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Rehman S, Rantam FA, Batool K, Shehzad A, Effendi MH, Witaningrum AM, Bilal M, Elziyad Purnama MT. Emerging threats and vaccination strategies of H9N2 viruses in poultry in Indonesia: A review. F1000Res 2022; 11:548. [PMID: 35844820 PMCID: PMC9253659 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.118669.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Avian influenza virus subtype H9N2 was first documented in Indonesia in 2017. It has become prevalent in chickens in many provinces of Indonesia as a result of reassortment in live bird markets. Low pathogenic avian influenza subtype H9N2 virus-infected poultry provides a new direction for the influenza virus. According to the latest research, the Indonesian H9N2 viruses may have developed through antigenic drift into a new genotype, posing a significant hazard to poultry and public health. The latest proof of interspecies transmission proposes that the next human pandemic variant will be the avian influenza virus subtype H9N2. Manipulation and elimination of H9N2 viruses in Indonesia, constant surveillance of viral mutation, and vaccine updates are required to achieve effectiveness. The current review examines should be investigates/assesses/report on the development and evolution of newly identified H9N2 viruses in Indonesia and their vaccination strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saifur Rehman
- Division of Veterinary Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Islamic, 40050, Pakistan
| | - Fedik Abdul Rantam
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Khadija Batool
- Medicine, Service Institute of Medical Sciences, Lahore,, Punjab, 40050, Pakistan
| | - Aamir Shehzad
- Laboratory of Virology and Immunology Division of Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Mustofa Helmi Effendi
- Division of Veterinary Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Adiana Mutamsari Witaningrum
- Division of Veterinary Public Health Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Bilal
- Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, Islamic, 40050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Thohawi Elziyad Purnama
- Division of Veterinary Anatomy, Department of Veterinary Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, East Java, 60115, Indonesia
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Fellahi S, Nassik S, Maaroufi I, Tligui NS, Touzani CD, Rawi T, Delvecchio A, Ducatez MF, Houadfi ME. Pathogenesis of Avian Influenza Virus Subtype H9N2 in Turkeys and Evaluation of Inactivated Vaccine Efficacy. Avian Dis 2021; 65:46-51. [PMID: 34339121 DOI: 10.1637/aviandiseases-d-20-00067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Avian influenza H9N2 viruses circulate in all types of poultry species, including turkeys, and cause significant losses for the poultry industry in many parts of the word. The aim of this study was to assess the pathogenesis of the Moroccan avian influenza virus (AIV) H9N2 under experimental conditions in turkeys and the protection efficacy of an inactivated commercial vaccine against AIV H9N2. Unvaccinated turkeys showed marked depression sinusitis, respiratory distress characterized by bronchiolar and tracheal rales of moderate severity, and a mortality rate of 50%. Postmortem examinations of dead and euthanatized birds revealed the presence of fibrinous tracheitis and airsacculitis lesions. Vaccination reduced the mortality rate to 20%. Vaccinated birds recovered at day 10 postchallenge, and only 12.5% (1/8) and 37.5% of birds still displayed fibrinous and nonfibrinous airsacculitis lesions, respectively, at day 15 postinoculation. Viral shedding in cloacal and tracheal swabs was lower in vaccinated than in control birds. Although viral RNA was detected in the cloacal swabs of all unvaccinated turkeys at day 3 postinoculation, only 50% of the vaccinated turkeys were positive for virus detection. At day 11 postinoculation, no viral RNA was detected in oropharyngeal swabs of vaccinated turkeys, whereas 40% of the unvaccinated turkeys were still shedding virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siham Fellahi
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco, ,
| | - Saadia Nassik
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Imane Maaroufi
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Nour-Said Tligui
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Charifa Drissi Touzani
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
| | | | | | | | - Mohamed El Houadfi
- Unité de Pathologie Aviaire, Département de Pathologie et Santé Publique Vétérinaire, Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire Hassan II, Rabat, Morocco
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Insights into the role of turkeys as potential intermediate host for influenza viruses. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933916000520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Chicken infectious anaemia, an immunosuppressive disease of poultry birds. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933914000828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Recent developments in DNA vaccination approaches against poultry coccidiosis and its future endeavours. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933914000336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Emerging threat of H9N2 viruses in poultry of Pakistan and vaccination strategy. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2019. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933916000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Abstract
Avian infectious bronchitis (IB) is caused by avian infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) belonging to Coronaviridae family. The disease is prevalent in all countries with almost 100% incidence rate. Chicken and commercially reared pheasant are the natural host for IBV. Virus causes respiratory diseases, poor weight gain, feed efficiency in broiler, damage to oviduct, and abnormal egg production in mature hens resulting in economic losses. IBV also replicates in tracheal and renal epithelial cells leading to prominent tracheal and kidney lesions. Virus undergoes spontaneous mutation leading to continual emergence of new variants. The effectiveness of immunization program is diminished because of poor cross-protection among the serotypes. Identification of circulating serotypes is important in controlling IBV infection. Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) and TLR21 are involved in early recognition of virus resulting in induction of inflammatory cytokines. Both humoral and cellular immune responses are important in the control of infection. Humoral immunity plays an important role in recovery and clearance of viral infection. IBV-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes induce lysis of IBV-infected cells. Effective diagnostic tools are required at field level to identify different IBV variants. Embryonated chicken eggs are effective model for virus isolation. Identification by other specific methods like virus neutralization (VN), hemagglutination inhibition (HI), enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), immunohistochemistry, or nucleic acid analysis or by electron microscopy is also indispensable. VN test in tracheal organ culture is the best method for antigenic typing for surveillance purposes. Continuous epidemiological surveillance, strict biosecurity measures, and vaccine effective against various serotypes are necessary for controlling IB in chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashpal Singh Malik
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Raj Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Mahendra Pal Yadav
- ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute (ICAR-IVRI), Izatnagar, Uttar Pradesh, India, Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel University of Agriculture and Technology, Meerut, India
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RETRACTED ARTICLE: Emergence of new sub-genotypes of Newcastle disease virus in Pakistan. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2017. [DOI: 10.1017/s0043933917000411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Kostina LV, Zaberezhnyy AD, Grebennikova TV, Antipova NV, Aliper TI, Nepoklonov EA. Vaccines against avian influenza in poultry. Vopr Virusol 2017; 62:53-60. [PMID: 36494928 DOI: 10.18821/0507-4088-2017-62-2-53-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The review presents the latest data about the types of vaccines against avian influenza that are used in current medical practice or are under development. Inactivated whole virion vaccines, live vector vaccines, as well as experimental vaccines developed using genetic engineering techniques (e.g. subunit vaccines, VLP vaccines, DNA vaccines) were considered. The efficiency of influenza reverse genetic technology for the development of prototype vaccine strains was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Kostina
- Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya
| | - A D Zaberezhnyy
- Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya.,Y.R. Kovalenko All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary
| | - T V Grebennikova
- Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya
| | | | - T I Aliper
- Federal Research Centre of Epidemiology and Microbiology named after the honorary academician N.F. Gamaleya.,Y.R. Kovalenko All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Experimental Veterinary
| | - E A Nepoklonov
- Federal Service for Veterinary and Phytosanitary Surveillance (Rosselkhoznadzor)
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Umar S, Shah MAA, Munir MT, Yaqoob M, Fiaz M, Anjum S, Kaboudi K, Bouzouaia M, Younus M, Nisa Q, Iqbal M, Umar W. RETRACTED: Synergistic effects of thymoquinone and curcumin on immune response and anti-viral activity against avian influenza virus (H9N2) in turkeys. Poult Sci 2016; 95:1513-1520. [PMID: 26944958 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pew069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
This article has been retracted: please see Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal (http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy). The authors retract the above paper due to: 1) conflict of interest among the authors; and 2) addition of coauthor Dr. Muhammad Younus without his knowledge or permission. The authors apologize for these two grave mistakes.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Umar
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan.
| | - M A A Shah
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - M T Munir
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - M Yaqoob
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - M Fiaz
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - S Anjum
- Faculty of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, University of Arid Agriculture, Rawalpindi, Pakistan
| | - K Kaboudi
- Department of Poultry Farming and Pathology, National Veterinary School Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - M Bouzouaia
- Department of Poultry Farming and Pathology, National Veterinary School Sidi Thabet, Tunisia
| | - M Younus
- College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Jhang, Pakistan
| | - Q Nisa
- University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences Lahore Pakistan
| | - M Iqbal
- University College of Veterinary & Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - W Umar
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad Pakistan
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Umar S, Rehman A, Younus M, Qamar-un-Nisa, Ali A, Shahzad M, Shah MAA, Munir MT, Aslam HB, Yaqoob M. Effects of Nigella sativa on immune responses and pathogenesis of avian influenza (H9N2) virus in turkeys. J APPL POULTRY RES 2016. [DOI: 10.3382/japr/pfv070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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