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The effect of dehydration and rehydration on salt loss in the second-stage larvae of Anguina tritici. Parasitology 2009. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182000066944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
SUMMARYThe effect of repeated dehydration and hydration on the salt content of 2nd-stage larvae of Anguina tritici was studied. The sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium contents of the larvae after subjection to varying periods of desiccation and rehydration were determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry and flame photometry. External cation concentrations on the cuticle of the head, middle body and tail regions were determined semi-quantitatively with scanning electron microscopy in conjunction with X-ray analysis (EDAX). Salt concentrations decreased with each dehydration/rehydration cycle. The greatest loss occurred on revival from the first desiccation period. The results indicated that A. tritici was incapable of regulating it's internal sodium content during revival, but suggested a limited ability to control potassium, magnesium and calcium loss. Salt loss through the nematode cuticle was restricted to potassium and calcium during desiccation. The salt losses encountered are discussed in relation to nematode osmoregulation and to the survival of the nematode in the anhydrobiotic state.
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Cribier S, Morrot G, Neumann JM, Devaux PF. Lateral diffusion of erythrocyte phospholipids in model membranes comparison between inner and outer leaflet components. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL : EBJ 1990; 18:33-41. [PMID: 2155112 DOI: 10.1007/bf00185418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The physical properties of lipid bilayers with a similar composition to the outer and inner leaflets of the human erythrocyte membrane have been examined in protein-free model systems. The outer leaflet (OL) was represented by a phospholipid mixture containing phosphatidylcholine and sphingomyelin extracted from human erythrocytes, while a mixture of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine and phosphatidylethanolamine represented the inner leaflet (IL). The ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid was varied in both mixtures. The lateral diffusion coefficient of fluorescent phospholipids diluted in such lipid mixtures was determined by the modulated fringe pattern photobleaching technique. Contrast curves with a single exponential decay, indicative of homogeneous samples, were obtained only for temperatures above 15 degrees C and for a cholesterol to phospholipid molar ratio below 0.8. The rate of lateral diffusion was approximately five times faster in IL than in OL multilayers, in agreement with former results obtained in human erythrocytes (Morrot et al. 1986). Varying the cholesterol to phospholipid ratio from 0 to 0.8 (mol/mol) enabled us to decrease the diffusion constant by only a factor of approximately 2 for both IL and OL mixtures. The order parameter of a spin-labeled phospholipid was determined in the different systems and found to be systematically smaller in IL mixtures than in OL mixtures. The present study indicates that the difference in lipid diffusivity of the two erythrocyte leaflets may be accounted for solely by a difference in phospholipid composition, and may be independent of cholesterol and protein asymmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Cribier
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Paris, France
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Orme FW, Moronne MM, Macey RI. Modification of the erythrocyte membrane dielectric constant by alcohols. J Membr Biol 1988; 104:57-68. [PMID: 3184178 DOI: 10.1007/bf01871902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Aliphatic alcohols are found to stimulate the transmembrane fluxes of a hydrophobic cation (tetraphenylarsonium, TPA) and anion (AN-12) 5-20 times in red blood cells. The results are analyzed using the Born-Parsegian equation (Parsegian, A., 1969, Nature (London) 221:844-846), together with the Clausius-Mossotti equation to calculate membrane dielectric energy barriers. Using established literature values of membrane thickness, native membrane dielectric constant, TPA ionic radius, and alcohol properties (partition coefficient, molar volume, dielectric constant), the TPA permeability data is predicted remarkably well by theory. If the radius of AN-12 is taken as 1.9 A, its permeability in the presence of butanol is also described by our analysis. Further, the theory quantitatively accounts for the data of Gutknecht and Tosteson (Gutknecht, J., Tosteson, D.C., 1970, J. Gen. Physiol. 55:359-374) covering alcohol-induced conductivity changes of 3 orders of magnitude in artificial bilayers. Other explanations including perturbations of membrane fluidity, surface charge, membrane thickness, and dipole potential are discussed. However, the large magnitude of the stimulation, the more pronounced effect on smaller ions, and the acceleration of both anions and cations suggest membrane dielectric constant change as the primary basis of alcohol effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- F W Orme
- Department of Physiology-Anatomy, University of California, Berkeley 94720
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Gaggelli E, Niccolai N, Valensin G. 1H-NMR relaxation investigation of water bound to bovine rod outer segment disk membranes. Biophys J 1982; 37:559-61. [PMID: 7059654 PMCID: PMC1328837 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(82)84701-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Spin-lattice relaxation times T(1) in deuterated aqueous dispersions of lecithin and rod outer segment disk membranes were measured at various concentrations and temperatures. Fast chemical exchange between two loosely defined phases of water molecules was shown to fit the data, allowing the dynamic features of "bound" water and the hydration of the biological membrane to be evaluated. The state of the water was shown to be also involved in vision physiology.
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Abstract
X-ray and neutron diffraction methods provide some information about the distribution of mass in biological membranes and lipid-water systems. Scattering density profiles obtained from these systems, however, usually are not directly interpretable in terms of the relative amounts of chemical constituents (e.g., lipid, protein, and water) as a function of position in the membrane. We demonstrate here that the combined use of x-ray and neutron-scattering profiles, together with information on the total amounts of each of the major membrane components, are sufficient to calculate unambiguously the volume fractions of these components at well-defined regions of the lamellar unit. Three cases are considered: a calculated model membrane pair, dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine-water multilayers, and rabbit sciatic nerve myelin. For the model system, we discuss the limitations imposed by finite resolution in the diffraction patterns. For the lipid-water multilayers, we calculate water volume fractions in the hydrocarbon tail, lipid headgroup, and interlamellar regions; estimates of these values by various methods are in good agreement with our results. For the nerve myelin, we predict new results for the distribution of protein through the membrane.
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Baumgärtner A. Collapse of a polymer : evidence for tricritical behaviour in two dimensions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1982. [DOI: 10.1051/jphys:019820043090140700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
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9
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Toivio-Kinnucan MA, Stushnoff C. Lipid participation in intracellular freezing avoidance mechanisms of lettuce seed. Cryobiology 1981; 18:72-8. [PMID: 7471797 DOI: 10.1016/0011-2240(81)90007-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Worthington CR, McIntosh TJ, Lalitha S. An x-ray study of the effect of enzymes on frog sciatic nerve myelin. Arch Biochem Biophys 1980; 201:429-36. [PMID: 7396515 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(80)90531-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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Crowe JH, O'Dell SJ, Armstrong DA. Anhydrobiosis in nematodes: Permeability during rehydration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1002/jez.1402070311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Schneider AS, Middaugh CR, Oldewurtel MD. Role of bound water in biological membrane structure: fluorescence and infrared studies. JOURNAL OF SUPRAMOLECULAR STRUCTURE 1979; 10:265-75. [PMID: 459513 DOI: 10.1002/jss.400100215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bound water is a major component of biological membranes and is required for the structural stability of the lipid bilayer. It has also been postulated that it is involved in water transport, membrane fusion, and mobility of membrane proteins and lipids. We have measured the fluorescence emission of membrane-bound 1-anilino-8-naphthalenesulfonate (ANS) and the infrared spectra of membranes, both as a function of hydration. ANS fluorescence is sensitive to polarity and fluidity of the membrane-aqueous interface, while infrared absorption is sensitive to the hydrogen bonding and vibrational motion of water and membrane proteins and lipids. The fluorescence results provide evidence of increasing rigidity and/or decreasing polarity of the membrane-aqueous interface with removal of water. The membrane infrared spectra show prominent hydration-dependent changes in a number of bands with possible assignments to cholesterol (vinyl CH bend, OH stretch), protein (amide A, II, V), and bound water (OH stretch). Further characterization of the bound water should allow its incorporation into current models of membrane structure and give insight into the role of membrane hydration in cell surface function.
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Lingard PS. Capillary pore rheology of erythrocytes. III. On the interpretation of human erythrocyte behaviour in narrow capillary pores. Microvasc Res 1977; 13:29-58. [PMID: 859451 DOI: 10.1016/0026-2862(77)90114-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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16
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Finch ED, Schneider AS. Mobility of water bound to biological membranes. A proton NMR relaxation study. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1975; 406:146-54. [PMID: 1174573 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(75)90049-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Water proton nuclear magnetic resonance relaxation measurements have been obtained for aqueous suspensions of red cell membranes. These data support a model in which water molecules are exchanging rapidly between a bound phase with restricted motions and a free phase with dynamic properties similar to liquid water. From this model and these data, estimates are obtained for the relaxation time for bound phase water. Possible relaxation mechanisms for bound phase water are discussed and some support is found for an intermolecular interaction modulated by translational motions characterized by a diffusion constant of 10(-9) cm2/s.
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Lalitha S, Worthington CR. The swelling property of central nervous system nerves using x-ray diffraction. J Mol Biol 1975; 96:625-39. [PMID: 1195368 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(75)90142-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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18
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Stamatoff JB, Krimm S, Harvie NR. X-ray diffraction studies of human erythrocyte membrane structure. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1975; 72:531-4. [PMID: 1054837 PMCID: PMC432346 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.72.2.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Small angle x-ray diffraction patterns have been obtained from ordered arrays of hemoglobin-free human erthyrocyte membranes by use of improved techniques. Diffraction data have been recorded to 9 A resolution on samples whose lattice periodicity was varied (by changing humidity) from 55.5 A to 69.6 A. The observed reflections permitted tracing the intensity transform of the membranes. Phases for the reflections were assigned by the minimum wavelength principle. An electron density profile was then obtained by Fourier inversion, and yielded a symmetric membrane about 55 A in width. This structure can account for the previously reported diffuse scattering observed in other preparations (thus rendering unnecessary the proposed assignment of this scattering to a separated lipoprotein phase) and for the continuous scattering that we have recorded from isolated membranes in buffer. Lower resolution data that we have obtained from ultracentrifugally prepared lattices in buffer (and therefore without dehydration) are consistent with the above results, and support our view that we are observing diffraction from intact membranes.
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Arrio B, Chevallier J, Jullien M, Yon J, Calvayrac R. Description by quasi elastic laser light scattering of a biological preparation: sarcoplasmic reticulum vesicles. J Membr Biol 1974; 18:95-112. [PMID: 4371544 DOI: 10.1007/bf01870105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Bretag AH, Davis BR, Kerr DI. Potassium conductance models related to an interactive subunit membrane. J Membr Biol 1974; 16:363-80. [PMID: 4838003 DOI: 10.1007/bf01872424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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Worthington CR, McIntosh TJ. Direct determination of the lamellar structure of peripheral nerve myelin at moderate resolution (7A). Biophys J 1974; 14:703-29. [PMID: 4547392 PMCID: PMC1334569 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(74)85946-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Low-angle X-ray diffraction patterns have been recorded from normal nerve and nerve swollen in glycerol solutions. The new X-ray data have a resolution of 7 A. Direct methods of structure analysis which include deconvolution of the auto-correlation function and sampling theorem reconstructions have been used in the interpretation of the X-ray data. Phases have been assigned to the first 12 orders of diffraction from normal nerve. Fourier syntheses at a resolution of 7 A are described and an absolute electron density scale is derived. A possible molecular interpretation of the electron density profile is given.
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24
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Gallucci VF, Shames IH. An electrostatic computer model of a biological membrane. Comput Biol Med 1974; 1:263-77. [PMID: 4838252 DOI: 10.1016/0010-4825(71)90003-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
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25
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Parsons DF, Matricardi VR, Moretz RC, Turner JN. Electron microscopy and diffraction of wet unstained and unfixed biological objects. ADVANCES IN BIOLOGICAL AND MEDICAL PHYSICS 1974; 15:161-270. [PMID: 4135010 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-005215-8.50012-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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McIntosh TJ, Worthington CR. The lamellar structure of nerve myelin after rehydration. Arch Biochem Biophys 1974; 162:523-9. [PMID: 4407305 DOI: 10.1016/0003-9861(74)90212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Low angle x-ray diffraction and biology. J Biol Phys 1974. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02309370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Costerton JW, Ingram JM, Cheng KJ. Structure and function of the cell envelope of gram-negative bacteria. BACTERIOLOGICAL REVIEWS 1974; 38:87-110. [PMID: 4601163 PMCID: PMC413842 DOI: 10.1128/br.38.1.87-110.1974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Ochsenfahrt H, Winne D. The contribution of solvent drag to the intestinal absorption of the acidic drugs benzoic acid and salicylic acid from the jejunum of the rat. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 1974; 281:197-217. [PMID: 4273719 DOI: 10.1007/bf00503498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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31
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Akers CK. The application of small angle x-ray diffraction techniques for the study of membranes. Methods Enzymol 1974; 32:211-20. [PMID: 4444524 DOI: 10.1016/0076-6879(74)32022-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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32
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Seligman ML, Demopoulos HB. Spin-probe analysis of membrane perturbations produced by chemical and physical agents. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1973; 222:640-67. [PMID: 4361875 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1973.tb15292.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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33
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Cotlier E. 86 Rb transport, water and cation concentrations in lenses exposed to polymyxin B sulfate. Exp Eye Res 1973; 15:711-22. [PMID: 4351532 DOI: 10.1016/0014-4835(73)90005-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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34
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Forge A, Costerton JW, Kerr KA. Freeze-etching and x-ray diffraction of the isolated double-track layer from the cell wall of a gram-negative marine pseudomonad. J Bacteriol 1973; 113:445-51. [PMID: 4120201 PMCID: PMC251647 DOI: 10.1128/jb.113.1.445-451.1973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The isolated double-track layer of the cell wall of the gram-negative marine pseudomonad studied here contains a cleavage plane. This finding localizes the single cleavage plane of the cell wall and shows that the molecular architecture of this layer provides the lipid-enriched layer which cleaves preferentially in the frozen cell. The observation that the isolated double-track layer of the cell wall is sufficiently ordered at the molecular level to yield a well-defined X-ray diffraction pattern with a d-spacing of 0.44 nm shows that its molecular architecture is very similar to that of true membranes. This specific d-spacing is produced by the highly ordered packing of the hydrophobic portions of phospholipid molecules. Therefore, the double-track layer of the cell wall has been shown, by these two biophysical means, to have a molecular architecture which would allow it to function as the membrane-like "molecular sieve" layer, whose presence has been deduced from physiological data. This layer is important in the retention of cell wall-associated enzymes and in the control of the movement of large molecules through the cell wall.
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X-Ray Diffraction Studies on Biological Membranes1 1Original work by the author and associates discussed in this review was supported by U.S. Public Health Service Grant NS 09329. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1973. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-152505-7.50008-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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37
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Water in biological membranes: Adsorption isotherms and circular dichroism as a function of hydration. J Membr Biol 1972; 9:127-40. [DOI: 10.1007/bf01868048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/1972] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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38
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Bretscher MS. Phosphatidyl-ethanolamine: differential labelling in intact cells and cell ghosts of human erythrocytes by a membrane-impermeable reagent. J Mol Biol 1972; 71:523-8. [PMID: 4648341 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-2836(72)80020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 243] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Solaro RJ, Gertz EW, Briggs FN. Sucrose antagonism of drug and temperature effects on cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 1972; 255:751-6. [PMID: 5020223 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(72)90388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Bretscher MS. Asymmetrical lipid bilayer structure for biological membranes. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1972; 236:11-2. [PMID: 4502419 DOI: 10.1038/newbio236011a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 371] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
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42
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Levine YK. Physical studies of membrane structure. PROGRESS IN BIOPHYSICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 1972; 24:1-74. [PMID: 4345653 DOI: 10.1016/0079-6107(72)90003-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Bacetti B, Bigliardi E, Rosati F. The spermatozoon of Arthropoda. 13. The cell surface. JOURNAL OF ULTRASTRUCTURE RESEARCH 1971; 35:582-605. [PMID: 4335053 DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5320(71)80013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Wilkins MH, Blaurock AE, Engelman DM. Bilayer structure in membranes. NATURE: NEW BIOLOGY 1971; 230:72-6. [PMID: 5279041 DOI: 10.1038/newbio230072a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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