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McKay CD, Gubhaju L, Gibberd AJ, McNamara BJ, Macniven R, Joshy G, Roseby R, Williams R, Yashadhana A, Fields T, Porykali B, Azzopardi P, Banks E, Eades SJ. Health behaviours associated with healthy body composition among Aboriginal adolescents in Australia in the 'Next Generation: Youth Well-being study'. Prev Med 2023; 175:107715. [PMID: 37775084 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
This study described the distribution of healthy body composition among Aboriginal adolescents in Australia aged 10-24 years and examined associations with health behaviours and self-rated health. Data were cross-sectional from the 'Next Generation: Youth Well-being study' baseline (N = 1294). We used robust Poisson regression to quantify associations of self-reported health behaviours (physical activity, screen time, sleep, consumption of vegetables, fruit, soft drinks and fast food, and tobacco smoking and alcohol) and self-rated health to healthy body mass index (BMI) and waist/height ratio (WHtR). Overall, 48% of participants had healthy BMI and 64% healthy WHtR, with healthy body composition more common among younger adolescents. Higher physical activity was associated with healthy body composition (5-7 days last week vs none; adjusted prevalence ratio (aPR) healthy BMI 1.31 [95% CI 1.05-1.64], and healthy WHtR 1.30 [1.10-1.54]), as was recommended sleep duration (vs not; aPR healthy BMI 1.56 [1.19-2.05], and healthy WHtR 1.37 [1.13-1.67]). There was a trend for higher proportion of healthy body composition with more frequent fast food consumption. Healthy body composition was also associated with higher self-rated health ('very good/excellent' vs 'poor/fair'; aPR healthy BMI 1.87 [1.45-2.42], and healthy WHtR 1.71 [1.40-2.10]). Culturally appropriate community health interventions with a focus on physical activity and sleep may hold promise for improving body composition among Aboriginal adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher D McKay
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Lina Gubhaju
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Alison J Gibberd
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Bridgette J McNamara
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Rona Macniven
- School of Population Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Grace Joshy
- Centre for Public Health Data and Policy, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Robert Roseby
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Robyn Williams
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Aryati Yashadhana
- School of Population Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Primary Health Care & Equity, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ted Fields
- School of Population Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Primary Health Care & Equity, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bobby Porykali
- Guunu-maana (Heal) Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Health Program, The George Institute for Global Heath, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Azzopardi
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Emily Banks
- Centre for Public Health Data and Policy, National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, College of Health & Medicine, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Sandra J Eades
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Borges LPSL, de Santana NL, da Costa THM. Adherence to National Food Guide Recommendations: Can It Slow the Obesity Epidemic? A Systematic Review. Curr Nutr Rep 2020; 9:316-328. [PMID: 33145722 DOI: 10.1007/s13668-020-00339-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Dietary guidelines (DG) have the objective to promote healthy diet and prevent chronic diseases. In order to evaluate if this purpose is being achieved, we systematically reviewed studies that associated adherence to DG with obesity. RECENT FINDINGS We identified 2012 articles published in the last 5 years, and 38 remained in the final sample. The majority of studies demonstrated a negative association between adherence to DG and obesity. Studies with positive or no association presented mutual characteristics, such as populations composed only by children or adolescents, and dietary intake or dietary adherence assessed through non-validated or weak methods. Adherence to DG seems to be a protective factor for obesity in adults, but this relationship is not so clear for children and adolescents. To improve the quality of dietary intake results, studies must utilize appropriate methods to answer their questions with less biased estimate of dietary intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Teresa Helena Macedo da Costa
- Department of Nutrition, School of Health Science, University of Brasilia, Brasilia, 70919-970, Brazil.
- University of Oxford, Oxford, England.
- Human Nutrition Research, Medical Research Council, Cambridge, England.
- Sabbatical at Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Lycett K, Juonala M, Magnussen CG, Norrish D, Mensah FK, Liu R, Clifford SA, Carlin JB, Olds T, Saffery R, Kerr JA, Ranganathan S, Baur LA, Sabin MA, Cheung M, Dwyer T, Liu M, Burgner D, Wake M. Body Mass Index From Early to Late Childhood and Cardiometabolic Measurements at 11 to 12 Years. Pediatrics 2020; 146:peds.2019-3666. [PMID: 32632021 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2019-3666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine how overweight and obesity at specific ages and overall BMI growth patterns throughout childhood predict cardiometabolic phenotypes at 11 to 12 years. METHODS In a population-based sample of 5107 infants, BMI was measured every 2 years between ages 2 to 3 and 10 to 11 years. We identified 5 BMI trajectories using growth curve models. At ages 11 to 12 years, 1811 children completed assessments for metabolic syndrome risk scores, carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity, and carotid intima-media thickness. Multivariable regression models were used to estimate associations, adjusted for potential confounders (eg, age, sex, smoking exposure, and small for gestational age). RESULTS Overweight and obesity from early childhood onward were strongly associated with higher cardiometabolic risk at 11 to 12 years of age. At age 6 to 7 years, compared with those with a healthy weight, children with overweight had higher metabolic syndrome risk scores by 0.23 SD units (95% confidence interval 0.05 to 0.41) and with obesity by 0.76 SD units (0.51-1.01), with associations almost doubling by age 10 to 11 years. Obese (but not overweight) children had higher outcome pulse wave velocity (0.64-0.73 SD units) from ages 6 to 7 years and slightly higher outcome carotid intima-media thickness (0.20-0.30 SD units) at all ages. Cumulative exposure to high BMI from 2 to 3 years of age carried the greatest cardiometabolic risk, with a gradient of risk across trajectories. CONCLUSIONS High early-childhood BMI is already silently associated with the development of cardiometabolic risk by 11 to 12 years, highlighting the urgent need for effective action to reduce overweight and obesity in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Lycett
- Centre for Social & Early Emotional Development, Deakin University, Burwood, Victoria, Australia; .,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Markus Juonala
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Internal Medicine and.,Division of Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Costan G Magnussen
- Research School of Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.,Menzies Institute for Medical Research, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia.,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - David Norrish
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Research School of Computer Science, Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | - Fiona K Mensah
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard Liu
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Susan A Clifford
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - John B Carlin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tim Olds
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Alliance for Research in Exercise, Nutrition and Activity, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Richard Saffery
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jessica A Kerr
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sarath Ranganathan
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Louise A Baur
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Matthew A Sabin
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Cheung
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Terence Dwyer
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Nuffield Department of Women's & Reproductive Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Mengjiao Liu
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Burgner
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; and
| | - Melissa Wake
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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