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Glaser F, Pruckner GJ. A hard pill to swallow? Parental health shocks and children's mental health. HEALTH ECONOMICS 2023; 32:2768-2800. [PMID: 37670414 DOI: 10.1002/hec.4752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Revised: 07/08/2023] [Accepted: 08/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Based on comprehensive administrative health record data from Austria, this study examines how children's mental health responds to a severe parental health shock. To account for the endogeneity of a serious parental illness, our sample is restricted to children who experience the health shock of a parent at some point in time and we exploit the timing of shocks in a dynamic DID setting. We find a positive causal effect of parental health shocks on children's mental health care utilization. Affected children have higher medical attendance for the treatment of mental illnesses, consume more psychotropic drugs, and are more likely to be hospitalized with mental and behavioral disorders. A significant increase in the utilization of antidepressants, anxiolytics, and sedatives can be observed for older children, girls and children with a white-collar family background. Our findings have important policy implications for children's access to psychotherapies and mental health care after experiencing a traumatic household event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Glaser
- Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Aging, Health, and the Labor Market, Linz, Austria
| | - Gerald J Pruckner
- Department of Economics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Linz, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Aging, Health, and the Labor Market, Linz, Austria
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van der Velden PG, Oudejans M, Das M, Bosmans MWG, Maercker A. The longitudinal effect of social recognition on PTSD symptomatology and vice versa: Evidence from a population-based study. Psychiatry Res 2019; 279:287-294. [PMID: 31262536 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2019.05.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A specific type of social support after potentially traumatic events is called "social recognition". It is the acknowledgement or validation of event-related thoughts, behavior, and feelings by the individual or others. It consists of positive individual or societal reactions that recognize and acknowledge victims' traumatic experiences and difficulties. Current studies suggest that social recognition protects against the development of PTSD symptomatology, but there is a lack of population-based studies assessing the longitudinal interplay between PTSD symptomatology and social recognition. For this purpose, we conducted a longitudinal study using the Dutch LISS panel, based on a random sample of the Dutch population. Structural equation modeling showed that among recently affected adults (0-2 months ago), those with relatively higher levels of social recognition had lower levels of PTSD symptomatology 6 months later. Victims with high levels of PTSD symptomatology at baseline received less social recognition 6 months later. On the intermediate term (affected 5-12 months ago), baseline social recognition was no longer predictive of PTSD symptoms 6 months later, in contrast to PTSD symptomatology predicting lack of social recognition. In sum, PTSD symptom levels eroded social recognition on the short and intermediate term, while the protective role of social recognition was limited to the short term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter G van der Velden
- CentERdata and Tilburg University's Network on Health and Behavior (Nethlab), Tilburg, the Netherlands.
| | | | - Marcel Das
- CentERdata and Tilburg University's Network on Health and Behavior (Nethlab), Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Mark W G Bosmans
- Netherlands Institute for Health Services Research (NIVEL), Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Andreas Maercker
- Department of Psychology Psychopathology and Clinical Intervention, University of Zurich, Switzerland
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Arcaya MC, Lowe SR, Asad AL, Subramanian SV, Waters MC, Rhodes J. Association of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms with migraine and headache after a natural disaster. Health Psychol 2017; 36:411-418. [PMID: 27929328 PMCID: PMC6666314 DOI: 10.1037/hea0000433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research shows that migraine and general headache symptoms increase after traumatic events. Questions remain about whether posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) produces migraine/headache symptoms, or if individuals afflicted by migraine/headache are especially likely to develop PTSD. We test whether PTSD symptoms following a natural disaster are associated with higher odds of reporting frequent headaches/migraines postdisaster. We decompose PTSD into intrusion, avoidance, and hyperarousal symptom clusters to examine which, if any, are uniquely related to headache/migraine postdisaster. METHOD We use prospectively collected pre- and postdisaster data to explore whether overall PTSD symptoms and symptom clusters are associated with migraine/headache in a sample of Hurricane Katrina survivors. We account for severity of hurricane exposure and control for baseline migraine and headache problems to reduce the probability that heightened PTSD susceptibility among those who already suffered from the conditions could explain observed associations. RESULTS PTSD symptoms were associated with higher odds of experiencing frequent headaches or migraines with a standard deviation change in PTSD score corresponding to over twice the odds (95% confidence interval [1.64, 2.68]) of having trouble with frequent headaches or migraines in the post-Katrina period. Each additional point on the intrusion subscale (sample M [SD] = 1.6 [1.1]) was associated with 55% higher odds of reporting frequent headache/migraine (95% confidence interval [1.03, 2.33]), but we found no association with avoidance or hyperarousal symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians and disaster planners should be aware that disaster survivors might be at heightened risk of migraine/headache episodes, and those experiencing intrusive reminders may be most affected. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Arcaya
- Department of Urban Studies and Planning, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
| | - Sarah R Lowe
- Department of Psychology, Montclair State University
| | | | - S V Subramanian
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health
| | | | - Jean Rhodes
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Boston
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Exploring Injury Panorama, Consequences, and Recovery among Bus Crash Survivors: A Mixed-Methods Research Study. Prehosp Disaster Med 2017; 32:165-174. [PMID: 28132665 DOI: 10.1017/s1049023x16001485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to explore physical and mental consequences and injury mechanisms among bus crash survivors to identify aspects that influence recovery. METHODS The study participants were the total population of survivors (N=56) from a bus crash in Sweden. The study had a mixed-methods design that provided quantitative and qualitative data on injuries, mental well-being, and experiences. Results from descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic analysis were interpreted and integrated in a mixed-methods analysis. RESULTS Among the survivors, 11 passengers (20%) sustained moderate to severe injuries, and the remaining 45 (80%) had minor or no physical injuries. Two-thirds of the survivors screened for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) risk were assessed, during the period of one to three months after the bus crash, as not being at-risk, and the remaining one-third were at-risk. The thematic analysis resulted in themes covering the consequences and varying aspects that affected the survivors' recoveries. The integrated findings are in the form of four "core cases" of survivors who represent a combination of characteristics: injury severity, mental well-being, social context, and other aspects hindering and facilitating recovery. Core case Avery represents a survivor who had minor or no injuries and who demonstrated a successful mental recovery. Core case Blair represents a survivor with moderate to severe injuries who experienced a successful mental recovery. Core case Casey represents a survivor who sustained minor injuries or no injuries in the crash but who was at-risk of developing PTSD. Core case Daryl represents a survivor who was at-risk of developing PTSD and who also sustained moderate to severe injuries in the crash. CONCLUSION The present study provides a multi-faceted understanding of mass-casualty incident (MCI) survivors (ie, having minor injuries does not always correspond to minimal risk for PTSD and moderate to severe injuries do not always correspond to increased risk for PTSD). Injury mitigation measures (eg, safer roadside material and anti-lacerative windows) would reduce the consequences of bus crashes. A well-educated rescue team and a compassionate and competent social environment will facilitate recovery. Doohan I , Björnstig U , Östlund U , Saveman BI . Exploring injury panorama, consequences, and recovery among bus crash survivors: a mixed-methods research study. Prehosp Disaster Med. 2017;32(2):165-174.
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Bonde JP, Utzon-Frank N, Bertelsen M, Borritz M, Eller NH, Nordentoft M, Olesen K, Rod NH, Rugulies R. Risk of depressive disorder following disasters and military deployment: systematic review with meta-analysis. Br J Psychiatry 2016; 208:330-6. [PMID: 26892850 DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.114.157859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous studies describe the occurrence of post-traumatic stress disorder following disasters, but less is known about the risk of major depression. AIMS To review the risk of depressive disorder in people surviving disasters and in soldiers returning from military deployment. METHOD A systematic literature search combined with reference screening identified 23 controlled epidemiological studies. We used random effects models to compute pooled odds ratios (ORs). RESULTS The average OR was significantly elevated following all types of exposures: natural disaster OR = 2.28 (95% CI 1.30-3.98), technological disaster OR = 1.44 (95% CI 1.21-1.70), terrorist acts OR = 1.80 (95% CI 1.38-2.34) and military combat OR = 1.60 (95% CI 1.09-2.35). In a subset of ten high-quality studies OR was 1.41 (95% CI 1.06-1.87). CONCLUSIONS Disasters and combat experience substantially increase the risk of depression. Whether psychological trauma per se or bereavement is on the causal path is unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Bonde
- J. P. Bonde, DMSc, N. Utzon-Frank, MD, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital; M. Bertelsen, PhD, Danish Veteran Centre, Copenhagen; M. Borritz, PhD, N. H. Eller, DMSc, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital; M. Nordentoft, DMSc, Psychiatric Centre Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg University Hospital; K. Olesen, PhD, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, and Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen; N. H. Rod, DMSc, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen; R. Rugulies, PhD, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, and Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N Utzon-Frank
- J. P. Bonde, DMSc, N. Utzon-Frank, MD, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital; M. Bertelsen, PhD, Danish Veteran Centre, Copenhagen; M. Borritz, PhD, N. H. Eller, DMSc, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital; M. Nordentoft, DMSc, Psychiatric Centre Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg University Hospital; K. Olesen, PhD, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, and Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen; N. H. Rod, DMSc, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen; R. Rugulies, PhD, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, and Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Bertelsen
- J. P. Bonde, DMSc, N. Utzon-Frank, MD, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital; M. Bertelsen, PhD, Danish Veteran Centre, Copenhagen; M. Borritz, PhD, N. H. Eller, DMSc, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital; M. Nordentoft, DMSc, Psychiatric Centre Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg University Hospital; K. Olesen, PhD, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, and Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen; N. H. Rod, DMSc, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen; R. Rugulies, PhD, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, and Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Borritz
- J. P. Bonde, DMSc, N. Utzon-Frank, MD, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital; M. Bertelsen, PhD, Danish Veteran Centre, Copenhagen; M. Borritz, PhD, N. H. Eller, DMSc, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital; M. Nordentoft, DMSc, Psychiatric Centre Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg University Hospital; K. Olesen, PhD, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, and Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen; N. H. Rod, DMSc, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen; R. Rugulies, PhD, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, and Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N H Eller
- J. P. Bonde, DMSc, N. Utzon-Frank, MD, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital; M. Bertelsen, PhD, Danish Veteran Centre, Copenhagen; M. Borritz, PhD, N. H. Eller, DMSc, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital; M. Nordentoft, DMSc, Psychiatric Centre Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg University Hospital; K. Olesen, PhD, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, and Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen; N. H. Rod, DMSc, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen; R. Rugulies, PhD, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, and Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - M Nordentoft
- J. P. Bonde, DMSc, N. Utzon-Frank, MD, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital; M. Bertelsen, PhD, Danish Veteran Centre, Copenhagen; M. Borritz, PhD, N. H. Eller, DMSc, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital; M. Nordentoft, DMSc, Psychiatric Centre Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg University Hospital; K. Olesen, PhD, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, and Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen; N. H. Rod, DMSc, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen; R. Rugulies, PhD, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, and Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K Olesen
- J. P. Bonde, DMSc, N. Utzon-Frank, MD, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital; M. Bertelsen, PhD, Danish Veteran Centre, Copenhagen; M. Borritz, PhD, N. H. Eller, DMSc, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital; M. Nordentoft, DMSc, Psychiatric Centre Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg University Hospital; K. Olesen, PhD, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, and Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen; N. H. Rod, DMSc, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen; R. Rugulies, PhD, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, and Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - N H Rod
- J. P. Bonde, DMSc, N. Utzon-Frank, MD, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital; M. Bertelsen, PhD, Danish Veteran Centre, Copenhagen; M. Borritz, PhD, N. H. Eller, DMSc, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital; M. Nordentoft, DMSc, Psychiatric Centre Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg University Hospital; K. Olesen, PhD, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, and Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen; N. H. Rod, DMSc, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen; R. Rugulies, PhD, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, and Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - R Rugulies
- J. P. Bonde, DMSc, N. Utzon-Frank, MD, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital; M. Bertelsen, PhD, Danish Veteran Centre, Copenhagen; M. Borritz, PhD, N. H. Eller, DMSc, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital; M. Nordentoft, DMSc, Psychiatric Centre Bispebjerg, Bispebjerg University Hospital; K. Olesen, PhD, Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Bispebjerg University Hospital, and Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen; N. H. Rod, DMSc, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen; R. Rugulies, PhD, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, National Research Centre for the Working Environment, and Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Matsumoto S, Yamaoka K, Inoue M, Inoue M, Muto S. Implications for Social Support on Prolonged Sleep Difficulties among a Disaster-Affected Population: Second Report from a Cross-Sectional Survey in Ishinomaki, Japan. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0130615. [PMID: 26087305 PMCID: PMC4472660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0130615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Study Objectives This study aimed to investigate the role of social factors, especially social support for sleep, among victims living at home around 1–2 years after the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami. Design A cross-sectional household survey was conducted between May and December 2012 (14–21 months after the disaster) in the Ishinomaki area, Japan. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression models were used to examine the association between social factors, including social support, and prolonged sleep difficulties (persisting over 1 month). Social support was divided into three functions: emotional, informational, and instrumental support. Participants Data were obtained on 2,593 individuals who were living at home after the disaster. Results The prevalence of prolonged sleep difficulties was 6.9% (5.8% male, 7.7% female). This study showed that lack of social support has a stronger association with prolonged sleep difficulties than non-modifiable or hardly modifiable consequences caused directly by the disaster, i.e., severity of home damage, change in family structure and income. Among the three dimensions of social support, lack of emotional support showed the strongest association with prolonged sleep difficulties. Conclusions Social support, especially emotional support, may positively affect sleep among victims living at home around 1–2 years after a disaster.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoko Matsumoto
- Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Kazue Yamaoka
- Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Machiko Inoue
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Mariko Inoue
- Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Muto
- Health and Life Revival Council in the Ishinomaki District (RCI), Miyagi, Japan
| | - Teikyo Ishinomaki Research Group
- Graduate School of Public Health, Teikyo University, Tokyo, Japan
- Department of Hygiene and Public Health, Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
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Thordardottir EB, Valdimarsdottir UA, Hansdottir I, Resnick H, Shipherd JC, Gudmundsdottir B. Posttraumatic stress and other health consequences of catastrophic avalanches: A 16-year follow-up of survivors. J Anxiety Disord 2015; 32:103-11. [PMID: 25935315 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2015.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2014] [Revised: 02/19/2015] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
To date, no study has investigated the effects of avalanches on survivor's health beyond the first years. The aim of this study was to examine long-term health status 16 years after exposure to avalanches using a matched cohort design. Mental health, sleep quality and somatic symptoms among avalanche survivors (n=286) and non-exposed controls (n=357) were examined. Results showed that 16% of survivors currently experience avalanche-specific PTSD symptoms (PDS score>14). In addition, survivors presented with increased risk of PTSD hyperarousal symptoms (>85th percentile) (aRR=1.83; 98.3% CI [1.23-2.74]); sleep-related problems (PSQI score>5) (aRR=1.34; 95% CI [1.05-1.70]); PTSD-related sleep disturbances (PSQI-A score≥4) (aRR=1.86; 95% CI [1.30-2.67]); musculoskeletal and nervous system problems (aRR 1.43; 99% CI 1.06-1.93) and gastrointestinal problems (aRR 2.16; 99% CI 1.21-3.86) compared to the unexposed group. Results highlight the need for treatment for long-term PTSD symptoms and sleep disruption in disaster communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edda Bjork Thordardottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland.
| | - Unnur Anna Valdimarsdottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Department of Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ingunn Hansdottir
- Faculty of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Heidi Resnick
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, USA
| | - Jillian C Shipherd
- National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, USA
| | - Berglind Gudmundsdottir
- Centre of Public Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Mental Health Services, Landspitali - The National University Hospital of Iceland, Iceland
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Tjalvin G, Lygre SHL, Hollund BE, Moen BE, Bratveit M. Health complaints after a malodorous chemical explosion: a longitudinal study. Occup Med (Lond) 2015; 65:202-9. [DOI: 10.1093/occmed/kqu203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Remy LL, Clay T. Longitudinal analysis of health outcomes after exposure to toxics, Willits California, 1991-2012: application of the cohort-period (cross-sequential) design. Environ Health 2014; 13:88. [PMID: 25342458 PMCID: PMC4223849 DOI: 10.1186/1476-069x-13-88] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2014] [Accepted: 10/12/2014] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND About 1963, a factory in Willits, Mendocino County (County), California added chrome plating to the manufacture of steel products. After years of residents reporting high illness rates, the State undertook a series of investigations. They found exposures had been high and warranted further research into possible health effects. Applying the seldom-used cross-sequential design, we tested if Willits had an excess rate of adverse health conditions, compared to people of the same sex and cohort living in the rest of county (ROC). This is the first report on long-term health outcomes for Willits. METHODS Hospital discharge data for 1991-2012 were searched to find admissions for people born between 1940 and 1989 who ever gave the County as their residence. Diagnoses and procedures were classified to Level 1 (body systems) of the Multi-level Clinical Classification Software (CCS). We analyzed 796,917 diagnoses and 289,980 procedures found on 117,799 admissions of 43,234 patients who lived in the County at some time between 1991 and 2012. Of these, 7,564 lived in Willits. We summarized data to the person-level then the group level over cohort-period (cross-sequential) to control the age by time relationship, then calculated incidence rates, relative risk, and excess case statistics, each with confidence limits. A secondary analysis focused on whether Willits differed markedly from the rest of County (ROC). Specifically, other than the presence of the Plant, did Willits differ so much that those differences could plausibly explain outcome differences? RESULTS Illness was excessive in the exposed group (Willits) compared to the unexposed (ROC). Overall number of excess cases attributable to living in Willits was estimated: Men, 301 (95% confidence limit (CL) 200-398), women: 696 (CL 569-820). CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the strength of the cross-sequential design. Willits and ROC had comparable disadvantages relative to the State. Yet, when stratified by cohort, Willits had more illness per population. Little is known about the health effect of chemicals used at Willits on a non-occupationally exposed population. We recommend a follow-up study to evaluate the long-term health of people who lived in Willits during childhood and the reproductive age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda L Remy
- Family Health Outcomes Project, Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 500 Parnassus Ave. Room MU-337, San Francisco, CA 94143-0900 USA
| | - Ted Clay
- Family Health Outcomes Project, Family and Community Medicine, School of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, 500 Parnassus Ave. Room MU-337, San Francisco, CA 94143-0900 USA
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Nakagawa S, Sugiura M, Sekiguchi A, Kotozaki Y, Araki T, Hanawa S, Makoto Miyauchi C, Sakuma A, Kawashima R. Fatigue and relating to others 3 months after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. Psychiatry Res 2014; 218:324-8. [PMID: 24844979 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2014.04.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Most inhabitants of Tohoku district suffer from chronic fatigue after the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake. Chronic fatigue following disasters may lead to serious illness, even death. Posttraumatic growth appears to counteract fatigue. We predicted that the chronic fatigue would be inversely related to the posttraumatic growth factor "relating to others," as represented by mutual helping and a strong sense of connection with humanity. Young 59 healthy volunteers, residing in Miyagi prefecture, were recruited 3 months after the disaster. We measured the subjects׳ total scores on the Japanese version of the Checklist Individual Strength questionnaire (CIS), the Trait Anxiety (T-A) subscale of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and four subscores on the posttraumatic growth inventory (PTGI). Stepwise regression analyses were conducted with score on the CIS as the dependent variable and other scores as independent variables. Scores on the "relating to others" factor of the PTGI showed a significant negative relationship with the CIS score, whereas the scores on the T-A subscale of the STAI and the CES-D were positively related to the CIS score. Human ties and mutual help were negatively related to the degree of the chronic fatigue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seishu Nakagawa
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan.
| | - Motoaki Sugiura
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; International Research Institute of Disaster Science, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sekiguchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Division of Medical Neuroimage Analysis, Department of Community Medical Supports, Tohoku Medical Megabank Organization, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Yuka Kotozaki
- Smart Ageing International Research Center, IDAC, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Araki
- Smart Ageing International Research Center, IDAC, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Sugiko Hanawa
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Carlos Makoto Miyauchi
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakuma
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Japan
| | - Ryuta Kawashima
- Department of Functional Brain Imaging, Institute of Development, Aging and Cancer (IDAC), 4-1 Seiryo-machi, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8575, Japan; Smart Ageing International Research Center, IDAC, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan; Division of Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience, IDAC, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Chen Z, Hannak WJ. Developing a Chinese PTSD Inventory (CPI) based on interviews with earthquake victims in Sichuan. Psych J 2014; 3:101-12. [PMID: 26271762 DOI: 10.1002/pchj.43] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Although some of the self-report scales for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) are available in Chinese and are currently in use in China, cultural limitations exist. An indigenous Chinese PTSD self-rating scale-the Chinese PTSD Inventory (CPI)-has been developed. The item generation of the CPI was based on interviews of Sichuan earthquake victims. Exploratory factor analysis was conducted on a sample of 313 earthquake victims, acquiring five factors with 27 items: Intrusion, Avoidance, Hyperarousal, Dysphoria, and Somatization. Another sample of 227 debris-flow victims was administered the 27-item CPI. It demonstrated high internal consistency and test-retest reliability, and the result of confirmatory factor analysis indicated a good fit for the five-factor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuqing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zhengen Chen
- Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Graduate University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Walter J Hannak
- Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
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12
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Ushijima K, Sung W, Matsutani M. Psychosocial factors associated with chronic distress in mothers of young children 2 years after the Fukushima nuclear accident. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.5058/stresskagakukenkyu.29.84] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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13
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Wahlström L, Michélsen H, Schulman A, Backheden M, Keskinen-Rosenqvist R, Backheden H. Longitudinal course of physical and psychological symptoms after a natural disaster. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2013; 4:21892. [PMID: 24379941 PMCID: PMC3875347 DOI: 10.3402/ejpt.v4i0.21892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 11/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/30/2013] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND After disaster, physical symptoms are common although seldom recognized due to lack of knowledge of the course of symptoms and relation to more studied psychological symptoms. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate the change in the reporting of different physical symptoms after a disaster, including possible factors for change, and whether psychological symptoms predict physical symptoms reporting at a later point in time. METHOD A longitudinal study of citizens of Stockholm who survived the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. A total of 1,101 participants completed questionnaires on somatic symptoms, general distress, posttraumatic stress, exposure, and demographic details 14 months and 3 years after the disaster. Physical symptoms occurring daily or weekly during the last year were investigated in four symptom indices: neurological, cardiorespiratory, gastrointestinal, and musculoskeletal. We used generalized estimating equations (GEE) analysis to determine odds ratios for a change in symptoms, and pathway analysis to predict the influence of psychological symptoms on physical symptoms. RESULTS There was a general decrease of reporting in all physical symptom indices except the musculoskeletal symptom index. The change in the neurological symptom index showed the strongest association with exposure, and for women. General distress and posttraumatic stress at 14 months postdisaster predicted physical symptoms at 3 years. CONCLUSION Physical symptoms were predicted by psychological symptoms at an earlier time point, but in a considerable proportion of respondents, physical symptoms existed independently from psychological symptoms. Physicians should be observant on the possible connection of particular pseudoneurological symptoms with prior adversities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Wahlström
- Centre for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hans Michélsen
- Centre for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Abbe Schulman
- Centre for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magnus Backheden
- Centre for Family Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Keskinen-Rosenqvist R, Michélsen H, Schulman A, Wahlström L. Physical symptoms 14 months after a natural disaster in individuals with or without injury are associated with different types of exposure. J Psychosom Res 2011; 71:180-7. [PMID: 21843754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2011.01.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2010] [Revised: 12/22/2010] [Accepted: 01/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether different types of exposure to the 2004 tsunami were associated with physical symptoms 14 months after the disaster and to study correlations between survivors' physical and psychological symptoms. METHODS Using a cross-sectional design, 1505 survivors from the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami, tourists from Stockholm, who had been present in the disaster areas, responded to a postal questionnaire. Eight groups based on type of exposure were created. Physical symptoms occurring on a daily or weekly basis over the past year were investigated in four indices: musculoskeletal, cardiorespiratory, neurological, and gastrointestinal. Mental health symptoms (General Health Questionnaire-12) and posttraumatic stress symptoms (Impact of Event Scale-Revised) were also investigated. Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted with controls for background variables and exposure, with physical symptoms as outcome variables. The association between physical and psychological symptoms was studied with the Spearman Rank Order Correlation. RESULTS Different types of exposure during the disaster were associated with physical symptoms 14 months later for survivors both with and without severe physical injury. The single exposure of life threat, also in combination with other exposures, was associated with a higher risk for reporting of physical symptoms. Physical symptoms showed modest yet significant correlation with psychological symptoms. CONCLUSION It is important to pay attention to both physical and psychological symptoms among disaster survivors whether they have been injured or not. A relatively simple questionnaire about physical symptoms may be a good complement to the scales used to assess psychological problems after disaster.
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[Medically unexplained and somatoform complaints and disorders in the elderly: a systematic review of the literature]. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOSOMATISCHE MEDIZIN UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2011; 57:115-40. [PMID: 21626477 DOI: 10.13109/zptm.2011.57.2.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To provide a systematic overview of the research concerning the frequency of medically unexplained, somatoform complaints and disorders in the elderly, their risk factors, comorbidity, course, management in primary and secondary care, and psychotherapy. METHOD We evaluated 248 clinical and randomized trials, reviews, meta-analyses and practice guidelines for adult samples identified from "PubMed" and "PsycInfo" using the search terms "somatoform" OR "medically unexplained" OR "somatization" OR "somatisation" in combination with other terms for their relevance for the elderly. Other relevant trials were identified from the references from these publications. RESULTS Medically unexplained, somatoform complaints and disorders occur in older persons and are more frequent in elderly women than in elderly men. Although many studies found no increased frequency of somatoform complaints in the elderly, based on present research we cannot draw final conclusions concerning the frequency of somatoform disorders and complaints in the elderly, and we cannot give evidence based recommendations for their treatment in primary and secondary care and psychotherapy. DISCUSSION This situation results from the special problems encountered in the diagnosis of somatoform complaints and disorders in the elderly, from problems in conceptualisation also found in younger adults, and from the lack of research concerning treatment focussed solely on the old and very old.
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Abstract
Long-term follow-up after disaster exposure indicates increased rates of psychological distress. However, trajectories and rates of recovery in large samples of disaster-exposed survivors are largely lacking. A group of 3457 Swedish survivors temporarily on vacation in Southeast Asia during the 2004 tsunami were assessed by postal questionnaire at 14 months and 3 years after the tsunami regarding post-traumatic stress reactions (IES-R) and general mental health (GHQ-12). There was a general pattern of resilience and recovery 3 years postdisaster. Severe exposure and traumatic bereavement were associated with increased post-traumatic stress reactions and heightened risk for impaired mental health. The rate of recovery was lower among respondents exposed to life threat and among bereaved. Severe trauma exposure and bereavement seem to have considerable long-term impact on psychological distress and appear to slow down the recovery process. Readiness among health agencies for identification of symptoms and provision of interventions might facilitate optimal recovery.
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17
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Zaetta C, Santonastaso P, Favaro A. Long-term physical and psychological effects of the Vajont disaster. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2011; 2:EJPT-2-8454. [PMID: 22893826 PMCID: PMC3402158 DOI: 10.3402/ejpt.v2i0.8454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2011] [Revised: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/20/2011] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Few studies to date investigated the long-term consequences of disasters on physical health. OBJECTIVE The aim of the present report was to study the consequence on physical health of exposure to the Vajont disaster after 40 years. We also explored the effects of severity of trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and major depression disorder on physical health and health-related quality of life. METHOD Sixty survivors of the Vajont disaster and 48 control subjects of similar gender, education, and age participated in the study. Physician-reported and subjective measures of physical health have been employed. RESULTS Survivors reported a greater number of physical complaints than controls (p<0.001), and some type of diseases showed a significant relationship with PTSD or PTSD symptoms. Quality of life differed between the two groups as regards the perception of physical health. The number of intrusive PTSD symptoms showed a significant negative effect on the quality of life of survivors. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that large-scale disasters such as the Vajont one may have deleterious effects on both psychological and physical health.
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Fassaert T, Nielen M, Verheij R, Verhoeff A, Dekker J, Beekman A, de Wit M. Quality of care for anxiety and depression in different ethnic groups by family practitioners in urban areas in the Netherlands. Gen Hosp Psychiatry 2010; 32:368-76. [PMID: 20633740 DOI: 10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2010.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Revised: 04/29/2010] [Accepted: 04/30/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is widespread concern about access to good quality health care for ethnic minority groups. This study investigates differences between ethnic groups regarding prevalence of anxiety and depression, and adherence to treatment guidelines by family practitioners in urban areas in the Netherlands. METHOD Data from electronic medical records, collected for the Netherlands Information Network of General Practice. Diagnoses were based on the International Classification of Primary Care. Adherence to guidelines included at least five consultations, prescription of psychotropics for 6 weeks at most (indicative of cessation in case of nonresponse) or 5 months at least (suggesting continuation in case of response), and/or a referral to a mental health care specialist. Data were analyzed using multilevel logistic regression analyses. RESULTS A total of 6413 patients (4.4% of practice population) were diagnosed with anxiety and/or depression. Prevalence was highest in Turkish patients (5.2%). Of diagnosed patients, 42.9% received guideline-concordant treatment. Only Surinamese/Antillean patients were less likely than ethnic Dutch to receive treatments according to guidelines. CONCLUSION Prevalence of and quality of care for anxiety and depression were comparable between ethnic minority clients, but some differences suggest that efforts to educate primary care providers in management of anxiety/depression should be continued and tailored to specific ethnic groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thijs Fassaert
- Department of Epidemiology, Documentation and Health Promotion, Municipal Health Service, 1000 CE Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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