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Wang B, Wang S, Wu Z, He J, Lin H, Zhang W. UPLC-MS based lipidomics analysis on optimization of soybean phosphatidylethanolamine extraction. Food Chem X 2024; 23:101578. [PMID: 39036473 PMCID: PMC11260036 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 06/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Soybean-derived phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) is a valuable phospholipid component yet its high-purity form is costly and its molecular structure is poorly understood. The present study combined solvent extraction and cryopurification to purify PE. The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: material-liquid ratio 1:15 (g/mL), ethanol base concentration 100:4 (Vanhydrous ethanol /V25% ammonia), extraction temperature 40 °C, time 60 min, extraction twice. The cryopurification conditions were: material-liquid ratio 1:60, ethanol base concentration 100:6 (Vanhydrous ethanol/V25% ammonia), freezing temperature - 20 °C, time 20 h. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS analysis revealed phospholipid composition of raw material, crude product, and purified product. The results showed that the purity of PE in the purified products was 76.74%, and the yield was 72.43% under optimal conditions. 181 phospholipid molecules were quantified. The study successfully explored high-purity PE preparation method and the composition of PE product. It provides a basis for the subsequent exploration of its biofunction and potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boya Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
| | - Siqi Wang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
| | - Zongyuan Wu
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products (Wuhan Polytechnic University), China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), China
| | - Junbo He
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products (Wuhan Polytechnic University), China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), China
| | - Hong Lin
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products (Wuhan Polytechnic University), China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), China
| | - Weinong Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Wuhan Polytechnic University, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory for Processing and Transformation of Agricultural Products (Wuhan Polytechnic University), China
- MOE Key Laboratory for Deep Processing of Major Grain and Oil (Wuhan Polytechnic University), China
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2
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Szafrańska JO, Waraczewski R, Bartoń M, Wesołowska-Trojanowska M, Maziejuk W, Nowak P, Sołowiej BG. The effect of organic fruit juices on physicochemical, microbiological and antioxidative aspects of organic goat's and cow's fermented whey beverages produced on laboratory and industrial scale. J Dairy Sci 2024:S0022-0302(24)01131-7. [PMID: 39265835 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2024-25350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 08/10/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
Fermented milk beverages have been known for years and are characterized by excellent health-promoting properties. Therefore, consumer attention has been drawn to this product type in recent years. In the presented research, the technology of production in laboratory and industrial scale of controlled fermentation of whey beverages containing sweet and sour organic cow's or goat's whey with the addition of organic fruit juices (apple, blackcurrant juice or Kamchatka berry), has been described. Food production on a laboratory scale involves small batch processes designed for experimentation and refinement, often with precise control over variables and conditions. In contrast, industrial-scale food production in enterprises focuses on large volume output with an emphasis on efficiency, consistency, and adherence to regulatory standards for mass consumption. In this study was examined the amino acid content and nutritional value of the obtained products. Tests were carried out on fermented whey drinks' microbiology and antioxidant properties. The significance was determined using an ANOVA (ANOVA)-each prepared drink was characterized by better antioxidant properties and nutritional values compared with product without juice addition. Microbiological examination proved that only one product was not fit for consumption according to the Polish norm. Using whey (goat and cow) as a base for a fermented beverage with enhanced health benefits is a positive step toward using products commonly regarded as waste.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Szafrańska
- Department of Dairy Technology and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland.
| | - R Waraczewski
- Department of Dairy Technology and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - M Bartoń
- Department of Dairy Technology and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - M Wesołowska-Trojanowska
- Department of Biotechnology, Microbiology and Human Nutrition, Faculty of Food Sciences and Bio-technology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
| | - W Maziejuk
- Family Organic Farm "Figa" Waldemar and Tomasz Maziejuk, Mszana 44/2, 38-454 Tylawa, Poland
| | - P Nowak
- Manufacturer of BIO Juices NFC Korab Garden Sp. z o. o., Samoklęski, Kolonia Druga 21A, 21-132 Kamionka, Poland
| | - B G Sołowiej
- Department of Dairy Technology and Functional Foods, Faculty of Food Sciences and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Poland, Skromna 8, 20-704 Lublin, Poland
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3
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Liput KP, Lepczyński A, Poławska E, Ogłuszka M, Starzyński R, Urbański P, Nawrocka A, Jończy A, Pierzchała D, Pareek CS, Gołyński M, Woźniakowski G, Czarnik U, Pierzchała M. Murine hepatic proteome adaptation to high-fat diets with different contents of saturated fatty acids and linoleic acid : α-linolenic acid polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios. J Vet Res 2024; 68:427-441. [PMID: 39318514 PMCID: PMC11418388 DOI: 10.2478/jvetres-2024-0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Some health disorders, such as obesity and type 2 diabetes, are associated with a poor diet and low quality of the fat in it. The type and duration of the diet have an impact on the liver. This investigation uses the proteomic approach to identify changes in the mouse liver protein profile in adaptation to high-fat diets with different saturated fatty acid contents and linoleic acid (18:2n-6) to α-linolenic acid (18:3n-3) fatty acid ratios. Material and Methods Four groups of male mice were fed different diets: one standard diet and three high-fat diets were investigated. After six months on these diets, the animals were sacrificed for liver dissection. Two-dimensional electrophoresis was used to separate the complex liver protein mixture, which enabled the separation of proteins against a wide, 3-10 range of pH and molecular weights of 15-250 kDa. Protein profiles were analysed in the PDQuest Advanced 8.0.1 program. Differentially expressed spots were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry and peptide mass fingerprinting. The levels of identified proteins were validated using Western blotting. Transcript levels were evaluated using a real-time quantitative PCR. Results The analysis of mouse liver protein profiles enabled the identification of 32 protein spots differing between nutritional groups. Conclusion A diet high in polyunsaturated fatty acids modulated the levels of liver proteins involved in critical metabolic pathways, including amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism and cellular response to oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila P. Liput
- Department of Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552Magdalenka, Poland
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics of the Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Lepczyński
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, 71-270Szczecin, Poland
| | - Ewa Poławska
- Department of Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Magdalena Ogłuszka
- Department of Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Rafał Starzyński
- Department of Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Paweł Urbański
- Department of Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Agata Nawrocka
- Department of Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Aneta Jończy
- Department of Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Dorota Pierzchała
- Maria Skłodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, 02-781Warsaw, Poland
| | - Chandra S. Pareek
- Department of Infectious and Invasive Diseases and Veterinary Administration, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100Toruń, Poland
- Division of Functional Genomics in Biological and Biomedical Research, Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100Toruń, Poland
| | - Marcin Gołyński
- Department of Infectious and Invasive Diseases and Veterinary Administration, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100Toruń, Poland
- Division of Functional Genomics in Biological and Biomedical Research, Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100Toruń, Poland
| | - Grzegorz Woźniakowski
- Department of Infectious and Invasive Diseases and Veterinary Administration, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100Toruń, Poland
- Division of Functional Genomics in Biological and Biomedical Research, Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, 87-100Toruń, Poland
| | - Urszula Czarnik
- Department of Pig Breeding, Faculty of Animal Bio-Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719Olsztyn, Poland
| | - Mariusz Pierzchała
- Department of Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Jastrzębiec, 05-552Magdalenka, Poland
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Zhang S, Li Q, Huang Z, Wang G, Zheng X, Liu J. Exploring community succession and metabolic changes in corn gluten meal-bran mixed wastes during fermentation. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121684. [PMID: 38981273 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/11/2024]
Abstract
Addressing the challenge of sustainable agricultural processing waste management is crucial. Protein sources are essential for livestock farming, and one viable solution is the microbial fermentation of agricultural by-products. In this study, the microorganisms utilized for fermentation were Pichia fermentans PFZS and Limmosilactobacillus fermentum LFZS. The results demonstrated that the fermented corn gluten meal-bran mixture (FCBM) effectively degraded high molecular weight proteins, resulting in increases of approximately 23.3%, 367.6%, and 159.3% in crude protein (CP), trichloroacetic acid-soluble protein (TCA-SP), and free amino acid (FAA), respectively. Additionally, there was a significant enhancement in the content of beneficial metabolites, including total phenols, carotenoids, and microorganisms. FCBM also effectively reduced anti-nutritional factors while boosting antioxidant and anti-inflammatory substances, such as dipeptides and tripeptides. The fermentation process was marked by an increase in beneficial endophytes, which was closely correlated with the enhancement of beneficial metabolites. Overall, FCBM provides a theoretical basis for substituting traditional protein resources in animal husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuai Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Qining Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Zhaoxin Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Guoxia Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China
| | - Xin Zheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, 130118, China.
| | - Jingsheng Liu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Jilin Agricultural University, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China; National Engineering Research Center for Wheat and Corn Deep Processing, Changchun, Jilin, 130118, China.
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Bilgundi K, Viswanatha GL, Purushottam KM, John J, Kamath AP, Kishore A, Nayak PG, Nandakumar K. Docosahexaenoic Acid and Pregnancy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Association with Improved Maternal and Fetal Health. Nutr Res 2024; 128:82-93. [PMID: 39067112 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2024.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 06/27/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on pregnancy outcomes through a systematic review and meta-analysis. We hypothesized that prenatal DHA intake through supplements will improve pregnancy outcomes. Detailed literature search was performed using online databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, and Google Scholar till November 2022, to identify the randomized controlled trials (RCT) with maternal intake of DHA supplementation during the latter half of pregnancy compared to the placebo/control. Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, nine RCTs involving 5710 subjects were included. This meta-analysis showed that DHA supplementation (450-800 mg/day) was associated with a significantly higher birth weight of infants (Inverse variance [IV]: 101.71 [57.36-146.06] at 95% CI, P = .00001, I2 = 0%), and fewer low birth weights (LBWs) (Mantel-Haenszel [M-H]: 0.53 [0.33-0.86] at 95% CI, P = .01, I2 = 72%), with lesser but statistically insignificant pre-term births (PTB) (M-H: -0.02 [-0.04 to 0.00] at 95% CI, P = .07, I2 = 0%) compared to the placebo. However, the DHA supplementation has no effect on gestational length (IV: -2.26 [-9.64 to 5.12] at 95% CI, P = .55, I2 = 100%) compared to the placebo. In conclusion, the outcomes of this meta-analysis showed that prenatal DHA supplementation (450-800 mg/day) may reduce the risk of preterm births and increase infant birth weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Bilgundi
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | | | | | - Jeena John
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Akshatha P Kamath
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Anoop Kishore
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Pawan Ganesh Nayak
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India
| | - Krishnadas Nandakumar
- Department of Pharmacology, Manipal College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, 576104, India.
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Xu C, Xiong P, Song W, Song Q, Hu Y, Song T, Ji H, Chen X, Zou Z. Effects of Fermented Navel Orange Pulp on Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics, Meat Quality, Meat Nutritional Value, and Serum Biochemical Indicators of Finishing Tibetan Pigs. Foods 2024; 13:1910. [PMID: 38928851 PMCID: PMC11202843 DOI: 10.3390/foods13121910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
In order to cope with the limited supply of feed for global animal production, there is a pressing need to explore alternative feed resources. Orange pulp, a by-product of agriculture and industry, has shown potential to positively or neutrally impact pig productive performance when included in their diet. However, there is a lack of research on the effects of fermented navel orange pulp (FNOP) on pig growth and productive performance. This study aimed to investigate the effects of FNOP as a dry matter substitute on pig's growth performance, carcass characteristics, meat quality, meat nutritional value, and serum biochemical indicators. The experiment involved 128 finishing Tibetan pigs, divided into four feed treatment groups, with varying levels (0%, 5%, 10% and 15%) of FNOP replacing dry matter in the basal diet. The results indicate that substituting 5% to 15% FNOP had no adverse effects on pig growth performance. However, at a 15% substitution rate, there was a decrease in serum growth hormone and IGF-1 levels, along with an increase in the feed-to-gain ratio. A 10% FNOP replacement notably increased the loin-eye muscle area of pigs. Additionally, 5% and 10% FNOP substitutions reduced the drip loss of pork. The study also found that substituting 5% to 15% FNOP increased unsaturated fatty acids and umami nucleotide contents in pork and raised serum total protein and uric acid (nucleotide-metabolism-related product) levels. These findings suggest that moderate FNOP substitution might improve meat quality, nutritional value, and maintain growth and productive performance in Tibetan pigs by improving protein synthesis and nucleotide metabolism, while also reducing feed costs. The optimal substitution ratio identified was 10%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanhui Xu
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China; (C.X.); (P.X.); (W.S.); (Q.S.); (H.J.)
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Green and Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang 330200, China
| | - Pingwen Xiong
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China; (C.X.); (P.X.); (W.S.); (Q.S.); (H.J.)
| | - Wenjing Song
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China; (C.X.); (P.X.); (W.S.); (Q.S.); (H.J.)
| | - Qiongli Song
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China; (C.X.); (P.X.); (W.S.); (Q.S.); (H.J.)
| | - Yan Hu
- Institute of Animal Science and Fisheries, Gannan Academy of Sciences, Ganzhou 341401, China;
| | - Tongxing Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China;
| | - Huayuan Ji
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China; (C.X.); (P.X.); (W.S.); (Q.S.); (H.J.)
| | - Xiaolian Chen
- Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Science, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200, China; (C.X.); (P.X.); (W.S.); (Q.S.); (H.J.)
| | - Zhiheng Zou
- Jiangxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Green and Healthy Breeding of Livestock and Poultry, Nanchang 330200, China
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Dal Bosco A, Cavallo M, Menchetti L, Angelucci E, Cartoni Mancinelli A, Vaudo G, Marconi S, Camilli E, Galli F, Castellini C, Mattioli S. The Healthy Fatty Index Allows for Deeper Insights into the Lipid Composition of Foods of Animal Origin When Compared with the Atherogenic and Thrombogenicity Indexes. Foods 2024; 13:1568. [PMID: 38790868 PMCID: PMC11120502 DOI: 10.3390/foods13101568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this research was to validate the effectiveness of the Healthy Fatty Index (HFI) regarding some foods of animal origin (meat, processed, fish, milk products, and eggs) typical of the Western diet and to compare these results with two consolidated indices (atherogenic-AI, and thrombogenic-TI) in the characterization of the nutritional features of their lipids. The fatty acids profile (% of total fatty acids and mg/100 g) of 60 foods, grouped in six subclasses, was used. The AI, TI, and HFI indexes were calculated, and the intraclass correlation coefficients and the degree of agreement were evaluated using different statistical approaches. The results demonstrated that HFI, with respect to AI and TI, seems better able to consider the complexity of the fatty acid profile and the different fat contents. HFI and AI are the two most diverse indices, and they can provide different food classifications. AI and IT exhibit only a fair agreement in regards to food classification, confirming that such indexes are always to be considered indissolubly and never separately, in contrast to the HFI, which can stand alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Dal Bosco
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (A.D.B.); (E.A.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Massimiliano Cavallo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Laura Menchetti
- School of Bioscience and Veterinary Medicine, University of Camerino, Via Circonvallazione 93/95, 62024 Matelica, Italy;
| | - Elisa Angelucci
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (A.D.B.); (E.A.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Alice Cartoni Mancinelli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (A.D.B.); (E.A.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Gaetano Vaudo
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Perugia, Piazzale Gambuli 1, 06132 Perugia, Italy; (M.C.); (G.V.)
| | - Stefania Marconi
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Emanuela Camilli
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, 00178 Rome, Italy; (S.M.); (E.C.)
| | - Francesco Galli
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, 06126 Perugia, Italy
| | - Cesare Castellini
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (A.D.B.); (E.A.); (A.C.M.)
| | - Simona Mattioli
- Department of Agricultural, Environmental and Food Science, University of Perugia, Borgo XX Giugno 74, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (A.D.B.); (E.A.); (A.C.M.)
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8
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Liu T, Bu Z, Xiang K, Jia Y, Du S. Effects of non-pelleted or pelleted low-native grass and pelleted high-native grass diets on meat quality by regulating the rumen microbiota in lambs. Microbiol Spectr 2024; 12:e0375823. [PMID: 38363135 PMCID: PMC10986533 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03758-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Diet modulates the rumen microbiota, which in turn can impact the animal performance. The rumen microbiota is increasingly recognized for its crucial role in regulating the growth and meat quality of the host. Nevertheless, the mechanism by which the rumen microbiome influences the fatty acid and amino acid profiles of lambs in the grass feeding system remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different native grass-based diets on animal performance, meat quality, fatty acid compositions, amino acid profiles, and rumen microbiota of lamb. Seventy-two Ujumqin lambs were randomly assigned into three treatments according to the initial body weight (27.39 ± 0.51 kg) and age (6 months ± 6 days). The lambs received three diets: (i) non-pelleted native grass hay with 40% concentrate diet; the native grass and concentrate were fed individually; (ii) pelleted native grass hay with 40% concentrate diet (PHLC); (iii) pelleted native grass hay with 60% concentrate diet (PHHC). The results showed that among the three groups, the PHHC and PHLC diets had markedly (P < 0.05) higher average daily gain and pH45 min, respectively. All amino acid levels were significantly (P < 0.05) decreased in the PHHC diet than in the PHLC diet. The principal coordinate analysis of the ruminal microbiota indicated the markedly distinct separation (P = 0.001) among the three groups. In addition, the correlation analysis showed that the Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, Succinivibrio, and Succiniclasticum were significantly (P < 0.05) associated with most of the fatty acid and amino acid profiles. The correlation analysis of the association of microbiome with the meat quality provides us with a comprehensive understanding of the composition and function of the rumen microbial community, and these findings will contribute to the direction of future research in lamb. IMPORTANCE Diet modulates the gut microbiome, which in turn impact the meat quality, yet few studies investigate the correlation between the rumen microbiome and the fatty acid profile of meat. Here, the current study develops an experiment to investigate the correlation of the rumen microbiome and fatty acid profile of meat: rumen microbiome responses to feed type and meat quality. The results indicated a unique microbiota in the rumen of lamb in response to diets and meat quality. Associations between utilization and production were widely identified among the affected microbiome and meat quality, and these findings will contribute to the direction of future research in lamb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Liu
- College of Agriculture, Inner Mongolia University of Nationalities, Tongliao, China
| | - Zhenkun Bu
- Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Agriculture Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agriculture Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Kaifeng Xiang
- Forest and Grassland Protection and Development Center, Chifeng, China
| | - Yushan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Shuai Du
- Key Laboratory of Forage Cultivation, Processing and High Efficient Utilization, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Grassland, Resources and Environment, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot, Inner Mongolia, China
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9
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Li Y, Feng Y, Chen X, He J, Luo Y, Yu B, Chen D, Huang Z. Dietary short-term supplementation of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract improves pork quality and promotes skeletal muscle fiber type conversion in finishing pigs. Meat Sci 2024; 210:109436. [PMID: 38266434 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2024.109436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Plant extracts are commonly used as feed additives to improve pork quality. However, due to their high cost, shortening the duration of supplement use can help reduce production costs. In this study, we aimed to investigate the effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin extract (GSPE) on meat quality and muscle fiber characteristics of finishing pigs during the late stage of fattening, which was 30 days in our experimental design. The results indicated that short-term dietary supplementation of GSPE significantly reduced backfat thickness, but increased loin eye area and improved meat color and tenderness. Moreover, GSPE increased slow myosin heavy chain (MyHC) expression and malate dehydrogenase (MDH) activity, while decreasing fast MyHC expression and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in the Longissimus thoracis (LT) muscle. Additionally, GSPE increased the expression of Sirt1 and PGC-1α proteins in the LT muscle of finishing pigs and upregulated AMP-activated protein kinase α 1 (AMPKα1), AMPKα2, nuclear respiratory factor 1 (NRF1), and calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase kinase β (CaMKKβ) mRNA expression levels. These findings suggest that even during the late stage of fattening, GSPE treatment can regulate skeletal muscle fiber type transformation through the AMPK signaling pathway, thereby affecting the muscle quality of finishing pigs. Therefore, by incorporating GSPE into the diet of pigs during the late stage of fattening, producers can enhance pork quality while reducing production costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiqiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Yadi Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Jun He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Yuheng Luo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Bing Yu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Daiwen Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China
| | - Zhiqing Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of China Ministry of Education, Institute of Animal Nutrition, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, PR China.
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10
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Szymanska I, Zbikowska A, Onacik-Gür S. New Insight into Food-Grade Emulsions: Candelilla Wax-Based Oleogels as an Internal Phase of Novel Vegan Creams. Foods 2024; 13:729. [PMID: 38472842 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/24/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cream-type emulsions containing candelilla wax-based oleogels (EC) were analyzed for their physicochemical properties compared to palm oil-based creams (EP). The microstructure, rheological behavior, stability, and color of the creams were determined by means of non-invasive and invasive techniques. All the formulations exhibited similar color parameters in CIEL*a*b* space, unimodal-like size distribution of lipid particles, and shear-thinning properties. Oleogel-based formulations were characterized by higher viscosity (consistency index: 172-305 mPa·s, macroscopic viscosity index: 2.19-3.08 × 10-5 nm-2) and elasticity (elasticity index: 1.09-1.45 × 10-3 nm-2), as well as greater resistance to centrifugal force compared to EP. Creams with 3, 4, or 5% wax (EC3-5) showed the lowest polydispersity indexes (PDI: 0.80-0.85) 24 h after production and the lowest instability indexes after environmental temperature changes (heating at 90 °C, or freeze-thaw cycle). EC5 had particularly high microstructural stability. In turn, candelilla wax content ≥ 6% w/w accelerated the destabilization processes of the cream-type emulsions due to disintegration of the interfacial layer by larger lipid crystals. It was found that candelilla wax-based lipids had great potential for use as palm oil substitutes in the development of novel vegan cream analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Szymanska
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zbikowska
- Department of Food Technology and Assessment, Institute of Food Science, Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, 159C Nowoursynowska Street, 02-776 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Onacik-Gür
- Department of Meat and Fat Technology, Prof. Waclaw Dabrowski Institute of Agriculture and Food Biotechnology-State Research Institute, 36 Rakowiecka Street, 02-532 Warsaw, Poland
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11
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Wang W, Chen H, Zhang W, Fan D, Deng J, Yang H. Ginsenoside Rk3 Ameliorates Obesity-Induced Colitis by Modulating Lipid Metabolism in C57BL/6 Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2997-3007. [PMID: 38300824 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c08253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
Lipid metabolism is closely related to obesity and its complications. Our previous study found that ginsenoside Rk3 (Rk3), a natural bioactive substance derived from ginseng, can effectively alleviate obesity-induced colitis, while its impact on the improvement of the lipid metabolism disorder remains unclear. Here, we demonstrated that Rk3 significantly alleviated inflammation, oxidative stress, and lipid dysregulation in high-fat diet-induced colitis C57BL/6 mice. The potential mechanism by which Rk3 mitigated colon inflammation in the context of obesity may involve the modulation of polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism with specific attention to n-6 fatty acids, linoleic acid, and arachidonic acid. Rk3 intervention markedly reduced the production of pro-inflammatory factors (PGE2, PGD2, TXB2, HETE, and HODE) by inhibiting cyclooxygenase and lipoxygenase pathways, while enhancing the production of anti-inflammatory factors (EET and diHOME) via cytochrome P450 pathways. Our findings suggest that Rk3 is a potential anti-inflammatory natural drug that can improve obesity-induced intestinal inflammation by regulating lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weimin Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Hongwei Chen
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Wenyuan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Daidi Fan
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
| | - Jianjun Deng
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Degradable Biomedical Materials, Shaanxi R&D Center of Biomaterials and Fermentation Engineering, Biotech & Biomed Research Institute, School of Chemical Engineering, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China
- State Key Laboratory of Vegetable Biobreeding, Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Haixia Yang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China
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12
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Zampouni K, Filippou A, Papadimitriou K, Katsanidis E. Evaluation of bigel systems as potential substitutes to partially replace pork backfat in semi-dry sausages. Meat Sci 2024; 208:109392. [PMID: 37979346 DOI: 10.1016/j.meatsci.2023.109392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
Bigels prepared with olive oil oleogels admixed with κ-carrageenan or κ-carrageenan and gelatin hydrogels (BG1 and BG2, respectively) were characterized with respect to microstructure and textural properties and were used as pork backfat alternatives in semi-dry sausages. Stable oleogel-in-hydrogel type bigels were formed, with BG2 having higher hardness values. Control sausages (CF) were formulated with 20% pork backfat and sausage treatments B1F and B2F had 50% of the pork backfat substituted by BG1 and BG2 bigels, respectively. Moisture, water activity, texture, microbial counts, sensorial and nutritional attributes of the resulting sausages were assessed during fermentation and after pasteurization and storage. Substituted sausages had increased weight loss, moisture, and water activity. Color evaluation revealed that the treatments with bigels exhibited the same trend in color formation and no differences were recorded in L* and a* values of the sausages. Total viable counts and lactic acid bacteria populations were not affected by the addition of bigel systems. Regarding the texture parameters, B2F semi-dry sausages exhibited similar values of hardness and cohesiveness to CF. Sausages formulated with bigels exhibited a reduction in energy (20%), fat (27%), saturated fatty acids (30%) and cholesterol (∼6%) content. B2F sausages had similar liking scores with CF, and they did not show any undesirable sensory attributes. The results demonstrate that bigels are a promising fat alternative to manufacture semi-dry meat products with lower fat content and a better nutritional profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Zampouni
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - A Filippou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - K Papadimitriou
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece
| | - E Katsanidis
- Department of Food Science and Technology, School of Agriculture, Faculty of Agriculture, Forestry and Natural Environment, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124, Greece.
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13
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Monteiro JP, Domingues MR, Calado R. Marine Animal Co-Products-How Improving Their Use as Rich Sources of Health-Promoting Lipids Can Foster Sustainability. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:73. [PMID: 38393044 PMCID: PMC10890326 DOI: 10.3390/md22020073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/26/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Marine lipids are recognized for their-health promoting features, mainly for being the primary sources of omega-3 fatty acids, and are therefore critical for human nutrition in an age when the global supply for these nutrients is experiencing an unprecedent pressure due to an ever-increasing demand. The seafood industry originates a considerable yield of co-products worldwide that, while already explored for other purposes, remain mostly undervalued as sustainable sources of healthy lipids, often being explored for low-value oil production. These co-products are especially appealing as lipid sources since, besides the well-known nutritional upside of marine animal fat, which is particularly rich in omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, they also have interesting bioactive properties, which may garner them further interest, not only as food, but also for other high-end applications. Besides the added value that these co-products may represent as valuable lipid sources, there is also the obvious ecological upside of reducing seafood industry waste. In this sense, repurposing these bioresources will contribute to a more sustainable use of marine animal food, reducing the strain on already heavily depleted seafood stocks. Therefore, untapping the potential of marine animal co-products as valuable lipid sources aligns with both health and environmental goals by guaranteeing additional sources of healthy lipids and promoting more eco-conscious practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Pedro Monteiro
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M. Rosário Domingues
- Centro de Espetrometria de Massa, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- CESAM, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Calado
- ECOMARE, CESAM, Departamento de Biologia, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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14
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Gao C, Qi M, Zhou Y. Chestnut tannin extract modulates growth performance and fatty acid composition in finishing Tan lambs by regulating blood antioxidant capacity, rumen fermentation, and biohydrogenation. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:23. [PMID: 38200507 PMCID: PMC10782739 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-023-03870-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Tannins as plant extracts have emerged as promising and potential alternatives for antibiotics in modern livestock cultivation systems. This study investigates the effect of dietary chestnut tannin extract (CTE) in finishing Tan lambs. Twenty-seven male Tan lambs were randomly divided into three groups: (1) control group (CON; basal diet); (2) low-dose CTE group (LCTE; basal diet + 2 g/kg CTE, dry matter [DM] basis); (3) high-dose CTE group (HCTE; basal diet + 4 g/kg CTE, DM basis). The HCTE group exhibited markedly higher average daily gain (ADG) and DM intake than CON (P < 0.01). The ruminal total volatile fatty acid concentration increased linearly with increasing CTE supplementation (P < 0.01), while the opposite trend was observed for butyrate molar proportion (P < 0.01). Upon increasing CTE dosage, plasma glucose, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase content increased linearly (P < 0.05), whereas low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and urea nitrogen decreased linearly or quadratically (P < 0.05), respectively. A linear increase was also observed in ruminal t6 C18:1 and t9, c12 C18:2 proportions (P < 0.01), and plasma C18:2n-6 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids proportions with increased CTE supplementation (P < 0.01). In the longissimus dorsi muscle, the atherogenic index decreased linearly (P < 0.05), while c11 C18:1 and C20:5n-3 increased linearly (P < 0.05). Moreover, c9, t11 conjugated linoleic acids proportion increased in subcutaneous fat with CTE supplementation (P < 0.01). In conclusion, Dietary CTE enhances the ADG of finishing Tan lambs in a dose-dependent manner, modulates plasma metabolites and antioxidant capacity, and improves rumen fermentation and body fatty acid composition. These results provide a reference for the rational application of CTE in ruminant production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Changpeng Gao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Mingjiang Qi
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Yuxiang Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Ningxia University, Yinchuan, China.
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15
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Yan CX, Zhang Y, Yang WQ, Ma W, Sun XM, Huang H. Universal and unique strategies for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acids in industrial oleaginous microorganisms. Biotechnol Adv 2024; 70:108298. [PMID: 38048920 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2023.108298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/06/2023]
Abstract
Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), especially docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (ARA), are beneficial for reducing blood cholesterol and enhancing memory. Traditional PUFA production relies on extraction from plants and animals, which is unsustainable. Thus, using microorganisms as lipid-producing factories holds promise as an alternative way for PUFA production. Several oleaginous microorganisms have been successfully industrialized to date. These can be divided into universal and specialized hosts according to the products range of biosynthesis. The Yarrowia lipolytica is universal oleaginous host that has been engineered to produce a variety of fatty acids, such as γ-linolenic acid (GLA), EPA, ARA and so on. By contrast, the specialized host are used to produce only certain fatty acids, such as ARA in Mortierella alpina, EPA in Nannochloropsis, and DHA in Thraustochytrids. The metabolic engineering and fermentation strategies for improving PUFA production in universal and specialized hosts are different, which is the subject of this review. In addition, the widely applicable strategies for microbial lipid production that are not specific to individual hosts were also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Xiao Yan
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Ying Zhang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen-Qian Yang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Wang Ma
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao-Man Sun
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China.
| | - He Huang
- School of Food Science and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Normal University, 2 Xuelin Road, Qixia District, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
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16
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Kang S, Gang G, Go GW. Ambivalence towards pork belly: exploring its significance and contradictions from the perspectives of the food industry and nutritional science. Food Sci Biotechnol 2024; 33:23-31. [PMID: 38186625 PMCID: PMC10767089 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01429-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Pork is the most consumed meat in South Korea, and pork belly is the preferred cut. However, pork production cannot meet the demand, leading to a heavy reliance on imports, particularly for pork bellies. In contrast, low-fat cuts face oversupply problems owing to low demand and export challenges. Pork belly fat content varies with breed, sex, growth rate, and fatty acid composition. Western countries favor higher fat saturation for processed products, whereas South Koreans prefer grilled or roasted bellies. Excessive consumption of high-fat pork cuts like pork belly, which is rich in saturated fatty acids, can increase the risk of severe diseases, highlighting the importance of reducing saturated fat intake and increasing the consumption of monounsaturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids to mitigate these risks. The pork industry and public health sector should diversify production, promote leaner pork, and raise awareness about the implications of excessive pork consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumin Kang
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
| | - Gyoungok Gang
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Pukyong National University, Busan, 48513 Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang-woong Go
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763 Republic of Korea
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17
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Zheng Y, Fang Y, Xu X, Ye W, Kang S, Yang K, Cao Y, Xu R, Zheng J, Wang H. Dietary saturated fatty acids increased all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in an elderly population: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Nutr Res 2023; 120:99-114. [PMID: 37952265 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2023.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The influence of dietary saturated fatty acids intake on human health and cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains debated. The aim of this study was to explore the association between dietary saturated fatty acid consumption and all-cause and CVD mortality among the elderly population. Data for the participants in this study were obtained from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey dataset spanning the years 2003 through 2008. Information regarding mortality and the follow-up duration were extracted from the 2019 public-use linked mortality files provided by the National Center for Health Statistics. A total of 3404 participants were included in this study. The ratio of dietary saturated fatty acids to total fat was associated with the mortality from all-cause, heart disease, and cerebrovascular disease after adjusting confounding factors (P < .05). For every 10% increase in the saturated fatty acids to total fat ratio, all-cause mortality increased by 24% (hazard ratio [HR], 1.24; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.13-1.37), the heart disease mortality increased by 26% (HR, 1.26; 95% CI, 1.05-1.52), and the cerebrovascular disease mortality increased by 67% (HR, 1.67; 95% CI, 1.14-2.45) at 10 years' follow-up. In addition, low dietary saturated fatty acids intake was associated with reduced mortality because of all-cause and heart disease after adjusting confounding factors (P < .05). In conclusion, in this elderly population, dietary saturated fatty acid intake was associated with all-cause mortality, heart disease mortality, and cerebrovascular disease mortality. Reducing saturated fatty acid intake in the diet may extend the survival rate for the elderly population. However, the difference of the effects of specific dietary saturated fatty acids with different chain lengths on mortality needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Fang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiru Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Woruo Ye
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Kang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ke Yang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Yunzhao Cao
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Rongxin Xu
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Junwu Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Han Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China; Jiangsu Province Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.
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18
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Lovell AL, Roy R, Klein A, Cavadino A, Foster M, Krebs JD, Braakhuis A, Merry TL. Habitual Dietary Patterns, Nutrient Intakes, and Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet among New Zealand Adults: The NZ MED Cross-Sectional Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:2663. [PMID: 37375568 DOI: 10.3390/nu15122663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
There is increasing evidence that adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern reduces the incidence of diet-related diseases. To date, the habitual dietary intake of New Zealand (NZ) adults has not been examined in relation to its alignment with a Mediterranean-style dietary pattern. This study aimed to define the habitual dietary patterns, nutrient intakes, and adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in a sample of 1012 NZ adults (86% female, mean age 48 ± 16 years) who had their diabetes risk defined by the Australian Type 2 Diabetes Risk Assessment Tool (AUSDRISK). Dietary intakes were collected using a validated semi-quantitative NZ food frequency questionnaire, and dietary patterns were identified using principal component analysis. Reported intakes from the FFQ were used in conjunction with the Mediterranean-Style Dietary Pattern Score (MSDPS) to determine adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern. Mixed linear models were used to analyze the association between dietary patterns and MSDPS with demographics, health factors, and nutrient intakes. Two distinct dietary patterns were identified: Discretionary (positive loadings on processed meat, meat/poultry, fast food, sweet drinks, and sugar, sweets, and baked good) and Guideline (positive loadings on vegetables, eggs/beans, and fruits). Adherence to dietary patterns and diet quality was associated with age and ethnicity. Dietary patterns were also associated with sex. Adherence to a Mediterranean dietary pattern defined by the MSDPS was low, indicating that a significant shift in food choices will be required if the Mediterranean Diet is to be adopted in the NZ population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy L Lovell
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition Ko Ngā Kai Whai Painga National Science Challenge, The Liggins Institute, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Rajshri Roy
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition Ko Ngā Kai Whai Painga National Science Challenge, The Liggins Institute, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Alana Klein
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Alana Cavadino
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Meika Foster
- High-Value Nutrition Ko Ngā Kai Whai Painga National Science Challenge, The Liggins Institute, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Edible Research Ltd., Canterbury 7692, New Zealand
| | - Jeremy D Krebs
- High-Value Nutrition Ko Ngā Kai Whai Painga National Science Challenge, The Liggins Institute, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- Department of Medicine, University of Otago, Wellington 6242, New Zealand
| | - Andrea Braakhuis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition Ko Ngā Kai Whai Painga National Science Challenge, The Liggins Institute, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
| | - Troy L Merry
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
- High-Value Nutrition Ko Ngā Kai Whai Painga National Science Challenge, The Liggins Institute, Auckland 1023, New Zealand
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19
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Peña A, Olson ML, Ayers SL, Sears DD, Vega-López S, Colburn AT, Shaibi GQ. Inflammatory Mediators and Type 2 Diabetes Risk Factors before and in Response to Lifestyle Intervention among Latino Adolescents with Obesity. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15112442. [PMID: 37299403 DOI: 10.3390/nu15112442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with chronic inflammation that may contribute to T2D among youth. We examined the association between inflammatory biomarkers and insulin sensitivity and β-cell function and response to lifestyle intervention among Latino youth with obesity. Latino youth (n = 64) were randomized to six months of lifestyle intervention (INT, n = 40) or usual care (UC, n = 24). INT included nutrition education and physical activity. UC involved meeting with a pediatric endocrinologist and registered dietitian to discuss healthy lifestyles. At baseline, multiple linear regression assessed fasting serum interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), high-molecular weight adiponectin (HMW Adpn), IL-10, IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1ra) as predictors of insulin sensitivity (whole-body insulin sensitivity index, WBISI) and β-cell function (oral disposition index, oDI). Changes in outcomes between groups were assessed using covariance pattern models. At baseline, MCP-1 (β ± SE, -0.12 ± 0.05, p = 0.027) and IL-1ra (-0.03 ± 0.01, p = 0.005) were negatively associated with WBISI. Treatment effects were not observed for inflammatory markers. WBISI was significantly increased among both INT (from 1.8 ± 0.2 to 2.6 ± 0.4, p = 0.005) and UC (from 1.6 ± 0.2 to 2.8 ± 0.5, p = 0.002) with no significant differences between the groups. Obesity-related inflammatory mediators were associated with T2D risk factors but were unaffected by lifestyle intervention among Latino youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Peña
- Department of Health and Wellness Design, School of Public Health-Bloomington, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN 47405, USA
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Micah L Olson
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
| | - Stephanie L Ayers
- Southwestern Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Dorothy D Sears
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Sonia Vega-López
- College of Health Solutions, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Southwestern Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Abigail T Colburn
- Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- John B. Pierce Laboratory, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Gabriel Q Shaibi
- Center for Health Promotion and Disease Prevention, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetes, Phoenix Children's Hospital, Phoenix, AZ 85016, USA
- Southwestern Interdisciplinary Research Center, Arizona State University, Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
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Li M, Huang X, Huang M, Jin W, Hong Z, Zhang Y, Fang H, Chen W. Effects of fatty acid-ethanol amine (FA-EA) derivatives on lipid accumulation and inflammation. Lipids 2023; 58:117-127. [PMID: 36942837 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of fatty acid-ethanol amine (FA-EA) derivatives (L1-L10) on the mitigation of intracellular lipid accumulation and downregulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines in vitro. First, the series of FA-EA derivatives were synthesized and characterized. Then, their cytotoxic, intracellular lipid accumulation and inhibition of pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated. The oil red O staining experiment showed that the tested compounds L4, L6, L8, L9, and L10 could reduce intracellular lipid accumulation induced by palmitic acid (PA). Moreover, ω-3/ω-6 PUFA-EA derivatives showed inhibitory effect on the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) -stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. ω-3/ω-6 PUFA-EA derivatives at a concentrations of 10 μM could significantly decrease mRNA levels of IL-6, IL-1β, and TNF-α, inhibit NO production, and alleviate the protein expression of IL-1β in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. These data suggest that ω-3 PUFA-EA derivatives can be beneficial for further pharmaceutical development to treat chronic low-grade inflammation diseases such as obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyu Li
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Xiaoqing Huang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
| | - Mengxian Huang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
- College of Biology and Environment, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo, 315100, China
| | - Wenhui Jin
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Zhuan Hong
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Yucang Zhang
- College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen, 361021, China
| | - Hua Fang
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen, 361102, China
| | - Weizhu Chen
- Third Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Technical Innovation Center for Utilization of Marine Biological Resources, Ministry of Natural Resources, Xiamen, 361005, China
- Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen, 361102, China
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21
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Dietary Fats and Cognitive Status in Italian Middle-Old Adults. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15061429. [PMID: 36986159 PMCID: PMC10054310 DOI: 10.3390/nu15061429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The increase in life expectancy led to a significant rise in the prevalence of age-related neurological diseases, such as cognitive impairment, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease. Although genetics certainly play a role, nutrition emerged as a key factor in maintaining optimal cognitive function among older adults. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate whether specific categories and subcategories of dietary fats, based on carbon-chain length, are associated with cognitive status in a cohort of 883 Italian participants over the age of 50. Methods: The intake of total, single class of dietary fat, such as saturated fatty acids (SFA), monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), and also single fatty acids grouped according to carbon-chain length, were evaluated by food frequency questionnaires (FFQs). Cognitive health was assessed using the short portable mental status questionnaire (SPMSQ). Results: After adjustment for potential confounding factors subjects with a moderate consumption of both short-chain SFA (for Q2 vs. Q1, OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.08, 0.66) and middle-chain SFA specifically lauric acid (C12:0) intake (for Q2 vs. Q1, OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.77) were less likely to suffer from cognitive impairment. Among single MUFAs, erucic acid (C22:1) intake resulted in an inverse association, in a linear way, with cognitive impairment (for Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.00, 0.39). Conversely, moderate intake of linoleic acid (C18:2) was associated with cognitive impairment (Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 4.59, 95% CI: 1.51, 13.94). Regarding other PUFAs, individuals consuming moderate intake alpha linolenic acid (C18:3) were less likely to have cognitive impairment (for Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 0.19, 95% CI: 0.06, 0.64). Conclusions: Total SFA intake appeared to be inversely associated with cognitive impairment. Regarding specific subtypes of fatty acids, the results mostly referred to short- and middle-chain SFA. Further studies are needed to validate the results of the present study.
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Effects of Pork Backfat Replacement with Emulsion Gels Formulated with a Mixture of Olive, Chia and Algae Oils on the Quality Attributes of Pork Patties. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030519. [PMID: 36766048 PMCID: PMC9914842 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper reports on the development of new emulsion gels containing a mixture of olive, chia and algae oil emulsified with soy protein isolate and stabilized by two different cold gelling agents, gelatin (EGEL) and chitosan (ECHIT), and to evaluate their potential use as pork backfat replacers in cooked pork patties. Reformulated patties were produced by half and full pork backfat replacement and compared to normal fat patties and reduced fat content patties made by replacing half of the added fat with water. Color parameters, pH and thermal stability of the emulsion gels were determined at processing and after 10 days of refrigerated storage. Proximate composition, fatty acid profile, technological properties and sensory attributes were evaluated after patty processing, while color parameters, pH and lipid oxidation were monitored in patties during 15 days of refrigerated storage (4 °C). Reformulated patties showed significant improvements of the lipid profile (lower saturated fatty acid content and n-6/n-3 ratio and higher long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid content) as compared to the controls. In terms of technological properties, chitosan was more effective than gelatin as a stabilizer of the emulsion gel. All reformulated patties showed a good evolution of lipid oxidation during storage and acceptable sensory attributes.
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23
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García‐Gavilán J, Nishi SK, Paz‐Graniel I, Guasch‐Ferré M, Razquin C, Clish CB, Toledo E, Ruiz‐Canela M, Corella D, Deik A, Drouin‐Chartier J, Wittenbecher C, Babio N, Estruch R, Ros E, Fitó M, Arós F, Fiol M, Serra‐Majem L, Liang L, Martínez‐González MA, Hu FB, Salas‐Salvadó J. Plasma Metabolite Profiles Associated with the Amount and Source of Meat and Fish Consumption and the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2022; 66:e2200145. [PMID: 36214069 PMCID: PMC9722604 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Consumption of meat has been associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (T2D), but if plasma metabolite profiles associated with these foods reflect this relationship is unknown. The objective is to identify a metabolite signature of consumption of total meat (TM), red meat (RM), processed red meat (PRM), and fish and examine if they are associated with T2D risk. METHODS AND RESULTS The discovery population includes 1833 participants from the PREDIMED trial. The internal validation sample includes 1522 participants with available 1-year follow-up metabolomic data. Associations between metabolites and TM, RM, PRM, and fish are evaluated with elastic net regression. Associations between the profiles and incident T2D are estimated using Cox regressions. The profiles included 72 metabolites for TM, 69 for RM, 74 for PRM, and 66 for fish. After adjusting for T2D risk factors, only profiles of TM (Hazard Ratio (HR): 1.25, 95% CI: 1.06-1.49), RM (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.07-1.52), and PRM (HR: 1.27, 95% CI: 1.07-1.51) are associated with T2D. CONCLUSIONS The consumption of TM, its subtypes, and fish is associated with different metabolites, some of which have been previously associated with T2D. Scores based on the identified metabolites for TM, RM, and PRM show a significant association with T2D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús García‐Gavilán
- Departament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUnitat de Nutrició Humana, Hospital Universitari San Joan de ReusUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReus43202Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)Reus43204Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
| | - Stephanie K. Nishi
- Departament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUnitat de Nutrició Humana, Hospital Universitari San Joan de ReusUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReus43202Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)Reus43204Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
- Toronto 3D (Diet, Digestive Tract and Disease) Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials UnitTorontoONM5C 2T2Canada
- Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification CentreSt. Michael's Hospital, Unity Health TorontoTorontoONM5C 2T2Canada
| | - Indira Paz‐Graniel
- Departament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUnitat de Nutrició Humana, Hospital Universitari San Joan de ReusUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReus43202Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)Reus43204Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
| | - Marta Guasch‐Ferré
- Department of NutritionHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA02115USA
- Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
| | - Cristina Razquin
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA)University of NavarraPamplona31008Spain
| | | | - Estefanía Toledo
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA)University of NavarraPamplona31008Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz‐Canela
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA)University of NavarraPamplona31008Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
- Department of Preventive MedicineUniversity of ValenciaValencia46020Spain
| | - Amy Deik
- The Broad Institute of Harvard and MITBostonMA02142USA
| | - Jean‐Philippe Drouin‐Chartier
- Centre Nutrition, Santé et Société, Institut sur la Nutrition et les Aliments FonctionnelsFaculté de Pharmacie, Université LavalQuébecG1V 0A6Canada
| | - Clemens Wittenbecher
- Department of NutritionHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA02115USA
- Department of Molecular EpidemiologyGerman Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam‐Rehbruecke14558NuthetalGermany
- German Center for Diabetes Research85764NeuherbergGermany
| | - Nancy Babio
- Departament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUnitat de Nutrició Humana, Hospital Universitari San Joan de ReusUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReus43202Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)Reus43204Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
| | - Ramon Estruch
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
- Department of Internal Medicine, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi SunyerHospital ClinicUniversity of BarcelonaBarcelona08036Spain
| | - Emilio Ros
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
- Lipid Clinic, Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Agust Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS)Hospital Clinic, University of BarcelonaBarcelona08036Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
- Cardiovascular and Nutrition Research GroupInstitut de Recerca Hospital del MarBarcelona08003Spain
| | - Fernando Arós
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
- Department of CardiologyUniversity Hospital of AlavaVitoria01009Spain
| | - Miquel Fiol
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
- Health Research Institute of the Balearic Islands (Idisba)University of Balearic Islands and Hospital Son EspasesPalma de Mallorca07122Spain
| | - Lluís Serra‐Majem
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
- Research Institute of Biomedical and Health Sciences IUIBSUniversity of Las Palmas de Gran CanariaLas Palmas35001Spain
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA02115USA
- Department of StatisticsHarvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA02115USA
| | - Miguel A. Martínez‐González
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
- Department of NutritionHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA02115USA
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Navarra Health Research Institute (IDISNA)University of NavarraPamplona31008Spain
| | - Frank B. Hu
- Department of NutritionHarvard TH Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA02115USA
- Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of MedicineBrigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMA02115USA
- Department of EpidemiologyHarvard T. H. Chan School of Public HealthBostonMA02115USA
| | - Jordi Salas‐Salvadó
- Departament de Bioquímica i BiotecnologiaUnitat de Nutrició Humana, Hospital Universitari San Joan de ReusUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliReus43202Spain
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV)Reus43204Spain
- Consorcio CIBER, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn)Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII)Madrid28029Spain
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Fermented mixed feed alters growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality and muscle fatty acid and amino acid profiles in finishing pigs. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2022; 12:87-95. [PMID: 36632618 PMCID: PMC9822949 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 08/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of fermented mixed feed (FMF) on growth performance, carcass traits, meat quality, muscle amino acid and fatty acid composition and mRNA expression levels of genes related to lipid metabolism in finishing pigs. In the present study, 144 finishing pigs (Duroc × Berkshire × Jiaxing Black) were randomly allocated to 3 dietary treatments with 4 replicate pens per group and 12 pigs per pen. The dietary treatments included a basal diet (CON), a basal diet + 5% FMF and a basal diet + 10% FMF. The experiment lasted 38 d after 4 d of acclimation. The results showed that 5% and 10% FMF significantly increased the average daily gain (ADG) of the females but not the males (P < 0.05), but FMF supplementation showed no impact on carcass traits. Moreover, 10% FMF supplementation increased the meat color45 min and meat color24 h values, while it decreased the shear force relative to CON (P < 0.05). In addition, 10% FMF significantly increased the contents of flavor amino acids (FAA), total essential AA (EAA), total non-EAA (NEAA) and total AA relative to CON (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the diet supplemented with 10% FMF significantly increased the concentration of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), n-6 PUFA and total PUFA, and the PUFA to saturated fatty acids ratio (P < 0.05), suggesting that FMF supplementation increased meat quality. Moreover, compared with the CON, 10% FMF supplementation increased the mRNA expression of lipogenic genes, including CEBPα, PPARγ, SREBP1 and FABP4, and upregulated the expression of unsaturated fatty acid synthesis (ACAA1 and FADS2). Together, our results suggest that 10% FMF dietary supplementation improved the female pigs' growth performance, improved the meat quality and altered the profiles of muscle fatty acids and amino acids in finishing pigs. This study provides a reference for the production of high-quality pork.
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Villarreal-Renteria AI, Herrera-Echauri DD, Rodríguez-Rocha NP, Zuñiga LY, Muñoz-Valle JF, García-Arellano S, Bernal-Orozco MF, Macedo-Ojeda G. Effect of flaxseed (Linum usitatissimum) supplementation on glycemic control and insulin resistance in prediabetes and type 2 diabetes: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement Ther Med 2022; 70:102852. [PMID: 35843472 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctim.2022.102852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prediabetes and type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) are characterized by increased blood sugar concentration and insulin resistance. Although there are only a few reports of potential benefits of flaxseed's consumption on different metabolic parameters, there is no evidence of its effect among people with these conditions. OBJECTIVES The present systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to assess the effect of flaxseed supplementation on glycemic control variables and insulin resistance in prediabetes and T2DM. METHODS A literature search was conducted through PubMed, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), and Web of Science, to identify Randomized Control Trials (RCTs) that evaluated the effect of milled or ground flaxseed supplementation on fasting blood glucose, HbA1c, insulin concentrations, or HOMA-IR. The data were analyzed using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis (CMA) software version 3.3 in a fixed-effect model. RESULTS Seven studies were included in the systematic review and the meta-analysis, the results showed a significant reduction on fasting blood sugar (SMD: -0.392, 95% CI: -0.596, -0.187, p = <0.001, I2 = 64.81%) insulin concentrations, (SMD: -0.287, 95% CI: -0.534, -0.041, p = 0.022, I2 = 32.53%), HbA1c (SMD: -0.442, 95% CI: -0.770, -0.114, p = 0.008, I2 = 11.058%), and HOMA-IR (SMD: -0.284, 95% CI: -0.530, -0.038, p = 0.024, I2 = 0.00%) after flaxseed supplementation. CONCLUSIONS Flaxseed supplementation seems to improve glycemic control variables and insulin resistance in prediabetes and T2DM; however, more RCTs are needed to have more decisive evidence about doses, method of supplementation, and the possible effect of synergy with the dietetic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Isabel Villarreal-Renteria
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences (IICB), University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Translational Nutritional Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco México Guadalajara, Mexico.
| | - Dulce Daniela Herrera-Echauri
- Department of Public Health, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS) University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Norma Patricia Rodríguez-Rocha
- Translational Nutritional Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco México Guadalajara, Mexico; Department of Public Health, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS) University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - Laura Yareni Zuñiga
- Department of Health and Disease, University Center of Tonala (CUT), University of Guadalajara, 555 Nuevo Periferico, ZC 45425 Tonala, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - José Francisco Muñoz-Valle
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences (IICB), University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Translational Nutritional Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco México Guadalajara, Mexico.
| | - Samuel García-Arellano
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences (IICB), University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
| | - María Fernanda Bernal-Orozco
- Translational Nutritional Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco México Guadalajara, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Macedo-Ojeda
- Institute of Research in Biomedical Sciences (IICB), University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico; Translational Nutritional Sciences, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS), University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco México Guadalajara, Mexico; Department of Public Health, University Center for Health Sciences (CUCS) University of Guadalajara, 950 Sierra Mojada, ZC 44340 Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico.
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Lang T, Frank O, Lang R, Hofmann T, Behrens M. Activation Spectra of Human Bitter Taste Receptors Stimulated with Cyclolinopeptides Corresponding to Fresh and Aged Linseed Oil. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4382-4390. [PMID: 35364812 PMCID: PMC9011397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c00976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Linseed oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids, and its increased consumption could aid in health-promoting nutrition. However, rapid oxidation of linseed oil and concomitant development of bitterness impair consumers' acceptance. Previous research revealed that cyclolinopeptides, a group of cyclic peptides inherent to linseed oil, dominantly contribute to the observed bitterness. In the present study, fresh and stored linseed oil and flaxseed were analyzed for the presence of cyclolinopeptides using preparative high-performance liquid chromatography combined with mass spectrometry- and nuclear magnetic resonance-based identification and quantification. The purified compounds were tested for the activation of all 25 human bitter taste receptors of which only two responded exclusively to methionine-oxidized cyclolinopeptides. Of those, the methionine sulfoxide-containing cyclolinopeptide-4 elicited responses at relevant concentrations. We conclude that this compound is the main determinant of linseed oil's bitterness and propose strategies to reduce the development of bitterness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatjana Lang
- Leibniz
Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical
University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Chair
of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Oliver Frank
- Chair
of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Roman Lang
- Leibniz
Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical
University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
- Chair
of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Thomas Hofmann
- Chair
of Food Chemistry and Molecular Sensory Science, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - Maik Behrens
- Leibniz
Institute for Food Systems Biology, Technical
University of Munich, Lise-Meitner-Str. 34, 85354 Freising, Germany
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Oh SH, Lee CY, Song DH, Kim HW, Jin SK, Song YM. Effects of the slaughter weight of non-lean finishing pigs on their
carcass characteristics and meat quality. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022; 64:353-364. [PMID: 35530398 PMCID: PMC9039950 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2022.e18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed to assess the feasibility of increasing the slaughter
weight (SW) of non-lean finishing pigs to improve their meat quality. A total of
36 (Landrace × Yorkshire) × Duroc gilts and barrows were
slaughtered at 115 (Av), 125 (Hi), or 135 (XHi) kg, followed by physicochemical
analyses and sensory evaluation on their longissimus dorsi (LD)
and Semimembranosus (SM) muscles. Backfat thickness was greater
(p < 0.05) for the XHi (31.2 mm) and Hi (29.3 mm)
groups than for Av (25.0 mm). Dressing percentage and yield of the belly per
whole carcass were also slightly greater for XHi and Hi vs. Av. The
intramuscular fat (IMF) content of SM was greater for XHi (2.64%) than for Av
(1.83%) and Hi (2.04%) and also was correlated with SW (r =
0.55). The pH value, lightness, redness, drip loss, shear force, and moisture
and protein contents of LD and SM, as well as IMF content of LD, were unaffected
by SW. Percentages of 14:0, 16:0, and total saturated fatty acids (FA) were less
for Hi and XHi vs. Av in SM, those of total unsaturated FA, 18:2, 20:4, and n-6
being opposite; FA composition of LM was not influenced by SW except for a
reduced 18:0 percentage for XHi vs. Av. The sensory score was less for XHi vs.
Av for odor in fresh LD and SM, and less for Hi and XHi vs. Av for aroma in
fresh LM; scores for color, drip loss, marbling, and acceptability were
unaffected by SW. As for cooked muscles, none of the scores for color, aroma,
flavor, juiciness, tenderness, and acceptability was affected by SW, except for
a greater LD color score for Hi and XHi vs. Av. Collectively, the results
suggested that the increased yield of the carcass and belly due to increased SW
is outbalanced negatively by excessive backfat deposition in production
efficiency, whereas the SW increase exerts little influence on overall sensory
quality of fresh or cooked meat. Production of non-lean market pigs overweighing
115 kg therefore will be uneconomical unless consumers pay a substantial premium
for the over-fattened pork.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Hyon Oh
- Department of Animal Resources Technology,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Chul Young Lee
- Department of Animal Resources Technology,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Dong-Heon Song
- Animal Science and Biotechnology,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Hyun-Wook Kim
- Animal Science and Biotechnology,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Sang Keun Jin
- Department of Animal Resources Technology,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
| | - Young-Min Song
- Department of Animal Resources Technology,
Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725, Korea
- Corresponding author: Young-Min Song, Departments
of Animal Resources Technology, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52725,
Korea. Tel: +82-55-751-3282, E-mail:
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Linseed, Baru, and Coconut Oils: NMR-Based Metabolomics, Leukocyte Infiltration Potential In Vivo, and Their Oil Characterization. Are There Still Controversies? Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061161. [PMID: 35334818 PMCID: PMC8950264 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Different fatty acid proportions produce potential inflammatory and metabolic changes in organisms. However, the evidence for how each fatty acid mediates the metabolic pathway, and its lipid stability remains controversial. To resolve this controversy, the present study investigated the metabolic effects of cold-pressed linseed (LG), coconut (CG), and baru (BG) oils in comparison to those of soybean oil (SG) in mice, in terms of their oil characterization and stability. The quality analysis showed less oxidative behavior among PUFA-rich oils (SO, BO, and LO, with induction periods lower than 2 h compared to 39.8 h for CG), besides the high contents of tocopherols and carotenoids in SG and LG. In the experimental study, CG presented higher triglyceride (257.93 ± 72.30) and VLDL-cholesterol levels (51.59 ± 14.46, p < 0.05), while LG reduced LDL levels (59.29 ± 7.56, p < 0.05) when compared to SG (183.14 ± 22.06, 36.63 ± 4.41 and 131.63 ± 29.0, respectively). For visceral fats, the adiposity index was lower for BG (7.32 ± 3.13) and CG (9.58 ± 1.02, p < 0.05) in relation to SG (12.53 ± 2.80), and for leukocyte recruitment, CG presented lower polymorphonuclear (PMN) (p < 0.0001) and mononuclear (MN) (p < 0.05) cell infiltration, demonstrating anti-inflammatory potential. In NMR-based metabolomics, although CG presented higher values for the glucose, lactate, and LDL/VLDL ratio, this group also evidenced high levels of choline, a lipotropic metabolite. Our study emphasized the controversies of saturated fatty acids, which impair serum lipids, while alfa-linolenic acid presented cardioprotective effects. However, coconut oil also has a positive immunomodulatory pathway and was found to reduce visceral bodyfat in mice. Therefore, for future applications, we suggest a combination of lauric and al-fa-linolenic acid sources, which are present in coconut and linseed oil, respectively. This combination could be less obesogenic and inflammatory and exert cardioprotective action.
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Intake of n-3 LCPUFA and trans-fatty acids is unrelated to development in body mass index and body fat among children. BMC Nutr 2022; 8:1. [PMID: 34980278 PMCID: PMC8722340 DOI: 10.1186/s40795-021-00493-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The number of children and adolescents with obesity has increased worldwide. Some studies have found an increase in the intake of n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LCPUFA) to be beneficial for weight and obesity status. The objectives of this study were to examine if intake of trans-fatty acids (TFA) and n-3 LCPUFA at school start was associated with weight and body fat development in the following 3 and 7 years, and if substituting other fats for n-3 LCPUFA in regression models influenced weight and body fat development. METHODS A total of 285 children (boys:130, girls:155) were included in this study. Weight, height and skinfold thickness (SF) of children were measured at age 6, 9 and 13 years by trained research personnel. Multivariate linear regression models were used to investigate the associations between n-3 LCPUFA or TFA intake and subsequent changes in body mass index (BMI) or SF. To investigate substitution effects, we constructed regression models including information on n-3 LCPUFA and all other energy given components of the diet, except for the nutrient to be substituted (all other fats and specific subgroups; saturated fatty acids (SFAs), monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFAs) and other polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs)). RESULTS No significant associations were observed between intake of TFA or n-3 LCPUFA and changes in BMI and SF. Also, results from regression analysis showed substituting other fats for n-3 LCPUFA did not associate with BMI or SF development. CONCLUSION The lack of associations between n-3 LCPUFA and TFA and adiposity suggests that fat composition in the diet does not play a major role in obesity development among school-aged children.
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30
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YANG L, YANG C, SONG ZX, WAN M, XIA H, XU D, PAN D, WANG SK, SHU G, SUN G. Effects of blended oils with different n-6/n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios on high-fat diet-induced metabolic disorders and hepatic steatosis in rats. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/fst.81322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Zhi Xiu SONG
- Nanjing University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
| | | | | | | | - Da PAN
- Southeast University, China
| | | | - Guofang SHU
- Zhongda Hospital of Southeast University, China
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31
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Liepinsh E, Kuka J, Vilks K, Svalbe B, Stelfa G, Vilskersts R, Sevostjanovs E, Goldins NR, Groma V, Grinberga S, Plaas M, Makrecka-Kuka M, Dambrova M. Low cardiac content of long-chain acylcarnitines in TMLHE knockout mice prevents ischaemia-reperfusion-induced mitochondrial and cardiac damage. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 177:370-380. [PMID: 34728372 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Increased tissue content of long-chain acylcarnitines may induce mitochondrial and cardiac damage by stimulating ROS production. N6-trimethyllysine dioxygenase (TMLD) is the first enzyme in the carnitine/acylcarnitine biosynthesis pathway. Inactivation of the TMLHE gene (TMLHE KO) in mice is expected to limit long-chain acylcarnitine synthesis and thus induce a cardio- and mitochondria-protective phenotype. TMLHE gene deletion in male mice lowered acylcarnitine concentrations in blood and cardiac tissues by up to 85% and decreased fatty acid oxidation by 30% but did not affect muscle and heart function in mice. Metabolome profile analysis revealed increased levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and a global shift in fatty acid content from saturated to unsaturated lipids. In the risk area of ischemic hearts in TMLHE KO mouse, the OXPHOS-dependent respiration rate and OXPHOS coupling efficiency were fully preserved. Additionally, the decreased long-chain acylcarnitine synthesis rate in TMLHE KO mice prevented ischaemia-reperfusion-induced ROS production in cardiac mitochondria. This was associated with a 39% smaller infarct size in the TMLHE KO mice. The arrest of the acylcarnitine biosynthesis pathway in TMLHE KO mice prevents ischaemia-reperfusion-induced damage in cardiac mitochondria and decreases infarct size. These results confirm that the decreased accumulation of ROS-increasing fatty acid metabolism intermediates prevents mitochondrial and cardiac damage during ischaemia-reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edgars Liepinsh
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str 21, Riga, LV1006, Latvia.
| | - Janis Kuka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str 21, Riga, LV1006, Latvia
| | - Karlis Vilks
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str 21, Riga, LV1006, Latvia
| | - Baiba Svalbe
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str 21, Riga, LV1006, Latvia
| | - Gundega Stelfa
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str 21, Riga, LV1006, Latvia
| | - Reinis Vilskersts
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str 21, Riga, LV1006, Latvia; Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Str 16, Riga, LV1007, Latvia
| | - Eduards Sevostjanovs
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str 21, Riga, LV1006, Latvia
| | | | - Valerija Groma
- Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Str 16, Riga, LV1007, Latvia
| | - Solveiga Grinberga
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str 21, Riga, LV1006, Latvia
| | - Mario Plaas
- Laboratory Animal Center, University of Tartu, Ravila 14b, Tartu, 50411, Estonia
| | - Marina Makrecka-Kuka
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str 21, Riga, LV1006, Latvia
| | - Maija Dambrova
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Aizkraukles Str 21, Riga, LV1006, Latvia; Riga Stradins University, Dzirciema Str 16, Riga, LV1007, Latvia
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32
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Badar IH, Liu H, Chen Q, Xia X, Kong B. Future trends of processed meat products concerning perceived healthiness: A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:4739-4778. [PMID: 34378319 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2021] [Revised: 06/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 21st-century consumer is highly demanding when it comes to the health benefits of food and food products. In the pursuit of attracting these consumers and easing the rise in demand for high-quality meat products, the processed meat sector is intensely focused on developing reformulated, low-fat, healthy meat products. Meat and meat products are considered the primary sources of saturated fatty acids in the human diet. Therefore, these reformulation strategies aim to improve the fatty acid profile and reduce total fat and cholesterol, which can be achieved by replacing animal fat with plant-based oils; it could be performed as direct inclusion of these oils or pre-emulsified oils. However, emulsions offer a viable option for incorporating vegetable oils while avoiding the multiple issues of direct inclusion of these oils in meat products. Processed meat products are popular worldwide and showing a gradually increasing trend of consumption. Various types of plant-based oils have been studied as fat replacers in meat products. This review will focus on possible methods to reduce the saturated fatty acid content in meat products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iftikhar Hussain Badar
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China.,Department of Meat Science and Technology, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Haotian Liu
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Qian Chen
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiufang Xia
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
| | - Baohua Kong
- College of Food Science, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, China
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33
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Liput KP, Lepczyński A, Ogłuszka M, Nawrocka A, Poławska E, Grzesiak A, Ślaska B, Pareek CS, Czarnik U, Pierzchała M. Effects of Dietary n-3 and n-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Inflammation and Cancerogenesis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:6965. [PMID: 34203461 PMCID: PMC8268933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary recommendation encourages reducing saturated fatty acids (SFA) in diet and replacing them with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) n-3 (omega-3) and n-6 (omega-6) to decrease the risk of metabolic disturbances. Consequently, excessive n-6 PUFAs content and high n-6/n-3 ratio are found in Western-type diet. The importance of a dietary n-6/n-3 ratio to prevent chronic diseases is linked with anti-inflammatory functions of linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3n-3) and longer-chain n-3 PUFAs. Thus, this review provides an overview of the role of oxylipins derived from n-3 PUFAs and oxylipins formed from n-6 PUFAs on inflammation. Evidence of PUFAs' role in carcinogenesis was also discussed. In vitro studies, animal cancer models and epidemiological studies demonstrate that these two PUFA groups have different effects on the cell growth, proliferation and progression of neoplastic lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila P. Liput
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
- Department of Molecular Biology, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Adam Lepczyński
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. K. Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Magdalena Ogłuszka
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Agata Nawrocka
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
- Department of Experimental Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland
| | - Ewa Poławska
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
| | - Agata Grzesiak
- Department of Physiology, Cytobiology and Proteomics, West Pomeranian University of Technology, ul. K. Janickiego 29, 71-270 Szczecin, Poland; (A.L.); (A.G.)
| | - Brygida Ślaska
- Institute of Biological Bases of Animal Production, Faculty of Animal Sciences and Bioeconomy, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 13, 20-950 Lublin, Poland;
| | - Chandra S. Pareek
- Department of Basic and Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. J. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland;
- Division of Functional Genomics in Biological and Biomedical Research, Centre for Modern Interdisciplinary Technologies, Nicolaus Copernicus University, ul. Wilenska 4, 87-100 Torun, Poland
| | - Urszula Czarnik
- Department of Pig Breeding, Faculty of Animal Bio-Engineering, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, ul. M. Oczapowskiego 5, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Mariusz Pierzchała
- Department of Genomics and Biodiversity, Institute of Genetics and Animal Biotechnology of the Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Postepu 36A, Jastrzebiec, 05-552 Magdalenka, Poland; (K.P.L.); (M.O.); (A.N.); (E.P.)
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Lane KE, Wilson M, Hellon TG, Davies IG. Bioavailability and conversion of plant based sources of omega-3 fatty acids - a scoping review to update supplementation options for vegetarians and vegans. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:4982-4997. [PMID: 33576691 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1880364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Omega-3 (n-3) fatty acids offer a plethora of health benefits with the majority of evidence showing beneficial effects from marine sources of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Emerging research examines the effects of n-3 dietary intakes on blood markers of vegetarians and vegans, but official guidance for plant based marine alternatives is yet to reach consensus. This scoping review provides an overview of trials investigating bioavailability of plant n-3 oils including EPA and DHA conversion. Searches of MEDLINE, PubMed, CINAHL and clinical trial registers identified randomized controlled trials from January 2010 to September 2020. The 'Omega-3 index' (EPA + DHA (O3I)), was used to compare n-3 status, metabolic conversion and bioavailability. Two reviewers independently screened articles and extracted data on outcomes. From 639 identified articles, screening and eligibility checks gave 13 articles. High dose flaxseed or echium seed oil supplements, provided no increases to O3I and some studies showed reductions. However, microalgal oil supplementation increased O3I levels for all studies. Findings indicate preliminary advice for vegetarians and vegans is regular consumption of preformed EPA and DHA supplements may help maintain optimal O3I. Further studies should establish optimum EPA and DHA ratios and dosages in vegetarian and vegan populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie E Lane
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | - Megan Wilson
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, UK
| | - Teuta G Hellon
- School of Medicine, University of Central Lancashire, Liverpool, UK
| | - Ian G Davies
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, Research Institute for Sport and Exercise Sciences, Liverpool, UK
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35
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Circulating fatty acid profiles are associated with protein energy wasting in maintenance hemodialysis patients: a cross-sectional study. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1416. [PMID: 33446880 PMCID: PMC7809126 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80812-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 12/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic impact of circulating fatty acids (FAs) in patients requiring hemodialysis (HD) is unknown. We investigated the associations between plasma triglyceride (TG) FAs and markers of inflammation, insulin resistance, nutritional status and body composition. Plasma TG-FAs were measured using gas chromatography in 341 patients on HD (age = 55.2 ± 14.0 years and 54.3% males). Cross-sectional associations of TG-FAs with 13 markers were examined using multivariate linear regression adjusted for potential confounders. Higher levels of TG saturated fatty acids were associated with greater body mass index (BMI, r = 0.230), waist circumference (r = 0.203), triceps skinfold (r = 0.197), fat tissue index (r = 0.150), serum insulin (r = 0.280), and homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (r = 0.276), but lower malnutrition inflammation score (MIS, r = − 0.160). Greater TG monounsaturated fatty acid levels were associated with lower lean tissue index (r = − 0.197) and serum albumin (r = − 0.188), but higher MIS (r = 0.176). Higher levels of TG n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were associated with lower MIS (r = − 0.168) and interleukin-6 concentrations (r = − 0.115). Higher levels of TG n-6 PUFAs were associated with lower BMI (r = − 0.149) but greater serum albumin (r = 0.112). In conclusion, TG monounsaturated fatty acids were associated with poor nutritional status, while TG n-3 PUFAs were associated with good nutritional status. On the other hand, TG saturated fatty acids and TG n-6 PUFAs had both favorable and unfavorable associations with nutritional parameters.
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In vitro antagonistic inhibitory effects of palm seed crude oils and their main constituent, lauric acid, with oxacillin in Staphylococcus aureus. Sci Rep 2021; 11:177. [PMID: 33420288 PMCID: PMC7794437 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80481-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus are a serious global threat, and with the emergence of antibiotic resistance, even more difficult to treat. One of the possible complications in antistaphylococcal therapy represents negative interactions of antibiotics with food. In this study, the in vitro interaction between oxacillin and crude palm seed oil from Astrocaryum vulgare, Cocos nucifera, and Elaeis guineensis against nine strains of S. aureus was determined using the checkerboard method. Lauric acid was identified as a major constituent of all tested oils by gas chromatography. The results showed strong concentration dependent antagonistic interactions between palm oils and oxacillin with values of fractional inhibitory concentrations indices ranging from 4.02 to 8.56 at concentrations equal or higher than 1024 µg/mL of the tested oils. Similarly, lauric acid in combination with oxacillin produced antagonistic action with fractional inhibitory concentration indices ranging from 4.01 to 4.28 at 1024 µg/mL. These findings suggest that interference between oxacillin and palm oils and their constituents can negatively affect the treatment of staphylococcal infections in humans and other animals.
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37
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Liu X, Zhao K, Jing N, Zhao Y, Yang X. EGCG regulates fatty acid metabolism of high-fat diet-fed mice in association with enrichment of gut Akkermansia muciniphila. J Funct Foods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2020.104261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
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38
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A high fat diet with a high C18:0/C16:0 ratio induced worse metabolic and transcriptomic profiles in C57BL/6 mice. Lipids Health Dis 2020; 19:172. [PMID: 32693810 PMCID: PMC7372854 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-020-01346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Differential effects of individual saturated fatty acids (SFAs), particularly stearic acid (C18:0), relative to the shorter-chain SFAs have drawn interest for more accurate nutritional guidelines. However, specific biologic and pathologic functions that can be assigned to particular SFAs are very limited. The present study was designed to compare changes in metabolic and transcriptomic profiles in mice caused by a high C18:0 diet and high palmitic acid (C16:0) diet. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were assigned to a normal fat diet (NFD), a high fat diet with high C18:0/C16:0 ratio (HSF) or an isocaloric high fat diet with a low C18:0/C16:0 ratio (LSF) for 10 weeks. An oral glucose tolerance test, 72-h energy expenditure measurement and CT scan of body fat were done before sacrifice. Fasting glucose and lipids were determined by an autobiochemical analyzer. Blood insulin, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels were measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay methods. Free fatty acids (FFAs) profiles in blood and liver were determined by using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Microarray analysis was applied to investigate changes in transcriptomic profiles in the liver. Pathway analysis and gene ontology analysis were applied to describe the roles of differentially expressed mRNAs. RESULTS Compared with the NFD group, body weight, body fat ratio, fasting blood glucose, insulin, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), triglyceride, IL-6, serum and liver FFAs including total FFAs, C16:0 and C18:0 were increased in both high fat diet groups and were much higher in the HSF group than those in the LSF group. Both HSF and LSF mice exhibited distinguishable long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), microRNA and mRNA expression profiles when compared with those of NFD mice. Additionally, more differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs were observed in the HSF group than in the LSF group. Some biological functions and pathways, other than energy metabolism regulation, were identified as differentially expressed mRNAs between the HSF group and the LSF group. CONCLUSION The high fat diet with a high C18:0/C16:0 ratio induced more severe glucose and lipid metabolic disorders and inflammation and affected expression of more lncRNAs and mRNAs than an isocaloric low C18:0/C16:0 ratio diet in mice. These results provide new insights into the differences in biological functions and related mechanisms, other than glucose and lipid metabolism, between C16:0 and C18:0.
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Microbial synthesis of functional odd-chain fatty acids: a review. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 36:35. [PMID: 32088779 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-020-02814-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Odd-chain fatty acids (OCFAs) naturally occur in bacteria, higher animals, and in plants. During recent years, they have received increasing attention due to their unique pharmacological properties and usefulness for agricultural and industrial applications. Recently, OCFAs have been identified and quantified in a few organisms, and new pharmacological functions of OCFAs have been reported. Some of the publications are related to the optimization of OCFA production through fermentation and genetic engineering. The present review aims to provide a summary on the recent progress in the field of microbial-derived OCFAs. More specifically, we outline the publications of OCFAs related to (i) different sources of OCFAs; (ii) endogenous synthesis of OCFAs; (iii) production of OCFAs through fermentation; (iv) genetic engineering related to OCFA; and (v) role of OCFAs in human health and disease. Finally, some areas that require further research are discussed.
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Lordan R, Redfern S, Tsoupras A, Zabetakis I. Inflammation and cardiovascular disease: are marine phospholipids the answer? Food Funct 2020; 11:2861-2885. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo01742a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
This review presents the latest research on the cardioprotective effects of n-3 fatty acids (FA) and n-3 FA bound to polar lipids (PL). Overall, n-3 PL may have enhanced bioavailability and potentially bioactivityversusfree FA and ester forms of n-3 FA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Lordan
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI)
| | - Shane Redfern
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
| | - Alexandros Tsoupras
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI)
| | - Ioannis Zabetakis
- Department of Biological Sciences
- University of Limerick
- Limerick
- Ireland
- Health Research Institute (HRI)
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