domagoj Gabrić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tea Bilušić
- Department for Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Chemistry and Technology, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21 000 Split, Croatia
| | - Greta Krešić
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Tourism and Hospitality Management, University of Rijeka, Primorska 42, 51410 Opatija
| | - Višnja Stulić
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Francisco J Barba
- Nutrition and Food Science Area, Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Food Science, Toxicology and Forensic Medicine Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitat de València, Avda. Vicent Andrés Estellés, s/n, Burjassot, 46100 València, Spain
| | - Farid Chemat
- Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse, INRA, UMR408, GREEN Team Extraction, 84000 Avignon Cedex, France
| | - Gustavo Barbosa-Cánovas
- Center for NonThermal Processing of Food, Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, L.J. Smith Hall 220, Pullman, WA 99164-6120, USA
| | - Anet Režek Jambrak
- Faculty of Food Technology and Biotechnology, University of Zagreb, Pierottijeva 6, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Vinceković M, Viskić M, Jurić S, Giacometti J, Bursać Kovačević D, Putnik P, Donsì F, Barba FJ, Režek Jambrak A. Innovative technologies for encapsulation of Mediterranean plants extracts. Trends Food Sci Technol 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2017.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Kulišić Bilušić T, Melliou E, Giacometti J, Čaušević A, Čorbo S, Landeka M, Magiatis P. Phenolics, fatty acids, and biological potential of selected Croatian EVOOs. EUR J LIPID SCI TECH 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejlt.201700108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tea Kulišić Bilušić
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology; Department of Food Technology; University of Split; Croatia
| | - Elleni Melliou
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry; University of Athens; Greece
| | | | - Amir Čaušević
- Institute for Public Health; Sarajevo Bosnia and Hercegovina
| | - Selma Čorbo
- Faculty of Agriculture and Food Sciences; University of Sarajevo; Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Marija Landeka
- Faculty of Chemistry and Technology; Department of Food Technology; University of Split; Croatia
| | - Prokopios Magiatis
- Faculty of Pharmacy; Department of Pharmacognosy and Natural Products Chemistry; University of Athens; Greece
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Azzini E, Giacometti J, Russo GL. Antiobesity Effects of Anthocyanins in Preclinical and Clinical Studies. Oxid Med Cell Longev 2017; 2017:2740364. [PMID: 28785373 PMCID: PMC5530435 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2740364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Revised: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The natural phytochemicals present in foods, including anthocyanins, might play a role in attenuating obesity by producing a decrease in weight and adipose tissue. This review focused on current knowledge about anthocyanins' role in obesity and its related comorbidities reported in animal models and humans. We summarized their target identification and mechanism of action through several pathways and their final effects on health and well-being. Into consideration of ongoing researches, we highlighted the following key points: a healthy relationship between anthocyanin supplementation and antiobesity effects suffers of the same pros and cons evidenced when the beneficial responses to other phytochemical treatments towards different degenerative diseases have been considered; the different dosage applied in animal versus clinical studies; the complex metabolism and biotransformation to which anthocyanins and phytochemicals are subjected in the intestine and tissues; the possibility that different components present in the supplemented mixtures can interact generating antagonistic, synergistic, or additive effects difficult to predict, and the difference between prevention and therapy. The evolution of the field must seriously consider the need to establish new and adequate cellular and animal models which may, in turn, allow the design of more efficient and prevention-targeted clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Azzini
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Center for Food and Nutrition, Via Ardeatina 546, 00178 Rome, Italy
| | - Jasminka Giacometti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Radmile Matejčić 2, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Gian Luigi Russo
- Institute of Food Sciences, National Research Council, 83100 Avellino, Italy
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Nadalin S, Giacometti J, Buretić-Tomljanović A. PPARα-L162V polymorphism is not associated with schizophrenia risk in a Croatian population. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2014; 91:221-5. [PMID: 25087592 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Disturbances of lipid and glucose metabolism have been repeatedly reported in schizophrenia. A functional L162V polymorphism in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα) gene has been extensively investigated in etiology of abnormal lipid and glucose metabolism, yet not in schizophrenia. We determined whether the schizophrenia risk was associated with L162V polymorphism and we examined the impact of L162V variant on age of onset, and data of psychopathology scores. We also hypothesized that plasma glucose and lipid concentrations in patients may be influenced by L162V polymorphism. Genotype and allele frequencies between 203 patients and 191 controls did not differ significantly. Females heterozygous for the PPARα genotype (L162V) manifested significantly lower negative symptom scores, tended toward an earlier onset, and had significantly greater triglyceride levels. The PPARα-L162V polymorphism is not associated with schizophrenia risk in Croatian population, but it impacts clinical expression of the illness and plasma lipid concentrations in female patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nadalin
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - J Giacometti
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Rijeka, Slavka Krautzeka bb, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia
| | - A Buretić-Tomljanović
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, 51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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Rashed K, Potočnjak I, Giacometti J, Škoda M, Domitrović R. Terminalia bellerica aerial parts ethyl acetate extract exhibits antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and antifibrotic activity in carbon tetrachloride-intoxicated mice. J Funct Foods 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.03.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
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Nadalin S, Giacometti J, Jonovska S, Tomljanović D, Buretić-Tomljanović A. The impact of PLA2G4A and PTGS2 gene polymorphisms, and red blood cell PUFAs deficit on niacin skin flush response in schizophrenia patients. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2013; 88:185-90. [PMID: 23219238 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2012.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 11/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the etiology of the attenuated niacin skin flush response in schizophrenia patients. Skin response to topical niacin of 0.1M, 0.01 M, 0.001 M, and 0.0001 M concentrations was rated using method of volumetric niacin response (VNR) and correlated to two functional A/G polymorphisms in genes: phospholipase A2 group IVA (BanI of the PLA2G4A), and rs689466 of the prostaglandin synthase-2 (PTGS2). We further tested the possible correlation between niacin response and fatty acid (FA) content of red blood cells (RBCs). We detected statistically significant but weak impact of both polymorphisms on niacin flush response in schizophrenia patients. The dosage of the G alleles of both polymorphisms was associated with higher VNR values, although each polymorphic variant accounted for only 1% of the overall flush response variability. Regarding FA content, both n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated FAs (PUFAs) were significantly reduced in the patient group, but an association with niacin sensitivity was not detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Nadalin
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, Rijeka 51000, Croatia
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Giacometti J, Tomljanovic AB, Milin C, Cuk M, Stasic BR. Olive and Corn Oil Enriched Diets Changed the Phospholipid Fatty Acid Composition in Mice Liver after One-Thirds Hepatectomy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.4236/fns.2012.32035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Urek MM, Uhac I, Vuksic‐Mihaljevic Z, Giacometti J, Kocijan SS, Braut V. 544 THE SUBSTANCE P AND DOPAMINE PLASMA LEVELS IN POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER PATIENTS WITH CHRONIC MASTICATORY MUSCLE PAIN. Eur J Pain 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1090-3801(09)60547-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Muhvic Urek
- Department of Oral Medicine and Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - I. Uhac
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | | | - J. Giacometti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - S. Simonic Kocijan
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - V. Braut
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dental Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
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Buretić-Tomljanović A, Giacometti J, Nadalin S, Rubesa G, Vulin M, Tomljanović D. Phospholipid membrane abnormalities and reduced niacin skin flush response in schizophrenia. Psychiatr Danub 2008; 20:372-383. [PMID: 18827766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reduced n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) content in red blood cell (RBC) membranes and abnormal membrane phospholipid metabolism were repeatedly implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia. FINDINGS Prenatal and perinatal depletion of PUFAs interferes with normal brain development and function. The lack of docosahexaenoic acid - DHA in the brain is reflected in lower membrane DHA/AA (AA - arachidonic acid) ratio, increased activity of AA-metabolizing enzymes, and disturbance of downstream metabolic pathways involved in signaling, growth modulation, brain glucose uptake, immune functions, neurotransmission, synaptogenesis and neurogenesis. Preliminary high-throughput metabolomic studies revealed abnormal biochemical profile in patients with schizophrenia or brief psychotic disorder when compared to healthy controls. The results of both metabolomic and proteomic studies pointed to energy metabolism and lipid biosynthesis being impaired in schizophrenia. The usefulness of antipsychotic medication and supplementation with PUFAs in reverting to the normal metabolic state has been suggested in early treatment of the first psychotic episode. Abnormalities of phospholipid metabolism can be also detected as attenuated niacin skin flush response in the variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. CONCLUSIONS Disturbances of lipid homeostasis could represent biochemical markers in the preclinical phase of neuropsychiatric illnesses and could serve as triggers in genetically vulnerable individuals. The assessment of patients' lipid status may also help in monitoring the course of the disease and treatment response. In this regard, simple, cheap and fast niacin skin flush test might be valuable. It might help in diagnosis of adolescents and young adults with psychotic behaviour, or in defining the necessity for long-term antipsychotic therapy. Along with antipsychotic medication schizophrenic patients need specific medical nutrition therapies.
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Nadalin S, Rubesa G, Giacometti J, Vulin M, Tomljanović D, Vraneković J, Kapović M, Buretić-Tomljanović A. BanI polymorphism of cytosolic phospholipase A2 gene is associated with age at onset in male patients with schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2008; 78:351-60. [PMID: 18562188 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2008.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2007] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/16/2008] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The enzymes phospholipases A2 are believed to be involved in the pathology of schizophrenia. We investigated allelic and genotype frequencies of PLA2G4A BanI polymorphism and the rs4375 in PLA2G6A in Croatian schizophrenic patients (n=81) and controls (n=182), using PCR/RFLP. Genotype and allelic frequencies of both loci, alone or in combination did not show significant difference (chi2-test). Allele-wise and genotype-wise meta-analyses of BanI polymorphism in case-control and family-based studies also revealed no significant association with schizophrenia. Multiple logistic regression analyses revealed statistically significant association between several items from PANSS general psychopathology scale and BanI polymorphism in PLA2G4A. BanI polymorphism further showed a significant impact on mean age of the onset of disease in males (betaA1=0.351, P=0.021; Spearman's rA1=0.391, P=0.010) indicating lower mean age at admission in homozygous A2A2 males.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Nadalin
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Croatia
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Giacometti J, Milin C. Composition and qualitative characteristics of virgin olive oils produced in northern Adriatic region, Republic of Croatia. Grasas y Aceites 2007. [DOI: 10.3989/gya.2001.v52.i6.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Buretic-Tomljanovic A, Giacometti J, Ostojic S, Kapovic M. Sex-specific differences of craniofacial traits in Croatia: the impact of environment in a small geographic area. Ann Hum Biol 2007; 34:296-314. [PMID: 17612861 DOI: 10.1080/03014460701211017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Craniometric variation in humans reflects different genetic and environmental influences. Long-term climatic adaptation is less likely to show an impact on size and shape variation in a small local area than at the global level. AIM The aim of this work was to assess the contribution of the particular environmental factors to body height and craniofacial variability in a small geographic area of Croatia. SUBJECTS AND METHODS A total of 632 subjects, aged 18-21, participated in the survey. Body height, head length, head breadth, head height, head circumference, cephalic index, morphological face height, face breadth, and facial index were analysed regarding geographic, climatic and dietary conditions in different regions of the country, and correlated with the specific climatic variables (cumulative multiyear sunshine duration, cumulative multiyear average precipitation, multiyear average air temperatures) and calcium concentrations in drinking water. Significant differences between groups classified according to geographic, climatic or dietary affiliation, and the impact of the environmental predictors on the variation in the investigated traits were assessed using multiple forward stepwise regression analyses. RESULTS Higher body height measures in both sexes were significantly correlated with Mediterranean diet type. Mediterranean diet type also contributed to higher head length and head circumference measures in females. Cephalic index values correlated to geographic regions in both sexes, showing an increase from southern to eastern Croatia. In the same direction, head length significantly decreased in males and head breadth increased in females. Mediterranean climate was associated with higher and narrower faces in females. The analysis of the particular climatic variables did not reveal a significant influence on body height in either sex. Concurrently, climatic features influenced all craniofacial traits in females and only head length and facial index in males. Mediterranean climate, characterized by higher average sunshine duration, higher average precipitation and higher average air temperatures, was associated with longer, higher and narrower skulls, higher head circumference, lower cephalic index, and higher and narrower faces (lower facial index). Calcium concentrations in drinking water did not correlate significantly with any dependent variable. CONCLUSION A significant effect of environmental factors on body height and craniofacial variability was found in Croatian young adult population. This effect was more pronounced in females, revealing sex-specific craniofacial differentiation. However, the impact of environment was low and may explain only 1.0-7.32% variation of the investigated traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alena Buretic-Tomljanovic
- Department of Biology and Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.
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Milin C, Tota M, Domitrovic R, Giacometti J, Pantovic R, Cuk M, Mrakovcic-Sutic I, Jakovac H, Radosevic-Stasic B. Metal tissue kinetics in regenerating liver, thymus, spleen, and submandibular gland after partial hepatectomy in mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2005; 108:225-43. [PMID: 16327075 DOI: 10.1385/bter:108:1-3:225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2004] [Accepted: 02/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy (pHx) is a well-defined process, which involves the concerted action of extra- and intracellular factors resulting in induction of cell replication and its inhibition at the time when the entire liver mass is restored. Concomitantly, the breakdown of previously maintained tolerance and the exposure of self-antigens lead to the activation of preimmune and immune repertoires, which participate in surveillance against aberrant cells and the re-establishment of previous morphostasis. Because, in these events, important biological function might have tissue minerals that are affecting the structural integrity and enzyme activities, transduction signals, transcription and replication factors during cell proliferation and apoptosis, as well as the development and maintenance of immune functions and cytokine production, in this study we analyzed tissue dynamics of zinc, iron, magnesium, and calcium in the liver, thymus, spleen, and submandibular gland in intact and pHx mice on the 1st, 2nd, 7th, and 15th d after one-third pHx, using microwave digestion and inductivity coupled plasma spectrometry. The data showed that pHx induces significant and interconnected changes in all of the estimated metals not only in the regenerating liver but also in the lymphatic tissues and submandibular gland, indicating their importance for the control of growth processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cedomila Milin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty of Rijeka, B. Branchetta 22, 51 000 Rijeka, Croatia
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Giacometti J, Milosević A, Milin C. Gas chromatographic determination of fatty acids contained in different lipid classes after their separation by solid-phase extraction. J Chromatogr A 2002; 976:47-54. [PMID: 12462595 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)01159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A quick and successful procedure is presented for the separation of polar lipids, monoacylglycerols (MAGs), diacylglycerols and triacylglycerols (TAGs) and for fatty acid determination in the above-mentioned lipid fractions by gas chromatographic analysis, which was acceptable for physiological and nutrition studies. In the analysis of edible oils and biological tissue samples, lipid classes were separated and purified by solid-phase extraction (SPE) using an aminopropylsilica column. Fatty acids in the sn-2 position in edible oil TAGs were determined after previous 1,3-specific lipase hydrolysis and separation of 2-MAGs by SPE using an aminopropylsilica column. A preliminary study of the solid-phase extraction separation of lipid classes with stock standard solutions using styrene-divinylbenzene-methacrylate copolymer (Nexus), octadecylsilica (C18) and aminopropylsilica (NH2) was carried out and it was shown that NH2 was the best sorbent for the above-mentioned purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasminka Giacometti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty of Rijeka, University of Rijeka, Brace Branchetta 20, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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Finotti E, Beye C, Nardo N, Quaglia GB, Milin C, Giacometti J. Physico-chemical characteristics of olives and olive oil from two mono-cultivars during various ripening phases. Nahrung 2001; 45:350-2. [PMID: 11715348 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3803(20011001)45:5<350::aid-food350>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to find a correlation between the chemical and physical parameters in the pulp of the olive, in order to identify the optimum period during the 1998 harvesting period. For this reason various parameters have been monitored: the amount of oil in the pulp during the ripening phase obtained by solvent extraction with n-hexane, the acidity, the peroxide value, the composition of fatty acids and the saturated/unsaturated fatty acid ratio, the composition of the unsaponifiable fraction, the antioxidant capacity, the percentage of oil and the puncture test in two local Croatian olive cultivars. The chemical parameters change during the ripening, in order to control the oxidative changes of the cellular homeostasis of the whole lipophilic fraction that needs a stronger safeguard of the double bonds against the oxidative stress. The modification of the physical characteristics, observed with the puncture test, is related to the chemical changes which occur in the olive during the ripening period and the monitoring of these physical and chemical parameters can help to increase nutritional quality (as antioxidant capacity) and allow for an acceptable amount of oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Finotti
- National Institute for Food and Nutrition Research, Via Ardeatina 546, I-00178 Rome, Italy.
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Giacometti J. Determination of aliphatic alcohols, squalene, alpha-tocopherol and sterols in olive oils: direct method involving gas chromatography of the unsaponifiable fraction following silylation. Analyst 2001; 126:472-5. [PMID: 11340981 DOI: 10.1039/b007090o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In general, analyses for aliphatic alcohols, sterols and tocopherols in vegetable oils are performed separately. A simple and reliable procedure is presented for the quantification of the alkanols, squalene, alpha-tocopherol and sterols in olive oils by a direct method involving gas chromatographic (GC) analysis of the unsaponifiable fraction after silylation. The method eliminates the need for a preliminary thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) fractionation prior to GC. External standard calibration with reference substances was used for the quantification of squalene, alpha-tocopherol and sterols and internal standard calibration for the quantification of aliphatic alcohols. The analyte recovery and the repeatability of the quantitative results were evaluated and were acceptable for routine use.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Giacometti
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, University of Rijeka, Braće Branchetta 20, HR-51000 Rijeka, Croatia.
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Milin C, Domitrović R, Tota M, Giacometti J, Cuk M, Radosević-Stasić B, Ciganj Z. Effect of olive oil- and corn oil-enriched diets on the tissue mineral content in mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 2001; 82:201-10. [PMID: 11697767 DOI: 10.1385/bter:82:1-3:201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2000] [Accepted: 12/20/2000] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The mineral content (zinc, iron, magnesium, and calcium) in the liver, spleen, and thymus of male Balb/C mice was analyzed. Animals were fed, over 21 d, diets enriched with corn oil (FCO diet) or olive oil (FOO diet) (5% addition to standard pellet, w/w). Olive oil with predominant oleic acid (C18:1, n-9) had a quite different composition than corn oil, in which linoleic acid (C18:2, n-6) prevails. The zinc and magnesium tissue concentrations were not changed in either group. The calcium concentration in liver as well as the calcium concentration in spleen increased in mice fed both the FCO and FOO diets. Furthermore, mice fed both the FOO and FCO diets had increased spleen iron concentration. Mice fed the FCO diet had increased thymus calcium concentration compared to controls. The results show the effect of diets with unsaturated, particularly polyunsaturated fatty acids, on the calcium and iron concentration in some organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Milin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty of Rijeka, Croatia
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Giacometti J, Giacometti F, Milin Č, Vasić-Rački Đ. Kinetic characterisation of enzymatic esterification in a solvent system: adsorptive control of water with molecular sieves. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s1381-1177(00)00159-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Verbanac D, Milin C, Radosević-Stasić B, Trobonjaća Z, Domitrović R, Giacometti J, Petković M, Cuk M, Ciganj Z, Rupcić J, Rukavina D. Tissue zinc dynamics during the immune reaction in mice. Biol Trace Elem Res 1998; 65:97-108. [PMID: 9881514 DOI: 10.1007/bf02784262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Owing to the importance of zinc for the functioning of the immune system, the role of endogenous Zn, located both in lymphoid and nonlymphoid organs, was investigated during the standard humoral and cellular types of immune response. For this purpose, the dynamics of hepatic, thymic, splenic, and renal Zn content was determined in mice sensitized with (a) sheep red blood cells and (b) semiallogeneic lymphocytes during the local host vs graft reaction (HVGR). The data obtained by ion-coupled plasma spectrometry revealed that the humoral type of immunity is characterized by a significant increase of Zn concentration in the liver and in the thymus. Simultaneously, linear regression analysis showed that the generation of plaque-forming cells in the individual mouse was highly positively correlated with Zn concentration in the liver (r=0.897), and spleen (r=0.833), and negatively with Zn concentration in the thymus (r=-0.624). Similar relationships between the intensity of local immune reaction and tissue Zn levels were found in local HVGR at the fifth day in the liver and spleen (r=0.861 and r=0.695, respectively), at the seventh day in the thymus (r=-0.797), and at the tenth day in the liver (r=-0.859). The data emphasize the necessity of Zn for the development of normal immune response and point to the existence of a Zn-dependent hepato-thymic axis during the humoral and cellular types of immune reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Verbanac
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Medical Faculty of Rijeka, Croatia
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Verbanac D, Milin C, Domitrović R, Giacometti J, Pantović R, Ciganj Z. Determination of standard zinc values in the intact tissues of mice by ICP spectrometry. Biol Trace Elem Res 1997; 57:91-6. [PMID: 9258472 DOI: 10.1007/bf02803873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
The most commonly encountered difficulties for the quantitative measurement of zinc in biological samples are the limited sample amount, total and effective digestion of connective and fatty residues, and low zinc concentrations. These problems often lead to the determination of lower zinc values than actually present, so that the sample preparation, digestion, and analytical procedure deserve careful attention. In this short communication, a new method for microwave tissue disintegration is described. The authors have obtained consistent and reproducible results with tissue samples of 0.5 g or less.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Verbanac
- Medical Faculty, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Rijeka, Croatia
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