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Rossi I, Mignogna C, Del Rio D, Mena P. Health effects of 100% fruit and vegetable juices: evidence from human subject intervention studies. Nutr Res Rev 2024; 37:194-238. [PMID: 37655747 DOI: 10.1017/s095442242300015x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The health effects of 100% fruit and vegetable juices (FVJ) represent a controversial topic. FVJ contain notable amounts of free sugars, but also vitamins, minerals, and secondary compounds with proven biological activities like (poly)phenols and carotenoids. The review aimed to shed light on the potential impact of 100% FVJ on human subject health, comprehensively assessing the role each type of juice may have in specific health outcomes for a particular target population, as reported in dietary interventions. The effects of a wide range of FVJ (orange, grapefruit, mandarin, lemon, apple, white, red, and Concord grapes, pomegranate, cranberry, chokeberry, blueberry, other minor berries, sweet and tart cherry, plum, tomato, carrot, beetroot, and watermelon, among others) were evaluated on a series of outcomes (anthropometric parameters, body composition, blood pressure and vascular function, lipid profile, glucose homeostasis, biomarkers of inflammation and oxidative stress, cognitive function, exercise performance, gut microbiota composition and bacterial infections), providing a thorough picture of the contribution of each FVJ to a health outcome. Some juices demonstrated their ability to exert potential preventive effects on some outcomes while others on other health outcomes, emphasising how the differential composition in bioactive compounds defines juice effects. Research gaps and future prospects were discussed. Although 100% FVJ appear to have beneficial effects on some cardiometabolic health outcomes, cognition and exercise performance, or neutral effects on anthropometric parameters and body composition, further efforts are needed to better understand the impact of 100% FVJ on human subject health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Rossi
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Cristiana Mignogna
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Daniele Del Rio
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
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Elsahoryi NA, Neville CE, Patterson CC, McKinley MC, Baldrick FR, Mulligan C, McCall DO, Noad RL, Rooney C, Wallace I, McEvoy CT, Hunter S, McCance DR, Edgar DJ, Elborn SJ, McKeown PP, Young IS, Moore RE, Nugent AP, Woodside JV. The effect of increased fruit and vegetable consumption on blood pressure and lipids: a pooled analysis of six randomised controlled fruit and vegetable intervention trials. Age Ageing 2024; 53:ii80-ii89. [PMID: 38748910 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afae043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Increasing fruit and vegetable (FV) consumption is associated with reduced cardiovascular disease risk in observational studies but with little evidence from randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The impact of concurrent pharmacological therapy is unknown. OBJECTIVE To pool data from six RCTs to examine the effect of increasing FV intake on blood pressure (BP) and lipid profile, also exploring whether effects differed by medication use. DESIGN Across trials, dietary intake was assessed by diet diaries or histories, lipids by routine biochemical methods and BP by automated monitors. Linear regression provided an estimate of the change in lipid profile or BP associated with a one portion increase in self-reported daily FV intake, with interaction terms fitted for medication use. RESULTS The pooled sample included a total of 554 participants (308 males and 246 females). Meta-analysis of regression coefficients revealed no significant change in either systolic or diastolic BP per portion FV increase, although there was significant heterogeneity across trials for systolic BP (I2 = 73%). Neither adjusting for change in body mass index, nor analysis according to use of anti-hypertensive medication altered the relationship. There was no significant change in lipid profile per portion FV increase, although there was a significant reduction in total cholesterol among those not on lipid-lowering therapy (P < 0.05 after Bonferroni correction). CONCLUSION Pooled analysis of six individual FV trials showed no impact of increasing intake on BP or lipids, but there was a total cholesterol-lowering effect in those not on lipid-lowering therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour A Elsahoryi
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Charlotte E Neville
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Chris C Patterson
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Michelle C McKinley
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Francina R Baldrick
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Ciara Mulligan
- Diabetes Department, Ulster Hospital, South Eastern Trust, Belfast, UK
| | | | - Rebecca L Noad
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Ciara Rooney
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Ian Wallace
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - Claire T McEvoy
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Steven Hunter
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | - David R McCance
- Regional Centre for Endocrinology, Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
| | | | - Stuart J Elborn
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Pascal P McKeown
- Belfast Health and Social Care Trust, Belfast BT12 6BA, UK
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK
| | - Ian S Young
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Rachel E Moore
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
| | - Anne P Nugent
- School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 5DL, UK
| | - Jayne V Woodside
- Centre for Public Health, School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT12 6BJ, UK
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Chen Y, Song Y, Hong X, Du J, Wang W, Zhou N. Untangling pathways of risk factors associated with hypertension among dysglycemia adults in eastern China: a structural equation model approach. Acta Diabetol 2024; 61:587-597. [PMID: 38321202 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-024-02236-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Using structural equation model (SEM) to test a conceptual model of pathways of developing hypertension among dysglycemia (IFG and T2DM) adults in Eastern China, emphasizing the unique mediation effect of insulin resistance and obesity on the relationship between modified/unmodified factors and hypertension. METHODS AND RESULTS Participants with dysglycemia (n = 10,401) were extracted from the survey of Chronic Disease and Risk Factor Surveillance in Nanjing, the capital of Jiangsu Province in China. Dietary patterns were identified by using principal component analysis (PCA). SEM was employed to evaluate multiple pathways of hypertension among participants with IFG and T2DM. Three dietary patterns were derived using PCA. The tuber animal food pattern (OR = 0.825, 95% CI 0.723-0.940) and the balanced food pattern (OR = 0.812, 95% CI 0.715-0.922) were negatively associated with hypertension, while the Chinese rural food pattern (OR = 1.163, 95% CI 1.019-1.328) was positively associated with hypertension. The best SEM model showed that BMI (0.140), smoking (0.048) and Chinese rural food pattern (0.022) positively associated with hypertension; while tuber animal food pattern (- 0.025) had a negative direct effect on hypertension. Notably, insulin resistance could mediate the link between lifestyles (smoking and dietary patterns) and hypertension. CONCLUSION Accordingly, we emphasized the importance of lifestyle intervention, mainly including obesity management, choosing healthy diets and decreasing smoking control, which may profoundly benefit this high-risk group among Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yichao Chen
- Department of Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2 Zi'ZhuLin, Nanjing, 210003, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yingqian Song
- Department of Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2 Zi'ZhuLin, Nanjing, 210003, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xin Hong
- Department of Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2 Zi'ZhuLin, Nanjing, 210003, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinling Du
- Department of Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2 Zi'ZhuLin, Nanjing, 210003, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weiwei Wang
- Department of Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2 Zi'ZhuLin, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Noncommunicable Disease Prevention, Nanjing Medical University Affiliated Nanjing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, No. 2 Zi'ZhuLin, Nanjing, 210003, China.
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Yuan X, Tajima R, Matsumoto M, Fujiwara A, Aoyama T, Okada C, Okada E, Takimoto H. Analysing food groups and nutrient intake in adults who met and did not meet the daily recommended vegetable intake of 350 g: the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey in Japan. J Nutr Sci 2024; 13:e12. [PMID: 38572364 PMCID: PMC10988146 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2024.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to compare the differences in the intake of food groups and nutrients between Japanese adults who consumed the recommended daily vegetable intake (350 g/day) and those who did not. Dietary information was obtained from one-day dietary records collected from the 2016 National Health and Nutrition Survey, which was conducted in 46 prefectures in Japan. The participants aged ≥20 years (n = 21,606; 53.8% women) were classified into the < and ≥350 g/day groups. Inter-group differences for 17 food groups and 27 nutrients were assessed as percentages of consumers (food groups only) and energy-adjusted intake (units/MJ/d or % of total energy intake). Overall, 29% of participants consumed ≥350 g/day of vegetables. The ≥350 g/day group had a higher percentage of consumers and energy-adjusted intakes for all vegetable subgroups than the <350 g/day group. For other food groups, the ≥350 g/day group had higher percentages of consumers for all food groups, except for cereals, eggs, and condiments and seasonings, which showed no significant differences. However, the ≥350 g/day group had a significantly higher energy-adjusted intake for potatoes and other tubers, mushrooms, meats, and condiments and seasonings but a significantly lower value for cereals, eggs, savoury snacks and confectionaries, and beverages. The ≥350 g/day group had a significantly higher intake of almost all (25/27) nutrients, including sodium, than the <350 g/day group. Participants with vegetable intake ≥350 g/day might have a more favourable intake of food groups and nutrients; however, watching for salt intake is necessary when promoting vegetable intake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyi Yuan
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoko Tajima
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Mai Matsumoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Aya Fujiwara
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
- Division of Food Safety Information, National Institute of Health Sciences, Kawasaki City, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tomoko Aoyama
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Chika Okada
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Emiko Okada
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidemi Takimoto
- Department of Nutritional Epidemiology and Shokuiku, National Institutes of Biomedical Innovation, Health, and Nutrition, Osaka, Japan
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Charles JA, Habibullah NK, Bautista S, Davis B, Joshi S, Hull SC. Planting the Seed for Blood Pressure Control: The Role of Plant-Based Nutrition in the Management of Hypertension. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024; 26:121-134. [PMID: 38526748 PMCID: PMC10990999 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-023-02008-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Hypertension results in significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditures. Fortunately, it is largely preventable and treatable by implementing dietary interventions, though these remain underutilized. Here, we aim to explore the role of healthy dietary patterns in hypertension management and describe approaches for busy clinicians to address nutrition effectively and efficiently with patients. RECENT FINDINGS DASH, Mediterranean, vegetarian, and vegan diets that include minimally processed, plant-based foods as core elements have consistently shown positive effects on hypertension. Recommendations that distill the most healthful components of these diets can significantly impact patient outcomes. Clinicians can harness evidence-based dietary assessment and counseling tools to implement and support behavioral changes, even during brief office visits. Healthful plant-based dietary patterns can often effectively prevent and treat hypertension. Clinicians may help improve patient outcomes by discussing evidence-based nutrition with their patients. Future work to promote infrastructural change that supports incorporating evidence-based nutrition into medical education, clinical care, and society at large can support these efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin A Charles
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, UC San Diego Health, San Diego, CA, USA.
| | | | - Saul Bautista
- Ethos Farm to Health/Ethos Primary Care, Long Valley, NJ, USA
| | - Brenda Davis
- Brenda Davis, Nutrition Consultations, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shivam Joshi
- Department of Veterans Affairs, Orlando, FL, USA
- Department of Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sarah C Hull
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Program for Biomedical Ethics, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Wan S, Pan D, Su M, Wang S, Wang Y, Xu D, Sun J, Xie W, Wang X, Yan Q, Xia H, Yang C, Sun G. Association between socio-demographic factors, lifestyle, eating habits and hypertension risk among middle-aged and older rural Chinese adults. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2024; 34:726-737. [PMID: 38161126 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2023.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Hypertension is a global health issue with increasing prevalence. This study aimed to understand the epidemiological characteristics and influencing factors of hypertension in rural Chinese populations and help develop effective prevention and control strategies. METHODS AND RESULTS This cross-sectional study used database from the Early Diagnosis and Early Treatment Project of Esophageal Cancer conducted in a rural population from September 2012 to December 2017. A total of 10,111 subjects aged 35-75 years residing in Huai'an District, Huai'an City, Jiangsu Province for at least three years were included. Unconditional univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were performed to evaluate the association between socio-demographic information, lifestyle habits, dietary characteristics and the risk of hypertension. The prevalence of hypertension was 34.32 % in this rural population. Men and older individuals are more likely to have hypertension when compared with women and young individuals, respectively. Factors associated with an increased risk of hypertension included: fast eating speed, a high-salt diet (both currently and ten years ago), a high-spicy diet ten years ago, high BMI, poor educational attainment, preference for fatty meats, hot diet, green tea drinking, intake of pickled potherb mustard and corn flour, family smoking and alcohol consumption. Light smoking in males, consumption of fruits, adzuki bean, and pork liver were associated with reduced risk of hypertension. CONCLUSIONS The study identified some factors, including eat habits and lifestyle, associated with hypertension risk, and highlighted the need for targeted policies and interventions in rural China to address potential risk factors for hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyun Wan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Da Pan
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, PR China.
| | - Ming Su
- Huai'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 223200, Huai'an, PR China
| | - Shaokang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, PR China; School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, 712082, Xianyang, PR China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Dengfeng Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Jihan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Wei Xie
- Jiangsu Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, PR China
| | - Xin Wang
- Huai'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 223200, Huai'an, PR China
| | - Qingyang Yan
- Huai'an District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 223200, Huai'an, PR China
| | - Hui Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, PR China
| | - Chao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, PR China; Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, PR China
| | - Guiju Sun
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Medicine and Engineering of Ministry of Education, and Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Southeast University, 210009, Nanjing, PR China.
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Nakamura K, Suzuki Y, Goto K, Yamaguchi S, Hiramitsu M. Antihypertensive and Vasorelaxant Effects of Citric Acid and Lemon Juice in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats: In Vivo and Ex Vivo Studies. Nutrients 2023; 15:3849. [PMID: 37686881 PMCID: PMC10489964 DOI: 10.3390/nu15173849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypertension is a key risk factor for heart, brain, and kidney disease development. Fruit consumption has been associated with a decrease in blood pressure. Lemon juice, which contains antihypertensive compounds, may exert antihypertensive effects. However, no research has verified the antihypertensive effects of citric acid, the most abundant ingredient in lemon juice. In the present study, we demonstrated the antihypertensive effects of citric acid and lemon juice by performing single oral administration tests and the aortic ring assay using spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Single oral doses of both agents markedly reduced the systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the SHRs. In addition, both these agents relaxed the thoracic aorta from the SHRs; however, these effects were notably attenuated by the removal of the aortic endothelium. Orally administered citric acid was rapidly absorbed and metabolized in vivo. Among the functional compounds in lemon juice, citric acid was identified as the primary antihypertensive component. Although more detailed studies are required to validate our findings, the novel functional attributes of citric acid can achieve the normalization of blood pressure when it is consumed via diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Nakamura
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.G.)
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan;
- Institute of Agriculture, Academic Assembly, Shinshu University, 8304, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan
| | - Yumiko Suzuki
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.G.)
| | - Kazuma Goto
- Department of Science and Technology, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, 8304, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan; (Y.S.); (K.G.)
| | - Shohei Yamaguchi
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, 8304, Minamiminowa, Nagano 399-4598, Japan;
| | - Masanori Hiramitsu
- Pokka Sapporo Food and Beverage Ltd., 10, Okatome, Yaizu, Shizuoka 425-0013, Japan;
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Level of Fruit and Vegetable Intake and Its Relationship with Risk for Malnutrition in China’s Adult Labor Force: China Nutrition and Health Surveillance, 2015–2017. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061431. [PMID: 36986161 PMCID: PMC10053820 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to analyze the fruit and vegetable intake status and examine both potential risk and protective action factors in the Chinese labor force population, while investigating the association between fruit and vegetable intake and malnutrition in this population. Data were derived from a population-based cross-sectional survey, the China Nutrition and Health Surveillance, 2015–2017. Sociodemographic information, physical measurements, and dietary intake data were collected. A total of 45,459 survey respondents aged 18–64 years old were included in the analysis. Fruit and vegetable consumption data were assessed by a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), and the average daily intake was calculated. In 2015, the daily intake of fresh fruits, fresh vegetables, and combined fruits and vegetables among the Chinese labor force was 64.3 g, 210.0 g, and 330.0 g (median), respectively. Compared with the Dietary Guidelines for Chinese Residents (2022), 79.9% and 53.0% were at risk of inadequate fruit and vegetable intake, while 55.2% were at risk of inadequate intake of combined fruits and vegetables compared with the WHO recommendation. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that female gender, higher educational level, and higher income were protective factors for adequate fruit intake, while increasing age and living in the southern region were protective factors for adequate vegetable intake. The results confirmed that increasing vegetable intake helped urban labor force maintain normal BMI and control overweight. Increased fruit consumption may reduce the risk of underweight, but no clear negative association with overweight and obesity was observed. In conclusion, the consumption of fresh fruits and vegetables by the Chinese labor force was inadequate, especially for fruits. Interventions are needed to promote the daily intake of fruits and vegetables in this population. In addition, further in-depth studies in this area are recommended in populations with different health status.
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Chen M, Xu Y, Wang X, Shan S, Cheng G. Association between the prudent dietary pattern and blood pressure in Chinese adults is partially mediated by body composition. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1131126. [PMID: 37032775 PMCID: PMC10076787 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1131126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2023] Open
Abstract
High blood pressure or hypertension is one of the major risks of cardiovascular disease, which is the leading cause of death in China. This study aimed to assess the relationship between dietary patterns and blood pressure among Chinese adults. Using factor analysis of 66-item food frequency questionnaire to identify dietary patterns. Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured according to standardized guidelines. Multivariate linear regressions were performed in 6849 Chinese adults (46.5% female) aged 21-70 years considering sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle behaviors, and anthropometry data. The vegetable-rich pattern, animal-food pattern, and prudent dietary pattern were identified. After adjustment for potential confounders including age, gender, alcohol consumption, smoking status, energy intake, and physical activity, only prudent dietary pattern was negatively related to SBP (β = -2.30, p for trend =0.0003) and DBP (β = -1.44, p for trend =0.0006). Body mass index, waist circumstance and body fat percentage explained, respectively, 42.5%/47.8, 14.8%/17.6 and 26.0%/29.1% of the association between prudent pattern and SBP/DBP in mediation analysis. There were no association were observed between other dietary patterns and blood pressure. In conclusion, Prudent dietary pattern was associated with lower SBP and DBP among Southwest Chinese and this association was partially explained by body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengxue Chen
- West China School of Public Health and West China Fourth Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yujie Xu
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Wang
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Shufang Shan
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guo Cheng
- Laboratory of Molecular Translational Medicine, Center for Translational Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children (Sichuan University), Ministry of Education, Department of Pediatrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Guo Cheng,
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Vendrame S, Adekeye TE, Klimis-Zacas D. The Role of Berry Consumption on Blood Pressure Regulation and Hypertension: An Overview of the Clinical Evidence. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14132701. [PMID: 35807881 PMCID: PMC9268395 DOI: 10.3390/nu14132701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The existence of a relationship between the consumption of dietary berries and blood pressure reduction in humans has been repeatedly hypothesized and documented by an increasing body of epidemiological and clinical evidence that has accumulated in recent years. However, results are mixed and complicated by a number of potentially confounding factors. The objective of this article is to review and summarize the available clinical evidence examining the effects of berry consumption on blood pressure regulation as well as the prevention or treatment of hypertension in humans, providing an overview of the potential contribution of distinctive berry polyphenols (anthocyanins, condensed tannins and ellagic acid), and results of dietary interventions with blueberries, bilberries, cranberries, raspberries, strawberries, chokeberries, cherries, blackcurrants and açai berries. We conclude that, while there is insufficient evidence supporting the existence of a direct blood pressure lowering effect, there is stronger evidence for specific types of berries acting indirectly to normalize blood pressure in subjects that are already hypertensive.
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Ström E, Östgren CJ, Nystrom FH, Wijkman MO. Associations between fruit consumption and home blood pressure in a randomly selected sample of the general Swedish population. J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich) 2022; 24:723-730. [PMID: 35499960 PMCID: PMC9180314 DOI: 10.1111/jch.14491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Frequent fruit consumption has been associated with lower office blood pressure. Less is known about associations between fruit consumption and home blood pressure. Our aim was to study the correlation between consumption of specific fruits and home blood pressure in a large randomly selected study population. The main outcome was systolic home blood pressure. Home blood pressure measurements were performed with calibrated oscillometric meters during seven consecutive days. Means for all available measurements were used. Validated food frequency questionnaires were used for estimating frequency of fruit consumption. The specified fruits were bananas, apples/pears and oranges/citrus fruit. Complete case analysis regarding fruit consumption, office‐ and home blood pressure measurements and other relevant variables was performed in 2283 study participants out of 2603 available. Multivariable linear regression analysis was performed. There were statistically significant associations between consumption of all fruit types and lower systolic home blood pressure unadjusted (p for trend; bananas, apples/pears and oranges/citrus fruit p < .001). The numerical differences between most and least frequent consumption of fruit were for bananas ‐2.7 mm Hg, apples/pears ‐3.9 mm Hg and for oranges/citrus fruit ‐3.4 mm Hg. When adjusted for covariates, both consumption of apples/pears and oranges/citrus fruit had an independent statistically significant association with lower blood pressure (p = .048 resp. p = .009). Future controlled interventional studies are needed to evaluate the effect of specific fruit on home blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edvin Ström
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Carl Johan Östgren
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Fredrik H Nystrom
- Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Magnus O Wijkman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Department of Health, Medicine and Caring Sciences, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
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Li X, Zhang W, Laden F, Curhan GC, Rimm EB, Guo X, Hart JE, Wu S. Dietary nitrate intake and vegetable consumption, ambient particulate matter, and risk of hypertension in the Nurses' Health study. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2022; 161:107100. [PMID: 35066305 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2022.107100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies have suggested that dietary nitrate could lower blood pressure levels whereas ambient particulate matter (PM) may increase risk of hypertension. However, it is unknown if these exposures may modify each other. OBJECTIVES We collected information on dietary nitrate intake and vegetables consumption and estimated long-term exposures to ambient PM for women in the Nurses' Health Study. METHODS Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) for risk of hypertension were calculated using Cox proportional hazards models with adjustment for potential demographic, lifestyle and dietary confounders. Interactions were assessed with multiplicative interaction terms and stratified models. RESULTS Increases in dietary nitrate intake (per 150 mg/d) and green leafy vegetables consumption (per serving/day) were both significantly associated with decreases in hypertension risk (both multivariable-adjusted HRs were 0.97, 95% CI: 0.94, 0.99). Long-term exposure to ambient PM with an aerodynamic diameter ≤ 2.5 µm (PM2.5) was associated with an increased risk of hypertension, with a multivariable-adjusted HR of hypertension of 1.06 (95% CI: 1.02, 1.11) per 10 µg/m3 increase in PM2.5. Ambient PM2.5 significantly modified the associations of dietary nitrate intake (Pinteraction = 0.02) and green leafy vegetables consumption (Pinteraction = 0.004). The associations with dietary factors were gradually weakened with increasing PM2.5: the fully-adjusted HRs for risk of hypertension were 0.94 (95% CI: 0.89, 0.99) and 0.94 (95% CI: 0.90, 0.99) for per 150 mg/d increase in nitrate intake and per serving/d increase in green leafy vegetables consumption, respectively, in the lowest PM2.5 quartile, and 1.00 (95% CI: 0.94, 1.06) and 1.02 (95% CI: 0.97, 1.08), respectively, in the highest PM2.5 quartile. CONCLUSION Our research highlights a potentially protective effect of dietary nitrate intake in the prevention of hypertension and suggests that these benefits are attenuated by increasing exposure to ambient PM2.5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianggui Li
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China
| | - Francine Laden
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gary C Curhan
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Division of Renal (Kidney) Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric B Rimm
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Xinbiao Guo
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Jaime E Hart
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Exposure, Epidemiology and Risk Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shaowei Wu
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory for Disease Prevention and Control and Health Promotion of Shaanxi Province, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China; Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases in Ministry of Health, Xi'an, Shaanxi, China.
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Adegbola A, Behrendt CA, Zyriax BC, Windler E, Kreutzburg T. The impact of nutrition on the development and progression of peripheral artery disease: A systematic review. Clin Nutr 2021; 41:49-70. [PMID: 34864455 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 10/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS This systematic review sought to identify and summarize existing evidence for the impact of nutrition on the development, progression, and outcomes of peripheral artery disease (PAD). METHODS We performed a systematic literature search of available studies published between January 1974 and December 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCT), observational studies, and cross-sectional studies reporting either the primary or secondary prevention of PAD with nutritional intake were included. The quality assessment was performed for the RCTs, without pooling a meta-risk estimate. RESULTS Among a total of 8502 records screened, 186 full texts were assessed for eligibility, and 82 studies (30% RCT) were analyzed. The nutrients were structured in fruits, vegetables and antioxidants, fats and oils, dietary fiber, meat, proteins, vitamins and trace elements, and diets and lifestyle. The findings of the current systematic review indicate that the Mediterranean diet, nuts, and polyunsaturated fat are associated with a lower incidence of PAD and saturated fat, cholesterol, and processed meat were associated with higher rates of cardiovascular events in patients suffering from PAD. CONCLUSIONS The current review found evidence of a beneficial impact of the Mediterranean diet including nuts in this target population. More RCTs and high-quality registries are needed that focus on nutritional habits among patients with PAD to design appropriate preventive programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abiodun Adegbola
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Research Group GermanVasc, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Christian-Alexander Behrendt
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Research Group GermanVasc, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Birgit-Christiane Zyriax
- University Professorship for Midwifery Science - Health Care Research and Prevention, IVDP, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany.
| | - Eberhard Windler
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Thea Kreutzburg
- Department of Vascular Medicine, Research Group GermanVasc, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
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