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Marcinek K, Luzak B, Rozalski M. The Effects of Caffeine on Blood Platelets and the Cardiovascular System through Adenosine Receptors. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8905. [PMID: 39201591 PMCID: PMC11354695 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25168905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 08/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/14/2024] [Indexed: 09/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Caffeine is the most popular and widely consumed behaviourally active substance in the world. This review describes the influence of caffeine on the cardiovascular system, with a special focus on blood platelets. For many years, caffeine was thought to have a negative effect on the cardiovascular system mainly due to increasing blood pressure. However, more recent data suggest that habitual caffeine consumption may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease and hypertension. This could be a significant finding as cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death worldwide. Caffeine is known to inhibit A1 adenosine receptors, through which it is believed to modulate inter alia coronary blood flow, total peripheral resistance, diuresis, and heart rate. It has been shown that coffee possesses antiplatelet activity, but depending on the dose and the term of its use, caffeine may stimulate or inhibit platelet reactivity. Also, chronic exposure to caffeine may sensitize or upregulate the adenosine receptors in platelets causing increased cAMP accumulation and anti-aggregatory effects and decrease calcium levels elicited by AR agonists. The search for new, selective, and safe AR agonists is one of the new strategies for improving antiplatelet therapy involving targeting multiple pathways of platelet activation. Therefore, this review examines the AR-dependent impact of caffeine on blood platelets in the presence of adenosine receptor agonists.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcin Rozalski
- Department of Haemostasis and Haemostatic Disorders, Chair of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lodz, Mazowiecka 6/8, 92-235 Lodz, Poland; (K.M.); (B.L.)
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2
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Dong J, Wei R, Zong F, Wang Z, Ma S, Zhao W, Lin Y, Zhang A, Lan G, Zhang F, Zhang HT. Phosphodiesterase 7 inhibitor reduces stress-induced behavioral and cytoarchitectural changes in C57BL/6J mice by activating the BDNF/TrkB pathway. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1411652. [PMID: 39092219 PMCID: PMC11291325 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1411652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Phosphodiesterase 7 (PDE7) plays a role in neurological function. Increased expression and activity of PDE7 has been detected in several central nervous system diseases. However, the role of PDE7 in regulating stress levels remains unclear. Thus, this study aimed to determine whether and how PDE7 involved in the stress-induced behavioral and neuron morphological changes. Methods The single prolonged stress (SPS) was used to build a stress exposure model in C57BL/6 J mice and detected PDE7 activity in hippocampus, amygdala, prefrontal cortex and striatum. Next, three doses (0.2, 1, and 5 mg/kg) of the PDE7 inhibitor BRL-50481 were intraperitoneally administered for 10 days, then behavioral, biochemical, and morphological tests were conducted. Results PDE7 activity in hippocampus of mice significantly increased at all times after SPS. BRL-50481 significantly attenuated SPS induced anxiety-like behavior and fear response in both context and cue. In addition, BRL-50481 increased the levels of key molecules in the cAMP signaling pathway which were impaired by SPS. Immunofluorescent staining and Sholl analysis demonstrated that BRL-50481 also restored the nucleus/cytoplasm ratio of hippocampal neurons and improved neuronal plasticity. These effects of BRL-50481 were partially blocked by the TrkB inhibitor ANA-12. Conclusion PDE7 inhibitors attenuate stress-induced behavioral changes by protecting the neuron cytoarchitecture and the neuronal plasticity in hippocampus, which is mediated at least partly through the activation of BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway. These results proved that PDE7 is a potential target for treating stress-induced behavioral and physiological abnormalities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fang Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, China
| | - Han-Ting Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Qingdao University School of Pharmacy, Qingdao, China
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Wang M, Guo W, Chen JF. Caffeine: a potential mechanism for anti-obesity. Purinergic Signal 2024:10.1007/s11302-024-10022-1. [PMID: 38802651 DOI: 10.1007/s11302-024-10022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity refers to the excessive accumulation of fat caused by a long-term imbalance between energy intake (EI) and energy expenditure (EE). Over recent years, obesity has become a major public health challenge. Caffeine is a natural product that has been demonstrated to exert anti-obesity effects; however, the mechanisms responsible for the effect of caffeine on weight loss have yet to be fully elucidated. Most obesity-related deaths are due to cardiovascular disease. Recent research has demonstrated that caffeine can reduce the risk of death from cardiovascular disease; thus, it can be hypothesized that caffeine may represent a new therapeutic agent for weight loss. In this review, we synthesize data arising from clinical and animal studies over the last decade and discuss the potential mechanisms by which caffeine may induce weight loss, focusing particularly on increasing energy consumption, suppressing appetite, altering lipid metabolism, and influencing the gut microbiota. Finally, we summarize the major challenges associated with caffeine and anti-obesity research and highlight possible directions for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Wang
- International Joint Research Center on Purinergic Signaling, School of Acupuncture and Tuina, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Wei Guo
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China
| | - Jiang-Fan Chen
- The Molecular Neuropharmacology Laboratory and the Eye-Brain Research Center, State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Optometry and Visual Science, Eye Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, China.
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Arroyave-Ospina JC, Buist-Homan M, Schmidt M, Moshage H. Protective effects of caffeine against palmitate-induced lipid toxicity in primary rat hepatocytes is associated with modulation of adenosine receptor A1 signaling. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:114884. [PMID: 37423170 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.114884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiological evidence has shown an association between coffee consumption and reduced risk for chronic liver diseases, including metabolic-dysfunction-associated liver disease (MALFD). Lipotoxicity is a key cause of hepatocyte injury during MAFLD. The coffee component caffeine is known to modulate adenosine receptor signaling via the antagonism of adenosine receptors. The involvement of these receptors in the prevention of hepatic lipotoxicity has not yet been explored. The aim of this study was to explore whether caffeine protects against palmitate-induced lipotoxicity by modulating adenosine receptor signaling. METHODS Primary hepatocytes were isolated from male rats. Hepatocytes were treated with palmitate with or without caffeine or 1,7DMX. Lipotoxicity was verified using Sytox viability staining and mitochondrial JC-10 staining. PKA activation was verified by Western blotting. Selective (ant)agonists of A1AR (DPCPX and CPA, respectively) and A2AR (istradefyline and regadenoson, respectively), the AMPK inhibitor compound C, and the Protein Kinase A (PKA) inhibitor Rp8CTP were used. Lipid accumulation was verified by ORO and BODIPY 453/50 staining. RESULTS Caffeine and its metabolite 1,7DMX prevented palmitate-induced toxicity in hepatocytes. The A1AR antagonist DPCPX also prevented lipotoxicity, whereas both the inhibition of PKA and the A1AR agonist CPA (partially) abolished the protective effect. Caffeine and DPCPX increased lipid droplet formation only in palmitate-treated hepatocytes and decreased mitochondrial ROS production. CONCLUSIONS The protective effect of caffeine against palmitate lipotoxicity was shown to be dependent on A1AR receptor and PKA activation. Antagonism of A1AR also protects against lipotoxicity. Targeting A1AR receptor may be a potential therapeutic intervention with which to treat MAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanna C Arroyave-Ospina
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands.
| | - Manon Buist-Homan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Martina Schmidt
- Department Molecular Pharmacology, Groningen Research Institute of Pharmacy, Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD, GRIAC, University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Han Moshage
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
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Rahn C, Bakuradze T, Stegmüller S, Galan J, Niesen S, Winterhalter P, Richling E. Polyphenol-Rich Beverage Consumption Affecting Parameters of the Lipid Metabolism in Healthy Subjects. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24010841. [PMID: 36614281 PMCID: PMC9821765 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Polyphenols are a diverse and widely distributed class of secondary metabolites, which possess numerous beneficial properties including a modulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. This placebo-controlled human intervention study was performed to explore effects of polyphenol-rich beverage (PRB) uptake on lipid metabolism, as well as DNA integrity. In this case, 36 healthy men were randomly divided to consume either 750 mL of a PRB (containing 51% chokeberry, cranberry, and pomegranate) or a placebo drink daily for eight weeks. Only PRB consumption was found to decrease fat and protein intakes significantly compared to the preceding one-week washout period. During the intervention with PRB an increased fat-free mass was shown after four weeks, whereas a significant elevation in body weight and leptin was observed in placebo group. Blood lipids were not significantly altered after PRB consumption, while triglyceride levels increased after placebo drink intake. In platelets, a significant inhibition of phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity was observed, more pronounced in test group. Consuming the PRB decreased total DNA strand breaks in whole blood as well as H2O2-induced breaks in isolated lymphocytes. Overall, our study suggested beneficial effects on lipid metabolism by reduced energy intake, modulation of biomarkers such as PDE activity and improved DNA integrity associated with PRB consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celina Rahn
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Tamara Bakuradze
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Simone Stegmüller
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Jens Galan
- Medical Institute, Hochgewanne 19, D-67269 Grünstadt, Germany
| | - Sonja Niesen
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstraße 20, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Peter Winterhalter
- Institute of Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Schleinitzstraße 20, D-38106 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Elke Richling
- Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Department of Chemistry, Rheinland-Pfälzische Technische Universität Kaiserslautern-Landau, Erwin-Schrödinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-631-205-4061
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Effects of Caffeine and 5-Caffeoylquinic Acid on Blood Cell In Vitro Cytokine Production in Response to Lipopolysaccharide Stimulation. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12147322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous in vitro studies the have suggested anti-inflammatory properties of caffeine. Coffee is also rich in phenolic acids with several potential health benefits (chlorogenic acids), mainly 5-caffeoylquinic acid (5-CQA). The aim of the present study was to determine the effect of caffeine and 5-CQA, using concentrations comparable to typical human consumption, on LPS-induced cytokine production in whole blood in vitro cultures. Whole blood samples (n = 10) were stimulated for 24 h with LPS in the presence of caffeine or 5-CQA. The concentrations of various cytokines, malondialdehyde (MDA) and adenosine-3′,5′-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP) were determined in the culture media. Significant effects of caffeine were found only for the stimulated production of TNF-α (p = 0.014) and cAMP (p = 0.001). However, only the highest caffeine concentration (50 μM) induced lower TNF-α (p = 0.016) and higher cAMP (p = 0.006) levels in comparison to the control. The 5-CQA only influenced the stimulated production of IL-6 (p = 0.002), with lower values for the highest 5-CQA concentrations (2 μM: p = 0.012; 20 μM: p < 0.001). Neither caffeine (p = 0.227) nor 5-CQA (p = 0.259) influenced MDA concentrations. In conclusion, both caffeine and 5-CQA exerted limited in vitro anti-inflammatory effects. For caffeine, these effects were attained with high physiological concentrations. However, for 5-CQA, supraphysiological concentrations were needed.
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Gache LSDS, Vaz J, Almeida-de-Souza J. Systematic Review of the Effects of Coffee or Its Components on Platelets and Their Regulators. J Caffeine Adenosine Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1089/caff.2021.0004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Josiana Vaz
- Escola Superior de Saúde com sede no Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Montanha (CIMO) com sede no Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
| | - Juliana Almeida-de-Souza
- Escola Superior de Saúde com sede no Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
- Centro de Investigação Montanha (CIMO) com sede no Instituto Politécnico de Bragança, Bragança, Portugal
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Nakitto AMS, Muyonga JH, Byaruhanga YB, Wagner AE. Solanum anguivi Lam. Fruits: Their Potential Effects on Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Molecules 2021; 26:2044. [PMID: 33918509 PMCID: PMC8038283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26072044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a complex metabolic disorder of glucose homeostasis associated with a status of insulin resistance, impaired insulin signaling, β-cell dysfunction, impaired glucose and lipid metabolism, sub-clinical inflammation, and increased oxidative stress. Consuming fruits and vegetables rich in phytochemicals with potential antidiabetic effects may prevent T2DM and/or support a conservative T2DM treatment while being safer and more affordable for people from low-income countries. Solanum anguivi Lam. fruits (SALF) have been suggested to exhibit antidiabetic properties, potentially due to the presence of various phytochemicals, including saponins, phenolics, alkaloids, ascorbic acid, and flavonoids. For the saponin fraction, antidiabetic effects have already been reported. However, it remains unclear whether this is also true for the other phytochemicals present in SALF. This review article covers information on glucose homeostasis, T2DM pathogenesis, and also the potential antidiabetic effects of phytochemicals present in SALF, including their potential mechanisms of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aisha Musaazi Sebunya Nakitto
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda or (A.M.S.N.); (J.H.M.); (Y.B.B.)
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University, Wilhelmstrasse 20, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - John H. Muyonga
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda or (A.M.S.N.); (J.H.M.); (Y.B.B.)
| | - Yusuf Byenkya Byaruhanga
- Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, School of Food Technology Nutrition and Bioengineering, College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062 Kampala, Uganda or (A.M.S.N.); (J.H.M.); (Y.B.B.)
| | - Anika E. Wagner
- Institute of Nutritional Sciences, Justus-Liebig University, Wilhelmstrasse 20, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Wang Y, Alkhalidy H, Liu D. The Emerging Role of Polyphenols in the Management of Type 2 Diabetes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26030703. [PMID: 33572808 PMCID: PMC7866283 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26030703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a fast-increasing health problem globally, and it results from insulin resistance and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. The gastrointestinal (GI) tract is recognized as one of the major regulatory organs of glucose homeostasis that involves multiple gut hormones and microbiota. Notably, the incretin hormone glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) secreted from enteroendocrine L-cells plays a pivotal role in maintaining glucose homeostasis via eliciting pleiotropic effects, which are largely mediated via its receptor. Thus, targeting the GLP-1 signaling system is a highly attractive therapeutic strategy to treatment T2D. Polyphenols, the secondary metabolites from plants, have drawn considerable attention because of their numerous health benefits, including potential anti-diabetic effects. Although the major targets and locations for the polyphenolic compounds to exert the anti-diabetic action are still unclear, the first organ that is exposed to these compounds is the GI tract in which polyphenols could modulate enzymes and hormones. Indeed, emerging evidence has shown that polyphenols can stimulate GLP-1 secretion, indicating that these natural compounds might exert metabolic action at least partially mediated by GLP-1. This review provides an overview of nutritional regulation of GLP-1 secretion and summarizes recent studies on the roles of polyphenols in GLP-1 secretion and degradation as it relates to metabolic homeostasis. In addition, the effects of polyphenols on microbiota and microbial metabolites that could indirectly modulate GLP-1 secretion are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Wang
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA;
| | - Hana Alkhalidy
- Department of Nutrition and Food Technology, Jordan University of Science and Technology, Irbid 22110, Jordan;
| | - Dongmin Liu
- Department of Human Nutrition, Foods and Exercise, College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24060, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-540-231-3402; Fax: +1-540-231-3916
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cAMP Signaling in Pathobiology of Alcohol Associated Liver Disease. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10101433. [PMID: 33050657 PMCID: PMC7600246 DOI: 10.3390/biom10101433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The importance of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) in cellular responses to extracellular signals is well established. Many years after discovery, our understanding of the intricacy of cAMP signaling has improved dramatically. Multiple layers of regulation exist to ensure the specificity of cellular cAMP signaling. Hence, disturbances in cAMP homeostasis could arise at multiple levels, from changes in G protein coupled receptors and production of cAMP to the rate of degradation by phosphodiesterases. cAMP signaling plays critical roles in metabolism, inflammation and development of fibrosis in several tissues. Alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) is a multifactorial condition ranging from a simple steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis and ultimately cirrhosis, which might lead to hepatocellular cancer. To date, there is no FDA-approved therapy for ALD. Hence, identifying the targets for the treatment of ALD is an important undertaking. Several human studies have reported the changes in cAMP homeostasis in relation to alcohol use disorders. cAMP signaling has also been extensively studied in in vitro and in vivo models of ALD. This review focuses on the role of cAMP in the pathobiology of ALD with emphasis on the therapeutic potential of targeting cAMP signaling for the treatment of various stages of ALD.
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In Vitro Inhibition of Phosphodiesterase 3B (PDE 3B) by Anthocyanin-Rich Fruit Juice Extracts and Selected Anthocyanins. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186934. [PMID: 32967310 PMCID: PMC7555035 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) are essential enzymes for the regulation of pathways mediated by cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP). Secondary plant compounds like anthocyanins (ACs) can inhibit PDE activity and, consequently, may be beneficial for lipid metabolism. This study investigated 18 AC-rich juice extracts and pure reference compounds from red fruits for potential inhibitory effects on PDE 3B activity. Extracts were obtained through adsorption on Amberlite® XAD 7 resin. Based on this screening, the chokeberry, blueberry, pomegranate, and cranberry extracts were active, with half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) ranging from 163 ± 3 µg/mL to 180 ± 3 µg/mL. The ACs in these extracts, peonidin-3-glucoside and cyanidin-3-arabinoside, were the most active single compounds (IC50 = 56 ± 20 µg/mL, 108 ± 6 µg/mL). All extracts comprised high amounts of phenolic compounds, as determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu assay, ranging from 39.8 ± 1.5 to 73.5 ± 4.8 g gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/100 g extract. Pomegranate and chokeberry extracts exhibited the largest amounts of polyphenols (72.3 ± 0.7 g GAE/100 g, 70.6 ± 4.1 g GAE/100 g, respectively). Overall, our results showed that fruit juice extracts and their ACs can inhibit PDE activity. Any potential health benefits in vivo will be investigated in the future.
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Kremer JI, Pickard S, Stadlmair LF, Glaß-Theis A, Buckel L, Bakuradze T, Eisenbrand G, Richling E. Alkylpyrazines from Coffee are Extensively Metabolized to Pyrazine Carboxylic Acids in the Human Body. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801341. [PMID: 31125183 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Coffee is a complex mixture of over 1000 compounds, including diverse heteroaromatic compounds such as alkylpyrazines. Little is known about the intake, metabolism, and bodily distribution of these compounds. Therefore, a human intervention study is conducted to investigate the excretion of alkylpyrazine metabolites in urine after the ingestion of brewed coffee containing alkylpyrazines. METHODS AND RESULTS After consuming a diet without heat-processed food, ten volunteers consumed 500 mL of freshly brewed coffee prepared from coffee pads, providing intakes of 2-methylpyrazine (2-MeP), 2,5-dimethylpyrazine (2,5-DMeP), and 2,6-dimethylpyrazine (2,6-DMeP) amounting to 17.2, 4.4, and 4.9 µmol, respectively. These alkylpyrazines are metabolized into the corresponding pyrazine carboxylic acids, namely pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (PA), 5-hydroxypyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (5-OHPA), 5-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (5-MePA), and 6-methylpyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (6-MePA). In total, 64% of the ingested 2-MeP is excreted as PA, as well as 26% as 5-OHPA, while 91% and 97% of the ingested 2,5-DMeP and 2,6-DMeP are recovered as 5-MePA and 6-MePA, respectively, in urine samples collected after coffee consumption. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that alkylpyrazines are rapidly metabolized into the corresponding carboxylic acids and excreted via urine by humans, which is consistent with earlier rodent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan I Kremer
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Stephanie Pickard
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Lara F Stadlmair
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Anika Glaß-Theis
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Leon Buckel
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Tamara Bakuradze
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Gerhard Eisenbrand
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Elke Richling
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, Technische Universität Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schrödinger-Str. 52, D-67663, Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Olas B, Bryś M. Effects of coffee, energy drinks and their components on hemostasis: The hypothetical mechanisms of their action. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:31-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.02.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2018] [Revised: 01/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Abstract
Caffeine is the most consumed active stimulant. About 80% of pregnant women consume caffeine orally on a daily basis. Many reports indicated consumption of >200 mg caffeine during pregnancy could increase the likelihood of miscarriage. In this article, we developed a pregnancy physiological-based pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PBPK/PD) model for caffeine to examine association between maternal caffeine consumption during pregnancy and caffeine plasma levels at doses lower and higher than 200 mg to predict changes in caffeine concentrations across the 3 trimesters, and to predict associated changes in caffeine PD parameters. Two models were successfully developed using GastroPlus software, a nonpregnant model for validation purposes and a pregnant model for validation and prediction of maternal caffeine plasma concentrations following single and multiple dosing. Using observed and predicted data, we were able to validate and simulate PK changes of caffeine in nonpregnant women and the PD effect of caffeine on certain enzymes and catecholamines associated with caffeine intake. Furthermore, the pregnancy PBPK model successfully predicted changes in caffeine PK across the three trimesters. Caffeine increased exposure during pregnancy was related to reduced activity of caffeine metabolizing enzyme CYP1A2. The model also predicted increased levels of caffeine in the fetoplacental compartment (FPC) due to increased maternal caffeine plasma concentrations. Increased caffeine levels in maternal blood was accompanied by greater inhibition of the phosphodiesterase enzyme, higher cyclic adenosine monophosphate, and greater increase of epinephrine levels, which could increase the risk of pregnancy loss. The application of the developed PBPK model to predict the PD effect could provide a useful tool to help define potential cut-offs for caffeine intake in various stages of pregnancy.
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Passon M, Bühlmeier J, Zimmermann BF, Stratmann A, Latz S, Stehle P, Galensa R. Polyphenol Phase-II Metabolites are Detectable in Human Plasma after Ingestion of 13
C Labeled Spinach-a Pilot Intervention Trial in Young Healthy Adults. Mol Nutr Food Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201701003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Maike Passon
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Molecular Food Technology; University of Bonn; Römerstraße 164 53117 Bonn Germany
| | - Judith Bühlmeier
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Nutritional Physiology; University of Bonn; Nußallee 9 53115 Bonn Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry; University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen; 45147 Essen Germany
| | - Benno F. Zimmermann
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Molecular Food Technology; University of Bonn; Römerstraße 164 53117 Bonn Germany
- Institut Kurz GmbH; Stöckheimer Weg 1 50829 Köln Germany
| | - Anja Stratmann
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Food Chemistry; University of Bonn; Endenicher Allee 11-13 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Stefan Latz
- Department of Urology; University of Bonn; Sigmund-Freud-Street 25 Bonn 53127 Germany
| | - Peter Stehle
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Nutritional Physiology; University of Bonn; Nußallee 9 53115 Bonn Germany
| | - Rudolf Galensa
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences; Food Chemistry; University of Bonn; Endenicher Allee 11-13 53115 Bonn Germany
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Inhibition of Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate-Specific Phosphodiesterase by Various Food Plant-Derived Phytotherapeutic Agents. MEDICINES 2017; 4:medicines4040080. [PMID: 29113064 PMCID: PMC5750604 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4040080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 11/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Background: Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) play a major role in the regulation of cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)- and cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP)-mediated pathways. Their inhibitors exhibit anti-inflammatory, vasodilatory and antithrombotic effects. Therefore, consumption of foods with PDE-inhibiting potential may possess beneficial influence on the risk of cardiovascular diseases. Methods: Four plant extracts (Arbutus unedo, Camellia sinensis, Cynara scolymus, Zingiber officinale) with promising ingredient profiles and physiological effects were tested for their ability to inhibit cAMP-specific PDE in vitro in a radioactive assay. Results: Strawberry tree fruit (Arbutus unedo) and tea (Camellia sinensis) extracts did not inhibit PDE markedly. Alternatively, artichoke (Cynara scolymus) extract had a significant inhibitory influence on PDE activity (IC50 = 0.9 ± 0.1 mg/mL) as well as its flavone luteolin (IC50 = 41 ± 10 μM) and 3,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid (IC50 > 1.0 mM). Additionally, the ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract and one of its constituents, [6]-gingerol, significantly inhibited PDE (IC50 = 1.7 ± 0.2 mg/mL and IC50 > 1.7 mM, respectively). Crude fractionation of ginger extract showed that substances responsible for PDE inhibition were in the lipoid fraction (IC50 = 455 ± 19 μg/mL). Conclusions: A PDE-inhibitory effect was shown for artichoke and ginger extract. Whether PDE inhibition in vivo can be achieved through ingestion of artichoke or ginger extracts leading to physiological effects concerning cardiovascular health should be addressed in future research.
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Röhrig T, Liesenfeld D, Richling E. Identification of a Phosphodiesterase-Inhibiting Fraction from Roasted Coffee (Coffea arabica) through Activity-Guided Fractionation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:3792-3800. [PMID: 28443667 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b05613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent reports that coffee can significantly inhibit cAMP phosphodiesterases (PDEs) in vitro, as well as in vivo, have described another beneficial effect of coffee consumption. However, the PDE-inhibiting substances remain mostly unknown. We chose activity-guided fractionation and an in vitro test system to identify the coffee components that are responsible for PDE inhibition. This approach indicated that a fraction of melanoidins reveals strong PDE-inhibiting potential (IC50 = 130 ± 42 μg/mL). These melanoidins were characterized as water-soluble, low-molecular weight melanoidins (<3 kDa) with a nitrogen content of 4.2% and a carbohydrate content lower than those of other melanoidins. Fractions containing known PDE inhibitors such as chlorogenic acids, alkylpyrazines, or trigonelline as well as N-caffeoyl-tryptophan and N-p-coumaroyl-tryptophan did not exert PDE-inhibiting activity. We also observed that the known PDE inhibitor caffeine does not contribute to the PDE-inhibiting effects of coffee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Röhrig
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern , Erwin-Schroedinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - David Liesenfeld
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern , Erwin-Schroedinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
| | - Elke Richling
- Department of Chemistry, Division of Food Chemistry and Toxicology, University of Kaiserslautern , Erwin-Schroedinger-Straße 52, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany
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Scherbl D, Renouf M, Marmet C, Poquet L, Cristiani I, Dahbane S, Emady-Azar S, Sauser J, Galan J, Dionisi F, Richling E. Breakfast consumption induces retarded release of chlorogenic acid metabolites in humans. Eur Food Res Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s00217-016-2793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Stohs SJ, Badmaev V. A Review of Natural Stimulant and Non-stimulant Thermogenic Agents. Phytother Res 2016; 30:732-40. [PMID: 26856274 PMCID: PMC5067548 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2015] [Revised: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and overweight are major health issues. Exercise and calorie intake control are recognized as the primary mechanisms for addressing excess body weight. Naturally occurring thermogenic plant constituents offer adjunct means for assisting in weight management. The controlling mechanisms for thermogenesis offer many intervention points. Thermogenic agents can act through stimulation of the central nervous system with associated adverse cardiovascular effects and through metabolic mechanisms that are non-stimulatory or a combination thereof. Examples of stimulatory thermogenic agents that will be discussed include ephedrine and caffeine. Examples of non-stimulatory thermogenic agents include p-synephrine (bitter orange extract), capsaicin, forskolin (Coleus root extract), and chlorogenic acid (green coffee bean extract). Green tea is an example of a thermogenic with the potential to produce mild but clinically insignificant undesirable stimulatory effects. The use of the aforementioned thermogenic agents in combination with other extracts such as those derived from Salacia reticulata, Sesamum indicum, Lagerstroemia speciosa, Cissus quadrangularis, and Moringa olifera, as well as the use of the carotenoids as lutein and fucoxanthin, and flavonoids as naringin and hesperidin can further facilitate energy metabolism and weight management as well as sports performance without adverse side effects. © 2016 The Authors Phytotherapy Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidney J. Stohs
- School of Pharmacy and Health ProfessionsCreighton UniversityOmahaNE68178USA
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Richling E. Kaffeetrinken und DNA schützen. CHEM UNSERER ZEIT 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ciuz.201580027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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