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Tayebwa DS, Hyeroba D, Dunn CD, Dunay E, Richard JC, Biryomumaisho S, Acai JO, Goldberg TL. Viruses of free-roaming and hunting dogs in Uganda show elevated prevalence, richness and abundance across a gradient of contact with wildlife. J Gen Virol 2024; 105. [PMID: 39045787 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.002011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Domestic dogs (Canis lupus familiaris) live with humans, frequently contact other animals and may serve as intermediary hosts for the transmission of viruses. Free-roaming dogs, which account for over 70% of the world's domestic dog population, may pose a particularly high risk in this regard. We conducted an epidemiological study of dog viromes in three locations in Uganda, representing low, medium and high rates of contact with wildlife, ranging from dogs owned specifically for traditional hunting in a biodiversity and disease 'hotspot' to pets in an affluent suburb. We quantified rates of contact between dogs and wildlife through owner interviews and conducted canine veterinary health assessments. We then applied broad-spectrum viral metagenomics to blood plasma samples, from which we identified 46 viruses, 44 of which were previously undescribed, in three viral families, Sedoreoviridae, Parvoviridae and Anelloviridae. All 46 viruses (100 %) occurred in the high-contact population of dogs compared to 63 % and 39 % in the medium- and low-contact populations, respectively. Viral prevalence ranged from 2.1 % to 92.0 % among viruses and was highest, on average, in the high-contact population (22.3 %), followed by the medium-contact (12.3 %) and low-contact (4.8 %) populations. Viral richness (number of viruses per dog) ranged from 0 to 27 and was markedly higher, on average, in the high-contact population (10.2) than in the medium-contact (5.7) or low-contact (2.3) populations. Viral richness was strongly positively correlated with the number of times per year that a dog was fed wildlife and negatively correlated with the body condition score, body temperature and packed cell volume. Viral abundance (cumulative normalized metagenomic read density) varied 124-fold among dogs and was, on average, 4.1-fold higher and 2.4-fold higher in the high-contact population of dogs than in the low-contact or medium-contact populations, respectively. Viral abundance was also strongly positively correlated with the number of times per year that a dog was fed wildlife, negatively correlated with packed cell volume and positively correlated with white blood cell count. These trends were driven by nine viruses in the family Anelloviridae, genus Thetatorquevirus, and by one novel virus in the family Sedoreoviridae, genus Orbivirus. The genus Orbivirus contains zoonotic viruses and viruses that dogs can acquire through ingestion of infected meat. Overall, our findings show that viral prevalence, richness and abundance increased across a gradient of contact between dogs and wildlife and that the health status of the dog modified viral infection. Other ecological, geographic and social factors may also have contributed to these trends. Our finding of a novel orbivirus in dogs with high wildlife contact supports the idea that free-roaming dogs may serve as intermediary hosts for viruses of medical importance to humans and other animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dickson S Tayebwa
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy Clinical and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - David Hyeroba
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy Clinical and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Christopher D Dunn
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Emily Dunay
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Jordan C Richard
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
| | - Savino Biryomumaisho
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy Clinical and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - James O Acai
- Department of Veterinary Pharmacy Clinical and Comparative Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Resources, Makerere University, P.O. Box 7062, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Tony L Goldberg
- Department of Pathobiological Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1656 Linden Drive, Madison, Wisconsin, 53706, USA
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Popuche D, Huaman A, Loyola S, Silva M, Jenkins SA, Guevara C. Development and validation of a vero cell-based suspension method for the detection of Zika virus. Rev Peru Med Exp Salud Publica 2023; 40:297-306. [PMID: 37991033 PMCID: PMC10959515 DOI: 10.17843/rpmesp.2023.403.12606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE. To develop and validate a cell suspension method using Vero 76 cells for culturing Zika virus (ZIKV) based on infection of detached freshly seeded cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS. Three different multiplicities of infection of ZIKV were used to develop and compare this novel method to the standard confluent cell monolayer method. In addition, we preliminary validated the cell suspension method using well-characterized ZIKV positive and negative clinical samples. The standard confluent cell monolayer method was used as the reference method, and viral isolation was confirmed by a ZIKV-specific RT-PCR. The sensitivity and its 95% confidence intervals for the cell suspension method were estimated. Also, a technical comparison of the cell suspension method against the cell monolayer method was performed. RESULTS. Our findings suggested that both the viral load and replication of ZIKV were comparable between both monolayer- and suspension-infection methods. Although both methods were suitable for culturing and isolating ZIKV, the cell suspension method was easier, cheaper, and quicker as well as a sensitive isolation technique. The cell suspension method was significantly more sensitive in detecting Zika in inconclusive cases by RT-PCR, with a fourfold increase compared to the confluent cell monolayer method. CONCLUSION. The cell suspension method has the potential to be an effective method for cultivating and isolating ZIKV and its application is potentially useful in both research and clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Popuche
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTH, Lima, Peru.U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTHLimaPeru
| | - Alfredo Huaman
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTH, Lima, Peru.U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTHLimaPeru
| | - Steev Loyola
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru.Universidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaFacultad de MedicinaUniversidad Peruana Cayetano HerediaLimaPeru
- Vysnova Partners Inc., Maryland, USAVysnova Partners Inc.MarylandUSA
| | - María Silva
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTH, Lima, Peru.U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTHLimaPeru
| | - Sarah A. Jenkins
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTH, Lima, Peru.U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTHLimaPeru
- Naval Medical Research Center, Silver Spring, USANaval Medical CenterNaval Medical Research CenterSilver SpringUSA
| | - Carolina Guevara
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTH, Lima, Peru.U.S. Naval Medical Research Unit SOUTHLimaPeru
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3
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Manet C, Mansuroglu Z, Conquet L, Bortolin V, Comptdaer T, Segrt H, Bourdon M, Menidjel R, Stadler N, Tian G, Herit F, Niedergang F, Souès S, Buée L, Galas MC, Montagutelli X, Bonnefoy E. Zika virus infection of mature neurons from immunocompetent mice generates a disease-associated microglia and a tauopathy-like phenotype in link with a delayed interferon beta response. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:307. [PMID: 36539803 PMCID: PMC9764315 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02668-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Zika virus (ZIKV) infection at postnatal or adult age can lead to neurological disorders associated with cognitive defects. Yet, how mature neurons respond to ZIKV remains substantially unexplored. METHODS The impact of ZIKV infection on mature neurons and microglia was analyzed at the molecular and cellular levels, in vitro using immunocompetent primary cultured neurons and microglia, and in vivo in the brain of adult immunocompetent mice following intracranial ZIKV inoculation. We have used C57BL/6 and the genetically diverse Collaborative Cross mouse strains, displaying a broad range of susceptibility to ZIKV infection, to question the correlation between the effects induced by ZIKV infection on neurons and microglia and the in vivo susceptibility to ZIKV. RESULTS As a result of a delayed induction of interferon beta (IFNB) expression and response, infected neurons displayed an inability to stop ZIKV replication, a trait that was further increased in neurons from susceptible mice. Alongside with an enhanced expression of ZIKV RNA, we observed in vivo, in the brain of susceptible mice, an increased level of active Iba1-expressing microglial cells occasionally engulfing neurons and displaying a gene expression profile close to the molecular signature of disease-associated microglia (DAM). In vivo as well as in vitro, only neurons and not microglial cells were identified as infected, raising the question of the mechanisms underlying microglia activation following brain ZIKV infection. Treatment of primary cultured microglia with conditioned media from ZIKV-infected neurons demonstrated that type-I interferons (IFNs-I) secreted by neurons late after infection activate non-infected microglial cells. In addition, ZIKV infection induced pathological phosphorylation of Tau (pTau) protein, a hallmark of neurodegenerative tauopathies, in vitro and in vivo with clusters of neurons displaying pTau surrounded by active microglial cells. CONCLUSIONS We show that ZIKV-infected mature neurons display an inability to stop viral replication in link with a delayed IFNB expression and response, while signaling microglia for activation through IFNs-I secreted at late times post-infection. In the brain of ZIKV-infected susceptible mice, uninfected microglial cells adopt an active morphology and a DAM expression profile, surrounding and sometimes engulfing neurons while ZIKV-infected neurons accumulate pTau, overall reflecting a tauopathy-like phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Manet
- grid.5842.b0000 0001 2171 2558Institut Pasteur, Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Zeyni Mansuroglu
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Laurine Conquet
- grid.5842.b0000 0001 2171 2558Institut Pasteur, Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Violaine Bortolin
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Thomas Comptdaer
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Inserm, LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Helena Segrt
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Marie Bourdon
- grid.5842.b0000 0001 2171 2558Institut Pasteur, Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Reyene Menidjel
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Stadler
- grid.508487.60000 0004 7885 7602Université Paris Cité, Inserm UMR1124, 75006 Paris, France
| | - Guanfang Tian
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Floriane Herit
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Florence Niedergang
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Sylvie Souès
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
| | - Luc Buée
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Inserm, LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Marie-Christine Galas
- grid.503422.20000 0001 2242 6780University Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, Inserm, LilNCog - Lille Neuroscience & Cognition, 59000 Lille, France
| | - Xavier Montagutelli
- grid.5842.b0000 0001 2171 2558Institut Pasteur, Mouse Genetics Laboratory, Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Eliette Bonnefoy
- grid.462098.10000 0004 0643 431XUniversité Paris Cité, Institut Cochin, Inserm, CNRS, 75014 Paris, France
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4
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Morales I, Rosenberger KD, Magalhaes T, Morais CNL, Braga C, Marques ETA, Calvet GA, Damasceno L, Brasil P, Bispo de Filippis AM, Tami A, Bethencourt S, Alvarez M, Martínez PA, Guzman MG, Souza Benevides B, Caprara A, Quyen NTH, Simmons CP, Wills B, de Lamballerie X, Drexler JF, Jaenisch T. Diagnostic performance of anti-Zika virus IgM, IgAM and IgG ELISAs during co-circulation of Zika, dengue, and chikungunya viruses in Brazil and Venezuela. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009336. [PMID: 33872309 PMCID: PMC8084345 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Serological diagnosis of Zika virus (ZIKV) infection is challenging because of the antibody cross-reactivity among flaviviruses. At the same time, the role of Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) is limited by the low proportion of symptomatic infections and the low average viral load. Here, we compared the diagnostic performance of commercially available IgM, IgAM, and IgG ELISAs in sequential samples during the ZIKV and chikungunya (CHIKV) epidemics and co-circulation of dengue virus (DENV) in Brazil and Venezuela. Methodology/Principal findings Acute (day of illness 1–5) and follow-up (day of illness ≥ 6) blood samples were collected from nine hundred and seven symptomatic patients enrolled in a prospective multicenter study between June 2012 and August 2016. Acute samples were tested by RT-PCR for ZIKV, DENV, and CHIKV. Acute and follow-up samples were tested for IgM, IgAM, and IgG antibodies to ZIKV using commercially available ELISAs. Among follow-up samples with a RT-PCR confirmed ZIKV infection, anti-ZIKV IgAM sensitivity was 93.5% (43/46), while IgM and IgG exhibited sensitivities of 30.3% (10/33) and 72% (18/25), respectively. An additional 24% (26/109) of ZIKV infections were detected via IgAM seroconversion in ZIKV/DENV/CHIKV RT-PCR negative patients. The specificity of anti-ZIKV IgM was estimated at 93% and that of IgAM at 85%. Conclusions/Significance Our findings exemplify the challenges of the assessment of test performance for ZIKV serological tests in the real-world setting, during co-circulation of DENV, ZIKV, and CHIKV. However, we can also demonstrate that the IgAM immunoassay exhibits superior sensitivity to detect ZIKV RT-PCR confirmed infections compared to IgG and IgM immunoassays. The IgAM assay also proves to be promising for detection of anti-ZIKV seroconversions in sequential samples, both in ZIKV PCR-positive as well as PCR-negative patients, making this a candidate assay for serological monitoring of pregnant women in future ZIKV outbreaks. Zika virus (ZIKV) is transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitos but can also be transmitted sexually or vertically from mother-to-child. The same mosquitoes transmit dengue virus (DENV) and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), which cause similar clinical syndromes. The ZIKV epidemics in the Pacific and the Americas that occurred between 2015 and 2017 were linked to congenital abnormalities, most prominently microcephaly, in newborns. Because most infections are asymptomatic, diagnosis via indirect serological assays is an important strategy. On the other hand, many serological assays are affected by cross-reactivity resulting from prior infections by closely related viruses, such as DENV. This study evaluated three commercially available and widely used immunoassays that detect IgG, IgM or IgA and M (IgAM) antibodies to ZIKV. Our results suggest that the IgAM test performs best by detecting around 90% of RT-PCR confirmed infections. We also detected additional infections that were not detected by RT-PCR. The strength of this study is that it was carried out in two different countries of the American region where several arboviruses are endemic and that sequential blood samples from individual patients were available to evaluate the performance of the tests over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivonne Morales
- Section Clinical Tropical Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), associated partner Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kerstin D. Rosenberger
- Section Clinical Tropical Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), associated partner Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Tereza Magalhaes
- Center for Vector-Borne Infectious Diseases (CVID), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Pathology, Colorado State University (CSU), Fort Collins, Colorado, United States of America
| | - Clarice N. L. Morais
- Laboratory of Virology and Experimental Therapeutics, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
| | - Cynthia Braga
- Department of Parasitology, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
- Institute of Integral Medicine Professor Fernando Figueira (Instituto de Medicina Integral Professor Fernando Figueira-IMIP), Recife, Brazil
| | - Ernesto T. A. Marques
- Laboratory of Virology and Experimental Therapeutics, Aggeu Magalhaes Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Recife, Brazil
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Graduate School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Guilherme Amaral Calvet
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luana Damasceno
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patricia Brasil
- Evandro Chagas National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Adriana Tami
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo,
Valencia, Venezuela
| | - Sarah Bethencourt
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Carabobo,
Valencia, Venezuela
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Nguyen Than Ha Quyen
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Cameron P. Simmons
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Institute for Vector-Borne Disease, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bridget Wills
- Oxford University Clinical Research Unit, Hospital for Tropical Diseases, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Centre for Tropical Medicine and Global Health, Nuffield Department of Clinical Medicine, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Xavier de Lamballerie
- Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE Aix Marseille Université, IRD 190, Inserm 1207-IHUMéditerranée Infection), Marseille, France
| | - Jan Felix Drexler
- Institute of Virology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Sechenov University, Martsinovsky Institute of Medical Parasitology, Tropical and Vector-Borne Diseases, Moscow, Russia
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), associated partner Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas Jaenisch
- Section Clinical Tropical Medicine, Department for Infectious Diseases, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), associated partner Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- Heidelberg Institute of Global Health (HIGH), Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Genetic Diversity of Collaborative Cross Mice Controls Viral Replication, Clinical Severity, and Brain Pathology Induced by Zika Virus Infection, Independently of Oas1b. J Virol 2020; 94:JVI.01034-19. [PMID: 31694939 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01034-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 11/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The explosive spread of Zika virus (ZIKV) has been associated with major variations in severe disease and congenital afflictions among infected populations, suggesting an influence of host genes. We investigated how genome-wide variants could impact susceptibility to ZIKV infection in mice. We first describe that the susceptibility of Ifnar1-knockout mice is largely influenced by their genetic background. We then show that Collaborative Cross (CC) mice, which exhibit a broad genetic diversity, in which the type I interferon receptor (IFNAR) was blocked by an anti-IFNAR antibody expressed phenotypes ranging from complete resistance to severe symptoms and death, with large variations in the peak and the rate of decrease in the plasma viral load, in the brain viral load, in brain histopathology, and in the viral replication rate in infected cells. The differences in susceptibility to ZIKV between CC strains correlated with the differences in susceptibility to dengue and West Nile viruses between the strains. We identified highly susceptible and resistant mouse strains as new models to investigate the mechanisms of human ZIKV disease and other flavivirus infections. Genetic analyses revealed that phenotypic variations are driven by multiple genes with small effects, reflecting the complexity of ZIKV disease susceptibility in the human population. Notably, our results rule out the possibility of a role of the Oas1b gene in the susceptibility to ZIKV. Altogether, the findings of this study emphasize the role of host genes in the pathogeny of ZIKV infection and lay the foundation for further genetic and mechanistic studies.IMPORTANCE In recent outbreaks, ZIKV has infected millions of people and induced rare but potentially severe complications, including Guillain-Barré syndrome and encephalitis in adults. While several viral sequence variants were proposed to enhance the pathogenicity of ZIKV, the influence of host genetic variants in mediating the clinical heterogeneity remains mostly unexplored. We addressed this question using a mouse panel which models the genetic diversity of the human population and a ZIKV strain from a recent clinical isolate. Through a combination of in vitro and in vivo approaches, we demonstrate that multiple host genetic variants determine viral replication in infected cells and the clinical severity, the kinetics of blood viral load, and brain pathology in mice. We describe new mouse models expressing high degrees of susceptibility or resistance to ZIKV and to other flaviviruses. These models will facilitate the identification and mechanistic characterization of host genes that influence ZIKV pathogenesis.
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Li G, Bos S, Tsetsarkin KA, Pletnev AG, Desprès P, Gadea G, Zhao RY. The Roles of prM-E Proteins in Historical and Epidemic Zika Virus-mediated Infection and Neurocytotoxicity. Viruses 2019; 11:v11020157. [PMID: 30769824 PMCID: PMC6409645 DOI: 10.3390/v11020157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 02/03/2019] [Accepted: 02/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The Zika virus (ZIKV) was first isolated in Africa in 1947. It was shown to be a mild virus that had limited threat to humans. However, the resurgence of the ZIKV in the most recent Brazil outbreak surprised us because it causes severe human congenital and neurologic disorders including microcephaly in newborns and Guillain-Barré syndrome in adults. Studies showed that the epidemic ZIKV strains are phenotypically different from the historic strains, suggesting that the epidemic ZIKV has acquired mutations associated with the altered viral pathogenicity. However, what genetic changes are responsible for the changed viral pathogenicity remains largely unknown. One of our early studies suggested that the ZIKV structural proteins contribute in part to the observed virologic differences. The objectives of this study were to compare the historic African MR766 ZIKV strain with two epidemic Brazilian strains (BR15 and ICD) for their abilities to initiate viral infection and to confer neurocytopathic effects in the human brain’s SNB-19 glial cells, and further to determine which part of the ZIKV structural proteins are responsible for the observed differences. Our results show that the historic African (MR766) and epidemic Brazilian (BR15 and ICD) ZIKV strains are different in viral attachment to host neuronal cells, viral permissiveness and replication, as well as in the induction of cytopathic effects. The analysis of chimeric viruses, generated between the MR766 and BR15 molecular clones, suggests that the ZIKV E protein correlates with the viral attachment, and the C-prM region contributes to the permissiveness and ZIKV-induced cytopathic effects. The expression of adenoviruses, expressing prM and its processed protein products, shows that the prM protein and its cleaved Pr product, but not the mature M protein, induces apoptotic cell death in the SNB-19 cells. We found that the Pr region, which resides on the N-terminal side of prM protein, is responsible for prM-induced apoptotic cell death. Mutational analysis further identified four amino-acid residues that have an impact on the ability of prM to induce apoptosis. Together, the results of this study show that the difference of ZIKV-mediated viral pathogenicity, between the historic and epidemic strains, contributed in part the functions of the structural prM-E proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ge Li
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
| | - Sandra Bos
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Sainte-Clotilde, 97400 La Réunion, France.
| | | | | | - Philippe Desprès
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Sainte-Clotilde, 97400 La Réunion, France.
| | - Gilles Gadea
- Unité Mixte Processus Infectieux en Milieu Insulaire Tropical, Plateforme Technologique CYROI, Université de La Réunion, INSERM U1187, CNRS UMR 9192, IRD UMR 249, Sainte-Clotilde, 97400 La Réunion, France.
| | - Richard Y Zhao
- Department of Pathology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Institute of Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
- Institute of Human Virology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.
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Poveda-Cuevas S, Etchebest C, Barroso da Silva FL. Insights into the ZIKV NS1 Virology from Different Strains through a Fine Analysis of Physicochemical Properties. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:16212-16229. [PMID: 31458257 PMCID: PMC6643396 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b02081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The flavivirus genus has several organisms responsible for generating various diseases in humans. Recently, especially in tropical regions, Zika virus (ZIKV) has raised great health concerns due to the high number of cases affecting the area during the last years that has been accompanied by a rise in the cases of the Guillain-Barré syndrome and fetal and neonatal microcephaly. Diagnosis is still difficult since the clinical symptoms between ZIKV and other flaviviruses (e.g., dengue and yellow fever) are highly similar. The understanding of their common physicochemical properties that are pH-dependent and biomolecular interaction features and their differences sheds light on the relation strain-virulence and might suggest alternative strategies toward differential serological diagnostics and therapeutic intervention. Due to their immunogenicity, the primary focus of this study was on the ZIKV nonstructural proteins 1 (NS1). By means of computational studies and semiquantitative theoretical analyses, we calculated the main physicochemical properties of this protein from different strains that are directly responsible for the biomolecular interactions and, therefore, can be related to the differential infectivity of the strains. We also mapped the electrostatic differences at both the sequence and structural levels for the strains from Uganda to Brazil, which could suggest possible molecular mechanisms for the increase of the virulence of ZIKV in Brazil. Exploring the interfaces used by NS1 to self-associate in some different oligomeric states and interact with membranes and the antibody, we could map the strategy used by the ZIKV during its evolutionary process. This indicates possible molecular mechanisms that can be correlated with the different immunological responses. By comparing with the known antibody structure available for the West Nile virus, we demonstrated that this antibody would have difficulties to neutralize the NS1 from the Brazilian strain. The present study also opens up perspectives to computationally design high-specificity antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergio
A. Poveda-Cuevas
- Programa
Interunidades em Bioinformática, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
- Departamento
de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de
São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
- University
of São Paulo and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité
Joint International Laboratory in Structural Bioinformatics
| | - Catherine Etchebest
- Institut
National de la Transfusion Sanguine, Paris 75015, France
- Biologie
Intégrée du Globule Rouge, Equipe 2, Dynamique des Structures
et des Interactions Moléculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale,
UMR_S 1134, Paris 75015, France
- Université
Sorbonne Paris Cité and Université Paris Diderot, 75013 Paris, France
- University
of São Paulo and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité
Joint International Laboratory in Structural Bioinformatics
| | - Fernando L. Barroso da Silva
- Programa
Interunidades em Bioinformática, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo 05508-090, Brazil
- Departamento
de Física e Química, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas
de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de
São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo 14040-903, Brazil
- University
of São Paulo and Université Sorbonne Paris Cité
Joint International Laboratory in Structural Bioinformatics
- Department
of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27606, United States
- E-mail: and
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Osuna-Ramos JF, Reyes-Ruiz JM, Del Ángel RM. The Role of Host Cholesterol During Flavivirus Infection. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2018; 8:388. [PMID: 30450339 PMCID: PMC6224431 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2018.00388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years the emergence and resurgence of arboviruses have generated a global health alert. Among arboviruses, Dengue (DENV), Zika (ZIKV), Yellow Fever (YFV), and West Nile (WNV) virus, belong to the genus Flavivirus, cause high viremia and occasionally fatal clinical disease in humans. Given the genetic austerity of the virus, they depend on cellular factors and organelles to complete its replication. One of the cellular components required for flavivirus infection is cholesterol. Cholesterol is an abundant lipid in biomembranes of eukaryotes cells and is necessary to maintain the cellular homeostasis. Recently, it has been reported, that cholesterol is fundamental during flavivirus infection in both mammal and insect vector models. During infection with DENV, ZIKV, YFV, and WNV the modulation of levels of host-cholesterol facilitates viral entry, replicative complexes formation, assembly, egress, and control of the interferon type I response. This modulation involves changes in cholesterol uptake with the concomitant regulation of cholesterol receptors as well as changes in cholesterol synthesis related to important modifications in cellular metabolism pathways. In view of the flavivirus dependence of cholesterol and the lack of an effective anti-flaviviral treatment, this cellular lipid has been proposed as a therapeutic target to treat infection using FDA-approved cholesterol-lowering drugs. This review aims to address the dependence of cholesterol by flaviviruses as well as the basis for anti flaviviral therapy using drugs which target is cholesterol synthesis or uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fidel Osuna-Ramos
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - José Manuel Reyes-Ruiz
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
| | - Rosa Maria Del Ángel
- Department of Infectomics and Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Research and Advanced Studies (CINVESTAV-IPN), Ciudad de Mexico, Mexico
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