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Ma G, Zhou C, Han Z, Mu T, Ma X. Social support and physical literacy in young and middle-aged patients with hypertension: the mediating effects of sense of coherence and self-efficacy. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:494. [PMID: 38978037 PMCID: PMC11232136 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05935-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 06/26/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the growing recognition of the importance of social support and physical literacy in managing hypertension among young and middle-aged patients, there is a lack of research exploring the mediating effects of sense of coherence and self-efficacy in this relationship. This study aims to bridge this gap by investigating the interplay between social support, physical literacy, sense of coherence, and self-efficacy, thus contributing to a deeper understanding of effective interventions for hypertension management. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted using convenience sampling to survey 280 young and middle-aged patients diagnosed with hypertension from five community settings in Zhejiang and Anhui provinces between January and February 2024. Measurement instruments included the General Information Questionnaire, Physical Literacy Scale for Young and Middle-aged Patients with Hypertension, Sense of Coherence Scale 13, General self-efficacy Scale, and Perception Social Support Scale. Data analysis was performed using SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 28.0, with reporting following the STROBE checklist. RESULTS A total of 270 valid questionnaires were collected. The total score of physical literacy for young and middle-aged patients with hypertension ranged from 18 to 90, with a mean score of 62.30 ± 13.92, indicating a moderate level. There was a positive correlation between the physical literacy score and the scores of social support (r = 0.557, P<0.01), sense of coherence (r = 0.392, P<0.01), and self-efficacy (r = 0.466, P<0.01) among young and middle-aged patients with hypertension. Furthermore, social support was found to have multiple mediating effects through sense of coherence and self-efficacy on physical literacy. CONCLUSION This study sheds light on the interconnectedness of social support, physical literacy, sense of coherence, and self-efficacy among young and middle-aged patients with hypertension. The findings underscore the importance of considering these factors holistically in hypertension management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guiyue Ma
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
- School of Nursing, Anhui University of Chinese Medicine, Hefei, 230012, China
| | - Chunqing Zhou
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Zhihao Han
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China
| | - Tingyu Mu
- School of Nursing, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, 230032, China.
| | - Xiaoqin Ma
- School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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2
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Schmees P, Braig J, Kilinc Y, Nilles H, El-Awad U, Kerkhoff D, Demir Z, Rueth JE, Lohaus A, Eschenbeck H. Religious Identity and its Relation to Health-Related Quality of Life and COVID-Related Stress of Refugee Children and Adolescents in Germany. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2024; 63:765-787. [PMID: 38100002 PMCID: PMC10861600 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-023-01966-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
Research shows that religious identity is associated with health. The aim of this study was to understand the role of religious identity for refugee minors' health in greater detail. Middle Eastern refugee minors resettled in Germany and aged 8-18 years completed questionnaires at baseline (T1, n = 246) and follow-up (T2, n = 122) measurement between 2019 and 2022. Religious identity was assessed with a 4-item measure (Cronbach's α = .89). Associations of religious identity at T1 with health-related quality of life (HRQoL) at T1, change in HRQoL from T1 to T2, and perceived COVID-related stress at T2, as well as the mediating role of resources were examined. The results showed a positive association between religious identity and HRQoL, which was partially mediated by integration into peer group, but not by ethnic identity, sense of coherence or religious practice. No significant associations between religious identity and change in HRQoL or COVID-related stress occurred. Therefore, cross-sectional analyses support the beneficial role of religious identity for HRQoL and the crucial mediating role of integration into peer group, suggesting the promotion of religious identity or peer group integration. However, the absence of significant effects on change in HRQoL from T1 to T2 and COVID-related stress at T2 do not allow drawing any long-term conclusions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Schmees
- Department of Educational Psychology and Health Psychology, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany.
| | - J Braig
- Department of Educational Psychology and Health Psychology, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - Y Kilinc
- Department of Educational Psychology and Health Psychology, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
| | - H Nilles
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
- Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - U El-Awad
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - D Kerkhoff
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Z Demir
- Institute for Interdisciplinary Research on Conflict and Violence, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - J-E Rueth
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - A Lohaus
- Department of Psychology, Bielefeld University, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - H Eschenbeck
- Department of Educational Psychology and Health Psychology, University of Education Schwäbisch Gmünd, Schwäbisch Gmünd, Germany
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3
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Tanrıverdi D, Bekircan E, Koç Z. The Relationship Between Psychache and Suicide Risk With Spiritual Well-Being Levels of Patients Diagnosed With Depression. J Am Psychiatr Nurses Assoc 2024; 30:132-140. [PMID: 35172647 DOI: 10.1177/10783903221079796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Depression has long been accepted as a serious disability and burden globally, while suicide is a misunderstood and complex cause of death. Psychache is the psychological variable most strongly associated with suicidality. Spirituality is considered an important buffer against stressful events and may help people overcome distress and difficulties. AIMS: This study aims to determine how psychache and suicide risk are related to levels of spiritual well-being in patients with depression. METHODS: Data were collected using the Suicide Probability Scale, the Psychache Scale, and the Spiritual Well-Being Scale. The sample study consisted of 150 Turkish patients diagnosed with depression and receiving psychiatric care. RESULTS: It was found that higher level of spiritual well-being led to decreased risk of suicide and lower level of psychache. Suicide risk increased in parallel to the increasing levels of psychache (p < .001). CONCLUSIONS: It was observed that higher levels of spiritual well-being may promote a significantly lower risk of suicide and lower levels of psychache. Likewise, increasing levels of psychache may lead to an increase in suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esra Bekircan
- Esra Bekircan, MSc, Trabzon University, Trabzon, Turkey
| | - Zeynep Koç
- Zeynep Koç, MSc, Gaziantep University, Gaziantep, Turkey
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4
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Özdemir AA, Kavak Buda F, Dural G, Gültekin A. The Relationship Between Spiritual Well-Being, Life Satisfaction and Hope in Elderly Individuals in Turkey. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2023; 62:3123-3136. [PMID: 35122554 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-022-01517-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Life satisfaction and hope are important features in elderly individuals. Spiritual well-being is thought to affect life satisfaction and hope in the elderly. This study was conducted to determine the association between spiritual well-being and life satisfaction and hope in elderly persons. This study followed a cross-sectional design. The sample size of the study was 1383 individuals aged 65 or older. The Spiritual Well-Being Scale (FACIT-Sp), Satisfaction with Life Scale, and Hope Scale were administered to participants. Results indicated that spiritual well-being was significantly associated with life satisfaction and hope (p < 0.05). A limitation of this finding is the possible contamination of the measure of spiritual well-being with indicators of meaning and peace that could explain the relationship between spiritual well-being and hope. The spiritual well-being scale used in this research included indicators of meaning and peace that could explain the relationship between spiritual well-being and hope.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aysel A Özdemir
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Malatya Turgut Ozal Unıversıty, Malatya, Turkey
| | - Funda Kavak Buda
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Inonu Unıversıty, Malatya, Turkey.
| | - Gül Dural
- Department of Internal Medicine Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Fırat Unıversıty, Elazığ, Turkey
| | - Abdurrezzak Gültekin
- Department of Psychiatric Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Inonu Unıversıty, Malatya, Turkey
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5
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Shabani M, Taheri-Kharameh Z, Saghafipour A, Ahmari-Tehran H, Yoosefee S, Amini-Tehrani M. Resilience and spirituality mediate anxiety and life satisfaction in chronically Ill older adults. BMC Psychol 2023; 11:256. [PMID: 37653553 PMCID: PMC10472626 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-023-01279-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Spirituality and psychological resilience can be considered as a protective factor for coping with anxiety in geriatric populations. The aim of the study was to investigate the structural model related to the mediating role of spirituality and psychological resilience in predicting the relationship between anxiety and life satisfaction in older adults with chronic illness. METHODS In a cross-sectional study, one hundred patients over sixty years of age from one university hospital were selected by convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Spiritual Health Scale, the Anxiety Module of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale, the Life Satisfaction Scale, and a sociodemographic questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using Partial Least Squares (PLS) structure modeling. RESULTS There was a positive and significant relationship between resilience, spirituality and life satisfaction of the samples. The structural model showed that spirituality, and psychological resilience mediated in the relationship between anxiety and life satisfaction directly and in indirectly in the older people with chronic disease, explaining approximately 34% of the variance in life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggest that spirituality and psychological resilience can help older adults with chronic illness to negate the impact of anxiety on satisfaction, with the effect of spirituality being stronger than resilience in this relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zahra Taheri-Kharameh
- Spiritual Health Research Center, School of Health and Religion, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran.
| | - Abedin Saghafipour
- Spiritual Health Research Center, School of Health and Religion, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Department of Public Health, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Hoda Ahmari-Tehran
- Spiritual Health Research Center, School of Health and Religion, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Sadegh Yoosefee
- Spiritual Health Research Center, School of Health and Religion, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
- Neuroscience Research Center, School of Medicine, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Mohammadali Amini-Tehrani
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Health Psychology and Behavior Medicine Research Group, Student Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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6
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Muhammad T, Pai M, Afsal K, Saravanakumar P, Irshad CV. The association between loneliness and life satisfaction: examining spirituality, religiosity, and religious participation as moderators. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:301. [PMID: 37193948 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04017-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 05/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Future cohort of older adults may have to rely on non-family sources and forms of support, religion being one of them. This may be especially so, considering the recent longitudinal evidence that individuals are inclined to become more religious with increasing age. Thus, the purpose of the present study was to assess the association between loneliness and life satisfaction among older adults in India, and the extent to which the association between loneliness and life satisfaction is moderated by spirituality, religiosity, and religious participation. METHODS Data come from the Longitudinal Ageing Study in India, with a sample of 31,464 individuals aged 60 years and above. Multivariable logistic regression models were employed to examine the independent association of loneliness and life satisfaction. Further, an interaction analysis was conducted to examine the extent to which the association between perceived loneliness and life satisfaction is moderated by spirituality, religiosity and religious participation among older Indians. RESULTS The prevalence of low life satisfaction (LLS) was 30.84%; a total of 37.25% of participants reported feeling lonely, 12.54% reported a lack of spiritual experience, 21.24% reported not being religious, and 19.31% reported not participating in religious activities. Older adults who felt lonely had higher odds of LLS relative to peers who were not lonely. Further, the adverse impact of loneliness on LLS among older Indians is moderated by their spirituality, religiosity, and religious participation. Specifically, the adverse impact of loneliness on LLS was less negatively pronounced among older adults who were spiritual, religious, and engaged in religious activities. CONCLUSIONS The study found an independent association between loneliness and lower life satisfaction among older adults in India. It also revealed that religiosity, spirituality and religious participation moderate the association between loneliness and lower life satisfaction. These findings, which underscore the health promoting benefits of religiosity and religious engagement, may be used to build on the interaction between religious and faith-based groups and public health professionals.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Muhammad
- Department of Family & Generations, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India.
| | - Manacy Pai
- Department of Sociology and Criminology, Kent State University, Kent, OH, 44242, USA
| | - K Afsal
- Department of Migration & Urban Studies, International Institute for Population Sciences, Mumbai, 400088, India
| | - Priya Saravanakumar
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Building 10, Level 7, 235 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia
| | - C V Irshad
- School of Social Sciences and Languages, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
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7
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Religion/Spirituality, Mental Health, and the Lifespan: Findings from a Representative Sample of Canadian Adults. Can J Aging 2023; 42:115-125. [PMID: 35909323 DOI: 10.1017/s0714980822000162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Theories of adult development and aging suggest that older adults turn towards religion and spirituality (R/S) to increase meaning and purpose in life, and to assist in coping with adverse experience. We sought to examine the relationship between R/S and positive mental health and mental illness (i.e., psychological distress) in adulthood, and to determine the potential moderating role of age. Data from the 2012 Canadian Community Health Survey - Mental Health (CCHS-MH), a national population health study, were used. A multivariable linear regression model revealed a significant R/S by age interaction for positive mental health (p = 0.001). Although R/S was associated with positive mental health among all participants, there was a stronger relationship between R/S and positive mental health for older adults. No statistically significant relationship between R/S and psychological distress was observed. Findings highlight the importance of R/S to positive mental health across the adult lifespan. The differential relationships among R/S, positive mental health, and mental illness underscore the utility of using the dual-continua of mental health and mental illness in order to understand their respective determinants.
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8
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Skalski‐Bednarz SB, Konaszewski K, Muszyńska J, Maier K, Surzykiewicz J. Negative situation appraisal and mental well‐being among refugees in Germany: Serial mediation by religious coping and sense of coherence. INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/imig.13087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Binyamin Skalski‐Bednarz
- Faculty of Education Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw Warsaw Poland
- Faculty of Philosophy and Education Catholic University of Eichstätt‐Ingolstadt Eichstätt Germany
| | | | | | - Kathrin Maier
- Department of Educational Psychology in Social Work Munich Catholic University of Applied Sciences Munich Munich Germany
| | - Janusz Surzykiewicz
- Faculty of Education Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw Warsaw Poland
- Faculty of Philosophy and Education Catholic University of Eichstätt‐Ingolstadt Eichstätt Germany
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9
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Garousi S, Amirkafi A, Mohammadi F, Garrusi B. Iranian older adults women: The Impact of COVID-19 and Coping Strategies. QUALITY & QUANTITY 2022; 57:1-25. [PMID: 36340801 PMCID: PMC9628356 DOI: 10.1007/s11135-022-01551-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
In the field of epidemics, some vulnerable groups, such as older adults, are at greater risk. Many psychological, social, economic and physical hazards have threatened older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Some threats can be managed with medical system interventions. However, social and psychological challenges cannot be controlled quickly. People will have a better quality of life if they can take appropriate action in critical situations. There is a strong theoretical and empirical background that a sense of control and self-efficacy can promote psychological well-being. The main questions of this study included the following: What were the main problems experienced by older Iranian women during the outbreak of COVID-19? What coping methods did they use to control the situation? What were their views on the future? This research was conducted in Kerman city, the capital of Kerman Province. A phenomenological method was used. We interviewed 15 women over 65 years old. We extracted five main themes from the interviews. These themes were health issues, persistent anxiety, economic and social pressures, identifying unique solutions to the current situation, and optimism versus pessimism: what is the future? From the participants' point of view, psychological, social and physical problems have disturbed them during the pandemic, especially at the beginning. However, they controlled their problems by using selective coping strategies. In Iran, planners can use the potential of the two institutions of family and religion to reduce the problems of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saideh Garousi
- Social Sciences Department, Human Sciences School, Shahid Bahonar University of Kerman, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Amirkafi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Faezeh Mohammadi
- Preventive Medicine and Public Health Research Center, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behshid Garrusi
- Department of Community Medicine, Neuroscience Research Center, Institute of Neuropharmacology, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Pobox 444, Kerman, Iran
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10
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Keisari S, Piol S, Orkibi H, Elkarif T, Mola G, Testoni I. Spirituality During the COVID-19 Pandemic: An Online Creative Arts Intervention With Photocollages for Older Adults in Italy and Israel. Front Psychol 2022; 13:897158. [PMID: 35783728 PMCID: PMC9245519 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.897158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine how expressions of spirituality were stimulated and reflected in an online creative arts intervention for older adults during COVID-19 lockdowns. The online process focused on the creation of digital photocollages together with narrative elements of dignity therapy. Twenty-four Israeli and Italian community-dwelling older adults aged 78–92 participated in a three-session online intervention involving the production of three photocollages. The visual and verbal data (participants’ chosen photos and photocollages, and transcripts of the sessions) were qualitatively analyzed within an abductive framework. Four themes were generated, representing the four domains of spirituality that were stimulated by and expressed in the process: (1) Connectedness with the self, (2) connectedness with others, (3) connectedness with the environment, and (4) connectedness with the transcendent. The findings show how photographs can serve as projective visual stimuli which elicit personal content through spontaneous thinking, and they reveal the multifaceted nature of spirituality, wherein each domain nourishes the others. Overall, the findings illustrate how creative arts intervention guided by the tenets of dignity therapy can contribute to the spiritual care of older adults during periods of social isolation, or to the spiritual support provided in palliative care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shoshi Keisari
- School of Creative Arts Therapies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- The Centre for Research and Study of Aging, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- The Emily Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
- *Correspondence: Shoshi Keisari,
| | - Silvia Piol
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Hod Orkibi
- School of Creative Arts Therapies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- The Emily Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Talia Elkarif
- School of Creative Arts Therapies, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Giada Mola
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Ines Testoni
- The Emily Sagol Creative Arts Therapies Research Center, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
- Department of Philosophy, Sociology, Education and Applied Psychology (FISPPA), University of Padova, Padua, Italy
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11
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Jadidi A, Khatiban M, Oshvandi K, Khodaveisi M, Maghsoudi Z, Razavi M. Transcendence, the Most Important Spiritual Need of Muslim Older Adults: A Content Analysis Study. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2022; 61:1529-1547. [PMID: 35028812 PMCID: PMC8758234 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01474-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Healthcare providers agree that promoting spirituality among older adults while caring for them increases their quality of life. However, there is little knowledge about the spiritual needs of the elderly, especially in the Muslim community. This qualitative study attempted to explore the spiritual needs of Muslim older adults. Fifteen non-hospitalized Muslim older adults from Hamadan City, Iran, were interviewed. The semi-structured interviews were analyzed using conventional content analysis. After identifying semantic units from the text, related codes were extracted and placed in subcategories and categories based on their similarities. Once the data were analyzed, one theme was formed. The study's findings showed that the spiritual needs of older adults fell into three main categories: religious needs, the need for transcendence, and the need for connection. Religious needs included subcategories of religious practices and beliefs, and the need for transcendence included the search for meaning and purpose in life, and the need for peace and stability and balance. Also, the need for connection included the need to connect with nature and connect with others. Healthcare professionals and family caregivers should be trained in the specific competence of recognizing older people's unmet spiritual needs and fulfilling them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Jadidi
- School of Nursing, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Khatiban
- Mother and Child Care Research Center, Department of Ethics Education in Medical Sciences, & Department of Medical-Surgical Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Khodayar Oshvandi
- Mother and Child Care Research Center, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Masoud Khodaveisi
- Chronic Disease (Home Care) Research Center, Community Health Nursing Department, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Maghsoudi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammadreza Razavi
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
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12
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Gautam S, Montayre J, Neville S. Seeking and maintaining connections: A grounded theory study of maintaining spirituality in residential aged care facilities. Int J Older People Nurs 2021; 17:e12435. [PMID: 34793613 DOI: 10.1111/opn.12435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moving to a residential aged care facility involves living far from family and a familiar environment, and leaving behind the social support system of relatives, friends, and society. The pressure to find and develop new and meaningful connections in a residential aged care facility can be significant for older adults. OBJECTIVE To provide a theoretical explanation of how older adults seek and maintain connections in a residential aged care facility. METHODS A grounded theory study was conducted. A total of 17 residents were recruited from two Nepalese residential aged care facilities using theoretical sampling. Face to face in-depth, semi-structured interviews and observation within interviews were conducted. Data analysis included the process of open, axial, selective coding, and constant comparative analysis as per Corbin and Strauss' variant of grounded theory. RESULTS This study identified that the process of seeking connections in a residential aged care facility was forward-moving, and involved "identifying sources," "developing connections," and "appraising responses." By seeking connections, residents built new connections. Similarly, the study found that maintaining connections was a continuous process of "sustaining connections with co-residents," "preserving connections with nurses/caregivers," and "continuing connections with inner-self and higher being/s." Maintaining connections led residents to balance shifting connections. Furthermore, it was found that the process of seeking and maintaining connections was conditional on facility arrangement i.e. the way residents were placed, rules, regulations, co-residents' language, gender, religious affiliation, attitudes, the attitudes and practices of nurses/caregivers, decreasing physical abilities of residents, increasing illness of residents, illness or death of co-residents, and retirement or resignation of nurses/caregivers. CONCLUSION The current study provides unique insights into the process of seeking and maintaining connections in a residential aged care facility. Facility arrangement, rules, regulations, and caregiving practices should resonate with residents' socio-cultural expectations and spiritual belief system to support their process of seeking and maintaining connections. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE The findings can be beneficial for managers, nurses, caregivers, and spiritual advisors in developing interventions that promote the development of meaningful connections in a residential aged care facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sital Gautam
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jed Montayre
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Western Sydney University, Penrith, NSW, Australia
| | - Stephen Neville
- School of Clinical Sciences, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
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13
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Krok D, Zarzycka B, Telka E. Religiosity, Meaning-Making and the Fear of COVID-19 Affecting Well-Being Among Late Adolescents in Poland: A Moderated Mediation Model. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2021; 60:3265-3281. [PMID: 34417950 PMCID: PMC8379575 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-021-01375-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Adolescents have come to be greatly affected by the COVID-19 pandemic and the ensuing containment measures in recent months. The aim of the present study was to examine the relations among religiosity, meaning-making, fear of COVID-19, and subjective well-being within a moderated mediation model. Three hundred and sixteen late adolescents (173 women and 143 men) in Poland volunteered to take part in the study. The results show that meaning-making mediated relationships between religiosity and life satisfaction, religiosity and positive affect, and religiosity and negative affect. In addition, these mediation effects were moderated by the fear of COVID-19. Specifically, the indirect effects were stronger for adolescents with high fear than for those with low fear, which indicates that fear of COVID-19 serves as a 'warning' factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariusz Krok
- Institute of Psychology, University of Opole, Plac Staszica 1, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Beata Zarzycka
- Institute of Psychology, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Telka
- Department of Radiotherapy, Maria Sklodowska-Curie National Research Institute of Oncology, Gliwice, Poland
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Torregrosa-Ruiz M, Gutiérrez M, Alberola S, Tomás JM. A Successful Aging Model Based on Personal Resources, Self-Care, and Life Satisfaction. THE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2021; 155:606-623. [PMID: 34165391 DOI: 10.1080/00223980.2021.1935676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The most internationally studied models of successful aging defend that there are several pillars for a good aging: absence of disease, good cognitive and physical function, a high commitment and social activity, social capital, personal resources, life satisfaction, and spirituality. This study examines the relationships between personal resources, perceived social support, hope, spirituality, self-care and subjective well-being variables, as bases for a successful aging. One thousand and sixteen community-dwelling Spanish adults, aged 55-92 years, participated in the study. Information on variables assessed was collected using self-reported questionnaires. Confirmatory Factor Analyses and Structural models with latent variables relating all indicators and factors were estimated. The structural model positing background variables affecting personal resources which then affected self-care behaviors and finally affected life satisfaction was supported by the data. The model results emphasize the importance of personality, because largely affects the use of personal resources. The three selected personal resources (support, hope and spirituality) favor self-care behaviors. And finally, these behaviors improved life satisfaction in the old age. This result is of particular importance when policies for a successful and satisfactory aging of the population have to be designed.
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Hadley RA. ‘No longer invincible’: the impact of involuntary childlessness on older men. PHYSICAL THERAPY REVIEWS 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/10833196.2021.1884172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin A. Hadley
- Centre for Social Gerontology, Keele University, Newcastle-under-Lyme, Staffordshire, UK
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Aglozo EY, Akotia CS, Osei-Tutu A, Annor F. Spirituality and subjective well-being among Ghanaian older adults: optimism and meaning in life as mediators. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:306-315. [PMID: 31814428 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1697203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between spirituality and subjective well-being (positive affect, negative affect, and life satisfaction), and whether this relationship is mediated by optimism and meaning in life. METHOD Participants were 235 older adults (≥60 years) conveniently sampled from Ghanaian communities. Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test the direct and indirect relationships. Sobel test was also used to test specific mediating effects of optimism and meaning in life. RESULTS Spirituality was positively related with positive affect and life satisfaction, but negatively related with negative affect. The SEM results revealed that the relationship between spirituality and subjective well-being was indirect. Sobel test showed that the mediating effect of optimism was only statistically significant for negative affect but not positive affect and life satisfaction. In contrast, the mediating effect of meaning in life was statistically significant for the three components of subjective well-being. CONCLUSION The study has demonstrated that spirituality indirectly influences subjective well-being through optimism and meaning in life. It also showed the relative importance of meaning in life over optimism as a mediator. Theoretical and practical implications of these findings have been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Yao Aglozo
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | | | | | - Francis Annor
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Role of Emotion Regulation and Spirituality in Predicting the Psychological Well-being of the Elderlies. HEALTH, SPIRITUALITY AND MEDICAL ETHICS 2020. [DOI: 10.52547/jhsme.7.4.58] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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18
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Gusler SK, Jackson Y, Brown S. The Impact of Maltreatment on Internalizing Symptoms for Foster Youth: an Examination of Spirituality and Appraisals as Moderators. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2020; 13:455-467. [PMID: 33269045 PMCID: PMC7683671 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-019-00296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Research shows that exposure to child maltreatment increases the risk of internalizing symptoms for youth, and that youth in foster care are at a particularly high risk of symptoms. However, not all youth who experience maltreatment evidence maladjustment, making the link between exposure and mental health outcomes unclear and creating a need to examine what factors buffer against symptomatology. A sample of youth in foster care was used to provide a new examination of the relation between child maltreatment exposure and internalizing symptoms, to test the possible moderating effects of both appraisals and spirituality, and examine differences between children and adolescents. Participants were 486 youth in foster care (M age = 13; 204 children; 282 adolescents). Youth completed self-report measures through the SPARK project (Studying Pathways to Adjustment and Resilience in Kids). Although appraisals and spirituality were not significant moderators, significant main effects emerged. For children, regression analyses showed that maltreatment exposure and lower scores on spiritual prosocial attitudes accounted for the majority of the 21% of the variance in internalizing symptoms. For adolescents 28% of the variance in internalizing symptoms was accounted for by greater maltreatment exposure, lower scores on spiritual prosocial attitudes, higher scores on relationship with a God/Higher Power, and more negative appraisals of stressful life events. The current study provides support for cognitive-based interventions for adolescents aimed at increasing appraisal flexibility and suggests that both children and adolescents could benefit from the development of prosocial attitudes often tied to spirituality but could be reinforced in additional settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie K. Gusler
- Clinical Child Psychology, Human Development Center, University of Kansas, Sunnyside Avenue, Room 2015, Lawrence, KS 66045 USA
| | - Yo Jackson
- Department of Psychology, Child Maltreatment Solutions Network, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801 USA
| | - Shaquanna Brown
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109 USA
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Blanco-Molina M, Pinazo-Hernandis S, Montoro-Rodriguez J, Tomas JM. Testing a Proactive Model of Successful Aging Among Older Adults in Costa Rica and Spain. Int J Aging Hum Dev 2020; 93:619-635. [PMID: 33236652 DOI: 10.1177/0091415020974621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine successful aging among Spanish-speaking older adults in Costa Rica and in Spain using the proactive framework proposed by Kahana et al. (2014). More specifically, we hypothesized that older adults' life satisfaction would be positively associated with the frequency and perceived level of social support, spirituality/having purpose in life, and the use of proactive physical, cognitive, and social self-care behaviors. Our results confirmed these hypotheses, not only for the overall group of participants, but also separately for older adults in Costa Rica and in Spain. The present study contributes to the literature of successful aging among older adults, by examining the protective factors associated with life satisfaction among Spanish speaking older adults in Costa Rica and in Spain. It identifies specific protective factors (spirituality/purpose in life, social support, and self-care) associated with the values and preferences held by participants in the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio Blanco-Molina
- 355073 Psychology School, Faculty of Social Science, National University, Heredia, Costa Rica
| | | | - Julian Montoro-Rodriguez
- 14727 Department of Gerontology and School of Social Work, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC, USA
| | - Jose M Tomas
- 16781 Faculty of Pychology, University of València, València, Spain
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20
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Foong HF, Hamid TA, Ibrahim R, Haron SA. The association between religious orientation and life satisfaction in older adults living with morbidity and multimorbidity: a gender perspective in Malaysia. Psychogeriatrics 2020; 20:891-899. [PMID: 32985044 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.12614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is known about gender differences in the relationship between religious orientation and life satisfaction in older adults living with chronic disease(s). Therefore, the purpose of this article was to examine the moderating effect of gender on the association between religious orientation and life satisfaction in older adults living with morbidity and multimorbidity. METHODS The study involved 1790 community-dwelling older adults aged 60 and above living with at least one chronic medical condition. The Satisfaction with Life Scale and Revised Intrinsic/Extrinsic Religious Orientation Scale were used to measure life satisfaction and religious orientation. Moderated hierarchical multiple regression was used to test the moderation effect. RESULTS Results showed that while intrinsic religiosity was positively associated with life satisfaction, extrinsic religiosity was found to have a negative relationship with life satisfaction. Gender moderated the association between intrinsic religiosity and life satisfaction. CONCLUSIONS The findings suggested that the positive impact of intrinsic religiosity on life satisfaction was stronger in older women living with morbidity and multimorbidity. Healthcare practitioners can help disadvantaged older women in identifying their religious values and practices to improve their subjective wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui F Foong
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing), Universiti Putra, Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Tengku A Hamid
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing), Universiti Putra, Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Rahimah Ibrahim
- Malaysian Research Institute on Ageing (MyAgeing), Universiti Putra, Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia.,Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra, Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
| | - Sharifah A Haron
- Department of Resource Management and Consumer Studies, Faculty of Human Ecology, Universiti Putra, Malaysia, Serdang, Malaysia
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21
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Kiang M, Cupid J, Ahmed S, Lepock JR, Girard TA. Religiosity is associated with less prediction of the typical: An event-related brain potential study. Biol Psychol 2020; 153:107884. [PMID: 32234502 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2020.107884] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Why are some people more religious than others? According to one hypothesis, people who strongly seek definitive explanations for situations with incomplete information are more likely to be religious. According to a different hypothesis, individuals with smaller "prediction error" responses to unexpected stimuli are more likely to discount evidence contradicting religious beliefs, predisposing them to maintain such beliefs. We sought neurophysiological evidence for these hypotheses using the N400 event-related potential (ERP), which is smaller to more contextually expected stimuli, reflecting prediction of probable completions for meaningful situations. We recorded ERPs from participants viewing category definitions followed by high-typicality category exemplar (HTE), low-typicality exemplar (LTE), or non-exemplar (NE) words. As expected, N400s were largest for NEs, intermediate for LTEs, and smallest for HTEs. Religiosity correlated with smaller N400 amplitude differences between HTEs and both LTEs and NEs. Less strong prediction of probable stimuli based on prior information may predispose to religiosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Kiang
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.
| | - Justice Cupid
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Ahmed
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer R Lepock
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, ON, Canada; Institute of Medical Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Todd A Girard
- Department of Psychology, Ryerson University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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22
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Gallardo-Peralta LP, Sánchez-Moreno E. Successful ageing in older persons belonging to the Aymara native community: exploring the protective role of psychosocial resources. Health Psychol Behav Med 2019; 7:396-412. [PMID: 34040858 PMCID: PMC8114412 DOI: 10.1080/21642850.2019.1691558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: The aim of this study is to analyse the process of successful ageing in older persons who state their belonging to a native Chilean ethnic group. There has recently been a notable increase in interest regarding analysis of the cultural processes and variables associated with successful ageing. However, there is a lack of studies analysing successful ageing in native ethnic groups; that is, ethnic communities living in their natural environmental surroundings. Methods: A cross-sectional research design was used. The sample was composed by 232 indigenous Aymara persons aged over 60 years who live in the far north of Chile. Data were collected using a questionnaire made up of validated measurement scales for successful ageing, community support, quality of life, religiousness/spirituality, and health. Results: The results suggest that indigenous persons age successfully, particularly in the context of physical functionality. Successful ageing is positively related with community integration, social support from informal systems (social groups), quality of life, and religiousness (forgiveness). In contrast, successful ageing is negatively related with depression. Conclusions: Cultural practices and an active lifestyle are ethnic cultural resources enabling persons to successfully cope with ageing. The results suggest that interventions would benefit from incorporating actions within a context of community integration. Particular attention to preventing deterioration in mental health would help to foster a successful ageing process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena P Gallardo-Peralta
- Faculty of Social Work, Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain.,School of Social Work, University of Tarapacá, Arica, Chile
| | - Esteban Sánchez-Moreno
- Research Institute for Development and Cooperation (IUDC), Universidad Complutense, Madrid, Spain
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Russo-Netzer P, Littman-Ovadia H. "Something to Live for": Experiences, Resources, and Personal Strengths in Late Adulthood. Front Psychol 2019; 10:2452. [PMID: 31736839 PMCID: PMC6834683 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Due to increased life expectancy, the population segment of older adults has grown the fastest. The global phenomenon of population aging raises important questions regarding successful, positive, active, and meaningful aging. Given that aging is often characterized by declines in physical and mental health and increased risk for social isolation and depression, and given that the concept of well-being in old age is both elusive and complex, the present study explored how aging is experienced through a "bottom-up," open-ended approach. Thirty-one in-depth semi-structured personal interviews were conducted with adults aged 60 and above in order to explore the question: what concerns older adults in their day-to-day living, and what are their perceived resources? The findings illuminated three prominent themes: (1) central concerns described by the participants as characterizing their experience at this life stage; (2) strategies employed by the participants to cope with concerns and to live a meaningful life in old age; and (3) resources and character strengths that facilitate coping strategies and enable thriving. Theoretical and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pninit Russo-Netzer
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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Can We Rely on Self-Assessments of Sense of Coherence? The Effects of Socially Desirable Responding on the Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ) Responses. SOCIAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/socsci8100278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A large number of studies in health psychology have shown that sense of coherence (SOC) is an essential factor in wellbeing and health. SOC is most commonly measured with the Antonovsky’s Orientation to Life Questionnaire (OLQ), which has been so far translated into at least 48 languages. Despite the vast popularity of the OLQ, the relationships between OLQ and socially desirable responding (impression management and self-deception) have not been studied. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the correlations between social desirability and Antonovsky’s OLQ. Method: The first sample consisted of 423 students who completed the 13-item OLQ and the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (EPQ), including the Lie scale. Also, the Balanced Inventory for Desirable Responding by Paulhus was administered together with the OLQ to 202 students. Results: SOC correlated positively with measures of social desirability among men but not among women. Hence, sex moderated the relationship between socially desirable responding and sense of coherence. Conclusions: Socially desirable responding and, especially, self-deception are positively related to high scores in SOC among men but not among women. The OLQ as a measure of sense of coherence can be used among women without worrying about the bias caused by socially desirable responding. When using the OLQ among men, the strong relationship between self-deception and sense of coherence should be taken into account.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Partners of breast cancer survivors experience the effects of a spouse's cancer years after treatment. Partners of younger survivors (YPs) may experience greater problems than partners of older survivors (OPs), just as younger survivors experience greater problems than their older counterparts. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study were to (1) compare quality of life (QoL) in YPs and OPs and (2) determine contributing factors to each group's QoL. METHODS Cross-sectional data were collected from YPs (n = 227) and OPs (n = 281) through self-report. Multivariate analysis of variance was used to determine differences between YPs and OPs on QoL while controlling for covariates. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine what contributes to each group's QoL. RESULTS Partners of younger survivors reported better physical function (effect size [ES], -0.57), lower marital satisfaction (ES, 0.39), and lower overall QoL (ES, 0.43) than OPs. Predictors of QoL also differed between partner groups. For YPs, overall QoL was predicted by greater physical functioning, fewer depressive symptoms, higher marital satisfaction, higher parenting satisfaction, and more personal resources (R = 0.47, F5,195 = 35.05, P < .001). For OPs, overall QoL was predicted by fewer depressive symptoms, higher parenting satisfaction, higher spirituality, and greater social support from the breast cancer survivor spouse (R = 0.33, F4,244 = 29.80, P < .001). CONCLUSION Partners of older survivors reported greater QoL than YPs. Common factors contributing to QoL between YPs and OPs were fewer depressive symptoms and higher parenting satisfaction. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE Partners of breast cancer survivors may need support coping with their spouse/partner's cancer. Partners of younger survivors may require more support than OPs.
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Fernandez M, Walker BR. Spirituality in the stands: sports spectatorship, spirituality, wellbeing and personality. JOURNAL OF SPIRITUALITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/19349637.2019.1654427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Fernandez
- Genevieve Sovereign and Benjamin Walker, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Benjamin R. Walker
- Genevieve Sovereign and Benjamin Walker, School of Psychological Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
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Subjective well-being key elements of Successful Aging: A study with Lifelong Learners older adults from Costa Rica and Spain. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2019; 85:103897. [PMID: 31398680 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2019.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Subjective well-being is a major psychological construct in the research tradition. Along with literature, authors have distinguished between hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. The aim of this study is to determine the role of some psychosocial variables plays in the perceived well-being is conceived from a hedonic or a eudaimonic perspective. The sample consisted of 1016 people of 55 years and older in a Spanish sample and 277 people of 55 years old or older from a Costa Rican sample. Both samples were part of the Longitudinal Older Learners (LOL) study. A structural model with latent variables was estimated with Mplus. The results point out that, the traditional variables included on successful aging models are relevant for explaining older adults' well-being in both countries with some differences on the hedonic and eudaimonic approach of successful aging on the Latin cultural context studied.
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Factors promoting Iranian older adults' spirituality: a qualitative content analysis. BMC Geriatr 2019; 19:132. [PMID: 31072357 PMCID: PMC6507042 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-019-1146-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2017] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Spirituality plays an important role during old age, but reveals itself as a confounding mental health concept, which needs to be defined when providing spiritual care. The purpose of this study was to explore factors promoting Iranian older adults’ spirituality. Method In a qualitative content analysis approach, we searched for the factors promoting spirituality among a selection of Iranian older adults. Totally, 22 people aged above 60 years old were interviewed using open-ended questions. The recorded interviews were then transcribed, and a coding process was applied based on a qualitative, conventional content analysis. Results Three key factors were found to promote the spirituality among the older adults: 1) insight in personal belief, 2) spiritual socialization, and 3) peace of mind. Traditional dimensions, the cultural surroundings, and participants’ religious beliefs were apparent in each of the categories. Conclusion Society’s role in making the seniors spiritual role models was very important; moreover the hereafter life on religious grounds seemed to be another important factor in reaching for high levels of spiritual and mystical perfection. Educational interventions based on the elders’ needs for spiritual empowering by health care professionals especially with regards to their spiritual based social interactions and reaching peace of mind, will comprise a major part of wellness approaches.
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Siqueira J, Fernandes NM, Moreira-Almeida A. Association between religiosity and happiness in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018; 41:22-28. [PMID: 30421782 PMCID: PMC6534031 DOI: 10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2018-0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Religiosity/spirituality (R/S) seems to be a relevant factor in chronic diseases adaptation, but there is a lack of studies involving chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study aimed to investigate the association between R/S and happiness among CKD patients on hemodialysis and whether Sense of Coherence (SC) mediates this possible association. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study in two renal replacement therapy centers in Brazil, involving 161 adults on hemodialysis. Linear regressions were performed to evaluate the association between R/S (predicting variable measured with Duke Religious Index - DUREL) and happiness (outcome variable), adjusted for sociodemographic, clinical, and some laboratory variables. Later, SC was added to the model to test the possible mediating effect. RESULTS Most patients (91.20%) reported some religious affiliation. Private Religiosity (PR) (β = 0.53; 95% CI = 0.01 a 1.06), Intrinsic Religiosity (IR) (β = 0.48; 95% CI = 0.18 a 0.79), and SC (β = 0.11; 95% CI = -0.09 a 0.15) correlated with higher levels of happiness, controlling for clinical and sociodemographic variables. When SC was included in the model, IR (β = 0.34; 95% CI = 0.07 to 0.60) and SC (β = 0.11; 95% CI = 0.08 to 0.14) remained significantly. No clinical or sociodemographic variable correlated with happiness. CONCLUSIONS Patients on hemodialysis showed high levels of R/S, which correlated with higher happiness levels. Clinical and sociodemographic variables were not correlated with patients' happiness. Psychosocial variables such as R/S and SC are potential key targets for interventions to promote better survival quality among CKD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janaína Siqueira
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Faculdade de Medicina, NUPES - Núcleo de Pesquisas em Espiritualidade e Saúde, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Natália Maria Fernandes
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Faculdade de Medicina, NUPES - Núcleo de Pesquisas em Espiritualidade e Saúde, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
| | - Alexander Moreira-Almeida
- Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora, Faculdade de Medicina, NUPES - Núcleo de Pesquisas em Espiritualidade e Saúde, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brasil
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Perceptions of Successful Aging among Older Adults in Bangladesh: An Exploratory Study. J Cross Cult Gerontol 2018; 32:191-207. [PMID: 28523474 DOI: 10.1007/s10823-017-9319-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
To analyze older adults' definitions of successful aging in Bangladesh. The purposively selected study sample comprised twelve participants who were aged over 60. Interviews using in-depth semi-structured questionnaires were conducted based on participants' chosen mode, either face-to-face, or by phone. Findings of this study support that successful aging is multidimensional - that is - for Bangladeshis successful aging encompasses dimensions such as adaptation to an aging body, financial security, family and intergenerational care, and social participation. Older adults' emphases on all these dimensions were qualitatively different from those relevant in western societies. Bangladeshis see disease and disability as a normal part of aging and do not emphasize freedom from disease or longevity as much as North Americans and the US-focused successful aging discourses do. Family care is a key component of successful aging in Bangladesh. While in western models functional independence has been emphasized, for Bangladeshi older adults' adaptations to changing body, co-residing with children, being financially, physically, and emotionally dependent on family and receiving their care are viewed as normal and appropriate. Cross-cultural comparisons in this study suggest that what it means and entails to age well differ across cultures. This study highlights the need among health professionals to understand Bangladeshi culture, with its specific beliefs and values, as it relates to the views of aging well.
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Dispositional hope and life satisfaction among older adults attending lifelong learning programs. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2017; 72:80-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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32
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Tian X. Negative life events and life satisfaction in university students: Belief in a just world as a mediator and moderator. J Health Psychol 2016; 24:526-534. [PMID: 27852884 DOI: 10.1177/1359105316678054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
A cross-sectional study was conducted to explore the role of belief in a just world between negative life events and life satisfaction. The results revealed that two dimensions of belief in a just world played partial mediating roles between negative life events and life satisfaction. Moreover, belief in a just world was also a moderator between negative life events and life satisfaction that mitigates the adverse effects of negative life events. In conclusion, these results suggest that belief in a just world could be both a mediator and a moderator between negative life events and life satisfaction.
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Pandya SP. Millenarianism and Yoga: A Spiritual Approach to Mental Health. JOURNAL OF SPIRITUALITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/19349637.2016.1222601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Samta P. Pandya
- Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India
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Galiana L, Sancho P, Oliver A, Tomás JM, Calatayud P. [Aging and spirituality: Factorial structure and reliability of 2 scales]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2016; 51:265-9. [PMID: 27068238 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2015.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the field of gerontology, the study of the improvement of health and quality of life, and «successfully aging», spirituality plays a key role and, is one of the current research approaches. However, its incorporation into scientific literature is arduous and slow, a fact that is in part due to the absence of developed and validated measurement tools, particularly, in the Spanish speaking area. This work aims to present evidence of the psychometric properties of two tools for the measurement of spirituality: the Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp) and the GES Questionnaire. MATERIALS AND METHODS A sample of 224 elderly persons from Valencia (Spain) was recruited, on which two confirmatory factor analyses were estimated, with the proposed a priori structures for each tool, together with several reliability coefficients. RESULTS Both models presented an good fit to the data: χ(2)51=104.97 (P<.01); CFI=.973; RMSEA=.076 for the FACIT-Sp, and χ(2)17=31.76 (P>.05); CFI=.996; RMSEA=.050 for the GES Questionnaire. Reliability indices also supported the use of the scales in elderly population, with alphas of .85 and .86, respectively. CONCLUSIONS These results may be useful as a starting point to include spirituality in works that aim to discover the mechanisms involved in successful aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Galiana
- Departamento de Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España.
| | | | - Amparo Oliver
- Departamento de Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - José Manuel Tomás
- Departamento de Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
| | - Pablo Calatayud
- Departamento de Metodología de las Ciencias del Comportamiento, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia, España
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Love P, Moore M, Warburton J. Nurturing spiritual well-being among older people in Australia: Drawing on Indigenous and non-Indigenous way of knowing. Australas J Ageing 2016; 36:179-185. [DOI: 10.1111/ajag.12284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pettina Love
- School of Public Health and Human Biosciences; Faculty of Health Sciences; La Trobe University; Wodonga Victoria Australia
| | - Melissa Moore
- John Richards Initiative; Faculty of Health Sciences; La Trobe University; Wodonga Victoria Australia
| | - Jeni Warburton
- John Richards Initiative; Faculty of Health Sciences; La Trobe University; Wodonga Victoria Australia
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Oliver A, Galiana L, Sancho P, Tomás JM. Espiritualidad, esperanza y dependencia como predictores de la satisfacción vital y la percepción de salud: efecto moderador de ser muy mayor. AQUICHAN 2015. [DOI: 10.5294/aqui.2015.15.2.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objetivo: analizar algunos predictores de la calidad de vida en personas mayores, diferenciando entre mayores jóvenes o muy mayores. Esto es, se estudia un potencial efecto moderador debido a ser muy mayor, dado que este sector de la población está en rápido crecimiento en todo el mundo. Materiales y métodos: estudio transversal analítico de encuesta a 224 personas mayores, en dos grupos diferenciales, menores de 75 años y 75 años o más, que viven en la ciudad de Valencia (España). Resultados: se ajustó un modelo estructural multimuestra donde las dimensiones de espiritualidad y la esperanza predicen dos indicadores de calidad de vida en personas mayores: satisfacción vital y percepción de salud. Se han encontrado relaciones estadísticamente significativas (p < 0,05) entre la espiritualidad y la esperanza, y los dos indicadores; especialmente potente es la predicción de la satisfacción vital. Asimismo, los resultados multimuestra indican que la fe juega un papel diferencial relevante en los muy mayores. Discusión: se ponen en relación los hallazgos con la literatura. Conclusiones: existe un importante impacto, en algunos casos diferencial para los muy mayores, de la espiritualidad sobre indicadores de envejecimiento con éxito tales como la satisfacción vital y la salud, y la capacidad para realizar actividades, ya sea instrumentales de la vida diaria, o en general todo tipo de actividades productivas.
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Barton YA, Miller L. Spirituality and positive psychology go hand in hand: an investigation of multiple empirically derived profiles and related protective benefits. JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2015; 54:829-43. [PMID: 25862339 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-015-0045-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We investigate the relationship between personal spirituality and positive psychology traits as potentially presented in multiple profiles, rather than monolithically across a full sample. A sample of 3966 adolescents and emerging adults (aged 18-25, mean = 20.19, SD = 2.08) and 2014 older adults (aged 26-82, mean = 38.41, SD = 11.26) completed a survey assessing daily spiritual experiences (relationship with a Higher Power and sense of a sacred world), forgiveness, gratitude, optimism, grit, and meaning. To assess the relative protective benefits of potential profiles, we also assessed the level of depressive symptoms and frequency of substance use (tobacco, marijuana, alcohol, and heavy alcohol use). Latent class analysis (LCA) was used to examine common subgroupings of study participants across report on personal spirituality and positive psychology scales in each age cohort, with potential difference between latent classes then tested in level of depressive symptoms and degree of substance use. LCA determined a four-class and a three-class best-fitting models for the younger and older cohorts, respectively. Level of personal spirituality and level of positive psychology traits were found to coincide in 83 % of adolescents and emerging adults and in 71 % of older adults, suggesting personal spirituality and positive psychology traits go hand in hand. A minority subgroup of "virtuous humanists" showed high levels of positive psychology traits but low levels of personal spirituality, across both age cohorts. Whereas level of depression was found to be inversely associated with positive psychology traits and personal spirituality, uniquely personal spirituality was protective against degree of substance use across both age cohorts. Overall interpretation of the study findings suggests that personal spirituality may be foundational to positive psychology traits in the majority of people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yakov A Barton
- Teachers College, Columbia University, 525 West 120th Street, New York, NY, 10027, USA
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Abstract
ABSTRACTAs more people experience old age as a time of growth and productivity, more research is needed that explores how they master everyday life. This paper reports on a qualitative study that explored how ten older women age 90 years or more experience and cope with the challenges of everyday life with a salutogenic perspective. The findings suggest that health resources such as positive expectation, reflection and adaptation, function and active contribution, relations and home, contribute to the health capital of women. These health resources were of importance for the women's experience of comprehensibility, manageability and meaningfulness in daily life. Health capital is a meaningful concept for understanding coping in everyday life by older people.
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