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Zhang D, Wang Y, Li W, Duan Y, Li F, Cui Y. Iodine status and knowledge among pregnant and lactating women in Large City in Northern China after nearly 30 years of the universal salt iodization. Eur J Nutr 2024:10.1007/s00394-024-03465-0. [PMID: 39030442 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-024-03465-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the implementation of the universal salt iodization, the iodine nutrition for children and adults has been appropriate, but pregnant women are still at risk of iodine deficiency. It is of great public health significance to explore the iodine status and knowledge, and influence factors and the appropriate health education methods among pregnant and lactating women. METHODS From January 2022 to December 2023, at least 50 pregnant women and 50 lactating women were randomly selected from the resident population annually in 16 districts of Tianjin, North China. A total of 1671 pregnant women and 1658 lactating women were recruited. All participants' households salt and random urine samples were collected. A questionnaire was conducted to collect data on iodine related knowledge and behaviors as well as needs of health education from all participants. Logistic regression models were constructed to analyze the factors affecting the iodine related knowledge level. We used the Rasch model and the quadrantal graph to analyze the participants' knowledge level on different iodine-related questions and their needs for health education. RESULTS The median urine iodine concentration (UIC) of pregnant and lactating women in Tianjin were 152.40 μg/L and 124.60 μg/L. In some districts, the median UIC of pregnant and lactating women below the appropriate range. The iodized salt coverage rate of pregnant and lactating women in Tianjin was 76.12% and 77.40%, respectively. In pregnant and lactating women who did not actively supplement with iodine, the median UIC in those who consumed non-iodized salt were significantly lower than that in those who consumed iodized salt (139.26 μg/L and 154.40 μg/L, P = 0.044; 94.60 μg/L and 123.80 μg/L, P < 0.001). Compared with the low knowledge score group, pregnant women in the high knowledge score group had a higher proportion of iodized salt consumption (71.25% and 78.05%, P = 0.003), and pregnant and lactating women in the high knowledge score group had a higher proportion of actively supplement iodine (44.61% and 55.34%, P < 0.001; 39.26% and 49.78%, P < 0.001). Health education may be the main factor affecting the iodine related knowledge scores for pregnant and lactating women, with adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) of 2.89 (2.30, 3.62) and 2.46 (1.97, 3.07), respectively. Pregnant and lactating women are most expected to acquire knowledge through healthcare professionals (72.11%) and wechat/website (74.91%), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Pregnant and lactating women in some areas of Tianjin are at risk of iodine deficiency. Iodized salt consumption is an important way to ensure iodine nutrition of the population, and the lack of iodine related knowledge is an important factor affecting the consumption of iodized salt. Health education in different ways can be carried out for different people to improve the acceptance and efficiency of health education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Zhang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Yang Wang
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Wenfeng Li
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Yani Duan
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Fang Li
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300011, China
| | - Yushan Cui
- Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 6 Huayue Road, Hedong District, Tianjin, 300011, China.
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Tattersall JK, Peiris MS, Arai M, McCully K, Pearce N, Rayman MP, Stergiadis S, Bath SC. Variation in milk‑iodine concentration around the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the difference between season and dairy-production system. Food Chem 2024; 459:140388. [PMID: 39033567 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.140388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 06/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Iodine is essential for thyroid hormone production. Milk and dairy products are important sources of iodine in many countries. We aimed to review systematically the variation in milk‑iodine concentration between countries, seasons and farming practice. We searched online food composition tables and published literature for data since 2006. Milk‑iodine concentration was available for 34 countries (from 66 sources) and ranged from 5.5 to 49.9 μg/100 g (median 17.3 μg/100 g). Meta-analyses identified that iodine concentration is significantly higher in: (i) winter than summer milk (mean difference 5.97 μg/100 g; p = 0.001), and (ii) in conventional than in organic milk (mean difference 6.00 μg/100 g; p < 0.0001). Sub-group analysis showed that the difference between organic and conventional milk was only significant in summer (p = 0.0003). The seasonal variation in milk‑iodine concentration may affect iodine intake and status so should be considered in dietary surveys, and when assessing population iodine status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne K Tattersall
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Manishka S Peiris
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Maika Arai
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Katherine McCully
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Neeve Pearce
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Margaret P Rayman
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK
| | - Sokratis Stergiadis
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, Department of Animal Sciences, University of Reading PO Box 237, Earley Gate, Reading RG6 6EU, UK
| | - Sarah C Bath
- Department of Nutrition, Food, and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK.
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Kelliher L, Kiely ME, Hennessy Á. Development and validation of a food frequency questionnaire to assess habitual iodine intake among women of childbearing age. J Hum Nutr Diet 2024; 37:633-642. [PMID: 38368606 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.13289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate iodine status is critical for thyroid hormone synthesis, which is essential for foetal brain development. Suboptimal iodine status has been reported in young women across Europe. Although urinary iodine concentration (UIC) is a good indicator of recent exposure, it does not reflect habitual iodine intake. This study aimed to develop and validate an iodine-specific food frequency questionnaire (I-FFQ) to assess habitual intake in Irish women aged 18-50 years. METHODS A 47-item interviewer-administered I-FFQ, informed by national food consumption data on Irish women aged 18-35 years, was developed and validated in a study of 100 nonpregnant women using a 4-day weighed food diary (FD) and UIC as the reference methods. Correlation, cross-classification and Bland-Altman analyses were used to assess agreement and bias between the I-FFQ and FD. Validity coefficients were calculated using the method of triads. RESULTS Median (interquartile range [IQR]) UIC was 82 (49, 139) µg/L. Median (IQR) intakes were 161 (106, 217) and 133 (98, 182) µg/day for the I-FFQ and FD, respectively (p = 0.001). Estimates were moderately correlated (r = 0.434), and the I-FFQ classified 89% of participants into the same or adjacent tertile of intake as the FD. Validity coefficients for the I-FFQ, FD and UIC were 0.542, 0.800 and 0.228, respectively. Though repeatability analyses 10 weeks later (n = 69) showed slight differences in estimates of intake (I-FFQ1: 164 (104, 210) µg/day; I-FFQ2: 132 (67, 237) µg/day), intakes were highly correlated between administrations (r = 0.627, p = 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The I-FFQ provides a reasonable estimate of habitual iodine intake in young women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Kelliher
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Mairead E Kiely
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
| | - Áine Hennessy
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
- INFANT Research Centre, University College Cork, Cork, Republic of Ireland
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Qin Y, Cifelli CJ, Agarwal S, Fugoni VL. Dairy food consumption is beneficially linked with iodine status in US children and adults: National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2001-2018. Public Health Nutr 2023; 26:1828-1839. [PMID: 37092715 PMCID: PMC10478070 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002300071x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to determine the association between the consumption of dairy foods with urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and iodine deficiency risk in a nationally representative sample of the US population. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS 24-hour dietary recall data and laboratory data for UIC (μg/l) from subjects 2+ years old US population participating in National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys 2001-2018 were used (n 26 838) for analyses after adjusting for demographic covariates. Significant associations were assessed at P < 0·05. RESULTS Mean intakes of total dairy were 2·21, 2·17 and 1·70 cup equivalents (cup eq) among those 2-8, 9-18 and 19+ years, respectively. Of the dairy components, intake of milk was highest followed by cheese and yogurt for all age groups. Total dairy intakes were positively associated with UIC among those 2-8 years (β = 29·9 ± 9·9 μg/l urine/cup eq dairy) and 9-18 years (β = 26·0 ± 4·8 μg/l urine/cup eq dairy) but not associated among those 19+ years. Total dairy intakes were associated with lowered risks (30 %, 21 % and 20 % for among 2-8, 9-18 and 19+ years, respectively) of being classified as iodine insufficient (UIC < 100 μg/l) or lowered risk (47 %, 30 % and 26 % among 2-8, 9-18 and 19+ years, respectively) of being classified as iodine severely deficient (UIC < 20 μg/l). CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that dairy foods are beneficially associated with UIC and lowered iodine deficiency risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Qin
- Department of Nutrition Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN47906, USA
| | | | - Sanjiv Agarwal
- NutriScience LLC, 901 Heatherwood Drive, East Norriton, PA19403, USA
| | - Victor L Fugoni
- Nutrition Impact, LLC, 9725 D Drive North, Battle Creek, MI49014, USA
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An Evaluation of Probability of Adequate Nutrient Intake (PANDiet) Scores as a Diet Quality Metric in Irish National Food Consumption Data. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14050994. [PMID: 35267969 PMCID: PMC8912666 DOI: 10.3390/nu14050994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying reliable metrics which measure the quality of a diet to promote nutrient adequacy and long-term health is an important step in the development of a sustainable food system. The Probability of Adequate Nutrient Intake (PANDiet) scoring system has been used as a measure of dietary quality in interdisciplinary research in recent years. The aim of the current study is to apply the PANDiet scoring system, and to assess the validity of the score as a metric of nutritional adequacy, within the Irish population. The Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey is a representative database with detailed data on nutrient intakes (18−90 years; n = 1051 valid-reporters; 2008−2010) and biofluid analytes (blood n = 786; urine n = 778). The PANDiet scoring system was expanded to include seven macronutrients, twelve micronutrients, nine minerals, and total energy using an established methodology. PANDiet scores were assessed against the Alternate Healthy Eating Index (AHEI) and Alternate Mediterranean Diet (aMED) food-based scores. The average score for the population (μ) was 63.69 ± 0.23 and ranged from 38.27 to 89.74. Higher PANDiet scores were significantly associated with males, higher educated participants, non-smokers, and low-energy-dense diets (p < 0.001). Females between the ages of 18 and 35 had a significantly lower nutrient adequacy score (μ 59.17). PANDiet scores were significantly correlated with serum folate, riboflavin status, serum vitamin D (p < 0.05) and with AHEI and aMED scores (Rs 0.45 and 0.43, p < 0.0001). The nutritional contribution of food groups varied between genders and low, moderate, and high nutritional adequacy groups. The PANDiet scoring system facilitated a detailed analysis of nutritional adequacy across sub-groups of the population, and is a comprehensive and valid diet quality metric in Irish databases.
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Habitual iodine intake in pregnant Irish women. Proc Nutr Soc 2022. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665122001756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bath SC, Verkaik-Kloosterman J, Sabatier M, ter Borg S, Eilander A, Hora K, Aksoy B, Hristozova N, van Lieshout L, Tanju Besler H, Lazarus JH. OUP accepted manuscript. Nutr Rev 2022; 80:2154-2177. [PMID: 35713524 PMCID: PMC9549594 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuac032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Context Adequate iodine intake is essential throughout life. Key dietary sources are iodized salt and animal products, but dietary patterns in Europe are changing, for example toward lower salt intake and a more plant-based diet. Objective To review iodine intake (not status) in European populations (adults, children, and pregnant women) to identify at-risk groups and dietary sources. Data sources PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane databases, as well as European national nutrition surveys were searched for data on had iodine intake (from dietary assessment) and sources of iodine, collected after 2006. Data selection In total, 57 studies were included, comprising 22 national surveys and 35 sub-national studies. Iodine intake data were available from national surveys of children aged <10 years (n = 11), 11–17 years (n = 12), and adults (n = 15), but data from pregnancy were only available from sub-national studies. Results Iodine intake data are lacking—only 17 of 45 (38%) European countries had iodine-intake data from national surveys. Iodine intake reported from national surveys was below recommendations for: (1) children aged <10 years in 2 surveys (18%), (2) boys and girls aged 11–17 years in 6 (50%) and 8 (68%) surveys, respectively, and (3) adult men and women in 7 (47%) and 12 (80%) surveys, respectively. In pregnant women, intake was below recommendations except where women were taking iodine-containing supplements. Just 32% of national surveys (n = 7) included iodized salt when estimating iodine intake. Milk, dairy products, fish, and eggs were important contributors to intake in many countries, suggesting limited sources in plant-based diets. Conclusion Results are limited by the challenges of dietary assessment for measuring iodine intake. Future national surveys should include iodine intake. Policy makers should consider dietary sources alongside any iodized salt policies when considering methods for improving population iodine intake. Systematic Review Registration PROSPERO 2017 CRD42017075422.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah C Bath
- S.C. Bath, Department of Nutritional Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, UK. E-mail:
| | | | - Magalie Sabatier
- Nestlé Institute of Health Sciences, Nestlé Research, Société des Produits Nestlé SA, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sovianne ter Borg
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ans Eilander
- Unilever Foods Innovation Centre, Wageningen, Gelderland, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Hora
- SQM International N.V., Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - Burcu Aksoy
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Medeniyet University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nevena Hristozova
- International Life Sciences Institute (ILSI) Europe, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Halit Tanju Besler
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Istinye University, İstanbul, Turkey
| | - John H Lazarus
- Department of Endocrinology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
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8
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Iron, iodine and vitamin D deficiencies during pregnancy: epidemiology, risk factors and developmental impacts. Proc Nutr Soc 2021; 80:290-302. [PMID: 33988109 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665121001944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient deficiency persists throughout the world, and although the burden is higher in low-resource settings, it is also prevalent in wealthy countries, a phenomenon termed 'hidden hunger'. Due to their high requirements for vitamins and minerals relative to their energy intake, young women and children are particularly vulnerable to hidden hunger. As they share several risk factors and impact on overlapping outcomes, we consider how deficiency of iron, iodine and vitamin D can have profound impacts on perinatal health and infant development. We review the epidemiology of these micronutrient deficiencies during pregnancy, including social, environmental and dietary risk factors. We identify the main challenges in defining nutritional status of these nutrients using validated diagnostic criteria linked with meaningful clinical outcomes. Public health strategies are urgently required to improve the overall health and nutritional status of women of reproductive age. Obesity prevention and early detection of malnutrition with standardised screening methods would detect pregnant women at increased risk of iron deficiency. Development of sensitive, individual biomarkers of iodine status is required to protect maternal health and fetal/infant brain development. Risk assessments of vitamin D requirements during pregnancy need to be revisited from the perspective of fetal and neonatal requirements. International consensus on standardised approaches to micronutrient assessment, analysis and reporting as well as sensitive, clinically validated infant and child neuro-behavioural outcomes will enable progression of useful observational and intervention studies.
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Prendiville O, Walton J, Flynn A, Nugent AP, McNulty BA, Brennan L. Classifying Individuals Into a Dietary Pattern Based on Metabolomic Data. Mol Nutr Food Res 2021; 65:e2001183. [PMID: 33864732 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202001183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE The objectives are to develop a metabolomic-based model capable of classifying individuals into dietary patterns and to investigate the reproducibility of the model. METHODS AND RESULTS K-means cluster analysis is employed to derive dietary patterns using metabolomic data. Differences across the dietary patterns are examined using nutrient biomarkers. The model is used to assign individuals to a dietary pattern in an independent cohort, A-DIET Confirm (n = 175) at four time points. The stability of participants to a dietary pattern is assessed. Four dietary patterns are derived: moderately unhealthy, convenience, moderately healthy, and prudent. The moderately unhealthy and convenience patterns has lower adherence to the alternative healthy eating index (AHEI) and the alternative mediterranean diet score (AMDS) compared to the moderately healthy and prudent patterns (AHEI = 24.5 and 22.9 vs 26.7 and 28.4, p < 0.001). The dietary patterns are replicated in A-DIET Confirm, with good reproducibility across four time points. The stability of participants' dietary pattern membership ranged from 25.0% to 61.5%. CONCLUSION The multivariate model classifies individuals into dietary patterns based on metabolomic data. In an independent cohort, the model classifies individuals into dietary patterns at multiple time points furthering the potential of such an approach for nutrition research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orla Prendiville
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Janette Walton
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Anne P Nugent
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queens University Belfast, Northern Ireland
| | - Breige A McNulty
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- UCD School of Agriculture and Food Science, UCD Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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Iodine status five years after the adjustment of universal salt iodization: a cross-sectional study in Fujian Province, China. Nutr J 2021; 20:17. [PMID: 33622335 PMCID: PMC7903767 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-021-00676-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Universal salt iodization program was introduced to China to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders in 1995. In 2012, Fujian Province decreased the concentration of iodized table salt according to the national unified requirement. This study aimed to assess the effect on iodine status after the adjustment, providing evidence for further adjustment in Fujian Province. Methods Sampling units were selected by multistage cluster sampling method. In each sampling unit, table salt was collected from 30 households. A total of 2,471 people in 2009 and 4,806 people in 2017 provided urine samples and were included in this cross-sectional analysis. Median iodized salt concentration and median urine iodine concentration were present by median and interquartile range. Results Median iodized salt decreased from 29.8 mg/kg in 2009 to 23.9 mg/kg in 2017. The median urinary iodine concentrations for school-age children in 2017 in coastal urban area, non-coastal urban area, coastal rural area and non-coastal rural area were 163.6µg/L (interquartile range = 100.1–252.0µg/L), 198.9µg/L (interquartile range = 128.0-294.0µg/L), 181.8µg/L (interquartile range = 114.1–257.0µg/L) and 218.2µg/L (interquartile range = 148.1-306.5µg/L), respectively. The median urinary iodine concentrations for adults in 2017 in these areas were 151.1µg/L (interquartile range = 98.3-231.7µg/L), 168.7µg/L (interquartile range = 109.6–242.0µg/L), 167.7µg/L (interquartile range = 105.7-245.7µg/L) and 182.7µg/L (interquartile range = 117.1-258.9µg/L). The median urinary iodine concentrations for pregnant women in 2017 in these areas were 157.7µg/L (interquartile range = 106.9-223.8µg/L), 141.5µg/L (interquartile range = 97.7-207.6µg/L), 127.3µg/L (interquartile range = 90.0-184.5µg/L) and 144.8µg/L (interquartile range = 99.9-184.5µg/L). The median urinary iodine concentrations for lactating women in 2017 in these areas were 122.7µg/L (interquartile range = 84.1–172.0µg/L), 123.7µg/L (interquartile range = 70.7-184.7µg/L), 105.8µg/L (interquartile range = 67.1-152.3µg/L) and 110.2µg/L (interquartile range = 74.1-170.3µg/L). Conclusions The overall urinary iodine concentrations among school-age children, adults and lactating women dramatically decreased after implementing the new standard. Almost all of them were iodine adequate, suggesting we reached the expected aim of iodized salt adjustment. However, pregnant women were iodine insufficient after adjustment. Therefore, we should continue the surveillance of iodine status of populations and focus on the additional iodine supplement strategies for pregnant women.
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Shaw M, Nugent AP, McNulty BA, Walton J, McHugh M, Kane A, Moore Heslin A, Morrissey E, Mullan K, Woodside JV. What is the availability of iodised salt in supermarkets on the Island of Ireland? Eur J Clin Nutr 2019; 73:1636-1638. [PMID: 31624363 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-019-0518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Iodine deficiency remains a global nutritional public health challenge, with evidence suggesting borderline adequate or even deficient status for UK and Irish subpopulations such as schoolgirls and pregnant women. The solution, according to the WHO, is salt iodisation, but it is not known how widely available iodised salt is in supermarkets. Iodised salt availability was determined by a shelf survey of 89 supermarket stores on the island of Ireland (n = 30 in Northern Ireland and n = 59 in the Republic of Ireland) from September 2018 to January 2019, to take into account factors such as store type, location, population density, socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Availability was calculated as the number of stores selling iodised salt as a percentage of the total. Iodised salt was only available in 11 stores (12%), of which 10 were ethnic stores. This indicates a lack of access for the majority of the Irish and Northern Irish populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Shaw
- Institute for Global Food Security, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Anne P Nugent
- Institute for Global Food Security, School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Breige A McNulty
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Janette Walton
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
| | - Michaela McHugh
- Institute for Global Food Security, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ashley Kane
- Institute for Global Food Security, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Aoibhin Moore Heslin
- Institute of Food and Health, School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Eoin Morrissey
- Department of Biological Sciences, Cork Institute of Technology, Cork, Ireland
| | - Karen Mullan
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology & Diabetes, Belfast Health & Social Care Trust, Belfast, UK
| | - Jayne V Woodside
- Institute for Global Food Security, Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
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Mullan K, Hamill L, Doolan K, Young I, Smyth P, Flynn A, Walton J, Meharg AA, Carey M, McKernan C, Bell M, Black N, Graham U, McCance D, McHugh C, McMullan P, McQuaid S, O'Loughlin A, Tuthill A, Bath SC, Rayman M, Woodside JV. Iodine status of teenage girls on the island of Ireland. Eur J Nutr 2019; 59:1859-1867. [PMID: 31321499 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-019-02037-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Mullan
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast, Belfast, Ireland.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Una Graham
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast, Belfast, Ireland
| | - David McCance
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast, Belfast, Ireland
| | | | - Paul McMullan
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology and Diabetes, Royal Victoria Hospital Belfast, Belfast, Ireland
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Wang D, Yu S, Yin Y, Xie S, Cheng Q, Li H, Cheng X, Qiu L. Iodine status of euthyroid adults: A cross-sectional, multicenter study. J Clin Lab Anal 2019; 33:e22837. [PMID: 30737844 PMCID: PMC6528587 DOI: 10.1002/jcla.22837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Iodine, an essential nutrient, is the most important trace element in thyroid hormone synthesis and maintenance of thyroid function. This study investigated the iodine nutrition status in healthy Chinese adults and assessed the relationship between urinary iodine concentration (UIC) and thyroid hormone levels. Methods A cross‐sectional, multicenter study was conducted between October 2017 and January 2018, with 1017 adults recruited from five cities in China. All subjects underwent thyroid ultrasonography, and only those with normal results were included in the study. UICs were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy and adjusted using urine creatinine levels. Thyroid hormone levels were measured using an automated immunoassay analyzer. Results The median UIC and adjusted UIC were 134.0 µg/L and 114.2 µg/g, respectively. UIC was not significantly different between males and females (P = 0.737). However, the adjusted UIC was significantly different between sexes (P < 0.001). The median UIC was higher than 100 µg/L. According to the World Health Organization criterion (100 µg/L), the total prevalence of iodine deficiency is 33.1% (n = 271). The prevalence rates of iodine deficiency in our study were 33.2% and 32.9% in males and females, respectively, and had no difference between sexes and among cities (P > 0.05). Serum thyroid‐stimulating hormone (TSH) levels increased when UIC increased. The Kruskal‐Wallis test showed no significant differences in free triiodothyronine, free thyroxine, and TSH, with different levels of UIC (all P > 0.05). Conclusions Chinese adults with normal thyroid structure have relatively sufficient iodine levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danchen Wang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Songlin Yu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Yicong Yin
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Shaowei Xie
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Honglei Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Xinqi Cheng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
| | - Ling Qiu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Science, Beijing, China
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Bhattacharya U, Chandra AK. Assessment of Iodine Nutritional Status of School-Age Children in Kolkata District of West Bengal State in Post-Iodation Scenario. J Trop Pediatr 2019; 65:55-62. [PMID: 29660100 DOI: 10.1093/tropej/fmy011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
To evaluate the state of iodine nutrition in post-iodation scenario, 3500 children were examined clinically for endemic goitre. Iodine and thiocyanate were measured in 240 urine samples; iodine content in 210 salt samples was measured. Total goitre prevalence was 6.1%. Median urinary iodine level was 21.80 µg/dl, and mean (±SD) urinary thiocyanate was 0.89 ± 0.49 mg/dl. Iodine content of only 11.9% salt samples was below recommended level of 15 ppm, 25.2% was between 15 and 30 ppm and 62.9% was >30 ppm. Iodine deficiency disorders are thus clinically mild public health problem of the studied population; however, they have no biochemical iodine deficiency. Studied population found exposed to thiocyanate load that might be the possible cause for persistence of endemic goitre. People of Kolkata should be advised to eat commonly consumed goitrogenic foods after boiling and decanting the water. Periodical monitoring and evaluation of iodine status should be mandatory.
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Abstract
Population ageing is rapidly progressing and it is estimated that by 2050 one in every five people globally will be aged 60 years or over. Research has shown that adequate nutritional status can positively impact the ageing process, resulting in improved quality of life and the prevention of chronic disease and mortality. However, due to physiological and social changes associated with ageing, older adults may be at increased risk of nutrient deficiencies. This review aims to investigate the nutrient intake and status of older adults in Europe and to explore the potential role of fortified foods and nutritional supplements in addressing some of the nutritional challenges identified in this population group. The available literature has highlighted unfavourable intakes of total and saturated fat, sugar, salt and dietary fibre together with low intakes and suboptimal status of key micronutrients such as vitamins D, B2, B12, folate and calcium. Evidence has shown that the consumption of fortified foods and use of nutritional supplements make significant contributions to intakes and status of these micronutrients in older adults. Continued monitoring of nutrient intake and status is important in light of changing fortification practices and food consumption patterns. Future strategies to address the nutritional issues identified in older adults could include the promotion of healthy food choices together with improvements of the food supply including reformulation (fat, sugar and salt), food fortification or supplementation to support successful ageing of our populations.
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Gibney MJ, O'Sullivan A, Flynn A, Walton J, Daniel H, Manios Y, Martinez A, Saris WHM, Gibney ER, Uzhova I. Analysis of the National Adult Nutrition Survey (Ireland) and the Food4Me Nutrition Survey Databases to Explore the Development of Food Labelling Portion Sizes for the European Union. Nutrients 2018; 11:nu11010006. [PMID: 30577456 PMCID: PMC6356260 DOI: 10.3390/nu11010006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study set out to explore the option of developing food portion size for nutritional labelling purposes using two European Union (EU) dietary surveys. The surveys were selected as they differed in (a) methodologies (food diary versus food frequency questionnaire), (b) populations (Irish National Adult Nutrition Survey (NANS) versus a seven-country survey based on the pan EU study Food4Me), (c) food quantification (multiple options versus solely photographic album) and (d) duration (4 consecutive days versus recent month). Using data from these studies, portion size was determined for 15 test foods, where portion size was defined as the median intake of a target food when consumed. The median values of the portion sizes derived from both the NANS and Food4Me surveys were correlated (r = 0.823; p < 0.00) and the mean of the two survey data sets were compared to US values from the Recognized as Customarily Consumed (RACC) database. There was very strong agreement across all food categories between the averaged EU and the US portion size (r = 0.947; p < 0.00). It is concluded that notwithstanding the variety of approaches used for dietary survey data in the EU, the present data supports using a standardized approach to food portion size quantification for food labelling in the EU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Gibney
- Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, D04V1W8 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Aifric O'Sullivan
- Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, D04V1W8 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Albert Flynn
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12Y337 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Janette Walton
- School of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University College Cork, T12Y337 Cork, Ireland.
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Molecular Nutrition Unit, Center of Life and Food Sciences Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, D-85354 Freising, Germany.
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, 17671 Athens, Greece.
| | - Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31009 Pamplona, Spain.
| | - Wim H M Saris
- Department of Human Biology, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Centre, 6200MD Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, D04V1W8 Dublin, Ireland.
| | - Irina Uzhova
- Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, D04V1W8 Dublin, Ireland.
- Department of Health and Nutritional Sciences, Institute of Technology Sligo, F92YW50 Sligo, Ireland.
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Madar AA, Meltzer HM, Heen E, Meyer HE. Iodine Status among Somali Immigrants in Norway. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10030305. [PMID: 29510554 PMCID: PMC5872723 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We lack knowledge about iodine status in the Norwegian population in general, and particularly among immigrants. We aimed to estimate the iodine status and potentially associated factors in a Somali population in Norway. Somali men and women aged 20–73, who were living in one district in Oslo, were recruited between December 2015 and October 2016. Twenty-four-hour urine was collected from 169 participants (91 females and 78 males). Iodine was analysed using the Sandell–Kolthoff reaction on microplates and colorimetric measurement. Information about diet was collected using a short food frequency questionnaire. Iodine intake was calculated from the 24-h iodine excretion. The mean urine volume over 24-h was 1.93 liters (min–max: 0.55–4.0) and the urinary iodine concentration (UIC) varied from 13 to 263 µg/L with a median value of 62.5 µg/L indicating a population with mild iodine deficiency. The median daily iodine intake for the study population was estimated to be 124 μg/day. Mean serum thyroid-stimulating hormone, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) was 2.1 (SD 1.1) mU/L, 15.0 (SD 2.1) pmol/L, and 5.1 (SD 0.6) pmol/L, respectively. No food groups were associated with iodine intake and neither was gender, age, education level nor length of residence in Norway. In conclusion, this study showed that iodine intake was low, and a considerable proportion of the Somali population studied had sub-optimal iodine status. Monitoring of iodine status should be prioritised and measures to ensure adequate iodine intake, particularly among vulnerable groups initiated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Madar
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Post Box 1130 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
| | | | - Espen Heen
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Post Box 1130 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
| | - Haakon E Meyer
- Department of Community Medicine and Global Health, Institute of Health and Society, University of Oslo, Post Box 1130 Blindern, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
- Norwegian Institute of Public Health, 0318 Oslo, Norway.
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O'Kane SM, Pourshahidi LK, Mulhern MS, Weir RR, Hill S, O'Reilly J, Kmiotek D, Deitrich C, Mackle EM, Fitzgerald E, Lowis C, Johnston M, Strain JJ, Yeates AJ. The Effect of Processing and Seasonality on the Iodine and Selenium Concentration of Cow's Milk Produced in Northern Ireland (NI): Implications for Population Dietary Intake. Nutrients 2018; 10:E287. [PMID: 29494493 PMCID: PMC5872705 DOI: 10.3390/nu10030287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cow's milk is the most important dietary source of iodine in the UK and Ireland, and also contributes to dietary selenium intakes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of season, milk fat class (whole; semi-skimmed; skimmed) and pasteurisation on iodine and selenium concentrations in Northern Ireland (NI) milk, and to estimate the contribution of this milk to consumer iodine and selenium intakes. Milk samples (unpasteurised, whole, semi-skimmed and skimmed) were collected weekly from two large NI creameries between May 2013 and April 2014 and were analysed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Using milk consumption data from the National Diet and Nutrition Survey (NDNS) Rolling Programme, the contribution of milk (at iodine and selenium concentrations measured in the present study) to UK dietary intakes was estimated. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) iodine concentration of milk was 475.9 ± 63.5 µg/kg and the mean selenium concentration of milk was 17.8 ± 2.7 µg/kg. Season had an important determining effect on the iodine, but not the selenium, content of cow's milk, where iodine concentrations were highest in milk produced in spring compared to autumn months (534.3 ± 53.7 vs. 433.6 ± 57.8 µg/kg, respectively; p = 0.001). The measured iodine and selenium concentrations of NI milk were higher than those listed in current UK Food Composition Databases (Food Standards Agency (FSA) (2002); FSA (2015)). The dietary modelling analysis confirmed that milk makes an important contribution to iodine and selenium intakes. This contribution may be higher than previously estimated if iodine and selenium (+25.0 and +1.1 µg/day respectively) concentrations measured in the present study were replicable across the UK at the current level of milk consumption. Iodine intakes were theoretically shown to vary by season concurrent with the seasonal variation in NI milk iodine concentrations. Routine monitoring of milk iodine concentrations is required and efforts should be made to understand reasons for fluctuations in milk iodine concentrations, in order to realise the nutritional impact to consumers.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maria O'Kane
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Maria S Mulhern
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Ruth R Weir
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Sarah Hill
- LGC, Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LY, UK.
| | | | - Diana Kmiotek
- LGC, Queens Road, Teddington, Middlesex TW11 0LY, UK.
| | | | - Emer M Mackle
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Edel Fitzgerald
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Carole Lowis
- The Dairy Council for Northern Ireland, Edgewater Road, Belfast BT3 9JQ, UK.
| | - Mike Johnston
- The Dairy Council for Northern Ireland, Edgewater Road, Belfast BT3 9JQ, UK.
| | - J J Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
| | - Alison J Yeates
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), University of Ulster, Cromore Road, Coleraine BT52 1SA, UK.
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O'Kane SM, Pourshahidi LK, Mulhern MS, Strain JJ, Mackle EM, Koca D, Schomburg L, Hill S, O'Reilly J, Kmiotek D, Deitrich C, Bath SC, Yeates AJ. Cow Milk Consumption Increases Iodine Status in Women of Childbearing Age in a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Nutr 2018; 148:401-408. [PMID: 29546298 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxx043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent evidence has highlighted the prevalence of mild-to-moderate iodine deficiency in women of childbearing age and pregnant women, with important public health ramifications due to the role of iodine, which is required for thyroid hormone production, in neurodevelopment. Cow milk contributes the greatest amount to iodine intakes in several countries. Objective The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of increased cow milk consumption on iodine status, thyroid hormone concentrations, and selenium status. Methods A 12-wk randomized controlled trial was conducted in 78 low-moderate milk-consuming (<250 mL/d) healthy women (aged 18-45 y). The intervention group was asked to consume 3 L semiskimmed milk/wk, whereas the control group continued their usual milk consumption (baseline median: 140 mL/d; IQR: 40-240 mL/d). At baseline and weeks 6 and 12, participants provided a spot urine sample [urinary iodine concentration (UIC), creatinine] and a fasting blood sample (thyroid hormone concentrations, serum total selenium, selenoprotein P). Results At baseline, the median (IQR) UIC of all participants was 78.5 µg/L (39.1-126.1 µg/L). Changes in the median UIC from baseline to week 6 (35.4 compared with 0.6 µg/L; P = 0.014) and week 12 (51.6 compared with -3.8 µg/L; P = 0.045) were significantly greater in the intervention group compared with the control group. However, despite being higher within the intervention group at weeks 6 and 12, the change in the iodine:creatinine ratio from baseline was not significantly different between groups at either week 6 (P = 0.637) or week 12 (P = 0.178). There were no significant differences in thyroid hormone concentrations or selenium status between groups at any time point. Conclusions The present study shows that the consumption of additional cow milk can significantly increase UIC in women of childbearing age. These results suggest that cow milk is a potentially important dietary source of iodine in this population group. This trial was registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02767167.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Maria O'Kane
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - L Kirsty Pourshahidi
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Maria S Mulhern
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - J J Strain
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Emer M Mackle
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, United Kingdom
| | - Duygu Koca
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Lutz Schomburg
- Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Institute for Experimental Endocrinology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Sarah Hill
- LGC, Teddington, Middlesex, United Kingdom
| | | | | | | | - Sarah C Bath
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Biosciences and Medicine, University of Surrey, Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Alison J Yeates
- Nutrition Innovation Centre for Food and Health (NICHE), School of Biomedical Sciences, Ulster University, Coleraine, County Londonderry, United Kingdom
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Głąbska D, Malowaniec E, Guzek D. Validity and Reproducibility of the Iodine Dietary Intake Questionnaire Assessment Conducted for Young Polish Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:ijerph14070700. [PMID: 28661461 PMCID: PMC5551138 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14070700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyse a designed brief iodine dietary intake questionnaire based on a food frequency assessment (IOdine Dietary INtake Evaluation-Food Frequency Questionnaire—IODINE-FFQ), including the assessment of validity and reproducibility in a group of 90 Polish women aged 20–35 years. Participants collected 3-day dietary records and filled in the IODINE-FFQ twice (FFQ1—directly after the dietary record and FFQ2—6 weeks later). The analysis included an assessment of validity (comparison with the results of the 3-day dietary record) and of reproducibility (comparison of the results obtained twice—FFQ1 and FFQ2). In the analysis of validity, a Bland-Altman index of 5.5% and 4.4% was recorded, respectively for FFQ1 and FFQ2. In the analysis of reproducibility it was 6.7%, but the share of individuals correctly classified into tertiles was over 70% (weighted κ of 0.675). It was stated, that assessment of IODINE-FFQ revealed a satisfactory level of validity and reproducibility in the analysis of Bland-Alman plot. The IODINE-FFQ may be indicated as a tool for the assessment of iodine intake in the young women in Poland, however further studies should be considered in order to obtain the practical tool for public health specialists. Due to the lack of validated iodine-specific food frequency questionnaires for countries of Eastern Europe, the IODINE-FFQ may be adjusted for courtiers other than Poland including iodine-fortified products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Głąbska
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Ewa Malowaniec
- Department of Dietetics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Dominika Guzek
- Department of Organization and Consumption Economics, Faculty of Human Nutrition and Consumer Sciences, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS-SGGW), 02-787 Warsaw, Poland.
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