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Coutinho TL, Marson FAL, Rangel O, Giorgio S, Silva KC, Levy CE. Monitoring Leishmania infantum Infections in Female Lutzomyia longipalpis by Using DNA Extraction on Cation Exchange Paper and PCR Pool Testing. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12112653. [PMID: 36359496 PMCID: PMC9689157 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12112653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis remains a serious public health issue, and Brazil was among the seven countries with the highest prevalence of this disease worldwide. The measures to control this disease are not easily developed, and the improvement of its diagnosis, surveillance, and control is still needed. This study aimed to carry out the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnosis of Leishmania infantum in vector samples in some municipalities of the State of São Paulo, which included two municipalities with human disease transmission and two with dog transmission only. Vectors were collected in traps with luminous bait. Next, they were killed at -4 °C and kept in 70% alcohol. Groups of ten female insects (pools) were mashed on cation exchange paper (fine cellulose phosphate with 18 µEq/cm² ionic exchange capacity) for DNA extraction. The PCR was carried out to identify the natural infection of the Leishmania genus in female Lutzomyia longipalpis (Lu. Longipalpis). Out of the 3,880 Lu. longipalpis phlebotomines, 1060 were female and 2820 were male (3:1). The method used to extract the DNA in pools of ten phlebotomines and the PCR resulted in sensitivity, specificity, practicality, and faster analyses when compared to the individual analysis method. The procedure described can be used on a large scale in the leishmaniasis epidemiological surveillance, enabling a higher number of analyses and the optimization of human resources because the traditional diagnostic method is carried out via desiccation of the insect digestive system and microscopic examination, which is time-demanding and there is the need of manual skills.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiago Leonetti Coutinho
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernando Augusto Lima Marson
- Post Graduate Program in Health Science, Laboratory of Medical and Human Genetics, São Francisco University, Bragança Paulista 12916-900, São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: or (F.A.L.M.); (C.E.L.); Tel.: +55-19-997692712 (F.A.L.M.)
| | - Osias Rangel
- Pasteur Institute, São Paulo 01311-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Selma Giorgio
- Biology Institute, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-970, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Kamila Cristina Silva
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carlos Emilio Levy
- Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas, Campinas 13083-887, São Paulo, Brazil
- Correspondence: or (F.A.L.M.); (C.E.L.); Tel.: +55-19-997692712 (F.A.L.M.)
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Khazaei M, Rahnama V, Motazedian MH, Samani SM, Hatam G. In vitro effect of artemether-loaded nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) on Leishmania infantum. J Parasit Dis 2021; 45:964-971. [PMID: 34789979 DOI: 10.1007/s12639-021-01373-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Visceral leishmaniasis (VL) is an acute and deadly form of leishmaniasis, caused by Leishmania infantum parasite. Due to the toxicity and side effects of conventional treatment options, such as glucantime and other pentavalent drugs, finding novel drugs with fewer adverse effects is required. Artemether (ART), is one of the derivatives of artemisinin, which was shown to be effective in treating malaria and more recently, leishmaniasis. In this fundamental-applied research, we compared the effect of ART and nanostructure loaded with artemether (NLC-ART) on Leishmania infantum promastigotes and amastigotes, at different concentrations (2.5-5-10-25-50-100 μg/ml) using the MTT(3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay method after 24 and 48 h of treatment. Inhibitory concentration (IC50) values (μg/ml) of promastigote and amastigote of L. infantum to ART/ NLC-ART, after 48 h of treatment, were found to be 37.12 / 32.1 and 16.43 / 15.42, respectively. Moreover, we found that (NLC-ART), had the lowest cytotoxicity against the J774 macrophage cell line. Conclusion: The NLC-ART can be a good candidate for the treatment of visceral leishmaniasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meisam Khazaei
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Vahid Rahnama
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Hossein Motazedian
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
- Nanomedicine and Nano Biology Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Soliman Mohammadi Samani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Hatam
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Yimam Ayene Y, Mohebali M, Hajjaran H, Akhoundi B, Shojaee S, Rahimi-Foroushani A, Afshar MJA, Zarei Z. A comparative study of nested-PCR and direct agglutination test (DAT) for the detection of Leishmania infantum infection in symptomatic and asymptomatic domestic dogs. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:270. [PMID: 34256817 PMCID: PMC8276487 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05654-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL) is the main source of human visceral leishmaniosis (HVL) in Mediterranean region, including Iran and is spread from domestic dogs to Phlebotomine sand flies vectors to humans. To control the transmission of HVL, early and accurate detection of infected dogs is paramount importance despite it remains a confronting challenge. Herein, we evaluated the performance of direct agglutination test (DAT) against gold standard nested polymerase chain reaction (nested-PCR) for CVL diagnosis in symptomatic and asymptomatic domestic dogs from endemic areas of Iran. Results Venous blood samples were collected from dogs without clinical signs (n = 30) and with clinical signs (n = 35) suggestive of Leishmania infantum infection. Among 65 samples examined, Leishmania DNA was detected by nested-PCR in 89.23% (58/65). Furthermore, 86.15% (56/65) nested-PCR positive samples were also DAT positive. The results of the DAT sensitivity test were 96.43% and 96.67% in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs, respectively, while the specificity was 100.00% and 60.00% in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs, respectively. The results of this study also pointed out substantial concordance between DAT test and nested-PCR method in both symptomatic dogs (Κ = 0.783; P < 0.001) and asymptomatic dogs (Κ = 0.618; P < 0.001). Thus, DAT represents as a simple and economic tool for initial diagnosis of CVL particularly in endemic areas of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonas Yimam Ayene
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mohebali
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran. .,Centers for Research of Endemic Parasites of Iran (CREPI), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Homa Hajjaran
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Akhoundi
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeedeh Shojaee
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Rahimi-Foroushani
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Abbaszadeh Afshar
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Jiroft University of Medical Sciences, Jiroft, Iran
| | - Z Zarei
- Department of Medical Parasitology and Mycology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Chagas ÚMR, de Avelar DM, Marcelino AP, Paz GF, Gontijo CMF. Correlations between tissue parasite load and common clinical signs in dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum. Vet Parasitol 2021; 291:109368. [PMID: 33556846 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2021.109368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
qPCR is being used for the quantification of parasite load in different tissues of dogs infected by Leishmania infantum with or without clinical manifestations. It may be employed in the diagnosis, monitoring of the infection during treatment, and clinical studies for validation of vaccines. Aimed at enhancing the molecular diagnosis and the subsequent monitoring of the infection, this study evaluated the parasite load in several tissues from dogs infected by Leishmania infantum, showing different clinical status. Thus, the qPCR was performed on skin, conjunctival swab, popliteal lymph node, and bone marrow puncture samples taken from 65 dogs naturally infected by L. infantum. Dogs were divided into three groups per clinical score: group 1 (n = 12), included animals with zero points and no clinical manifestations of the disease; group 2 (n = 35), included animals with a score ranging from 1 to 5 points and moderate clinical manifestations; and group 3 (n = 18), included dogs with a score ranging from 6 to 11 points and intensive clinical manifestations. Another analysis was performed classifying the animals into two groups, considering the presence of, or lack of clinical signs of the disease. Analyses of these results showed that the skin was the tissue with a higher parasite load, followed by popliteal lymph node and bone marrow punctures, and conjunctival swab samples having the lowest loads. Furthermore, the skin was also the tissue with the highest parasite load when evaluating the groups individually. Animals in group 3, with intensive clinical manifestations, showed a higher parasite load in different tissues when compared to animals from groups 1 and 2. Finally, animals with clinical manifestations of the disease showed a higher parasite load when compared to dogs with no manifestations. The importance of the dog as a reservoir of L. infantum in nature is reinforced by the demonstration of skin having the highest amount of parasites/μL in this study's analysis, as well as the fact that skin is the main point of access to the parasite vector. Also, a strong and positive correlation between the intensity of clinical manifestations and the increase of parasite load in the skin was observed. In conclusion, skin was the tissue that was demonstrated to be the best option for the molecular diagnosis of L. infantum infection in dogs with varying clinical statuses used in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Úrsula Maira Russo Chagas
- Study Group in Leishmaniosis, Instituto René Rachou (IRR) -Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ/MG), 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (MG), CEP 30.190-002, Brazil.
| | - Daniel Moreira de Avelar
- Clinical Research and Public Politics Group in Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Instituto de Pesquisa René Rachou (IRR) -Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ/MG), 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (MG), CEP 30.190-002, Brazil.
| | - Andreza Pain Marcelino
- Clinical Research and Surveillance Laboratory in Leishmaniosis, Instituto Nacional de Infectologia Evandro Chagas, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ/RJ), 4365 Brasil Avenue, Pavilhão Maria Deane, Manguinhos, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro (RJ), CEP 21.040-360, Brazil.
| | - Gustavo Fontes Paz
- Study Group in Leishmaniosis, Instituto René Rachou (IRR) -Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ/MG), 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (MG), CEP 30.190-002, Brazil.
| | - Célia Maria Ferreira Gontijo
- Study Group in Leishmaniosis, Instituto René Rachou (IRR) -Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ/MG), 1715 Augusto de Lima Avenue, Barro Preto, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais (MG), CEP 30.190-002, Brazil.
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Trypanosomes of vectors and domestic dogs in Trypanosoma cruzi transmission areas from Brazilian southwestern amazon: New mammalian host for Trypanosoma janseni. Acta Trop 2020; 210:105504. [PMID: 32526167 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi is a widespread protozoan in Latin America causing Chagas disease in humans and able to infect several other mammal species. The objective of this study was to investigate the T. cruzi infection in triatomine fauna as well as in dogs from distinct areas of Acre, western Brazilian Amazonia, which recently reported acute cases of human CD as well as an area that have not notify this disease recently. Triatomines were collected and the intestinal contents were evaluated for the presence of trypanosomatids by optical microscopy and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the mini-exon gene. Blood smear, hemoculture, PCR and serology were performed in the studied mammals. Fecal content of four triatomines were positive (11.6%) in the fresh examination. Molecular analysis identified Trypanosoma cruzi TCI in two specimens. Blood samples from 90 dogs were obtained. Trypanosoma sp. was observed in six blood smears (6/83, 7.22%). Seropositivity for T. cruzi was 8/89 (8.98). One dog's hemoculture was obtained and characterized as T. rangeli. PCR reactions in blood clots resulted in one positive dog (1/75, 1.3%) infected by T. janseni, providing a new mammalian host for a recently described Trypanosoma species. The results demonstrate the low exposition and prevalence for T. cruzi suggesting that dogs are not important to T. cruzi transmission cycle in the studied áreas.
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Phenotype evaluation of human and canine isolates of Leishmania infantum. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 73:101551. [PMID: 33010787 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2020.101551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human visceral leishmaniasis (VL) and canine leishmaniasis (CanL) in countries of South and Central America are caused by Leishmania infantum and has been endemic in Brazil for several years. The parasite biodiversity as well as the pharmacologic properties of drugs and the host species, are involved in the efficacy or inefficacy of leishmaniasis treatments. Although there are substantial number of reports describing the genetic characterization of the clinical field isolates of L. infantum,the phenotypic parameters have been less studied. In this study isolates from human and canine leishmaniasis (Hum1 and Can1) obtained in Campinas, São Paulo state, Brazil were identified as L. infantum. The Hum1 and Can1 isolates exhibited typical promastigote growth pattern. Regarding morphological features Can1 isolate differed in cell size. The infectivity in vitro of both isolatesis lower compared to the reference strain of L. infantum. Moreover, the in vivo infectivity of the three parasites is similar in Balb/c mice. The Hum1 isolate is more sensitive to leishmanial drugs (amphotericin B, miltefosine and glucantime) than the Can1 isolate when inside human macrophages, but not when inside canine macrophages. These findings indicated that L. infantum isolates differs in some phenotypic characteristics.
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Rodrigues MS, Lima L, Xavier SCDC, Herrera HM, Rocha FL, Roque ALR, Teixeira MMG, Jansen AM. Uncovering Trypanosoma spp. diversity of wild mammals by the use of DNA from blood clots. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL FOR PARASITOLOGY-PARASITES AND WILDLIFE 2019; 8:171-181. [PMID: 30847276 PMCID: PMC6389730 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijppaw.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma spp. infection in wild mammals is detected mainly through parasitological tests that usually display low sensitivity. We propose the use of DNA extracted directly from blood clots (BC), which are neglected sources of DNA for diagnosis and identification of Trypanosoma spp. This approach followed by nested PCR targeting the 18S SSU rDNA demonstrated to be sensitive and suitable to evaluate the diversity of trypanosomes infecting sylvatic mammals, including subpatent and mixed infections. Infection was detected in 95/120 (79.2%) samples from bats, carnivores and marsupials that included negative serological and hemoculture testing mammals. Thirteen Trypanosoma spp. or Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) were identified, including two new MOTUs. The high diversity of trypanosomes species and MOTUs infecting bats and marsupials showed that these hosts can be considered as bio-accumulators of Trypanosoma spp., with specimens of Didelphis spp. displaying the highest trypanosome diversity. The use of blood clots allowed direct access to non-culturable parasites, mixed infections, besides bypassing the selective pressure on the parasites inherent to cultivation procedures. Trypanosoma cruzi was the species found infecting the highest number of individuals, followed by T. lainsoni. Positive PCR for T. cruzi was observed in 16 seronegative individuals and 30 individuals with negative hemocultures. Also, T. lainsoni, previously found only in rodents, showed to be capable of infecting bats and marsupials. This finding makes it clear that some species of Trypanosoma are more generalist than previously thought. Molecular diagnosis using nested PCR from DNA extracted from BC allowed the increase of the knowledge about host-spectrum and distribution of Trypanosoma spp. and allowed the identification of new MOTUs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Silva Rodrigues
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luciana Lima
- Departamento de Parasitologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Heitor Miraglia Herrera
- Laboratório de Biologia Parasitária, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Lopes Rocha
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Monitoramento Ambiental. Universidade Federal da Paraíba. Centro de Ciências Aplicadas e Educação, Rio Tinto, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Rodrigues Roque
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Ana Maria Jansen
- Laboratório de Biologia de Tripanosomatídeos, Instituto Oswaldo Cruz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Paz GF, Rugani JMN, Marcelino AP, Gontijo CMF. Implications of the use of serological and molecular methods to detect infection by Leishmania spp. in urban pet dogs. Acta Trop 2018; 182:198-201. [PMID: 29545151 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between naturally occurring Leishmania spp. infections in dogs (Canis familiaris) and the practical implications of the use of serological and molecular methods to confirm diagnoses. The study population consisted of 96 domestic dogs in southeastern Brazil. Serum samples were tested for the presence of anti-Leishmania immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies using four commercial canine visceral leishmaniasis kits. Dogs confirmed positive by immunofluorescence antibody test (IFAT) were culled and samples from mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen border, bone marrow and ear skin were taken and submitted to DNA extraction. PCR reactions were performed using primers that amplify a 300-350 bp fragment of the Leishmania ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 (ITS1) region. The ITS1 amplified products were analyzed by PCR-RFLP using Hae III restriction endonuclease. To confirm the Leishmania species detected by PCR, each purified sample was sequenced in duplicate. Of the 96 serum samples submitted to serological assays, 8 (8.3%) tested positive for Leishmania by IFAT, 4 (4.1%) by ELISA, 2 (2.1%) by rK39 RDT and 7 (7.3%) by DPP. Four of these infected dogs (50%) were found to be infected only by Leishmania braziliensis or Leishmania amazonensis, and their serum samples tested positive by IFAT and DPP. These findings demonstrate for the first time that cross-reactivity of L. braziliensis and L. amazonensis infection in dogs can be found using the DPP serum test. This is the first record of Leishmania (Leishmania) amazonensis confirmed by a specific molecular marker in dogs (Canis familiaris) from Belo Horizonte, Brazil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo F Paz
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Jeronimo M N Rugani
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Andreza P Marcelino
- Serviço de Doenças Parasitárias, Divisão de Epidemiologia e Controle de Doenças, Fundação Ezequiel Dias, 30510-010, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Célia M F Gontijo
- Grupo de Estudos em Leishmanioses, Instituto René Rachou, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, 30190-002, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
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de Carvalho FLN, Riboldi EDO, Bello GL, Ramos RR, Barcellos RB, Gehlen M, Halon ML, Romão PRT, Dallegrave E, Rossetti MLR. Canine visceral leishmaniasis diagnosis: a comparative performance of serological and molecular tests in symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs. Epidemiol Infect 2018; 146:571-576. [PMID: 29477155 PMCID: PMC9134517 DOI: 10.1017/s0950268818000225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although serological assays have been widely used for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL), they present different performances depending on the clinical profile of the dogs. This study evaluated the accuracy of serological tests, immunochromatographic (Dual Path Platform: DPP®) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent (ELISA EIE®), for CVL in relation to the detection of Leishmania DNA through real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) in samples from symptomatic and asymptomatic dogs from a non-endemic area in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Southern Brazil. Serum from 140 dogs (39 symptomatic and 101 asymptomatic) was tested by DPP and ELISA followed by real-time PCR. From a total of 140 samples evaluated, Leishmania DNA was detected by real-time PCR in 41.4% (58/140). Moreover, 67.2% of samples positive in real-time PCR were positive in both DPP and ELISA (39/58), showing moderate agreement between methods. In the symptomatic group, one sample non-reactive in both serological assays was positive in real-time PCR, whereas in the asymptomatic group, 17.8% non-reactive or undetermined samples in serological assays were positive in the molecular method. Leishmania DNA was not detected in 17.9% reactive samples by serological assays from the symptomatic group, and in 3.9% from asymptomatic dogs. Real-time PCR demonstrated greater homogeneity between symptomatic and asymptomatic groups compared with DPP and ELISA. The molecular method can help to establish the correct CVL diagnosis, particularly in asymptomatic dogs, avoiding undesirable euthanasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flávio Luiz Nunes de Carvalho
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Emeline de Oliveira Riboldi
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Graziele Lima Bello
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Raquel Rocha Ramos
- Laboratório de Parasitologia, Laboratório Central do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (LACEN), Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (SES/RS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Regina Bones Barcellos
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CDCT), Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (SES/RS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Mirela Gehlen
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
| | - Maria Laura Halon
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CDCT), Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (SES/RS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Pedro Roosevelt Torres Romão
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biociências, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Eliane Dallegrave
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Patologia, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade Federal de Ciências da Saúde de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 90050-170, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Rosa Rossetti
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia Molecular e Celular Aplicada à Saúde, Universidade Luterana do Brasil (ULBRA), Canoas, RS, Brazil
- Centro de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CDCT), Secretaria da Saúde do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul (SES/RS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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