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Wang Y, Tian X, Song Q, Wang W, Guo X, Cui T, Pan Z, Chen Y, Chen W, Tan L, Zhang W. Application and Comparison of Different Regression Models in Iodine Balance Experiment on Women of Childbearing Age and Pregnant Women. Biol Trace Elem Res 2024; 202:2474-2487. [PMID: 37807000 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-023-03867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/10/2023]
Abstract
The iodine balance experiment is a traditional approach to evaluate the physiological requirement for iodine, while the simple linear regression model (SLM) and the mixed effects model (MEM) are two primary methods used to analyze iodine balance experiments. In the present study, we aimed to compare the effects of these two regression models on the evaluation of iodine balance experiments to investigate appropriate valuation methods. By constructing SLM and MEM, zero iodine balance values (IBV) were determined, and the evaluation effects were compared. No changes were made to the experimental data for women of childbearing age, and cutoff values of 600 µg/day and 1000 µg/day, respectively, were chosen for further processing of the experimental data for pregnant women. Equation combinations 1-3 (EC1-3) were obtained by fitting SLM, and zero IBV were calculated as 110.26 µg/day, 333.06 µg/day, and 434.84 µg/day, respectively. EC4-6 were obtained by fitting MEM, and zero IBV were calculated as 110.44 µg/day, 335.79 µg/day, and 418.06 µg/day, respectively. The inclusion of inter-measurement variation as a random factor in the MEM yielded EC7-8, which reduced the test power of the iodine balance experiment on women of childbearing age. Our study suggested that when experimental conditions were tightly controlled, with fewer uncertainties or significant influences, computationally straightforward and well-understood SLM was preferred. If some uncertain factors might cause large changes in the experimental results, it was advised to use a more "conservative" MEM to calculate the zero IBV. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: Registered at Clinicaltrials.gov, NCT03279315 (17th September 2017, retrospectively registered), NCT03710148 (18th October 2018, retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Tian
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Third Central Hospital Nutrition Department, Tianjin, China
| | - Qiuyi Song
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenqiang Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Nankai District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin, China
| | - Tingkai Cui
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyun Pan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Yongjie Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
| | - Long Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China.
| | - Wanqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, China
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Li S, Wang C, Cheng Y, Li J, Zhang H, Jin Q, Meng Q, Wu W, Wang T, Liu D, Meng X, Guo W, Zhang W. Iodine Metabolism in Urine and Breast Milk among Lactating Women with Adequate Iodine. J Nutr 2024:S0022-3166(24)00271-2. [PMID: 38718924 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2024.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2023] [Revised: 03/24/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In lactating women, iodine metabolism is regulated and maintained by the kidneys and mammary glands. Limited research exists on how iodine absorbed by lactating women is distributed between the kidneys and breasts. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to accurately evaluate the total iodine intake (TII), urinary iodine excretion (UIE), and breast milk iodine excretion (BMIE) in lactating women and explore the relationship between TII and total iodine excretion (TIE). METHODS A 7-d iodine metabolism study was conducted on 41 lactating women with a mean age of 30 y in Yuncheng and Gaoqing, China, from December 2021 to August 2023. TII and TIE were calculated by measuring the iodine content in food, water, 24-h urine, feces, and breast milk. The urinary iodine excretion rate (UIER), breast milk iodine excretion rate (BMIER), and partitioning of iodine excretion between urine and breast milk were determined. RESULTS Iodine metabolism studies were performed for 285 d. The median TII and TIE values were 255 and 263 μg/d, respectively. With an increase in TII, UIER, and BMIER, the UIE and BMIE to TII ratio exhibited a downward trend. The median UIER, BMIER, and proportion of iodine excreted in urine and breast milk were 51.5%, 38.5%, 52%, and 37%, respectively. When the TII was <120 μg/d, the BMIER decreased with the increase of the TII (β: -0.90; 95% confidence interval: -1.08, -0.72). CONCLUSIONS When maternal iodine intake is low, the proportion in breast milk increases, ensuring sufficient iodine nutrition for infants. In addition, the UIE of lactating women with adequate iodine concentrations is higher than their BMIE. This study was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT04492657.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Chunxi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuangui Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, Gaoqing County People's Hospital, Gaoqing, China
| | - Junjing Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hexi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Jin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Qi Meng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ting Wang
- Department of Obstetrics, Yuncheng County People's Hospital, Yuncheng, China
| | - Denghai Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yuncheng County People's Hospital, Yuncheng, China
| | - Xianglu Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Yuncheng County People's Hospital, Yuncheng, China
| | - Wenxing Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
| | - Wanqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China
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Liu X, Wang J, Li Y, Tan H, Li X, Mao D, Liu Y, Li W, Yu W, Lu J, Yan J, Piao J, Yang L, Guo C, Liu X, Yang X. Re-exploration of dietary iodine intake in Chinese adult males using a modified iodine balance study. Br J Nutr 2023; 130:1308-1315. [PMID: 36876640 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114523000569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
There is still controversy about optimal dietary iodine intake as the Universal Salt Iodization policy enforcement in China. A modified iodine balance study was thus conducted to explore the suitable iodine intake in Chinese adult males using the iodine overflow hypothesis. In this study, thirty-eight apparently healthy males (19·1 (sd 0·6) years) were recruited and provided with designed diets. After the 14-d iodine depletion, daily iodine intake gradually increased in the 30-d iodine supplementation, consisting of six stages and each of 5 d. All foods and excreta (urine, faeces) were collected to examine daily iodine intake, iodine excretion and the changes of iodine increment in relation to those values at stage 1. The dose-response associations of iodine intake increment with excretion increment were fitted by the mixed effects models, as well as with retention increment. Daily iodine intake and excretion were 16·3 and 54·3 μg/d at stage 1, and iodine intake increment increased from 11·2 μg/d at stage 2 to 118·0 μg/d at stage 6, while excretion increment elevated from 21·5 to 95·0 μg/d. A zero iodine balance was dynamically achieved as 48·0 μg/d of iodine intake. The estimated average requirement and recommended nutrient intake were severally 48·0 and 67·2 μg/d, which could be corresponded to a daily iodine intake of 0·74 and 1·04 μg/kg per d. The results of our study indicate that roughly half of current iodine intakes recommendation could be enough in Chinese adult males, which would be beneficial for the revision of dietary reference intakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobing Liu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing100050, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shenzhen Polytechnic, School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen, Guangdong518055, People's Republic of China
| | - Yajie Li
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi046000, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Tan
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwei Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Reference Laboratory for Iodine Deficiency Disorders, Beijing100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Deqian Mao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Lu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Junan Yan
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianhua Piao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Lichen Yang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongzheng Guo
- Changzhi Medical College, Changzhi, Shanxi046000, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong518020, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Beijing100050, People's Republic of China
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, Shenzhen, Guangdong518020, People's Republic of China
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Guo W, Yang Y, Jiang W, Cheng Y, Wu W, Pan Z, Zhang D, Li S, Ren Z, Zhang N, Zhang K, Pearce EN, Chen W, Zhang W. An Iodine Balance Study in Chinese School-age Children. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2023; 108:e949-e955. [PMID: 37146180 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgad244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 04/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Few iodine balance studies have been conducted in school-age children. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to conduct an iodine balance study in school-age children. METHODS We measured daily iodine intake, excretion, and retention for 3 consecutive days without any dietary interventions in school-age children. Linear mixed-effects models were used to fit the relationship between total iodine intake and iodine retention. RESULTS 29 children aged 7-12 years (mean age 10.2 ± 1.4 years) with normal thyroid function and thyroid volume were recruited. The 0 balance value (iodine intake = iodine excretion, iodine retention = 0 μg/day) shifted with iodine intake in an iodine sufficient population. The 0 balance value for school-age children with an iodine intake of 235 (133, 401) μg/day is 164 μg/day. Children aged 7-12 years with iodine intake >400 μg/day were almost all in a positive iodine state. CONCLUSION An iodine intake of 235 (133, 401) μg/day for children aged 7-10 years achieved a 0 balance value of 164 μg/day. Long-term iodine intake of >400 μg/day is not recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxing Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ying Yang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Iodine Deficiency Disorders, Shandong Provincial Institute for Endemic Disease Control, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Yuangui Cheng
- Department of General Surgery, People's Hospital of Gaoqing County, Zibo, Shandong Province 256399, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Ziyun Pan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Dingyan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Shaohan Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ren
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Naifan Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Kexin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Elizabeth N Pearce
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Wanqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin 300052, China
- The Key Laboratory of Hormone and Development (Ministry of Health), Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
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Chen W, Wang W, Gao M, Chen Y, Guo W, Dong S, Sun H, Pan Z, Pearce EN, Tan L, Shen J, Zhang W. Iodine Intakes of <150 μg/day or >550 μg/day are Not Recommended during Pregnancy: A Balance Study. J Nutr 2023; 153:2041-2050. [PMID: 37100687 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjnut.2022.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adequate iodine intake during pregnancy is critical for maintaining maternal and fetal thyroid function and development. There are only limited data from iodine-balance studies to inform iodine requirements during pregnancy. OBJECTIVES This is an iodine-balance study conducted to explore the associations among iodine intake, excretion, and retention to provide information regarding iodine requirements during pregnancy. METHODS A 7-d iodine-balance experiment enrolled 93 healthy pregnant Chinese women from Hebei, Tanjin, and Shandong. Duplicates of all foods and beverages consumed were systematically collected and measured for iodine content. Iodine excretion was measured by collecting 24-h urine and feces samples. Simple linear regression models were used to assess relationships between total iodine intake and iodine retention, whereas mixed effect models were used to assess the relationship between daily iodine intake and iodine retention. RESULTS The mean ± SD age of participating pregnant women was 29 ± 2 y at a median 22 (IQR: 13-30) wk of gestation. The mean 7-d iodine retention was 43.0 ± 1060 μg/7 d. A negative iodine balance was present in 56% of women whereas 44% had a positive balance. Pregnant women with iodine intakes <150 μg/d were in negative balance whereas those with intakes >550 μg/d were in positive balance. The daily iodine intake at zero balance was 343 μg/d, which was higher in women from Shandong (492 μg/d) than in those from Hebei and Tianjin (202 μg/d). CONCLUSIONS Iodine intake at zero balance determined in pregnant women with adequate iodine nutrition is 202 μg/d, and the calculated recommended nutrient intake (RNI) is 280 μg/d. Iodine intakes of <150 μg/d and >550 μg/d are not recommended during pregnancy. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03710148.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Health care and Prevention, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; The Department of Health Services and Management, School of Management, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Min Gao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yanting Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wenxing Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuyao Dong
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hao Sun
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Ziyun Pan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Elizabeth N Pearce
- Section of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Nutrition, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Long Tan
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Shen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Wanqi Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China; Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Center for International Collaborative Research on Environment, Nutrition and Public Health, Tianjin, China; Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Health care and Prevention, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China.
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Li Y, Wang J, Liu X, Li W, Mao D, Lu J, Li X, Tan H, Liu Y, Yan J, Yu W, Guo C, Liu X, Yang X. Re-exploring the requirement of dietary iodine intake in Chinese female adults based on 'iodine overflow theory'. Eur J Nutr 2023; 62:1467-1478. [PMID: 36651989 PMCID: PMC10030447 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-022-03065-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We re-explored the basal iodine requirement based on healthy Chinese female and a new iodine overflow theory was proposed for iodine balance study. METHODS Thirty-six Chinese healthy female adults (age 20.7 ± 1.1) were recruited for this study, which included 40 days low iodine depletion period and six stages of 30 days supplementation period. Uniform diets with low iodine were provided and the content of iodine in the diet was regulated by dairy products. The total iodine intake from food and the total iodine excretion through 24-h urine and staged feces were completely gathered and monitored. The incremental (Δ) intake and excretion over the range were calculated. RESULTS The iodine intake and excretion were 13.6 μg/day and 48.6 μg/day at the first stage, respectively. The incremental iodine intakes and excretions were 21.1 μg/day to 120.3 μg/day and 25.8 μg/day to 105.4 μg/day for the supplementation stages, respectively. According to the 'iodine overflow theory', the zero iodine balance (Δ iodine intake = Δ iodine excretion) derived from a mixed effect model indicated a mean iodine intake of 52.2 μg/d (1.0 μg/d kg). The RNI for iodine to healthy Chinese female adult was 73.1 μg/d (1.4 μg/d kg). CONCLUSION A daily iodine intake of 52.2 μg/d may meet the basal iodine requirement for healthy Chinese female adults, and Chinese female may need more than 20% iodine intake than male based on the 'iodine overflow theory'. The trial was registered at the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry in May 2018 (No: ChiCTR1800016184).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajie Li
- Changzhi Medical College, No. 360, Jiefang East Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wang
- School of Food and Drug, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaobing Liu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, No. 29, Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Weidong Li
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, No. 29, Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Deqian Mao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, No. 29, Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiaxi Lu
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, No. 29, Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuwei Li
- National Reference Laboratory for iodine deficiency disorders, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongxing Tan
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No. 2021, Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanyan Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No. 2021, Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Junan Yan
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No. 2021, Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Yu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No. 2021, Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Chongzheng Guo
- Changzhi Medical College, No. 360, Jiefang East Street, Changzhi, 046000, Shanxi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Liu
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No. 2021, Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoguang Yang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute of Nutrition and Health, Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition of National Health Commission, No. 29, Nanwei Road, Beijing, 100050, People's Republic of China.
- Shenzhen Center for Chronic Disease Control, No. 2021, Buxin Road, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang L, Fan L, Li F, Sun Q, Chen Y, He Y, Shen H, Liu L. Study on the Effect of Different Iodine Intake on Hippocampal Metabolism in Offspring Rats. Biol Trace Elem Res 2022; 200:4385-4394. [PMID: 34855145 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-021-03032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Iodine is an essential trace element in the human body. Severe maternal iodine deficiency during pregnancy leads to obvious intellectual disability in the offspring. The effects of iodine deficiency on brain development have been demonstrated, but there is no clear evidence of the effects of iodine excess on brain development. To clarify the effects of iodine excess on the brain development of offspring and to provide clues to the mechanisms underlying the effects of iodine deficiency and iodine excess on the brain development of offspring. In this study, animal models with different iodine intakes were constructed using potassium iodate (KIO3). The models included four experimental groups (low-iodine group one (LI, 0μg/L iodine), low-iodine group two (LII, 5μg/L iodine), high-iodine group one (HI, 3000μg/L iodine), and high-iodine group two (HII, 10000μg/L iodine)) and one control group (NI, 100μg/L iodine). There were 20 female rats in each group, and 8 offspring were chosen from each group following birth to assess metabolic alterations. The metabolites of subsets of brain hippocampal tissue were profiled by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-linked electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOFMS) and the results were subjected to multivariate data analysis. Differential substances were screened by t test (p<0.05), principal component analysis (PCA), and partial least squares analysis (PLS-DA, VIP>1). The thyroid function of the female rats in the experimental group was abnormally changed. Metabolic analysis showed that the five groups were separated which revealed significant differences in hippocampal tissue metabolism among the five groups of offspring. A total of 12 potential metabolites were identified, with the majority of them being related to amino acid and energy metabolism. These metabolites are involved in various metabolic pathways, are interrelated, and may play a function in brain development. Our study highlights changes in metabolites and metabolic pathways in the brain hippocampus of offspring rats with different iodine intakes compared to controls, revealing new insights into hippocampal metabolism in offspring rats and new relevant targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lijun Fan
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Fan Li
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Qihao Sun
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yao Chen
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Yanhong He
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Hongmei Shen
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Centre for Endemic Disease Control, Chinese Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China.
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Wang J, Zhang H, Mao D, Tan H, Yu W, Xu J, Hong W, Piao J, Yang L, Liu X, Lu J, Li W, Li Y, Liu X, Yang X. Exploration of the lower threshold of iodine intake in Southern Chinese young adults based on ‘overflow theory’ in an iodine balance study. Nutr J 2022; 21:35. [PMID: 35644684 PMCID: PMC9150309 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-022-00775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Appropriate iodine intake for adults is essential to reduce the prevalence of thyroid diseases, but there is little research data on iodine requirement of Chinese population. This study aimed to explore the iodine requirement of young adults to maintain a healthy status based on ‘overflow theory’.
Methods
Iodine-balance experiment has been performed in this project. We conducted an 18-day study consisted of a 6-day acclimation period and 3 consecutive experimental stages in 37 Chinese healthy young adults (23 female and 14 male). Each stage was consumed for 4 days. Strictly-controlled low-iodine intake diets were provided for adults in the first period, an egg or 125mL milk was added in the second and third period, respectively. The dietary samples, 24-h urine specimens and faeces of volunteers were collected daily for assessment of iodine intake and excretion in volunteers.
Results
Mean values of iodine intake (22.7±3.6, 35.1±3.7, and 52.2±3.8μg/d), excretion (64.7±13.9, 62.3±12.6, and 94.3±14.5μg/d) and iodine balance (-35.2±19.5, -21.0±19.8, and -33.5±26.9μg/d) were significantly different among three periods for male (P<0.001 for all); mean values of iodine intake (16.6±3.1, 29.7±2.7, and 48.0±2.7μg/d), and excretion (47.0±9.9, 55.5±8.1, and 75.7±12.4μg/d) were significantly different among three periods for female (P < 0.001 for all). No significant difference was observed among the 3 periods for female in the iodine balance (-30.5±9.3, -25.9±7.3, and -27.6±12.1μg/d). The linear regression equation of iodine excretion on iodine intake was Y=0.979X+37.04 (male) and Y=0.895X+31.48 (female). Compared with stage 2, iodine excretion increments in stage 3 had exceeded the iodine intake increment for men. The ratio of increment was 1.675 for male when the average iodine intake was 52.2μg/d in stage 3. When the iodine excretion increment equaled to the iodine intake increment, the daily iodine intake of men was 47.0μg.
Conclusion
We have evaluated the iodine requirement of young adults in southern China based on overflow theory. Our results indicate the lower limit of iodine requirement for Chinese young men is 47.0μg/d. The trial was registered at www.chictr.org.cn as ChiCTR1800014877.
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The Impact of Preconceptional Hysterosalpingography with Oil-based Contrast on Maternal and Neonatal Iodine Status. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2887-2894. [PMID: 34080176 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00640-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this study is to investigate the impact of preconceptional exposure to oil-based iodinated contrast in the hysterosalpingography (HSG) on pregnant women and their offspring's iodine status, thyroid function, and the outcomes of pregnancy. A cross-sectional evaluation of iodine status was performed on pregnant women with the preconceptional experience of ethiodized-oil HSG. For those found to have iodine excess (with serum iodine concentration (SIC) > 92 μg/L), a prospective follow-up was conducted until termination of the pregnancy or 1 week postpartum. Among 70 of 425 pregnant women with preconceptional ethiodized-oil HSG, iodine excess was initially confirmed in 38 (54.3%), with an elevated SIC (294.00 μg/L [142.00, 123.20]) and urinary iodine-to-creatinine ratio (UI/Cr) (830.00 μg/g Cr [437.50, 255.30]), both higher than the normative data (P = 0.000, P = 0.000). Subsequent follow-up in pregnancy showed a downward trend in both SIC and UI/Cr. Thirty-four women delivered healthy neonates at full term, though the other 4 cases of premature birth, abnormal fetal karyotype, spontaneous abortion, and neonatal cardiac defect were reported. After delivery, the iodine concentration in maternal breast milk and neonatal urine was 584.50 μg/L [328.50, 1507.50] and 424.00 μg/L [277.00, 657.50], respectively, both higher than normative data (P = 0.001, P = 0.015). For thyroid evaluation, 25 cases (65.79%) of clinical or subclinical hypothyroidism and 2 cases (5.26%) of thyrotoxicosis were confirmed in women with iodine excess. Neither goiter nor thyroid dysfunction was detected in any offspring. Preconceptional exposure to oil-based contrast in HSG might exert a far-reaching impact on maternal and offspring iodine status, and tend to result in increased risk of maternal thyroid dysfunction.
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