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Malagnini V, Pozzebon A, Facchin P, Paganelli A, Duso C. Airborne pollen can affect the abundance of predatory mites in vineyards: implications for conservation biological control strategies. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:1963-1975. [PMID: 35088932 PMCID: PMC9305490 DOI: 10.1002/ps.6815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The importance of pollen as alternative food for generalist phytoseiid mites occurring in vineyards has been investigated in northeastern Italy. We compared pollen and phytoseiid abundance in four vineyards and in plots located at different distance from flowering hop plants. Pollen (Carpinus betulus and Typha spp.) was sprayed onto the foliage to evaluate the potential impact of this food source on predatory mite abundance. Finally, grass management was investigated to analyze the effect of a reduced mowing frequency on predatory mite population densities. RESULTS Arboreal pollen was found mostly during the spring and the grapevine blossoming period. Nonarboreal pollen dominated throughout the growing seasons. In vineyards, the abundance of Amblyseius andersoni, Kampimodromus aberrans, Phytoseius finitimus, Typhlodromus pyri eggs and motile forms increased after a phase of large pollen availability. Hop pollen promoted K. aberrans population increases in vineyards. Pollen applications increased predatory mite egg and motile form densities and similar effects were obtained by reducing mowing frequency in vineyards. CONCLUSION Pollen availability positively affects the biology of four phytoseiid species, promoting stable predatory mite populations in vineyards. However, natural pollen availability and predatory mite abundance often decrease in summer, and pollen supply can mitigate this trend. A higher pollen availability could be guaranteed by inserting hedges comprising species having scalar bloom, reducing mowing of inter-row groundcover and spraying pollen. The presence of flowering plants surrounding vineyards and in their inter-rows should be considered as a relevant factor to enhance the success of biocontrol tactics against phytophagous mites in viticulture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Malagnini
- Center for Technology TransferEdmund Mach FoundationSan Michele all’ Adige (Trento)Italy
| | - Alberto Pozzebon
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and EnvironmentUniversity of PadovaLegnaroItaly
| | - Paolo Facchin
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and EnvironmentUniversity of PadovaLegnaroItaly
| | | | - Carlo Duso
- Department of Agronomy, Food, Natural Resources, Animals and EnvironmentUniversity of PadovaLegnaroItaly
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Jain S, Roy P. Untangling the role of tri-trophic food chain model in sustaining quokka population. INT J BIOMATH 2022. [DOI: 10.1142/s1793524521500534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The introduction of predators like red fox and dingoes in the 1930s took a big toll on the quokka population. This paper is mainly concerned with designing conservation policies for quokka population (an endangered species). For this purpose, we designed a reaction–diffusion tri-tropic food chain model consisting quokka and its two predators, red fox and dingoes. We have shown the global existence, non-negativity and uniform boundedness for the designed spatiotemporal model. Existence and stability analysis of the equilibrium points for the model is done. We applied the prevalent idea of basic reproduction number with its origin from epidemiology to the food chain model, to deduce a condition for extinction and persistence of predator population. Natural systems exhibit an amazing diversity of structures in both living and non-living systems. We found that in the presence of diffusion, the model has the potential of exhibiting Turing instability generating beautiful patterns. Numerical results reveal that quokka tends to avoid places resided by dingoes. Our research aims at finding a solution for the current quokka extinction problem by showing the effect of presence of alternative food for dingoes and prohibiting the external factor causing death of quokka population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanjoli Jain
- School of Mathematics, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab
| | - Parimita Roy
- School of Mathematics, Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology, Patiala, Punjab
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Smaller and Isolated Grassland Fragments Are Exposed to Stronger Seed and Insect Predation in Habitat Edges. FORESTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/f12010054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Habitat fragmentation threatens terrestrial arthropod biodiversity, and thereby also leads to alterations of ecosystem functioning and stability. Predation on insects and seeds by arthropods are two very important ecological functions because of their community-structuring effects. We addressed the effect of fragment connectivity, fragment size, and edge effect on insect and seed predation of arthropods. We studied 60 natural fragments of two grassland ecosystems in the same region (Hungarian Great Plain), 30 forest-steppes, and 30 burial mounds (kurgans). The size of fragments were in the range of 0.16–6.88 ha for forest-steppe and 0.01–0.44 ha for kurgan. We used 2400 sentinel arthropod preys (dummy caterpillars) and 4800 seeds in trays for the measurements. Attack marks on dummy caterpillars were used for predator identification and calculation of insect predation rates. In the case of seeds, predation rates were calculated as the number of missing or damaged seeds per total number of exposed seeds. Increasing connectivity played a role only in generally small kurgans, with a negative effect on insect and seed predation rates in the edges. In contrast, fragment size moderated edge effects on insect and seed predation rates in generally large forest-steppes. The difference between edges and centres was more pronounced in small than in large fragments. Our study emphasizes the important role of landscape and fragment-scale factors interacting with edge effect in shaping ecosystem functions in natural grassland fragments of modified landscapes. Managing functional landscapes to optimize the assessment of ecosystem functions and services needs a multispatial scale approach.
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Marcossi Í, Fonseca MM, Carbajal PAF, Cardoso A, Pallini A, Janssen A. High-quality alternative food reduces cannibalism in the predatory mite Amblyseius herbicolus (Acari: Phytoseiidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2020; 81:189-200. [PMID: 32419095 PMCID: PMC7280333 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-020-00500-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Predatory mites of the Phytoseiidae family are important biological control agents. Many species of this family are omnivores, i.e., besides on prey, they can feed on plant resources such as nectar and pollen. It has been shown that the addition of alternative food for predators to a crop enhances biological control. However, factors such as food availability and quality can also affect interactions such as cannibalism, and thus influence biological control. We investigated the role of quality of the alternative food in the tendency of Amblyseius herbicolus to engage in cannibalism, a common ecological interaction in many phytoseiid mite species. Cannibalism on eggs by A. herbicolus was significantly reduced in the presence of high-quality food (cattail pollen) compared to egg cannibalism without alternative food, whereas this was not the case in the presence of low-quality food (cotton pollen). This suggests that cattail pollen is a high-quality alternative food, not only because it results in increased development and reproduction of predators, but also because it can minimize cannibalism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ítalo Marcossi
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Morgana M. Fonseca
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Paola A. F. Carbajal
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900 Brazil
| | - André Cardoso
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Angelo Pallini
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900 Brazil
| | - Arne Janssen
- Department of Entomology, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa, Minas Gerais 36570-900 Brazil
- Evolutionary and Population Biology, IBED, University of Amsterdam, Science Park 904, 1098 XH Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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Torres‐Campos I, Magalhães S, Moya‐Laraño J, Montserrat M. The return of the trophic chain: Fundamental vs. realized interactions in a simple arthropod food web. Funct Ecol 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Inmaculada Torres‐Campos
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’ Universidad de Málaga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM‐UMA‐CSIC) Málaga Spain
| | - Sara Magalhães
- cE3c: Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes Faculdade de Ciências Universidade de Lisboa Lisboa Portugal
| | - Jordi Moya‐Laraño
- Estación Experimental de Zonas Áridas – CSIC, Carretera de Sacramento s/n Almería Spain
| | - Marta Montserrat
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea ‘La Mayora’ Universidad de Málaga, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM‐UMA‐CSIC) Málaga Spain
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Tixier MS. Predatory Mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) in Agro-Ecosystems and Conservation Biological Control: A Review and Explorative Approach for Forecasting Plant-Predatory Mite Interactions and Mite Dispersal. Front Ecol Evol 2018. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2018.00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Vela JM, Wong E, Jaques JA, Ledesma C, Boyero JR. Mite diversity (Acari: Tetranychidae, Tydeidae, Iolinidae, Phytoseiidae) and within-tree distribution in citrus orchards in southern Spain, with special reference to Eutetranychus orientalis. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2017; 73:191-207. [PMID: 29022207 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-017-0180-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mite diversity of selected citrus orchards in Andalusia (southern Spain) was studied during 2002-2007. The following species were found: Eutetranychus orientalis, Tetranychus urticae, Panonychus citri (Tetranychidae), Tydeus californicus, Lorryia formosa (Tydeidae), Pronematus ubiquitus (Iolinidae), Euseius stipulatus, Typhlodromus phialatus, Neoseiulus californicus, Euseius scutalis, Phytoseiulus persimilis, Paraseiulus talbii and Neoseiulus cucumeris (Phytoseiidae). Eutetranychus orientalis was the dominant tetranychid species in orange and lemon trees, whereas T. urticae was slightly more abundant in mandarines. The most abundant tydeid in clementine and orange was Tydeus californicus, in lemon it was L. formosa. The iolinid P. ubiquitus was found in very low numbers. With respect to phytoseiids, E. stipulatus was dominant in the three citrus species. Eutetranychus orientalis had a unimodal phenology, peaking only in autumn, whereas the other two tetranychids had two maxima. Tydeus californicus showed one or two peaks depending upon the citrus species, and E. stipulatus also had two peaks, one in spring and one in autumn. The mites displayed a non-random distribution in the tree. Eutetranychus orientalis preferred the outer and upper leaves. On the contrary, tydeids (mainly T. californicus) and phytoseiids (mainly E. stipulatus) preferred inner and lower leaves. These preferences had not been sufficiently described previously, and they are important for sampling plans.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Miguel Vela
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Junta de Andalucía, Cortijo de la Cruz, s/n, 29140, Málaga, España.
| | - Eva Wong
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Junta de Andalucía, Cortijo de la Cruz, s/n, 29140, Málaga, España
| | - Josep A Jaques
- Departament de Ciències Agràries i del Medi Natural, Unitat Associada d'Entomologia Agrícola UJI-IVIA, Universitat Jaume I, Campus del Riu Sec, 12071, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Claudio Ledesma
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Junta de Andalucía, Cortijo de la Cruz, s/n, 29140, Málaga, España
| | - Juan Ramón Boyero
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Junta de Andalucía, Cortijo de la Cruz, s/n, 29140, Málaga, España
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Lara JR, Amrich R, Saremi NT, Hoddle MS. Spatial Dependence and Sampling of Phytoseiid Populations on Hass Avocados in Southern California. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2016; 45:708-718. [PMID: 27106820 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvw030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Research on phytoseiid mites has been critical for developing an effective biocontrol strategy for suppressing Oligonchus perseae Tuttle, Baker, and Abatiello (Acari: Tetranychidae) in California avocado orchards. However, basic understanding of the spatial ecology of natural populations of phytoseiids in relation to O. perseae infestations and the validation of research-based strategies for assessing densities of these predators has been limited. To address these shortcomings, cross-sectional and longitudinal observations consisting of >3,000 phytoseiids and 500,000 O. perseae counted on 11,341 leaves were collected across 10 avocado orchards during a 10-yr period. Subsets of these data were analyzed statistically to characterize the spatial distribution of phytoseiids in avocado orchards and to evaluate the merits of developing binomial and enumerative sampling strategies for these predators. Spatial correlation of phytoseiids between trees was detected at one site, and a strong association of phytoseiids with elevated O. perseae densities was detected at four sites. Sampling simulations revealed that enumeration-based sampling performed better than binomial sampling for estimating phytoseiid densities. The ecological implications of these findings and potential for developing a custom sampling plan to estimate densities of phytoseiids inhabiting sampled trees in avocado orchards in California are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús R Lara
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 (; ; ; )
| | - Ruth Amrich
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 (; ; ; )
| | - Naseem T Saremi
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 (; ; ; )
| | - Mark S Hoddle
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA 92521 (; ; ; )
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Guzmán C, Sahún RM, Montserrat M. Intraguild predation between phytoseiid mite species might not be so common. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2016; 68:441-53. [PMID: 26715542 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-015-9997-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
It is widely acknowledged that intraguild predation (IGP) occurs frequently between species of phytoseiid mites. However, in the presence of a shared resource many species of phytoseiid mites considerably reduce, or even cease, predation on each other. That being the case, IGP would then be minimal, or non-existent, and its theoretical effects on communities negligible. The aim of this work was two-fold. On the one hand, we aimed at determining the occurrence of IGP between two species of phytoseiid mites that inhabit avocado agro-ecosystems (Euseius stipulatus and E. scutalis) while considering the influence of abiotic conditions. On the other hand, we aimed at evaluating the occurrence of IGP between species of phytoseiid mites through a literature search of studies to determine whether methodologies and results in these papers supported the extended idea of IGP being widespread in the Phytoseiidae family. Our results suggested that in the presence of the shared resource predation on the IG-prey was negligible and both species seem to forage preferentially on pollen. Therefore, the interaction that most likely drives the dynamics of these two species in the field is exploitative resource competition. The literature search revealed that caution should be taken when assuming that IGP between phytoseiid mites is widespread, because only few works used experimental set ups with the adequate array of treatments allowing to assess whether IG-predators fed or not on both the IG-prey and the shared resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Guzmán
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Estación Experimental La Mayora, 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - R M Sahún
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Estación Experimental La Mayora, 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - M Montserrat
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea "La Mayora", Universidad de Málaga- Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Estación Experimental La Mayora, 29750, Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain.
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Lara JR, Saremi NT, Castillo MJ, Hoddle MS. Sampling method evaluation and empirical model fitting for count data to estimate densities of Oligonychus perseae (Acari: Tetranychidae) on 'Hass' avocado leaves in southern California. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2016; 68:455-475. [PMID: 26861068 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-016-0018-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Oligonychus perseae (Acari: Tetranychidae) is an important foliar spider mite pest of 'Hass' avocados in several commercial production areas of the world. In California (USA), O. perseae densities in orchards can exceed more than 100 mites per leaf and this makes enumerative counting prohibitive for field sampling. In this study, partial enumerative mite counts along half a vein on an avocado leaf, an industry recommended practice known as the "half-vein method", was evaluated for accuracy using four data sets with a combined total of more than 485,913 motile O. perseae counted on 3849 leaves. Sampling simulations indicated that the half-vein method underestimated mite densities in a range of 15-60 %. This problem may adversely affect management of this pest in orchards and potentially compromise the results of field research requiring accurate mite density estimation. To address this limitation, four negative binomial regression models were fit to count data in an attempt to rescue the half-vein method for estimating mite densities. These models were incorporated into sampling plans and evaluated for their ability to estimate mite densities on whole leaves within 30-tree blocks of avocados. Model 3, a revised version of the original half-vein model, showed improvement in providing reliable estimates of O. perseae densities for making assessments of general leaf infestation densities across orchards in southern California. The implications of these results for customizing the revised half-vein method as a potential field sampling tool and for experimental research in avocado production in California are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús R Lara
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
| | - Naseem T Saremi
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Martin J Castillo
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Mark S Hoddle
- Department of Entomology, University of California, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
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Maoz Y, Gal S, Argov Y, Domeratzky S, Melamed E, Gan-Mor S, Coll M, Palevsky E. Efficacy of indigenous predatory mites (Acari: Phytoseiidae) against the citrus rust mite Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Acari: Eriophyidae): augmentation and conservation biological control in Israeli citrus orchards. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2014; 63:295-312. [PMID: 24623155 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-014-9786-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2013] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The citrus rust mite (CRM), Phyllocoptruta oleivora (Acari: Eriophyidae) is a cosmopolitan key pest of citrus, inflicting severe economic damage if not controlled. In Israel, CRM damages all citrus cultivars. International regulation and increasing control failures of CRM led growers to seek sustainable biological control solutions such as acarine biological control agents. Laboratory studies conducted in Israel have indicated that the indigenous predator species Amblyseius swirskii, Iphiseius degenerans, Typhlodromus athiasae and Euseius scutalis (all Acari: Phytoseiidae) can potentially control CRM. Our general objective in the present study was to bridge the gap of knowledge between laboratory studies and the lack of control efficacy of these species in commercial orchards. Predator augmentation in the field showed that although predator populations increased immediately following releases they later decreased and did not affect CRM populations. When A. swirskii augmentation was combined with a series of maize pollen applications, A. swirskii populations were enhanced substantially and continuously but again CRM populations were not affected. Growth chamber studies with CRM-infested seedlings, with or without a maize pollen supplement, indicated that pollen provisioning led to population increase of E. scutalis and A. swirskii but only E. scutalis significantly lowered CRM populations. Control with E. scutalis was confirmed in the field on CRM infested seedlings with pollen provisioned by adjacent flowering Rhodes grass. While experiments in mature citrus orchard showed that pollen supplement usually increased predator populations they also indicated that other factors such as intraguild interactions and pesticide treatments should be taken into account when devising CRM biological control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Maoz
- Department of Entomology, Newe-Ya'ar Research Center, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), P.O. Box 1021, 30095, Ramat Yishay, Israel
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Goleva I, Zebitz CPW. Suitability of different pollen as alternative food for the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii (Acari, Phytoseiidae). EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2013; 61:259-283. [PMID: 23670826 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-013-9700-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The predacious mite Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot is used as a biological control agent against various pests in greenhouses. Pollen offered as supplementary food is reported to improve their fast establishment and performance. However, the nutritional suitability of different pollens for A. swirskii is not sufficiently known yet. Pollens of 21 plant species were offered to the mites as exclusive food during preimaginal development. Preimaginal mortality and developmental time have been assessed, followed by a life-table analysis of the emerged adults and a calculation of demographic parameters. Amblyseius swirskii can feed exclusively on pollen, but the nutritional value of the pollens differed significantly. Pollens of Lilium martagon and Hippeastrum sp. were toxic, causing 100 % preimaginal mortality, probably due to secondary plant compounds. Hibiscus syriacus pollen was absolutely incompatible for the juvenile and adult mites, possibly due to their external morphology, differing from all the other pollens tested and leading to 100 % preimaginal mortality also. Considering all parameters, feeding on Aesculus hippocastanum, Crocus vernus, Echinocereus sp. and Paulownia tomentosa pollens lead to the best performance of the mites. Feeding on most pollens resulted in no or low preimaginal mortality of A. swirskii, but affected significantly developmental time, adult longevity, and reproduction parameters. Commercial bee pollen was not able to improve life-table parameters compared to pure pollen of the plant species. Pollens of Helianthus annuus, Corylus avellana and a Poaceae mix were less suitable as food source and resulted in a poor performance of all tested parameters. Compared with literature data, 18 pollens tested proved to be a similar or better food source than cattail pollen, qualifying A. swirskii as a positively omnivorous type IV species. Pollens of Ricinus communis and Zea mays can be recommended as supplementary food offered as banker plants, and A. hippocastanum and Betula pendula pollen is recommended to be used as dispersible pollen in greenhouses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Goleva
- Institute of Phytomedicine, University of Hohenheim, 70593, Stuttgart, Germany,
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Rodríguez-Cruz FA, Venzon M, Pinto CMF. Performance of Amblyseius herbicolus on broad mites and on castor bean and sunnhemp pollen. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2013; 60:497-507. [PMID: 23417701 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-013-9665-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Amblyseius herbicolus (Banks) is found associated with broad mites Polyphagotarsonemus latus in crops such as chili pepper in Brazil. The species has a potential for controlling P. latus, but little is known about its development and reproduction on this pest as well as on other food sources. We studied biological, reproductive and life table parameters of A. herbicolus on three different diets: broad mites, castor bean pollen (Ricinus communis) and sunnhemp pollen (Crotalaria juncea). The predator was able to develop and reproduce on all diets. However, its intrinsic growth rate was higher on the diet of broad mites or on castor bean pollen than on sunnhemp pollen. Differences among pollen species may be due to their nutritional content. Feeding on alternative food such as pollen can facilitate the predator's mass rearing and maintain its population on crops when prey is absent or scarce. Other strategies of using pollen to sustain predator population and reduce pest damage are discussed.
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Montserrat M, Sahún RM, Guzmán C. Can climate change jeopardize predator control of invasive herbivore species? A case study in avocado agro-ecosystems in Spain. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2013; 59:27-42. [PMID: 22527837 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-012-9560-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 04/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Climate change is one of the most important factors affecting the phenology, distribution, composition and diversity of organisms. In agricultural systems many pests and natural enemies are arthropods. As poikilotherm organisms, their body temperature is highly dependent on environmental conditions. Because higher trophic levels typically have lower tolerance to high temperatures than lower trophic levels, trends towards increasing local or regional temperatures may affect the strength of predator/prey interactions and disrupt pest control. Furthermore, increasing temperatures may create climate corridors that could facilitate the invasion and establishment of invasive species originating from warmer areas. In this study we examined the effect of environmental conditions on the dynamics of an agro-ecosystem community located in southern Spain, using field data on predator/prey dynamics and climate gathered during four consecutive years. The study system was composed of an ever-green tree species (avocado), an exotic tetranychid mite, and two native species of phytoseiid mites found in association with this new pest. We also present a climatological analysis of the temperature trend in the area of study during the last 28 years, as evidence of temperature warming occurring in the area. We found that the range of temperatures with positive per capita growth rates was much wider in prey than in predators, and that relative humidity contributed to explain the growth rate variation in predators, but not in prey. Predator and prey differences in thermal performance curves could explain why natural enemies did not respond numerically to the pest when environmental conditions were harsh.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Montserrat
- Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), 29750 Algarrobo-Costa (Málaga), Spain.
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Palevsky E, Gerson U, Zhang ZQ. Can exotic phytoseiids be considered 'benevolent invaders' in perennial cropping systems? EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2013; 59:11-26. [PMID: 22669275 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-012-9575-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Numerous natural enemies were adopted worldwide for the control of major pests, including exotic phytoseiid species (Acari: Mesostigmata: Phytoseiidae) that had been moved from continent to continent in protected and perennial agricultural systems. However, relatively fewer successes were recorded in perennial agricultural systems. In this manuscript we focus on the question: Can and will exotic phytoseiids provide better pest control than indigenous species in perennial agricultural systems? To answer this question, we review the efficacy of biological control efforts with phytoseiids in several case studies, where exotic and indigenous species were used against pests on indigenous host plants and some crops that were historically or recently introduced. Related factors affecting predator establishment, such as intraguild predation and pesticide effects are discussed, as well as the potential negative effects of exotic species releases on biological control and their impact on the indigenous natural fauna. On citrus, apple, grape and cassava exotic phytoseiids have enhanced biological control without negatively affecting indigenous species of natural enemies, except for the case of Euseius stipulatus (Athias-Henriot) on citrus that displaced Euseius hibisci (Chant) in a limited region of coastal California, USA, the latter considered to be an inferior biocontrol agent of Panonychus citri Koch. Phytoseiulus persimilis Athias-Henriot on gorse, an invasive weed, is perhaps the only recorded case of a negative effect of an established exotic phytoseiid on biological control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Palevsky
- Department of Entomology, Institute of Plant Protection, Volcani, Agricultural Research Organization (ARO), Newe-Ya'ar Research Center, POB 1021, Ramat Yishay 30095, Israel.
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Abad-Moyano R, Pina T, Pérez-Panadés J, Carbonell EA, Urbaneja A. Efficacy of Neoseiulus californicus and Phytoseiulus persimilis in suppression of Tetranychus urticae in young clementine plants. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2010; 50:317-328. [PMID: 19784783 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-009-9318-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2009] [Accepted: 09/10/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Tetranychus urticae is one of the most damaging tetranychid mites affecting clementine orchards in Spain, where natural control is insufficient. Furthermore, in clementine nurseries, tender foliage is highly susceptible to attack and natural enemies are almost always absent. Therefore, acaricides are often used indiscriminately. Alternative control measures are necessary, both in commercial orchards and clementine nurseries. In order to assess the efficacy of inoculative releases of N. californicus and P. persimilis to reduce T. urticae populations in young Spanish clementine plants, a semi-field experiment was conducted and repeated in three seasons (spring, summer and autumn). Phytoseiulus persimilis was highly effective in reducing both T. urticae infestations and the damage level inflicted on plants at both release rates evaluated (40 and 80 phytoseiids/plant) and all three periods considered. By contrast, N. californicus demonstrated low performance under certain conditions. The results of this study could be adapted and transferred to nurseries and young citrus plantations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Abad-Moyano
- Unidad de Entomología, Centro de Protección Vegetal y Biotecnología, Instituto Valenciano de Investigaciones Agrarias, Apartado Oficial, Carretera de Moncada a Náquera, 46113 Moncada, Valencia, Spain
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