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Liu J, Xie S, Hu Y, Ding Y, Zhang X, Liu W, Zhang L, Ma C, Kang Y, Jin S, Xia Y, Hu Z, Liu Z, Cheng W, Yang Z. Age-dependent alterations in the coordinated development of subcortical regions in adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2024; 33:51-64. [PMID: 36542201 DOI: 10.1007/s00787-022-02118-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Subcortical brain regions play essential roles in the pathology of social anxiety disorder (SAD). While adolescence is the peak period of SAD, the relationships between altered development of the subcortical regions during this period and SAD are still unclear. This study investigated the age-dependent alterations in structural co-variance among subcortical regions and between subcortical and cortical regions, aiming to reflect aberrant coordination during development in the adolescent with SAD. High-resolution T1-weighted images were obtained from 76 adolescents with SAD and 67 healthy controls (HC), ranging from 11 to 17.9 years. Symptom severity was evaluated with the Social Anxiety Scale for Children (SASC) and the Depression Self Rating Scale for Children (DSRS-C). Structural co-variance and sliding age-window analyses were used to detect age-dependent group differences in inter-regional coordination patterns among subcortical regions and between subcortical and cortical regions. The volume of the striatum significantly correlated with SAD symptom severity. The SAD group exhibited significantly enhanced structural co-variance among key regions of the striatum (putamen and caudate). While the co-variance decreased with age in healthy adolescents, the co-variance in SAD adolescents stayed high, leading to more apparent group differences in middle adolescence. Moreover, the striatum's mean structural co-variance with cortical regions decreased with age in HC but increased with age in SAD. Adolescents with SAD suffer aberrant developmental coordination among the key regions of the striatum and between the striatum and cortical regions. The degree of incoordination is age-dependent, which may represent a neurodevelopmental trait of SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200013, China
| | - Shuqi Xie
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200013, China
| | - Yang Hu
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200013, China
| | - Yue Ding
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200013, China
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200013, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200013, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200013, China
| | - Changminghao Ma
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200013, China
| | - Yinzhi Kang
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200013, China
| | - Shuyu Jin
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200013, China
| | - Yufeng Xia
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200013, China
| | - Zhishan Hu
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200013, China
| | - Zhen Liu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200013, China
| | - Wenhong Cheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200013, China.
| | - Zhi Yang
- Laboratory of Psychological Health and Imaging, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, No. 600 South Wanping Road, Shanghai, 200013, China.
- Institute of Psychological and Behavioral Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
- Brain Science and Technology Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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Li X, Zhu Y, Sun H, Shen Z, Sun J, Xiao S, He X, Liu B, Wang Y, Hu Y, Liu B, Liang Y, Jiang Y, Du J, Xu C, Fang J, Shao X. Electroacupuncture Inhibits Pain Memory and Related Anxiety-Like Behaviors by Blockading the GABA B Receptor Function in the Midcingulate Cortex. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:6613-6626. [PMID: 37468738 PMCID: PMC10533721 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03467-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Pain memory is commonly considered an underlying cause of chronic pain and is also responsible for a range of anxiety. Electroacupuncture (EA) has been shown to ameliorate pain memories and exert anti-anxiety effects. Previous research has indicated that GABAergic neurons and/or GABA receptors (GABARs) in the midcingulate cortex (MCC) have potential associations with chronic pain and anxiety. However, there is no known empirical research that has specifically studied the effects of EA on the GABAergic system in the MCC. Here, we used cross-injection of carrageenan to establish the pain memory rats model. Immunofluorescence were used to detect the excitability of GABAergic neurons within MCC. Von Frey filament, elevated zero maze, and open field tests were used to measure mechanical allodynia and anxiety-like behaviors, combined with chemogenetic and pharmacologic technologies. Finally, this study provides evidence that pain memories contribute to generalized negative emotions and that downregulating the activity of GABAergic neurons within MCC could block pain memories and reverse anxiety emotion. Specifically, GABABR is involved in pain memory and related anxiety-like behaviors. Activation of GABAergic neurons in the MCC did not reverse the effects of EA on pain memories and related anxiety-like behaviors, whereas these effects could be reversed by a GABABR agonist. These findings highlight the functional significance of GABABR in the EA-mediated attenuation of pain memories and related anxiety-like behaviors in rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yichen Zhu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Haiju Sun
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zui Shen
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jing Sun
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siqi Xiao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaofen He
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Boyu Liu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifang Wang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuxin Hu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Boyi Liu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Liang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongliang Jiang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Junying Du
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chi Xu
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianqiao Fang
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Xiaomei Shao
- The Third Clinical Medical College, Key Laboratory of Acupuncture and Neurology of Zhejiang Province, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, No.548 Binwen Road, Binjiang District, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China.
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Lin H, Bruchmann M, Straube T. Altered Putamen Activation for Social Comparison-Related Feedback in Social Anxiety Disorder: A Pilot Study. Neuropsychobiology 2023; 82:359-372. [PMID: 37717563 DOI: 10.1159/000531762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by abnormal processing of performance-related social stimuli. Previous studies have shown altered emotional experiences and activations of different sub-regions of the striatum during processing of social stimuli in patients with SAD. However, whether and to what extent social comparisons affect behavioural and neural responses to feedback stimuli in patients with SAD is unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS To address this issue, emotional ratings and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) responses were assessed while patients suffering from SAD and healthy controls (HC) were required to perform a choice task and received performance feedback (correct, incorrect, non-informative) that varied in relation to the performance of fictitious other participants (a few, half, or most of others had the same outcome). RESULTS Across all performance feedback conditions, fMRI analyses revealed reduced activations in bilateral putamen when feedback was assumed to be received by only a few compared to half of the other participants in patients with SAD. Nevertheless, analysis of rating data showed a similar modulation of valence and arousal ratings in patients with SAD and HC depending on social comparison-related feedback. CONCLUSIONS This suggests altered neural processing of performance feedback depending on social comparisons in patients with SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyan Lin
- Laboratory for Behavioral and Regional Finance, Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Applied Psychology, Guangdong University of Finance, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maximilian Bruchmann
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Thomas Straube
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Systems Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
- Otto Creutzfeldt Center for Cognitive and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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Beltzer ML, Daniel KE, Daros AR, Teachman BA. Examining social reinforcement learning in social anxiety. J Behav Ther Exp Psychiatry 2023; 80:101810. [PMID: 37247976 PMCID: PMC10227359 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbtep.2022.101810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Reinforcement learning biases have been empirically linked to anhedonia in depression and theoretically linked to social anhedonia in social anxiety disorder, but little work has directly assessed how socially anxious individuals learn from social reward and punishment. METHODS N = 157 individuals high and low in social anxiety symptoms completed a social probabilistic selection task that involved selecting between pairs of neutral faces with varying probabilities of changing to a happy or angry face. Computational modeling was performed to estimate learning rates. Accuracy in choosing the more rewarding face was also analyzed. RESULTS No significant group differences were found for learning rates. Contrary to hypotheses, participants high in social anxiety showed impaired punishment learning accuracy; they were more accurate at choosing the most rewarding face than they were at avoiding the most punishing face, and their punishment learning accuracy was lower than that of participants low in social anxiety. Secondary analyses found that high (vs. low) social anxiety participants were less accurate at selecting the more rewarding face on more (vs. less) punishing face pairs. LIMITATIONS Stimuli were static, White, facial images, which lack important social cues (e.g., movement, sound) and diversity, and participants were largely non-Hispanic, White undergraduates, whose social reinforcement learning may differ from individuals at different developmental stages and those holding more marginalized identities. CONCLUSIONS Socially anxious individuals may be less accurate at learning to avoid social punishment, which may maintain negative beliefs through an interpersonal stress generation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda L Beltzer
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, USA; Center for Behavioral Intervention Technologies, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, USA.
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Shany O, Dunsky N, Gilam G, Greental A, Gilboa-Schechtman E, Hendler T. Self-evaluation of social-rank in socially anxious individuals associates with enhanced striatal reward function. Psychol Med 2023; 53:4569-4579. [PMID: 35698849 PMCID: PMC10388315 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291722001453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2021] [Revised: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative self-views, especially in the domain of power (i.e. social-rank), characterize social anxiety (SA). Neuroimaging studies on self-evaluations in SA have mainly focused on subcortical threat processing systems. Yet, self-evaluation may concurrently invoke diverse affective processing, as motivational systems related to desired self-views may also be activated. To investigate the conflictual nature that may accompany self-evaluation of certain social domains in SA, we examined brain activity related to both threat and reward processing. METHODS Participants (N = 74) differing in self-reported SA-severity underwent fMRI while completing a self-evaluation task, wherein they judged the self-descriptiveness of high- v. low-intensity traits in the domains of power and affiliation (i.e. social connectedness). Participants also completed two auxiliary fMRI tasks designated to evoke reward- and threat-related activations in the ventral striatum (VS) and amygdala, respectively. We hypothesized that self-evaluations in SA, particularly in the domain of power, involve aberrant brain activity related to both threat and reward processing. RESULTS SA-severity was more negatively associated with power than with affiliation self-evaluations. During self-evaluative judgment of high-power (e.g. dominant), SA-severity associated with increased activity in the VS and ventromedial prefrontal cortex. Moreover, SA-severity correlated with higher similarity between brain activity patterns activated by high-power traits and patterns activated by incentive salience (i.e. reward anticipation) in the VS during the reward task. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicate that self-evaluation of high-power in SA involves excessive striatal reward-related activation, and pinpoint the downregulation of VS-VMPFC activity within such self-evaluative context as a potential neural outcome for therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ofir Shany
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Netta Dunsky
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Gadi Gilam
- Faculty of Dental Medicine, The Institute of Biomedical and Oral Research, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Ayam Greental
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Eva Gilboa-Schechtman
- Department of Psychology and the Gonda Brain Science Center, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Talma Hendler
- School of Psychological Sciences, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol Brain Institute, Tel-Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sagol School of Neuroscience, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
- Sackler School of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
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Carlton CN, Antezana L, Richey JA. Associations between resting-state neural connectivity and positive affect in social anxiety disorder. Brain Behav 2023; 13:e3006. [PMID: 37062915 PMCID: PMC10275543 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.3006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Social anxiety disorder (SAD) has been characterized by deficits in social motivation and lack of reactivity to pleasurable stimuli (i.e., positive affect; [PA]). Recent neuroimaging work has shifted toward examining positively valenced motivational systems in SAD focused on reward responses. However, little is known about the associations of reward connectivity and PA in individuals with SAD. As such, the purpose of the current study was to determine whether connectivity among key units of reward neurocircuitry meaningfully relate to PA and whether these key units are more heterogeneous in SAD as compared to controls. METHODS Thirty-one participants who met diagnostic criteria for SAD and 33 control participants were included (Mage = 24.8, SD = 6.9; 55% cisgender man). Seed-based timeseries correlations were conducted in NiTime to extract region of interest (ROI) coupling correlation strength values. ANOVAs were carried out to assess whether individuals with SAD differed in ROI-to-ROI connectivity strength as compared to controls. Correlations and variance analyses were also conducted to examine the relationship between ROI-to-ROI connectivity strength and PA, as well as heterogeneity in connectivity strength and PA expression. RESULTS Weaker connectivity between the left and right orbital frontal cortex was observed when comparing the SAD to the control group. Within the SAD group, PA was associated with several reward-related ROI couplings; however, these links were not observed among controls. Results further demonstrated that individuals with SAD had significantly more variability in reward connectivity strength as compared to controls. CONCLUSION Overall, these results provide emergent evidence for the association between reward regions and PA in individuals with SAD. Additionally, these findings show that individuals with SAD demonstrate greater heterogeneity in reward connectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - John A. Richey
- Department of PsychologyVirginia TechBlacksburgVirginia
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Pittsburgh School of MedicinePittsburghPennsylvania
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Hudd T, Moscovitch DA. Social anxiety inhibits needs repair following exclusion in both relational and non-relational reward contexts: The mediating role of positive affect. Behav Res Ther 2023; 162:104270. [PMID: 36746058 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2023.104270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The pain of social exclusion can motivate people to capitalize on opportunities to reconnect with others and repair their self-esteem and feelings of belongingness. This effect is often diminished for those with high social anxiety (HSA). Prior research suggests this may be due to their diminished capacity for recognizing and emotionally responding to relational reward cues. We investigated whether non-relational success experiences in the aftermath of exclusion may be an alternative means of repairing threatened self-esteem and belongingness in HSA individuals. In a preregistered, online study, we threatened belongingness and self-esteem in 422 participants by excluding them in a Cyberball game and then assigned them to one of three conditions: Relational Repair, Non-Relational Repair, or a No-Repair control condition. Results showed that both repair contexts facilitated needs repair relative to the no-repair control condition, and mediation analyses suggested this effect was driven by increased positive affect (PA). HSA individuals were less likely to restore needs regardless of condition and this effect appeared to be driven by low PA. Findings emphasize the critical role of PA for restoring threatened needs in the aftermath of exclusion and suggest that HSA inhibits needs repair processes across both relational and non-relational reward contexts.
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Mulders PCR, van Eijndhoven PFP, van Oort J, Oldehinkel M, Duyser FA, Kist JD, Collard RM, Vrijsen JN, Haak KV, Beckmann CF, Tendolkar I, Marquand AF. Striatal connectopic maps link to functional domains across psychiatric disorders. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:513. [PMID: 36513630 PMCID: PMC9747785 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02273-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transdiagnostic approaches to psychiatry have significant potential in overcoming the limitations of conventional diagnostic paradigms. However, while frameworks such as the Research Domain Criteria have garnered significant enthusiasm among researchers and clinicians from a theoretical angle, examples of how such an approach might translate in practice to understand the biological mechanisms underlying complex patterns of behaviors in realistic and heterogeneous populations have been sparse. In a richly phenotyped clinical sample (n = 186) specifically designed to capture the complex nature of heterogeneity and comorbidity within- and between stress- and neurodevelopmental disorders, we use exploratory factor analysis on a wide range of clinical questionnaires to identify four stable functional domains that transcend diagnosis and relate to negative valence, cognition, social functioning and inhibition/arousal before replicating them in an independent dataset (n = 188). We then use connectopic mapping to map inter-individual variation in fine-grained topographical organization of functional connectivity in the striatum-a central hub in motor, cognitive, affective and reward-related brain circuits-and use multivariate machine learning (canonical correlation analysis) to show that these individualized topographic representations predict transdiagnostic functional domains out of sample (r = 0.20, p = 0.026). We propose that investigating psychiatric symptoms across disorders is a promising path to linking them to underlying biology, and can help bridge the gap between neuroscience and clinical psychiatry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C. R. Mulders
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Radboud university medical center, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Philip F. P. van Eijndhoven
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Radboud university medical center, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper van Oort
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Radboud university medical center, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne Oldehinkel
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud university medical center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Fleur A. Duyser
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Radboud university medical center, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Josina D. Kist
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Radboud university medical center, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rose M. Collard
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Radboud university medical center, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Janna N. Vrijsen
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Radboud university medical center, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.491369.00000 0004 0466 1666Depression Expertise Centre, Pro Persona Mental Health Care, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Koen V. Haak
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian F. Beckmann
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.4991.50000 0004 1936 8948Centre for Functional MRI of the Brain (FMRIB), Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Indira Tendolkar
- grid.10417.330000 0004 0444 9382Radboud university medical center, Department of Psychiatry, Nijmegen, The Netherlands ,grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Andre F. Marquand
- grid.5590.90000000122931605Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Fliegel DK, Lichenstein SD. Systematic literature review of human studies assessing the efficacy of cannabidiol for social anxiety. PSYCHIATRY RESEARCH COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 2:100074. [PMID: 36875967 PMCID: PMC9983614 DOI: 10.1016/j.psycom.2022.100074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
The current review evaluates the potential of cannabidiol (CBD) as a promising pharmacotherapy for social anxiety disorder (SAD). Although a number of evidence-based treatments for SAD are available, less than a third of affected individuals experience symptom remission after one year of treatment. Therefore, improved treatment options are urgently needed, and CBD is one candidate medication that may have certain benefits over current pharmacotherapies, including the absence of sedating side effects, reduced abuse liability, and rapid course of action. The current review provides a brief overview of CBD's mechanisms of action, neuroimaging in SAD, and evidence for CBD's effects on the neural substrates of SAD, as well as systematically reviewing literature directly examining the efficacy of CBD for improving social anxiety among healthy volunteers and individuals with SAD. In both populations, acute CBD administration significantly decreased anxiety without co-occurring sedation. A single study has also shown chronic administration to decrease social anxiety symptoms in individuals with SAD. Collectively, the current literature suggests CBD may be a promising treatment for SAD. However, further research is needed to establish optimal dosing, assess the timecourse of CBD's anxiolytic effects, evaluate long-term CBD administration, and explore sex differences in CBD for social anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sarah D. Lichenstein
- Corresponding author. 1 Church Street 7th Floor New Haven, CT, 06510, USA., (S.D. Lichenstein)
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Zhang H, Li Y, Zheng P, Wu J, Huang Y, Tan X, Hu X, Wen L, Xie P, Zhou X, Yu G, Zhao L, Zhou C, Fang L, Xie P. Altered Metabolism of the Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Is Linked With Comorbid Anxiety in Fecal Recipient Mice of Myasthenia Gravis. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:804537. [PMID: 35591992 PMCID: PMC9111518 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.804537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Myasthenia gravis (MG) comorbid anxiety seriously affects the progress of MG. However, the exact relationship remains poorly understood. Recently, our preliminary study has revealed that intestinal microbe disturbance is closely related to MG. Therefore, further exploration of whether the microbiome is involved in MG comorbid anxiety is warranted. In this study, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics analysis was used to characterize the metabotype of feces, serum, and three brain regions involved in emotion (i.e., the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, and striatum), which were obtained from mice that were colonized with fecal microbiota from patients with MG (MMb), healthy individuals (HMb), or co-colonization of both patients and healthy individuals (CMb). Functional enrichment analysis was used to explore the correlation between the “microbiota–gut–brain” (MGB) axis and anxiety-like behavior. The behavioral test showed that female MMb exhibited anxiety-like behavior, which could be reversed by co-colonization. Moreover, metabolic characterization analysis of the MGB axis showed that the metabotype of gut-brain communication was significantly different between MMb and HMb, and 146 differential metabolites were jointly identified. Among these, 44 metabolites in feces; 12 metabolites in serum; 7 metabolites in hippocampus; 2 metabolites in prefrontal cortex; and 6 metabolites in striatum were reversed by co-colonization. Furthermore, the reversed gut microbiota mainly belonged to bacteroides and firmicutes, which were highly correlated with the reversed metabolites within the MGB axis. Among three emotional brain regions, hippocampus was more affected. Therefore, disturbances in gut microbiota may be involved in the progress of anxiety-like behavior in MG due to the MGB axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanping Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yifan Li
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Zheng
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Wu
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xunmin Tan
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xi Hu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lu Wen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peijun Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingyu Zhou
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Gang Yu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chanjuan Zhou
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liang Fang
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Kim MK, Eom H, Kwon JH, Kyeong S, Kim JJ. Neural effects of a short-term virtual reality self-training program to reduce social anxiety. Psychol Med 2022; 52:1296-1305. [PMID: 32880252 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720003098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Social anxiety disorder (SAD) is characterized by anxiety regarding social situations, avoidance of external social stimuli, and negative self-beliefs. Virtual reality self-training (VRS) at home may be a good interim modality for reducing social fears before formal treatment. This study aimed to find neurobiological evidence for the therapeutic effect of VRS. METHODS Fifty-two patients with SAD were randomly assigned to a VRS or waiting list (WL) group. The VRS group received an eight-session VRS program for 2 weeks, whereas the WL group received no intervention. Clinical assessments and functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning with the distress and speech evaluation tasks were repeatedly performed at baseline and after 3 weeks. RESULTS The post-VRS assessment showed significantly decreased anxiety and avoidance scores, distress index, and negative evaluation index for 'self', but no change in the negative evaluation index for 'other'. Patients showed significant responses to the distress task in various regions, including both sides of the prefrontal regions, occipital regions, insula, and thalamus, and to the speech evaluation task in the bilateral anterior cingulate cortex. Among these, significant neuronal changes after VRS were observed only in the right lingual gyrus and left thalamus. CONCLUSIONS VRS-induced improvements in the ability to pay attention to social stimuli without avoidance and even positively modulate emotional cues are based on functional changes in the visual cortices and thalamus. Based on these short-term neuronal changes, VRS can be a first intervention option for individuals with SAD who avoid society or are reluctant to receive formal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Kyeong Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyojung Eom
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Hee Kwon
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sunghyon Kyeong
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Jin Kim
- Institute of Behavioral Science in Medicine, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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12
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Elsaid S, Rubin-Kahana DS, Kloiber S, Kennedy SH, Chavez S, Le Foll B. Neurochemical Alterations in Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD): A Systematic Review of Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Studies. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23094754. [PMID: 35563145 PMCID: PMC9105768 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23094754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Objective: Considering that current knowledge of mechanisms involved in the molecular pathogenesis of Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) is limited, we conducted a systematic review to evaluate cumulative data obtained by Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic (1H MRS) studies. (2) Methods: A computer-based literature search of Medline, EMBASE, PsycInfo, and ProQuest was performed. Only cross-sectional studies using 1H MRS techniques in participants with SAD and healthy controls (HCs) were selected. (3) Results: The search generated eight studies. The results indicated regional abnormalities in the ‘fear neurocircuitry’ in patients with SAD. The implicated regions included the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC), dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC), insula, occipital cortex (OC), as well as the subcortical regions, including the thalamus, caudate, and the putamen. (4) Conclusions: The evidence derived from eight studies suggests that possible pathophysiological mechanisms of SAD include impairments in the integrity and function of neurons and glial cells, including disturbances in energy metabolism, maintenance of phospholipid membranes, dysregulations of second messenger systems, and excitatory/inhibitory neurocircuitry. Conducting more cross-sectional studies with larger sample sizes is warranted given the limited evidence in this area of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Elsaid
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; (S.E.); (D.S.R.-K.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (S.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.C.)
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Dafna S. Rubin-Kahana
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; (S.E.); (D.S.R.-K.)
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Stefan Kloiber
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (S.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.C.)
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - Sidney H. Kennedy
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (S.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.C.)
- Centre for Depression and Suicide Studies, Unity Health Toronto, Toronto, ON M5B 1M4, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, Toronto, ON M5B 1T8, Canada
- Krembil Research Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, ON M5T 0S8, Canada
- Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON N1E 6K9, Canada
| | - Sofia Chavez
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (S.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.C.)
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
| | - Bernard Le Foll
- Translational Addiction Research Laboratory, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5S 2S1, Canada; (S.E.); (D.S.R.-K.)
- Institute of Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada; (S.K.); (S.H.K.); (S.C.)
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 1A8, Canada
- Departments of Family and Community Medicine, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 1R8, Canada
- Addictions Division, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON M6J 1H3, Canada
- Waypoint Research Institute, Waypoint Centre for Mental Health Care, Penetanguishene, ON L9M 1G3, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-416-535-8501 (ext. 33111)
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13
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Auerbach RP, Pagliaccio D, Hubbard NA, Frosch I, Kremens R, Cosby E, Jones R, Siless V, Lo N, Henin A, Hofmann SG, Gabrieli JDE, Yendiki A, Whitfield-Gabrieli S, Pizzagalli DA. Reward-Related Neural Circuitry in Depressed and Anxious Adolescents: A Human Connectome Project. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2022; 61:308-320. [PMID: 33965516 PMCID: PMC8643367 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although depression and anxiety often have distinct etiologies, they frequently co-occur in adolescence. Recent initiatives have underscored the importance of developing new ways of classifying mental illness based on underlying neural dimensions that cut across traditional diagnostic boundaries. Accordingly, the aim of the study was to clarify reward-related neural circuitry that may characterize depressed-anxious youth. METHOD The Boston Adolescent Neuroimaging of Depression and Anxiety Human Connectome Project tested group differences regarding subcortical volume and nucleus accumbens activation during an incentive processing task among 14- to 17-year-old adolescents presenting with a primary depressive and/or anxiety disorder (n = 129) or no lifetime history of mental disorders (n = 64). In addition, multimodal modeling examined predictors of depression and anxiety symptom change over a 6-month follow-up period. RESULTS Our findings highlighted considerable convergence. Relative to healthy youth, depressed-anxious adolescents exhibited reduced nucleus accumbens volume and activation following reward receipt. These findings remained when removing all medicated participants (∼59% of depressed-anxious youth). Subgroup analyses comparing anxious-only, depressed-anxious, and healthy youth also were largely consistent. Multimodal modeling showed that only structural alterations predicted depressive symptoms over time. CONCLUSION Multimodal findings highlight alterations within nucleus accumbens structure and function that characterize depressed-anxious adolescents. In the current hypothesis-driven analyses, however, only reduced nucleus accumbens volume predicted depressive symptoms over time. An important next step will be to clarify why structural alterations have an impact on reward-related processes and associated symptoms.
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14
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Rapp AM, Tan PZ, Grammer JK, Gehring WJ, Miller GA, Chavira DA. Cultural group differences in the association of neural sensitivity to social feedback and social anxiety among diverse adolescents. J Psychiatr Res 2021; 143:400-408. [PMID: 34637997 PMCID: PMC8557129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychires.2021.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Social anxiety disproportionately impacts individuals from certain cultural and developmental groups, namely those from Latinx and Asian American cultures and adolescents. Neural sensitivity to social feedback has been shown to vary across individuals and could contribute to this disparity by further exacerbating differences; thus, this could be an important phenomenon for understanding, preventing, and treating social anxiety. The goal of the present study was to examine the association of social anxiety with a neural correlate of feedback processing, the feedback-related negativity (FRN), and determine if there was a moderating effect of racial/ethnic group. A community sample of 104 Latinx (n = 41), Asian American (n = 24), and non-Latinx White (NLW; n = 39) adolescents (ages 13-17) completed a computerized peer feedback task while continuous electroencephalogram was recorded. Social anxiety and FRN measures were differentially associated as a function of race/ethnicity. NLW adolescents demonstrated greater FRN responses to acceptance feedback as social anxiety increased, whereas FRN responses to both rejection and acceptance feedback were related to greater social anxiety for Asian American adolescents. Notably, the Latinx group showed the greatest FRN responses yet endorsed the least amount of social anxiety, with no relation between social anxiety and FRN detected. Results highlight cultural variation in the relation between neural correlates of self-regulatory processes and social anxiety. This information could guide culturally-informed models of social anxiety that adopt a multiple units of analysis framework.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy M. Rapp
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90095,Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY, USA, 10032,New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY USA, 10032
| | - Patricia Z. Tan
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90024,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, 3620 South McClintock Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90089
| | - Jennie K. Grammer
- Graduate School of Education and Information Studies, University of California, Los Angeles, 457 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90095
| | - William J. Gehring
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, 530 Church Street, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, 48109
| | - Gregory A. Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90095,Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Jane and Terry Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, 760 Westwood Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90024
| | - Denise A. Chavira
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, 502 Portola Plaza, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 90095
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15
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Hudd T, Moscovitch DA. Reconnecting in the Face of Exclusion: Individuals with High Social Anxiety May Feel the Push of Social Pain, but not the Pull of Social Rewards. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2021; 46:420-435. [PMID: 34421156 PMCID: PMC8369445 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-021-10263-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Previous research has shown that high levels of trait social anxiety (SA) disrupt the social repair processes following a painful social exclusion, but the cognitive mechanisms involved in these processes and how trait SA may disrupt them remain unknown. Methods We conducted a preregistered study on Prolific participants (N = 452) who were assigned to experience either social exclusion or inclusion and were then exposed to follow-up opportunities for social reconnection. Results Moderated mediation analyses revealed that irrespective of levels of SA, participants responded to social pain with heightened approach motivation and greater downstream positive affect. Exploratory analyses revealed that heightened desire to affiliate was driven by increased curiosity and attention to social rewards. Moreover, higher SA was associated with lower overall desire to affiliate and this relationship between SA and affiliation was mediated by diminished reward responsiveness. Conclusions Findings highlight the roles of goal pursuit and social reward responsiveness in social repair and how high levels of trait SA may disrupt these processes. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10608-021-10263-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taylor Hudd
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Mental Health Research and Treatment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L-3G1 Canada
| | - David A Moscovitch
- Department of Psychology and Centre for Mental Health Research and Treatment, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L-3G1 Canada
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16
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Yu X, Ruan Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Liu Y, Zhang J, Zhang L. Cognitive Neural Mechanism of Social Anxiety Disorder: A Meta-Analysis Based on fMRI Studies. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18115556. [PMID: 34067468 PMCID: PMC8196988 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18115556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The present meta-analysis aimed to explore the cognitive and neural mechanism of social anxiety disorder (SAD) from a whole-brain view, and compare the differences in brain activations under different task paradigms. Methods: We searched Web of Science Core Collection and other databases with the keywords related to social anxiety, social phobia, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) for comparing persons with SAD to healthy controls and used the activation likelihood estimation method. Thirty-seven papers met the inclusion criteria, including 15 with emotional faces as stimuli, 8 presenting specific situations as stimuli, and 14 using other types of tasks as stimuli. Among these papers, 654 participants were in the SAD group and 594 participants were in the control group with 335 activation increase points and 115 activation decrease points. Results: Whole-brain analysis showed that compared with healthy controls, persons with SAD showed significantly lower activation of the left anterior cingulate gyrus (MNI coordinate: x = −6, y = 22, z = 38; p 0.001). Sub-group analysis based on task indicated that when performing tasks with emotional faces as stimuli, persons with SAD showed significantly lower activation of the left cerebellar slope and fusiform gyrus (MNI coordinate: x = −26, y = −68, z = −12; p 0.001), and significantly higher activation of the right supramarginal gyrus and angular gyrus, than healthy controls (MNI coordinate: x = 58, y = −52, z = 30; p 0.001). Conclusion: Individuals with social anxiety disorder show abnormal activation in the cingulate gyrus, which is responsible for the process of attention control, and task type can influence the activation pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianglian Yu
- Department of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (X.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430056, China
| | - Yijun Ruan
- Department of Psychology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong 999077, China;
| | - Yawen Zhang
- Department of Medical Psychology, School of Health Humanities, Peking University, Beijing 100191, China;
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (X.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yuting Liu
- Department of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (X.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jibiao Zhang
- Department of Education, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China; (X.Y.); (J.W.); (Y.L.)
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-151-1631-9551 (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-186-2215-2329 (L.Z.)
| | - Lin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior, Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Human Development and Mental Health of Hubei Province, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430056, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (L.Z.); Tel.: +86-151-1631-9551 (J.Z.); Tel.: +86-186-2215-2329 (L.Z.)
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17
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Gerrans P, Murray RJ. Interoceptive active inference and self-representation in social anxiety disorder (SAD): exploring the neurocognitive traits of the SAD self. Neurosci Conscious 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/nc/niaa026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This article provides an interoceptive active inference (IAI) account of social anxiety disorder (SAD). Through a neurocognitive framework, we argue that the cognitive and behavioural profile of SAD is best conceived of as a form of maladaptive IAI produced by a negatively biased self-model that cannot reconcile inconsistent tendencies to approach and avoid social interaction. Anticipated future social interactions produce interoceptive prediction error (bodily states of arousal). These interoceptive states are transcribed and experienced as states of distress due to the influence of inconsistent and unstable self-models across a hierarchy of interrelated systems involved in emotional, interoceptive and affective processing. We highlight the role of the insula cortex, in concert with the striatum, amygdala and dorsal anterior cingulate in the generation and reduction of interoceptive prediction errors as well as the resolution of social approach-avoidance conflict. The novelty of our account is a shift in explanatory priority from the representation of the social world in SAD to the representation of the SAD self. In particular, we show how a high-level conceptual self-model of social vulnerability and inadequacy fails to minimize prediction errors produced by a basic drive for social affiliation combined with strong avoidant tendencies. The result is a cascade of interoceptive prediction errors whose attempted minimization through action (i.e. active inference) yields the symptom profile of SAD. We conclude this article by proposing testable hypotheses to further investigate the neurocognitive traits of the SAD self with respect to IAI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Gerrans
- Department of Philosophy, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Ryan J Murray
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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18
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Zoicas I, Mühle C, Schmidtner AK, Gulbins E, Neumann ID, Kornhuber J. Anxiety and Depression Are Related to Higher Activity of Sphingolipid Metabolizing Enzymes in the Rat Brain. Cells 2020; 9:cells9051239. [PMID: 32429522 PMCID: PMC7290887 DOI: 10.3390/cells9051239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/13/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Changes in sphingolipid metabolism have been suggested to contribute to the pathophysiology of major depression. In this study, we investigated the activity of acid and neutral sphingomyelinases (ASM, NSM) and ceramidases (AC, NC), respectively, in twelve brain regions of female rats selectively bred for high (HAB) versus low (LAB) anxiety-like behavior. Concomitant with their highly anxious and depressive-like phenotype, HAB rats showed increased activity of ASM and NSM as well as of AC and NC in multiple brain regions associated with anxiety- and depressive-like behavior, including the lateral septum, hypothalamus, ventral hippocampus, ventral and dorsal mesencephalon. Strong correlations between anxiety-like behavior and ASM activity were found in female HAB rats in the amygdala, ventral hippocampus and dorsal mesencephalon, whereas NSM activity correlated with anxiety levels in the dorsal mesencephalon. These results provide novel information about the sphingolipid metabolism, especially about the sphingomyelinases and ceramidases, in major depression and comorbid anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Zoicas
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.M.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-9131-85-46005; Fax: +49-9131-85-36381
| | - Christiane Mühle
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.M.); (J.K.)
| | - Anna K. Schmidtner
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (A.K.S.); (I.D.N.)
- Edmond and Lily Safra Center for Brain Sciences, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 9190401, Israel
| | - Erich Gulbins
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, 45147 Essen, Germany;
| | - Inga D. Neumann
- Department of Behavioural and Molecular Neurobiology, University of Regensburg, 93040 Regensburg, Germany; (A.K.S.); (I.D.N.)
| | - Johannes Kornhuber
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), 91054 Erlangen, Germany; (C.M.); (J.K.)
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Modulation of feedback processing by social context in social anxiety disorder (SAD)-an event-related potentials (ERPs) study. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4795. [PMID: 30886233 PMCID: PMC6423138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41268-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The ability to learn from feedback, especially under social scrutiny, is an essential prerequisite for successful interaction with the environment. Patients suffering from social anxiety disorder (SAD) have been proposed to show altered processing of and learning from feedback, especially depending on social context. However, the neural basis and behavioral consequences of altered reinforcement learning in SAD are not clear yet. In the present event-related potentials (ERPs) study, 34 SAD patients and 30 healthy control subjects (HC) performed an adapted version of a probabilistic feedback learning task in two distinct social conditions. In the observation condition, participants were observed by a confederate; in the control condition, they performed the task without being observed. Patients as compared to healthy controls experienced more subjective discomfort under social observation. Moreover, they showed better learning from negative feedback in the control condition, but reduced learning from negative feedback in the observation condition. This effect correlated with reduced differentiation of positive and negative feedback in the time range of the feedback-related negativity (FRN) under high action-feedback contingency. In addition, SAD patients demonstrated increased FRN amplitudes in the first half of the observation condition, in particular to positive feedback. The present results demonstrate that processing of and learning from feedback are altered in SAD, especially under social scrutiny. In particular, it appears that SAD patients do not process positive information adequately on the neural level, which may impair their ability to differentiate between negative and positive outcomes.
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Phasic amygdala and BNST activation during the anticipation of temporally unpredictable social observation in social anxiety disorder patients. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 22:101735. [PMID: 30878610 PMCID: PMC6423472 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Revised: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Anticipation of potentially threatening social situations is a key process in social anxiety disorder (SAD). In other anxiety disorders, recent research of neural correlates of anticipation of temporally unpredictable threat suggests a temporally dissociable involvement of amygdala and bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) with phasic amygdala responses and sustained BNST activation. However, the temporal profile of amygdala and BNST responses during temporal unpredictability of threat has not been investigated in patients suffering from SAD. We used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to investigate neural activation in the central nucleus of the amygdala (CeA) and the BNST during anticipation of temporally unpredictable aversive (video camera observation) relative to neutral (no camera observation) events in SAD patients compared to healthy controls (HC). For the analysis of fMRI data, we applied two regressors (phasic/sustained) within the same model to detect temporally dissociable brain responses. The aversive condition induced increased anxiety in patients compared to HC. SAD patients compared to HC showed increased phasic activation in the CeA and the BNST for anticipation of aversive relative to neutral events. SAD patients as well as HC showed sustained activity alterations in the BNST for aversive relative to neutral anticipation. No differential activity during sustained threat anticipation in SAD patients compared to HC was found. Taken together, our study reveals both CeA and BNST involvement during threat anticipation in SAD patients. The present results point towards potentially SAD-specific threat processing marked by elevated phasic but not sustained CeA and BNST responses when compared to HC. fMRI in SAD during anticipation of temporally unpredictable aversive events. Anticipation of social observation induces increased anxiety in SAD patients. SAD patients show elevated phasic activity in fundamental anxiety network regions. Evidence of SAD-specific threat processing.
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Yun JY, Kim KH, Joo GJ, Kim BN, Roh MS, Shin MS. Changing characteristics of the empathic communication network after empathy-enhancement program for medical students. Sci Rep 2018; 8:15092. [PMID: 30305683 PMCID: PMC6180138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-33501-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The Empathy-Enhancement Program for Medical Students (EEPMS) comprises five consecutive weekly sessions and aims to improve medical students' empathic ability, an essential component of humanistic medical professionalism. Using a graph theory approach for the Ising network (based on l1-regularized logistic regression) comprising emotional regulation, empathic understanding of others' emotion, and emotional expressivity, this study aimed to identify the central components or hubs of empathic communication and the changed profile of integration among these hubs after the EEPMS. Forty medical students participated in the EEPMS and completed the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21, the Empathy Quotient-Short Form, the Jefferson Scale of Empathy, and the Emotional Expressiveness Scale at baseline and after the EEPMS. The Ising model-based network of empathic communication was retrieved separately at two time points. Agitation, self-efficacy for predicting others' feelings, emotional concealment, active emotional expression, and emotional leakage ranked in the top 20% in terms of nodal strength and betweenness and closeness centralities, and they became hubs. After the EEPMS, the 'intentional emotional expressivity' component became less locally segregated (P = 0.014) and more directly integrated into those five hubs. This study shows how to quantitatively describe the qualitative item-level effects of the EEPMS. The key role of agitation in the network highlights the importance of stress management in preserving the capacity for empathic communication. The training effect of EEPMS, shown by the reduced local segregation and enhanced integration of 'intentional emotional expressivity' with hubs, suggests that the EEPMS could enable medical students to develop competency in emotional expression, which is an essential component of empathic communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Je-Yeon Yun
- Yeongeon Student Support Centre, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
- Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Kyoung Hee Kim
- Yeongeon Student Support Centre, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Jae Joo
- Yeongeon Student Support Centre, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Bung Nyun Kim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Myoung-Sun Roh
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Sup Shin
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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