Interaction between Apo A-II -265T > C polymorphism and dietary total antioxidant capacity on some oxidative stress and inflammatory markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Association of dietary total antioxidant capacity with general and abdominal obesity in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

BACKGROUND

The dual existence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) and obesity within a single individual may describe a combined adverse health effects, including impaired quality of life and increased risk for cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Oxidative stress is a contributing factor to the pathogenesis of obesity. Meanwhile, dietary antioxidants may improve the antioxidant defense system and thereby decrease oxidative injury. Dietary total antioxidant capacity (TAC) is usually used to investigate the potential health effects of dietary antioxidant intake on several oxidative stress induced chronic diseases. This study aimed to examine the association of dietary TAC with obesity-related features in T2DM patients.

METHODS

The present study included 254 type 2 diabetes outpatients with a mean (SD) age of 54.52 (7.21) years and mean (SD) diabetes duration of 8.2 (6.4) years. Data on dietary intake was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. Dietary TAC was estimated by ferric reducing antioxidant potential (FRAP) method. Anthropometric, clinical and lifestyle characteristics were all collected.

RESULTS

In linear regression analyses, dietary antioxidant capacity was inversely associated with body mass index (β = -0,231; 95% CI, -0,419 to -0,042), waist circumference (β = -0,427; 95% CI, -0,849 to -0,006) and fat mass percentage (β = -0,328; 95% CI, -0,545 to -0,112) independently of the assessed confounding variables. Interestingly, dietary TAC showed positive and significant associations with vitamin A, vitamin C, β-carotene, magnesium, folic acid and iron intakes, after adjusting for age and daily energy intake.

CONCLUSIONS

Higher intake of dietary TAC was in association with lower indices of general and central obesity in T2DM patients. Therefore, dietary recommendations for counteracting obesity in patients with T2DM should take into account a high dietary TAC.

Dietary total antioxidant capacity and serum 8-OHdG in patients with schizophrenia

BACKGROUND

Dietary total antioxidant capacity serves as an indicator for dietary quality and reflects daily antioxidant intake. This study aimed to determine the oxidative stress status of patients with schizophrenia and to examine the relationship between dietary total antioxidant capacity (dTAC) and 8-hydroxy-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a marker for oxidative stress.

METHODS

This study was conducted in Turkey and involved 40 patients diagnosed with schizophrenia or schizoaffective disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed., and 30 healthy controls matched for age and gender. The participants' sociodemographic characteristics and nutritional habits were determined through face-to-face interviews and through the use of questionnaires. The dTAC and dietary oxidative balance scores were calculated using a three-day dietary intake record. 8-OHdG levels were analyzed in the serum samples collected from the subjects.

RESULTS

Dietary ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP-1, FRAP-2), Trolox equivalence antioxidant capacity (TEAC), and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (H-ORAC) values were lower in patients with schizophrenia than in the healthy controls (P < 0.05). Serum 8-OHdG levels were found similar in both groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSION

Nutritional interventions are needed in patients with schizophrenia given that insufficient antioxidant intake may increase oxidative stress, which in turn affects disease development. Therefore, healthy nutrition, especially sufficient intake of dietary antioxidants, should be encouraged in patients with schizophrenia.

Dietary antioxidant consumption and the risk of type 2 diabetes in South Korean adults: a prospective cohort study based on the Health Examinees study

OBJECTIVES

Antioxidants are common dietary compounds with multiple health benefits. This study aimed to identify the association between dietary antioxidant consumption and the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) mellitus (defined using the Korean Diabetes Association criteria) in South Korean adults.

DESIGN

Baseline and follow-up data from the Health Examinees (HEXA) study, a large-scale community-based genomic cohort study conducted in South Korea SETTING: A South Korean community.

PARTICIPANTS

A total of 20 594 participants, aged 40-79 years, who participated in the baseline and follow-up surveys of the HEXA study were included. After an average of 5 years of follow-up, there were 332 men and 360 women with T2D.

RESULTS

Participants with the highest total flavonoid consumption (Q5) had a lower risk of T2D (men: HR 0.63; 95% CI 0.42 to 0.93; p value for trend=0.0169; and women: HR 0.54; 95% CI 0.438 to 0.78; p value for trend=0.0001) than those with the lowest consumption (Q1). Dietary total antioxidant capacity was significantly inversely associated with the development of T2D mellitus in women participants alone (HR 0.58; 95% CI 0.40 to 0.83; p value for trend=0.0004). Stratified analyses according to age and body mass index (BMI) showed that dietary total flavonoid consumption and total antioxidant capacity had a negative association with the development of T2D in women aged >52 years and women with BMI >25 kg/m².

CONCLUSIONS

Dietary flavonoid consumption and total antioxidant capacity were associated with a lower risk of T2D in South Korean adults, especially in women aged >52 years and overweight. The findings of this study may provide reference data for the modification of dietary guidelines for South Koreans.