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Alsheweir A, Goyder E, Alzahrani M, Caton SJ. Determinants of Disordered Eating Behaviours (DEBs) among Adolescent Female School Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A Qualitative Study. Nutrients 2024; 16:2119. [PMID: 38999867 PMCID: PMC11243036 DOI: 10.3390/nu16132119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/01/2024] [Indexed: 07/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The risk of DEB is more prevalent in girls, particularly during adolescence. The onset of DEB can be triggered by many inter-related factors, including biological, social, parental, and psychosocial. To date, very little is known about the determinants of DEBs in Saudi adolescent girls. Using a qualitative analysis, this study explored potential determinants of DEB among adolescent girls in Riyadh. Eighteen semi-structured interviews were carried out with adolescent girls (mean age = 14.06, SD = 0.87) who reported a high risk of DEB (EAT-26 ≥ 20) in intermediate and secondary schools in Riyadh. The mean weight was 51 kg (SD = 11.8) with BMI ranging from 14.18 kg/m2 to 27.51 kg/m2. EAT-26 scores ranged from 21 to 42 (M = 26.8, SD = 5.6). Data were transcribed and revised, then themes and sub-themes were assigned using MAXQDA 24. The most common DEBs reported were dieting and binging, followed by induced vomiting. Major themes were related to negative cognitions, conscious imitation/copying behaviours, bullying, comparisons, and negative comments. Some participants identified the possibility of biological and familial factors in increasing the likelihood of DEB. Our findings provide a framework that could be used to increase understanding of DEB and inform the development of interventions to address underlying causes of DEB in Saudi adolescent girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzah Alsheweir
- Sheffield Centre for Health & Related Research (SCHARR), School of Medicine & Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (E.G.); or (M.A.); (S.J.C.)
- Department of Community Health Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 145111, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elizabeth Goyder
- Sheffield Centre for Health & Related Research (SCHARR), School of Medicine & Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (E.G.); or (M.A.); (S.J.C.)
| | - Maha Alzahrani
- Sheffield Centre for Health & Related Research (SCHARR), School of Medicine & Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (E.G.); or (M.A.); (S.J.C.)
- Health Sciences College at Al-Lith, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samantha J. Caton
- Sheffield Centre for Health & Related Research (SCHARR), School of Medicine & Population Health, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 4DA, UK; (E.G.); or (M.A.); (S.J.C.)
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Cattoni A, Russo G, Capitoli G, Rodari G, Nicolosi ML, Molinari S, Tondelli D, Pelliccia C, Radaelli S, Arosio AML, Fontana K, Tattesi G, Passoni P, Boneschi A, Giavoli C, Meroni SLC, Stancampiano MR, Garuti E, Biondi A, Balduzzi A, Bizzarri C. Pelvic ultrasound and pubertal attainment in girls with sexual precocity: the pivotal role of uterine volume in predicting the timing of menarche. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1417281. [PMID: 38989002 PMCID: PMC11234884 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1417281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Among girls assessed for pubertal precocity, pelvic ultrasound (pUS) may represent a pivotal tool to predict the time expected to elapse between sonographic assessment and the onset of menarche (TUS-M). Accordingly, the present analysis is meant to define the statistical relationship between sonographic parameters and TUS-M, in order to identify the most reliable predictor of the timing of menarche. Methods Retrospective, multicenter analysis. Girls assessed for sexual precocity and showing sonographic and clinical findings consistent with pubertal onset upon referral were considered eligible. Patients treated with GnRH analogues were excluded and only those who had subsequently achieved complete and spontaneous pubertal attainment and for whom the exact date of menarche was available were included. Overall, we enrolled 184 girls from five tertiary care Italian Centers. Results The time elapsed (months) between baseline endocrine assessment and spontaneous achievement of menarche showed a negative statistically significant correlation (p<0.0001) with LH (r:-0.61), FSH (r:-0.59), estradiol (r:-0.52) and stimulated LH values (r:-0.58). Among pUS parameters, ovarian volume (r:-0.17 left, -0.30 right) and uterine body-to-cervix ratio (r:-0.18) poorly correlated with TUS-M, while uterine diameters (r:-0.61 longitudinal, -0.64 anteroposterior) and volume (r:-0.70) achieved a highly statistical significance (p<0.0001). Uterine volume (UV) showed a negative logarithmic relationship with TUS-M and represented the most reliable predictor of the timing of menarche in uni- and multivariable analyses (p <0.001). ROC analyses identified the UV thresholds that best predict the onset of menarche within 18, 12 and 6 months, respectively: 3.76, 6.02 and 8.80 ml. Conclusion The logarithm of UV shows the best statistical performance in predicting the timing of menarche in girls assessed for pubertal precocity. Accordingly, we developed a user-friendly online application that provides clinicians with an estimation of the months expected to elapse before menarche, based on the UV recorded upon pUS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Cattoni
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy
| | - Gianni Russo
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Capitoli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy
- Bicocca Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging B4 Centre, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Giulia Rodari
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Nicolosi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Silvia Molinari
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Daniele Tondelli
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy
- Bicocca Bioinformatics, Biostatistics and Bioimaging B4 Centre, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Monza, Italy
| | - Ciretta Pelliccia
- Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | - Silvia Radaelli
- Department of Pediatrics, Ospedale Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo, Italy
| | | | - Katia Fontana
- Department of Pediatrics, Endocrine Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulia Tattesi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Paolo Passoni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Annalisa Boneschi
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
| | - Claudia Giavoli
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Community Health, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
- Endocrinology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Ca’ Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | - Elda Garuti
- Department of Radiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Biondi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy
| | - Adriana Balduzzi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fondazione IRCCS San Gerardo dei Tintori, Monza, Italy
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Milano-Bicocca University, Monza, Italy
| | - Carla Bizzarri
- Unit of Pediatric Endocrinology, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, Rome, Italy
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Anaya C. Integrating context in the examination of pubertal timing effects on disordered eating among Black and Latinx girls. Int J Eat Disord 2024; 57:1096-1101. [PMID: 38353404 DOI: 10.1002/eat.24171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 02/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/15/2024]
Abstract
Earlier pubertal onset has been associated with increased disordered eating symptoms in cisgender girls. Although this finding has been replicated across studies of disordered eating, most studies have focused on white samples. The lack of studies is surprising given that early pubertal timing may impact disordered eating risk in Black and Latinx girls differently due to trends of earlier pubertal onset in these groups and increased stressors related to interpersonal and structural racism and economic marginalization. Current methods of examining pubertal timing among Black and Latinx girls may also not fully capture their experience. Contextual factors (e.g., neighborhood and school racial/ethnic composition) may influence how minoritized girls both perceive and are affected by their pubertal timing. Moreover, factors such as ethnic-racial identity development and experiences of discrimination may be important mechanisms explaining the association between pubertal timing and disordered eating risk. This paper aims to provide a brief overview of studies examining pubertal timing and disordered eating risk among Black and Latinx girls in the US and to discuss recommendations for future research that integrate contextual factors in the examination of pubertal timing and its effects. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE: Early pubertal timing has been associated with increased risk of disordered eating symptoms among cisgender girls; however, studies have been limited due to the use of predominantly white samples. The article provides a brief overview of findings related to pubertal timing effects among Black and Latinx girls, discusses considerations for the measurement of pubertal timing, and highlights the need for inclusion of contextual factors in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Anaya
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Horvath G, Knopik VS, Marceau K. Polygenic Influences on Pubertal Timing and Tempo and Depressive Symptoms in Boys and Girls. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2020; 30:78-94. [PMID: 31008555 PMCID: PMC6810710 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study used polygenic scoring (PGS) to test whether puberty-related genes were correlated with depressive symptoms, and whether there were indirect effects through pubertal maturation. The sample included 8,795 adolescents from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (measures of puberty drawn ages 8-17 years; of depressive symptoms at age 16.5 years). The PGS (derived from a genome-wide meta-analysis of later age at menarche) predicted boys' and girls' later pubertal timing, boys' slower gonadal development, and girls' faster breast development. Earlier perceived breast development timing predicted more depressive symptoms in girls. Findings support shared genetic underpinnings for boys' and girls' puberty, contributing to multiple pubertal phenotypes with differences in how these genetic variants affect boys' and girls' development.
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The Role of Puberty and Ovarian Hormones in the Genetic Diathesis of Eating Disorders in Females. Child Adolesc Psychiatr Clin N Am 2019; 28:617-628. [PMID: 31443879 DOI: 10.1016/j.chc.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Puberty is a critical risk period for eating disorders (EDs). ED incidence increases across the pubertal period and becomes female predominant, and genetic influences on disordered eating significantly increase. Surges of ovarian hormones, particularly estrogen, may drive this increasing genetic effect for EDs in pubertal girls and contribute to differential phenotypic presentations beyond puberty. In this article, we explain phenotypic associations between puberty and disordered eating and present evidence showing underlying genetic and hormonal influence. Potential benefits of communicating roles of genetic influence to people with or at risk for EDs are also discussed.
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McGuire TC, McCormick KC, Koch MK, Mendle J. Pubertal Maturation and Trajectories of Depression During Early Adolescence. Front Psychol 2019; 10:1362. [PMID: 31244742 PMCID: PMC6582206 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Beginning at puberty, prevalence of depression in females rises dramatically. The physical changes of puberty coincide with a period of social flux, during which relationships become less stable and more prone to conflict. While this social upheaval is normatively distressing for girls, it may be especially so for girls with cognitive styles that leave them more susceptible to depression. The present study investigated depressive symptoms at two time points during early pubertal maturation. N = 110 girls (M age = 11.57, SD = 0.98) reported on depressive symptomology, pubertal maturation, ruminative coping style, frequency of peer conflict, and rejection sensitivity. Multivariate analyses suggest more advanced pubertal development and greater rejection sensitivity at Time 1 predicted higher levels of depressive symptoms at Time 2, after accounting for baseline levels of depressive symptoms and all other social and cognitive correlates of depression. This effect was also found in early maturing girls. Menarche status was not significant. Since menarche occurs toward the end of puberty, results suggest that risk for worsening depression is not associated with completing puberty, or with menstruation itself. Rather, increases in depressive symptoms seem to be associated with physical changes that emerge early in the pubertal transition, especially for early maturing girls, paired with anticipatory concerns about social rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor C. McGuire
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kathleen C. McCormick
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Champaign, IL, United States
| | - Mary Kate Koch
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
| | - Jane Mendle
- Department of Human Development, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, United States
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Aylwin CF, Toro CA, Shirtcliff E, Lomniczi A. Emerging Genetic and Epigenetic Mechanisms Underlying Pubertal Maturation in Adolescence. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2019; 29:54-79. [PMID: 30869843 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The adolescent transition begins with the onset of puberty which, upstream in the brain, is initiated by the gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) pulse generator that activates the release of peripheral sex hormones. Substantial research in human and animal models has revealed a myriad of cellular networks and heritable genes that control the GnRH pulse generator allowing the individual to begin the process of reproductive competence and sexual maturation. Here, we review the latest knowledge in neuroendocrine pubertal research with emphasis on genetic and epigenetic mechanisms underlying the pubertal transition.
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8
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Vijayakumar N, Op de Macks Z, Shirtcliff EA, Pfeifer JH. Puberty and the human brain: Insights into adolescent development. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 92:417-436. [PMID: 29972766 PMCID: PMC6234123 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 190] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alongside the exponential flourish of research on age-related trajectories of human brain development during childhood and adolescence in the past two decades, there has been an increase in the body of work examining the association between pubertal development and brain maturation. This review systematically examines empirical research on puberty-related structural and functional brain development in humans, with the aim of identifying convergent patterns of associations. We emphasize longitudinal studies, and discuss pervasive but oft-overlooked methodological issues that may be contributing to inconsistent findings and hindering progress (e.g., conflating distinct pubertal indices and different measurement instruments). We also briefly evaluate support for prominent models of adolescent neurodevelopment that hypothesize puberty-related changes in brain regions involved in affective and motivational processes. For the field to progress, replication studies are needed to help resolve current inconsistencies and gain a clearer understanding of pubertal associations with brain development in humans, knowledge that is crucial to make sense of the changes in psychosocial functioning, risk behavior, and mental health during adolescence.
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Harden KP, Mann FD, Grotzinger AD, Patterson MW, Steinberg L, Tackett JL, Tucker-Drob EM. Developmental differences in reward sensitivity and sensation seeking in adolescence: Testing sex-specific associations with gonadal hormones and pubertal development. J Pers Soc Psychol 2017; 115:161-178. [PMID: 29094961 DOI: 10.1037/pspp0000172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Sensation seeking has been found to increase, on average, from childhood to adolescence. Developmental scientists have hypothesized that this change could be driven by the rise of gonadal hormones at puberty, which affect reward-related processing in the brain. In a large, age-heterogeneous, population-based sample of adolescents and young adults (N = 810; ages 13-20 years), we tested for sex-specific associations between age, self-reported pubertal development, gonadal hormones (estradiol and testosterone) as measured in saliva, reward sensitivity as measured by a multivariate battery of in-laboratory tasks (including the Iowa gambling task, balloon analogue risk task, and stoplight task), and self-reported sensation seeking. Reward sensitivity was more strongly associated with sensation seeking in males than females. For both males and females, reward sensitivity was unrelated to age but was higher among those who reported more advanced pubertal development. There were significant sex differences in the effects of self-reported pubertal development on sensation seeking, with a positive association evident in males but a negative association in females. Moreover, gonadal hormones also showed diverging associations with sensation seeking-positive with testosterone but negative with estradiol. Overall, the results indicate that sensation seeking among adolescents and young adults depends on a complex constellation of developmental influences that operate via sex-specific mechanisms. (PsycINFO Database Record
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10
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Klump KL, Culbert KM, Sisk CL. Sex Differences in Binge Eating: Gonadal Hormone Effects Across Development. Annu Rev Clin Psychol 2017; 13:183-207. [PMID: 28301762 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-clinpsy-032816-045309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Eating disorders are highly sexually differentiated disorders that exhibit a female predominance in risk. Most theories focus on psychosocial explanations to the exclusion of biological/genetic influences. The purpose of this descriptive review is to evaluate evidence from animal and human studies in support of gonadal hormone effects on sex differences in binge eating. Although research is in its nascent stages, findings suggest that increased prenatal testosterone exposure in males appears to protect against binge eating. Although pubertal testosterone may exert additional protective effects, the prenatal period is likely critical for the decreased risk observed in males. By contrast, studies indicate that, in females, it is the lack of prenatal testosterone coupled with the organizational effects of pubertal ovarian hormones that may lead to increased binge eating. Finally, twin data suggest that changes in genetic risk may underlie these hormone influences on sex differences across development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824;
| | - Kristen M Culbert
- Department of Psychology, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, Nevada 89154;
| | - Cheryl L Sisk
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48824; .,Neuroscience Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan 48825;
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Cho HW, Chu C. A moment of truth. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016; 7:211-2. [PMID: 27635369 PMCID: PMC5014755 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hae-Wol Cho
- Editor-in-Chief Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Chaeshin Chu
- Managing Editor Osong Public Health and Research Perspectives, Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Cheongju, Korea
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12
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Lee EY, Pabayo R, Kawachi I. Timing of Spermarche and Menarche are Associated with Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Among Korean Adolescents. Osong Public Health Res Perspect 2016; 7:266-72. [PMID: 27635377 PMCID: PMC5014756 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrp.2016.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2015] [Revised: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study examined the timing of menarche and spermarche and their associations with physical activity (PA) and sedentary behavior (SB) after controlling for body mass index (BMI). Methods Multiple logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine whether the timing of menarche in girls and spermarche in boys is associated with PA and SB independent of BMI in a nationally representative sample of Korean adolescents (13–18 years; N = 74,186). Results After controlling for age, family economic status, and BMI, early timing of spermarche among boys was associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in PA and a lower likelihood of engaging in SB for < 2 hours during weekdays. By contrast, boys with late timing of spermarche were less likely to engage in PA and more likely to engage in SB for < 2 hours. Among girls, early or late timing of menarche was associated with a higher likelihood of engaging in PA and a lower likelihood of engaging in SB. Conclusion Timing of menarche in girls and spermarche in boys could be a marker for PA and SB among Korean adolescents. To promote PA and discourage SB among Korean adolescents, school-based, grade-specific interventions can be tailored by the absence or presence of menarche/spermarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Young Lee
- Sedentary Living Laboratory, Faculty of Physical Education and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Roman Pabayo
- School of Community and Health Sciences, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA; Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ichiro Kawachi
- Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Boston, MA, USA
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Kretsch N, Mendle J, Harden KP. A Twin Study of Objective and Subjective Pubertal Timing and Peer Influence on Risk-Taking. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2016; 26:45-59. [PMID: 27026753 PMCID: PMC4808296 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The current study used a behavioral genetic design to test whether three measures of pubertal timing moderated peer influence on risk-taking in a sample of 248 female adolescent twin pairs (Mage =16.0, SD=1.5) from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Peer influence was operationalized as the quasi-causal association between girls' self-reported risk-taking and the risk-taking reported by their friends. Girls with earlier ages at menarche and who perceived themselves as more developed than peers were more susceptible to peer influence on risk-taking. However, age-standardized ratings of body changes did not moderate peer influence. This study highlights distinctions between multiple measures of pubertal timing, using an innovative synthesis of genetically informative data and peer nomination data.
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Corley RP, Beltz AM, Wadsworth SJ, Berenbaum SA. Genetic influences on pubertal development and links to behavior problems. Behav Genet 2015; 45:294-312. [PMID: 25903988 PMCID: PMC4963204 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-015-9719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic influences on adolescent psychological development are likely to be mediated and moderated by pubertal hormones. Combining genetic analyses with advanced models of pubertal development, we extended work on the measurement and psychological significance of puberty. We examined how genetic and environmental influences on puberty vary by the way that development is described (logistic versus linear models versus traditional methods) and the different aspects of puberty (adrenarche vs. gonadarche), and how genes and environment contribute to the covariation between different descriptions and aspects of puberty, and between pubertal development and behavior problems (substance use, age at sexual initiation). We also considered how puberty moderated the heritability of psychological outcomes (internalizing and externalizing problems), and sex differences. Participants from the Colorado Longitudinal Twin Study (403 girls, 395 boys) reported their pubertal development annually from ages 9 through 15; they and their parents reported their behavior in mid-to-late adolescence. There was a large genetic contribution to pubertal timing for both sexes no matter how it was measured, but findings for pubertal tempo varied by method. Genetic covariation accounted for most of the phenotypic correlations among different indicators of pubertal timing, and between pubertal timing and psychological outcome. We consider the implications of our results for understanding how pubertal hormones mediate or moderate genetic and environmental influences on psychological development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Campus Box 447, Boulder, CO, 80309-0447, USA,
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Baker JH, Girdler SS, Bulik CM. The role of reproductive hormones in the development and maintenance of eating disorders. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 7:573-583. [PMID: 23585773 DOI: 10.1586/eog.12.54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Much remains to be understood about the etiology of eating disorders. There is substantial evidence that reproductive hormones, specifically estrogens, play a direct role in normal food intake. Evidence is increasing that the reproductive hormones play a role in the abnormal food intake associated with eating disorders. For example, there is an inverse association between estradiol and eating disorder symptoms. Preliminary studies also suggest that hormone augmentation may be a beneficial adjunct to the standard treatment of choice for eating disorders. However, research is limited, so definitive conclusions about the benefit of hormone augmentation in treatment cannot be drawn. Future research, with a focus on translational studies, should continue to explore the role of reproductive hormones in the vulnerability to and maintenance of eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica H Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, CB #7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Klump KL. Puberty as a critical risk period for eating disorders: a review of human and animal studies. Horm Behav 2013; 64:399-410. [PMID: 23998681 PMCID: PMC3761220 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Revised: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
This article is part of a Special Issue "Puberty and Adolescence". Puberty is one of the most frequently discussed risk periods for the development of eating disorders. Prevailing theories propose environmentally mediated sources of risk arising from the psychosocial effects (e.g., increased body dissatisfaction, decreased self-esteem) of pubertal development in girls. However, recent research highlights the potential role of ovarian hormones in phenotypic and genetic risk for eating disorders during puberty. The goal of this paper is to review data from human and animal studies in support of puberty as a critical risk period for eating disorders and evaluate the evidence for hormonal contributions. Data are consistent in suggesting that both pubertal status and pubertal timing significantly impact risk for most eating disorders in girls, such that advanced pubertal development and early pubertal timing are associated with increased rates of eating disorders and their symptoms in both cross-sectional and longitudinal research. Findings in boys have been much less consistent and suggest a smaller role for puberty in risk for eating disorders in boys. Twin and animal studies indicate that at least part of the female-specific risk is due to genetic factors associated with estrogen activation at puberty. In conclusion, data thus far support a role for puberty in risk for eating disorders and highlight the need for additional human and animal studies of hormonal and genetic risk for eating disorders during puberty.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly L Klump
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, 316 Physics Rd., East Lansing, MI 48824-1116, USA.
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Dimitropoulos G, Freeman VE, Bellai K, Olmsted M. Inpatients with severe anorexia nervosa and their siblings: non-shared experiences and family functioning. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2013; 21:284-93. [PMID: 23576477 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2012] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were the following: to identify perceptions of patients with anorexia nervosa (AN) and their siblings regarding differential experiences within and external to the family including sibling interactions, parental treatment, relationships with peers and events that are unique to each sibling; (2) to compare how patients and their siblings perceive eating disorder symptoms, parental affection/control, social support and stigma; and (3) to test associations with family functioning for patients with AN and their siblings. METHOD A total of 26 patients paired with their siblings were recruited from an Eating Disorder Program and administered standardized instruments measuring different experiences within and external to the family, the impact of eating disorder behaviours, stigma, social support and family functioning. RESULTS Patients rated high on the differential experience of jealousy in contrast to their siblings. Patients scored higher than their siblings on eating symptoms, whereas siblings scored higher on social support. The impact of AN on the family, stigma towards the individual and family, and social support accounted for 37% of the variance in family functioning from the sibling perspective after controlling for age and gender. Of these variables, impact of AN on the family made the largest contribution. DISCUSSION Family-based and sibling-based interventions that aim to reduce the effects of the illness on the sibling relationship and the family are recommended.
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Shared genetic effects between age at menarche and disordered eating. J Adolesc Health 2012; 51:491-6. [PMID: 23084171 PMCID: PMC3479431 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2012.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2011] [Revised: 02/10/2012] [Accepted: 02/14/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An early age at menarche is associated with disordered eating in women. However, it is unclear whether they share genetic factors. The goal of the current study was to delineate the genetic correlation between age at menarche and disordered eating. METHODS Participants included 427 monozygotic and 329 dizygotic 16-17-year-old female twins from the Swedish Twin Study of Child and Adolescent Development. Disordered eating was assessed with the Eating Disorder Inventory-2. Age at menarche was assessed through self-report. A bivariate correlated factors model was used to delineate the genetic correlation between age at menarche and disordered eating. RESULTS The analysis revealed a negative genetic correlation of -.18 in the best-fit model, indicating that the genetic factors that influence younger age at menarche are associated with increased liability for disordered eating. CONCLUSIONS Future research should examine possible causes for this correlation, such as the estrogen system and gene-environment interactions.
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