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Sobotik EB, House GM, Stiewert AM, Bello A, Dersjant-Li Y, Marchal L, Archer GS. Effects of a Novel Consensus Bacterial 6-Phytase Variant on Growth Performance and Bone Ash of Broilers Fed Complex Diets Highly Deficient in Minerals, Digestible Amino Acids and Energy through 42 Days of Age. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:1563. [PMID: 38891610 PMCID: PMC11171212 DOI: 10.3390/ani14111563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of increasing the dose of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant expressed in Trichoderma reesei (PhyG) in broilers fed complex diets highly deficient in minerals, dig AA, and energy. Diets were a nutrient-adequate control (PC); a nutrient-reduced control (NC) formulated with a reduction in available P (avP) by 0.199%, Ca by 0.21%, crude protein by 0.72-1.03%, dig Lys by 0.064-0.084%, Na by 0.047%, and ME by 87.8 kcal/kg, respectively; and NC supplemented with PhyG at 500, 1000, and 2000 FTU/kg feed. BW was decreased and FCR increased in the NC vs. PC, while the PhyG treatments were similar to the PC. Carcass yield and bone ash were also maintained with PhyG supplementation. Phytase provided economic benefit on a feed cost per kg of weight basis for 1 to 35 d; the cost reductions equated to USD 0.006, 0.016, and 0.02/kg BWG at 500, 1000, and 2000 FTU/kg. In conclusion, this trial demonstrated that supplementation with a novel consensus phytase variant in diets highly deficient in minerals, dig AA, and energy maintained growth performance and provided economic benefit, with production benefits being maximized at inclusion levels of 2000 FTU/kg.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric B. Sobotik
- Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA (G.M.H.)
| | - Gabrielle M. House
- Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA (G.M.H.)
| | - Austin M. Stiewert
- Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA (G.M.H.)
| | - Abiodun Bello
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, IFF, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | | | - Leon Marchal
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, IFF, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Gregory S. Archer
- Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA (G.M.H.)
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Wehrmaker AM, de Groot W, Jan van der Goot A, Keppler JK, Bosch G. In vitro digestibility and solubility of phosphorus of three plant-based meat analogues. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024; 108 Suppl 1:24-35. [PMID: 38576126 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
Interest in plant-based meat analogues has increased and can be expected to be applied to pet foods, which necessitates the understanding of the nutrient supply in those foods. Our primary aim was to advance our understanding of the digestive properties of sterilized plant-based meat analogues. The impact of the preparatory processing steps on the solubility of meat analogues was studied. Meat analogues were made by mixing water, salt, and wheat gluten with soy protein isolate, pea protein isolate, or faba bean concentrate. Mixed materials were processed into model meat analogues using shear cell technology. Products were canned in water or gravy and sterilized. An animal-based canned pet food was made as a reference. Products sampled at the processing steps (mixing, shearing, sterilization) were digested in vitro. Samples of digestate were taken at the gastric phase (0 and 120 min) and small intestinal phase (120, 200, 280, and 360 min) for analysis of protein hydrolysis. The extent digestion of nitrogen and dry matter was determined at the end of incubation. Total phosphorus, soluble phosphorus after acid treatment, and after acid and enzymatic treatment were determined. The degree of hydrolysis after gastric digestion was low but increased immediately in the small intestinal phase; products based on pea had the highest values (56%). Nitrogen digestibility was above 90% for all materials at each processing step, indicating that bioactive compounds were absent or inactivated in the protein isolates and concentrate. Phytate seemed to play a minor role in meat analogues, but phosphorus solubility was influenced by processing. Shearing decreased soluble phosphorus, but this effect was partly reversed by sterilization. Nutrient digestibility as well as phosphorus solubility in plant-based products was higher than or comparable with the reference pet food. These findings show that the digestive properties of the tested plant-based meat analogues do not limit the supply of amino acids and phosphorus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ariane Maike Wehrmaker
- Saturn Petcare GmbH, Senator-Mester-Straße 1, Bremen, Germany
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter de Groot
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Atze Jan van der Goot
- Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Guido Bosch
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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3
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Moran ET, Bedford MR. Basis for the diversity and extent in loss of digestible nutrients created by dietary phytin: Emphasis on fowl and swine. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:422-428. [PMID: 38379939 PMCID: PMC10876675 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Phytin is the Ca2+-Mg2+-K+ salt of phytic acid that is created and deposited in the aleurone layer and/or germ of grains and legumes. Its high presence in feedstuffs for fowl and swine diets results in it being a universal and significant impediment to optimum performance. Phytin impairs gastrointestinal recovery of a wide array of nutrients, the effect varying with the nutrient concerned. On exposure to low pH during gastric digestion, phytin dissociates into phytic acid and solubilized Ca2+. Even at low gastric pH, phytic acid is negatively charged which forms the basis of its anti-nutritive behavior. Pepsinogen has extensive basic amino acids on its activation peptide that are presented as cations at low pH which are targeted by pepsin for activation. Partially crystalized Ca2+ near the enzyme's active site further stabilizes its newly formed structure. Thus, phytic acid appears to interfere with gastric digestion by several mechanisms; interfering with pepsinogen activation by binding to the polypeptide's basic amino acids; coordinating free Ca2+, destabilizing pepsin; binding some dietary proteins directly, further compromising gastric proteolysis. Upon digesta attaining neutrality in the duodenum, Ca2+ and other cations re-bind with accessible anions, phytic acid being a significant contender. Phytate not only binds free cations but can also strip them from enzymes (e.g. Ca2+, Zn2+) which reduces their structural resistance to autolysis and ability as co-factors (e.g. Zn2+) to increase enzyme activity. Goblet cells initially employ Ca2+ as an electronic shield between mucin layers enabling granule formation and cell storage. After mucin granule release, Ca2+ is progressively displaced by Na+ to free the viscous mucins enabling its translocation. Mucin entangles with the glycocalyx of adjacent enterocytes thereby constructing the unstirred water layer (USWL). Excessive removal of Ca2+ from mucin by phytic acid increases its fluidity facilitating its loss from the USWL with its associated Na+. This partly explains increased mucin and Na+ losses noted with high phytate diets. This review suggests that phytic acid binding of Ca2+ and less so Zn2+ is the basis for the diversity in nutrient losses encountered and that such losses are in proportion to dietary phytate content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwin T. Moran
- Poultry Science Department, Auburn University, AL, 36830-5416, USA
| | - Michael R. Bedford
- AB Vista, Woodstock Court, Blenheim Road, Marlborough, Wiltshire, SN8 4AN, UK
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David LS, Nalle CL, Abdollahi MR, Ravindran V. Feeding Value of Lupins, Field Peas, Faba Beans and Chickpeas for Poultry: An Overview. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:619. [PMID: 38396587 PMCID: PMC10886283 DOI: 10.3390/ani14040619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Revised: 02/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Grain legumes are fair sources of protein, amino acids and energy, and can be used as a replacement for soybean meal in poultry feed formulations as the soybean meal becomes short in supply and costly. However, a concern associated with the use of grain legumes in poultry feeding is the presence of antinutritional factors. The effective processing and utilisation of these grain legumes in poultry feeding are well documented. The current review focuses on four selected grain legumes (lupins [Lupinus albus and Lupinus angustifolius], field peas [Phaseolus vulgaris], faba beans [Vicia faba] and chickpeas [Cicer arietinum]) and their nutrient content, the presence of antinutritional factors, processing methods and feeding value, including updated data based on recent research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura S. David
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.S.D.); (C.L.N.); (M.R.A.)
| | - Catootjie L. Nalle
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.S.D.); (C.L.N.); (M.R.A.)
- Animal Husbandry Department, Polytechnic of Agriculture Kupang, Prof. Herman Yohannes St., Lasiana, Kupang 85228, NTT, Indonesia
| | - M. Reza Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.S.D.); (C.L.N.); (M.R.A.)
- A2Z Poultry Feed DynamikZ, 69100 Villeurbanne, France
| | - Velmurugu Ravindran
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand; (L.S.D.); (C.L.N.); (M.R.A.)
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Gampa M, Nagar S, Kumari K, Tanwar E, Goyal S, Kumar V, Singh B. Cyclic extraction of phosphate from soybean meal using immobilized Aspergillus oryzae SBS50 phytase. Bioprocess Biosyst Eng 2024; 47:39-55. [PMID: 37962643 DOI: 10.1007/s00449-023-02943-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
Phytase enzyme found in plants, animals, and microorganisms is mainly involved in catalyzing the systematic removal of a phosphate group from phytic acid. Enzyme immobilization is one of the cost-effective methods for the wide usage of enzymes in the industrial sector. This paper reports the covalent immobilization of phytase on glutaraldehyde-activated aluminum oxide beads. The immobilization yield, efficiency, and activation energy were found to be 47.8%, 71.5%, and 15.78 J/mol, respectively. The bound enzyme displayed a shift in pH optima from 5.5 to 4.5, which is more beneficial to increase digestibility in comparison with the free enzyme. Immobilized phytase retained 42.60% of its activity after 1.0 h incubation at 80 °C, whereas free enzyme retained only 4.20% of its activity. Thermodynami increase in half-lives, D-values, enthalpy and free energy change after covalent immobilization could be credited to the enhanced stability. Immobilized phytase could be reused for five consecutive cycles retaining 51% of its initial activity with sodium phytate. The immobilized phytase was also found effective to hydrolyze the soybean meal, thus increasing the digestibility of poultry feed. The hydrolyzing reaction of soybean meal was carried out for six consecutive cycles and immobilized phytase retained nearly 50% of activity till the fifth cycle. The amount of phosphorus released after treatment with immobilized phytase was far higher than that from free phytase. Immobilization on this support is significant, as this support can sustain high mechanical resistance at high pH and temperature. This considerable stability and reusability of the bound enzyme may be advantageous for its industrial application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallesh Gampa
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Sushil Nagar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India.
| | - Kajal Kumari
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Ekta Tanwar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Sakshi Goyal
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Basic Sciences and Humanities, CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar, Haryana, 125004, India
| | - Bijender Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Interdisciplinary and Applied Sciences, Central University of Haryana, Mahendergarh, Haryana, 123031, India
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Beckmüller E, Kluess J, Hüther L, Kersten S, Kölln M, Wilke V, Visscher C, Dänicke S, Grümpel-Schlüter A. Effects of dietary-reduced nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) on N and P balance, retention and nutrient digestibility of contemporary fattening pigs fed ad libitum. Arch Anim Nutr 2023; 77:468-486. [PMID: 38086826 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2023.2288721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The reduction of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in fattening pigs' diets is one possible approach to lower N and P excretion in livestock farming relative to N and P intake. Due to the implementation of the European Nitrates Directive and the consecutive amendments to the German fertiliser legislation since 2017, N- and P-reduced diets for fattening pigs are becoming more and more important and are increasingly used in practice. To investigate the effects of such diets on N and P balance and retention as well as on nutrient digestibility of contemporary fattening pigs, a balance experiment was performed with eight barrows (average live weight = 61.5 ± 2.1 kg) which were surgically fitted with a simple T-cannula at the terminal ileum. The pigs received a control diet meeting nutrient requirements (CON) and an N- and P-reduced diet (NPred) ad libitum (n = 4/diet) in a 3-phased feeding regimen (3 weeks/phase). In the last week of each phase, faeces and urine were collected quantitatively for 5 days followed by a 2 × 12 hours collection of ileal digesta. Daily feed intake, live weight gain and feed-to-gain ratio did not differ between CON and NPred. NPred-fed pigs consumed 10.5% (p = 0.006) and excreted 28.3% (p = 0.028) less N than CON-fed pigs. Phosphorus excretion was lowered by 15.1% in NPred-fed pigs (p = 0.012). N and P retention did not differ between CON and NPred, but were elevated in comparison to other studies. N and P efficiency, expressed as nutrient retention divided by nutrient intake, was higher in NPred - than CON-fed pigs (N: 68 vs 60%, P: 54.2 vs 49.3%). Apparent post-ileal digestibility coefficient (DCpost-ileal) and apparent total tract digestibility coefficient (DCtotal) of crude protein were higher in NPred - than CON-fed pigs (p < 0.013), but apparent precaecal digestibility coefficient (DCpc) of crude protein was unaffected by diet. DCpc, DCpost-ileal and DCtotal of P were similar for CON- and NPred-fed pigs. NPred-fed pigs showed an elevated DCpc and DCtotal of organic matter, N-free-extractives and starch compared to CON-fed pigs. DCpc of calcium was also higher in NPred-fed pigs. In conclusion, the results suggest that N- and P-reduced feeding of fattening pigs remains an effective strategy to lower the N and P release into the environment. Furthermore, results indicate that N- and P-reduced feeding leads to a higher N and P efficiency in contemporary fattening pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth Beckmüller
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Jeannette Kluess
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Liane Hüther
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Susanne Kersten
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Mareike Kölln
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Volker Wilke
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover - Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christian Visscher
- Institute for Animal Nutrition, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover - Foundation, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sven Dänicke
- Institute of Animal Nutrition, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Braunschweig, Germany
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7
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Kumari A, Roy A. Enhancing micronutrient absorption through simultaneous fortification and phytic acid degradation. Food Sci Biotechnol 2023; 32:1235-1256. [PMID: 37362807 PMCID: PMC10290024 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-023-01255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytic acid (PA), an endogenous antinutrient in cereals and legumes, hinders mineral absorption by forming less bioavailable, stable PA-mineral complexes. For individual micronutrients, the PA-to-mineral molar ratio below the critical level ensures better bioavailability and is achieved by adding minerals or removing PA from cereals and pulses. Although several PA reduction and fortification strategies are available, the inability to completely eradicate or degrade PA using available techniques always subdues fortification's impact by hindering fortified micronutrient absorption. The bioavailability of micronutrients could be increased through simultaneous PA degradation and fortification. Following primary PA reduction of the raw material, the fortification step should also incorporate additional essential control stages to further PA inactivation, improving micronutrient absorption. In this review, the chemistry of PA interaction with metal ions, associated controlling parameters, and its impact on PA reduction during fortification is also evaluated, and further suggestions were made for the fortification's success.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankanksha Kumari
- Laboratory of Applied Food Chemistry, Microbiology, and Process Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand India
| | - Anupam Roy
- Laboratory of Applied Food Chemistry, Microbiology, and Process Engineering, Department of Chemical Engineering, Birla Institute of Technology Mesra, Ranchi, Jharkhand India
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Chen F, Yang L, Zhe L, Jlali M, Zhuo Y, Jiang X, Huang L, Wu F, Zhang R, Xu S, Lin Y, Che L, Feng B, Wu D, Preynat A, Fang Z. Supplementation of a Multi-Carbohydrase and Phytase Complex in Diets Regardless of Nutritional Levels, Improved Nutrients Digestibility, Growth Performance, and Bone Mineralization of Growing-Finishing Pigs. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13091557. [PMID: 37174594 PMCID: PMC10177175 DOI: 10.3390/ani13091557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary multi-enzyme (multi-carbohydrase and phytase complex, MCPC) supplementation on digestibility, growth performance, bone mineralization, and carcass yield and traits in growing-finishing pigs fed diets with adequate or deficient net energy (NE), amino acids (AA), calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels. A total of 576 crossbred [Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire)] barrows (~25 kg) were fed one of the six diets till live weight approached 130 kg. Basal diets included a positive control (PC), negative control 1 (NC1) and 2 (NC2), while another three diets were prepared by adding MCPC to the three basal diets. The final body weight was lower (p < 0.05) in NC2 than in NC1 and PC treatments, while overall feed intake and feed-gain ratio were higher (p < 0.05) in NC1 and NC2 than in PC treatment. The NC2 treatment showed lower (p < 0.05) carcass weight but higher (p < 0.05) lean meat percentage than the PC treatment. The apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of gross energy (GE), crude protein (CP) and AA was decreased (p < 0.05) or tended (p < 0.10) to decrease in NC1 and/or NC2 diets compared with a PC diet. MCPC supplementation improved (p < 0.05) AID of Ca, P and AA (Lys, Leu, Val, Phe, Gly, Tyr and Pro), apparent total-tract digestibility (ATTD) of GE, CP, bone strength, Ca, and P retention. In conclusion, MCPC supplementation improved nutrient digestibility, bone mineralization, and growth performance of fattening pigs, regardless of the nutritional level of the basal diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangyuan Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lunxiang Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Li Zhe
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Maamer Jlali
- Adisseo France SAS, Center of Expertise in Research and Nutrition, F-03600 Commentry, France
| | - Yong Zhuo
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Xuemei Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lingjie Huang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Fali Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Ruinan Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Shengyu Xu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Yan Lin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - De Wu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
| | - Aurélie Preynat
- Adisseo France SAS, Center of Expertise in Research and Nutrition, F-03600 Commentry, France
| | - Zhengfeng Fang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of the Ministry of Education of China, Chengdu 611130, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Disease-Resistant Nutrition of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 611130, China
- Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China
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9
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Siegert W, Kuenz S, Windisch W, Rodehutscord M. Amino acid digestibility and metabolizable energy of soybean meal of different origins in cecectomized laying hens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102580. [PMID: 36913760 PMCID: PMC10024217 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the variation in amino acid (AA) digestibility and MEn of 18 samples of solvent-extracted soybean meal (SBM; 6 European, 7 Brazilian, 2 Argentinian, 2 North American, 1 Indian) in cecectomized laying hens. The experimental diets contained either 300 g/kg of cornstarch or one of the SBM samples. Pelleted diets were fed to 10 hens in two 5 × 10 row-column designs so that 5 replicates were obtained from each diet during 5 periods. A regression approach and the difference method were used to determine AA digestibility and MEn, respectively. The variation in the digestibility of SBM differed among AA with ranges in digestibility of 6 to 12%-units for most AA. Among the first-limiting AA, the digestibility was 87 to 93%, 63 to 86%, 85 to 92%, 79 to 89%, and 84 to 95% for Met, Cys, Lys, Thr, and Val, respectively. The range of MEn for the SBM samples was 7.5 to 10.5 MJ/kg DM. Indicators of SBM quality (including trypsin inhibitor activity, KOH solubility, urease activity, and in vitro N solubility) and analyzed SBM constituents were significantly correlated (P ≤ 0.05) with AA digestibility or MEn only in a few cases. No differences were observed in AA digestibility and MEn between countries of origins, except low digestibility of some AA and MEn for the 2 Argentinian SBM samples. These results suggest that the precision of feed formulation benefits from considering the variations in AA digestibility and MEn. Often used indicators for SBM quality and analyzed constituents were not suitable to explain variations in AA digestibility and MEn, suggesting that AA digestibility and MEn are determined by other factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Siegert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S Kuenz
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - W Windisch
- TUM School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan, Technical University of Munich, 85354 Freising, Germany
| | - M Rodehutscord
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, 70599 Stuttgart, Germany.
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Selle PH, Macelline SP, Chrystal PV, Liu SY. The Contribution of Phytate-Degrading Enzymes to Chicken-Meat Production. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13040603. [PMID: 36830391 PMCID: PMC9951704 DOI: 10.3390/ani13040603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The contribution that exogenous phytases have made towards sustainable chicken-meat production over the past two decades has been unequivocally immense. Initially, their acceptance by the global industry was negligible, but today, exogenous phytases are routine additions to broiler diets, very often at elevated inclusion levels. The genesis of this remarkable development is based on the capacity of phytases to enhance phosphorus (P) utilization, thereby reducing P excretion. This was amplified by an expanding appreciation of the powerful anti-nutritive properties of the substrate, phytate (myo-inositol hexaphosphate; IP6), which is invariably present in all plant-sourced feedstuffs and practical broiler diets. The surprisingly broad spectra of anti-nutritive properties harbored by dietary phytate are counteracted by exogenous phytases via the hydrolysis of phytate and the positive consequences of phytate degradation. Phytases enhance the utilization of minerals, including phosphorus, sodium, and calcium, the protein digestion, and the intestinal uptakes of amino acids and glucose to varying extents. The liberation of phytate-bound phosphorus (P) by phytase is fundamental; however, the impacts of phytase on protein digestion, the intestinal uptakes of amino acids, and the apparent amino acid digestibility coefficients are intriguing and important. Numerous factors are involved, but it appears that phytases have positive impacts on the initiation of protein digestion by pepsin. This extends to promoting the intestinal uptakes of amino acids stemming from the enhanced uptakes of monomeric amino acids via Na+-dependent transporters and, arguably more importantly, from the enhanced uptakes of oligopeptides via PepT-1, which is functionally dependent on the Na+/H+ exchanger, NHE. Our comprehension of the phytate-phytase axis in poultry nutrition has expanded over the past 30 years; this has promoted the extraordinary surge in acceptance of exogenous phytases, coupled with the development of more efficacious preparations in combination with the deflating inclusion costs for exogenous phytases. The purpose of this paper is to review the progress that has been made with phytate-degrading enzymes since their introduction in 1991 and the underlying mechanisms driving their positive contribution to chicken-meat production now and into the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Selle
- Poultry Research Foundation within The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
- Correspondence:
| | - Shemil P. Macelline
- Poultry Research Foundation within The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Peter V. Chrystal
- Poultry Research Foundation within The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
- Complete Feed Solutions, Pakuranga, Auckland 2140, New Zealand
| | - Sonia Yun Liu
- Poultry Research Foundation within The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
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11
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Hervo F, Letourneau-Montminy M, Même N, Méda B, Duclos M, Narcy A. Effect of phytase and limestone particle size on mineral digestibility, performance, eggshell quality and bone mineralization in laying hens. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102613. [PMID: 37001319 PMCID: PMC10074239 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of microbial phytase and limestone particle size (LmPS) was assessed in Lohmann Tradition laying hens from 31 to 35 wk of age. Seventy-two hens were used in a completely randomized trial according to a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with 2 levels of phytase/basal available P (aP); 0 FTU/kg with 0.30% aP or 300 FTU/kg with 0.15% aP, and 2 limestone particle sizes; fine particles (FL, <0.5 mm) or a mix (MIX) of 75% coarse limestone (CL, 2-4 mm) and 25% FL. Diets contained equivalent levels of Ca (3.5%), phytic P (PP; 0.18%), and aP (0.30%) considering the P equivalency of phytase. Thus, dietary treatments were FL0 and MIX0 without phytase, and FL300 and MIX300 with 300 FTU/kg phytase. Performance were recorded daily and eggshell quality (eggshell weight proportion, weight, thickness, and breaking strength) was measured weekly. At the end of the trial, bone parameters (tibia breaking strength, elasticity, and ash) and the apparent precaecal digestibility (APCD) of P and Ca were determined. No differences were observed between treatments in feed intake, FCR and bone parameters. Addition of MIX increased the eggshell proportion, weight and thickness in groups receiving no phytase (+6.5, +6.9, and +4.5%, respectively) while no effect was observed in groups receiving phytase (Phytase × LmPS, P < 0.05). In hens receiving FL, the APCD of P was lower in diets supplemented with phytase (-14 percentage points; Phytase × LmPS, P < 0.001). A higher phytate disappearance was observed in hens fed diets with phytase in combination with MIX (Phytase × LmPS, P = 0.005). Phytase and MIX together increased the APCD of Ca by 7.3 percentage points (Phytase × LmPS, P < 0.001). In conclusion, addition of CL could limit the formation of Ca-phytate complex thus improving the response of the birds to phytase compared to FL.
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Sobotik EB, House GM, Stiewert AM, Bello A, Dersjant-Li Y, Shoesmith E, Remus J, Archer GS. Evaluating a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant on growth performance of broilers fed U.S. commercial diets deficient in nutrients and energy through 63 days of age. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skac407. [PMID: 36516414 PMCID: PMC9904173 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
An experiment was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant expressed in Trichoderma reesei (PhyG) in broilers fed corn-soybean meal-based diets with application of dose-specific full nutrient and energy matrix values. Ross 708, straight-run broilers (n = 2,016) were assigned to one of 7 dietary treatments, with 12 replicate pens/diet and 24 birds/pen. Diets were a nutrient adequate control (PC), nutrient reduced negative controls 1, 2, and 3 (NC1, NC2, and NC3) with reductions in available phosphorus (avP) by 0.15%, 0.18%, and 0.19%, calcium (Ca) by 0.17%, 0.20%, and 0.21%, dig amino acids (AA) by 0.02%-0.05%, sodium (Na) by 0.03%-0.05%, and metabolizable energy (ME) by 62.8, 68.8, and 69.5 kcal/kg, respectively. Other diets were the NC1, NC2, and NC3 respectively supplemented with 500 (PhyG500), 1,000 (PhyG1000), and 2,000 (PhyG2000) FTU/kg. Over the 63-day feeding period, decreasing nutrient specifications lowered body weights (P < 0.05) in broilers from 4,518 g in PC to 4,256 g and 4,191 g and increased body weight-corrected feed conversion ratio (FCR, P < 0.05) from 1.92 in PC to 2.06 and 2.08 in the NC2 and NC3, respectively. Compared with PC, PhyG maintained (P > 0.05) BW in broilers fed PhyG500 (4,474 g), PhyG1000 (4,417 g), and PhyG2000 (4,449 g). Moreover, PhyG at all dose-levels maintained (P > 0.05) overall FCR vs. PC. The NC1, NC2, and NC3 diets decreased (P < 0.05) tibia ash vs. PC, and each PhyG500, PhyG1000, and PhyG2000 completely restored tibia ash to the similar levels (P > 0.05) as the PC. Carcass yield was decreased (P < 0.05) by NC1 (80.63%), NC2 (80.51%), and NC3 (80.31%) vs. PC (81.96%) with complete alleviation by PhyG500 (82.11%), PhyG1000 (81.80%), and PhyG2000 (81.54%). In conclusion, the novel consensus phytase variant completely compensated for the reduction in dietary avP, Ca, dig AA, and ME at each dose-level and maintained growth performance, bone quality, carcass characteristics, and nutrient digestibility in a typical corn-soybean mean based diet fed to broilers through 63 days of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- E B Sobotik
- Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - G M House
- Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - A M Stiewert
- Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - A Bello
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, IFF, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, IFF, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - Y Dersjant-Li
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, IFF, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - E Shoesmith
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, IFF, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - J Remus
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, IFF, Wilmington, DE 19803, USA
| | - G S Archer
- Poultry Science Department, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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Forgione D, Nassar M, Seseogullari-Dirihan R, Jamleh A, Tezvergil-Mutluay A. Effect of phytic acid on dentinal collagen solubilization and its binding and debinding potentials to dentin. J Dent 2023; 128:104361. [PMID: 36379300 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 11/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study phytic acid (IP6) effect on collagen solubilization by assessing hydroxyproline (HYP) release, evaluate its binding to demineralized (DD) and mineralized dentin (MD) and determine the effect of different media on debinding of IP6. METHODS Demineralized dentin beams were incubated in 1%, 2% or 3% IP6 and HYP release was evaluated at 1 or 3 weeks and compared to those obtained in untreated control or phosphoric acid (PA)-treated beams. DD or MD powder was treated with 1%, 2% or 3% IP6 and the decrease in IP6 amount was quantitated by ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy. IP6-treated samples were re-suspended in distilled water, ethanol, urea or sodium chloride and the amount of IP6 displaced was determined. RESULTS At 1 week, the control group and IP6 showed lower HYP release when compared to PA (P < 0.05). There was no difference among PA, IP6 and control at 3 weeks (P = 0.22). IP6 binding was concentration dependent. 1% IP6 had higher binding potential with MD compared to DD while 2% IP6 showed the opposite result (P<0.05). 3% IP6 had similar binding values between DD and MD (P = 0.53). The highest debinding in MD occurred with urea for 2%, 3% and 1% IP6 in descending manner. Within each concentration of IP6 in DD, the highest debinding effect was reported with ethanol. CONCLUSIONS IP6 bound to DD and MD in a concentration-dependent manner. IP6 was debound from DD mostly by the action of ethanol, while in MD, urea caused the most displacement. Collagen solubilization of IP6-treated DD was comparable to untreated DD. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE These findings add to the potential use of IP6 as an alternative to PA for dentin etching which possibly results in long-term stability of resin-dentin adhesion.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohannad Nassar
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.
| | | | - Ahmed Jamleh
- Restorative and Prosthetic Dental Sciences, College of Dentistry, King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah International Medical Research Centre, National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Arzu Tezvergil-Mutluay
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Impacts and Industrial Applications of Phytic Acid and Phytase. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.4.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Phytic acid is an antinutritional compound that chelates P and essential divalent cations such as Fe, Ca, and Zn in cereals and major staple crops such as wheat, maize, rice, and sorghum. As a result, these cations cannot be absorbed by monogastric animals or humans: phytic acid has an inhibitory effect on nutrient uptake and its levels are negatively correlated with protein and starch digestibility. However, phytic acid can be degraded by the action of the enzyme phytase. Phytase plays important roles in the degradation of phytic acid and in increasing the nutritional quality of staple foods. Microbial phytase is a versatile enzyme that is beneficial for humans, animals, the environment, and the industry. In this review, we summarise the interaction of phytic acid with micronutrients, various approaches to enhancing the nutritional profile of staple foods by reducing the phytic acid content, and current knowledge of microbial-based phytase as a potential reducer of phytic acid.
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15
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Ishwarya D, Victor Samuel A, Kavitha R. Effect of different etching time on etch pattern and etch depth using 1% phytic acid in primary teeth – A Scanning Electron Microscopic study. PEDIATRIC DENTAL JOURNAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdj.2022.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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16
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Dersjant-Li Y, Bello A, Stormink T, Abdollahi M, Ravindran V, Babatunde O, Adeola O, Toghyani M, Liu S, Selle P, Marchal L. Modeling improvements in ileal digestible amino acids by a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant in broilers. Poult Sci 2022; 101:101666. [PMID: 35101685 PMCID: PMC8808260 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 12/03/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Data from 13 datasets from 4 trials on the effect of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant (PhyG) on the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA) in broilers were used to model AID AA responses. The datasets were obtained from 3 trial locations (New Zealand, Australia and United States) and collectively incorporated variations in diet composition (feedstuff composition, phytate-P (PP) level, limestone solubility), feed form (mash or pellet), bird genetics (strain), and age at sampling (11-35 d of age). In total, 384 observations were analyzed. First, the relationships between AID of AA (as coefficients) and increasing phytase dose level from 0 to 4,000 FTU/kg were evaluated across all datasets using exponential curve fitting. Second, the percentage unit change in AID of AA at each phytase dose level from baseline (basal diet [BD] without phytase) was calculated separately for each dataset and the data then modeled together using exponential curve fitting. The model-predicted mean coefficient of AID of total AA in basal diets was 0.76 (range 0.56 [Cys] to 0.83 [Glu]), which was increased by PhyG to 0.80 and 0.81 at 2,000 and 4,000 FTU/kg, respectively. Exponential increases in the percentage unit improvement in AID of 18 individual and of total AA with increasing phytase dose level were evident (P < 0.05). Improvements (vs. BD) at 2,000 FTU/kg and 4,000 FTU/kg, respectively, were greatest for Cys (+9.2 and +11.0% units), Met (after deduction of synthetic Met, +8.4 and +9.0% units), and Thr (after deduction of synthetic Thr, +6.2 and +7.3% units). The data demonstrated consistent improvements in the AID of AA by the phytase. The modeling results generated from data gathered from birds sampled at different ages and from different dietary settings with correction of synthetic AA for Lys, Met, Thr, and Trp, enabled a more accurate prediction of the digestible AA contribution from the diet by this novel phytase. This will allow diet-specific AA matrix recommendations to be made in commercial feed formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Dersjant-Li
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, IFF, Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - A. Bello
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, IFF, Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - T. Stormink
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, IFF, Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - M.R. Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - V. Ravindran
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - O.O. Babatunde
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - O. Adeola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - M. Toghyani
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - S.Y. Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - P.H. Selle
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - L. Marchal
- Danisco Animal Nutrition, IFF, Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
- Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
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17
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Effects of added phytase on growth performance, carcass traits, and tibia ash of broiler chickens fed diets with reduced amino acid, crude protein, and phosphorus concentration. J APPL POULTRY RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2022.100258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
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18
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Dersjant-Li Y, Abdollahi MR, Bello A, Waller K, Marchal L, Ravindran V. Effects of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant on the apparent ileal digestibility of amino acids, total tract phosphorus retention and tibia ash in young broilers. J Anim Sci 2022; 100:6523280. [PMID: 35137139 PMCID: PMC8903141 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The effect of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant (PhyG) on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of amino acids (AA) and phosphorus (P) utilization in young broilers when added to diets with high phytate-P (PP) content without added inorganic phosphate (Pi) and deficient in digestible (dig) AA and metabolizable energy (ME) was investigated. A total of 256 Ross 308 male broilers were assigned to 4 treatments (8 birds/cage, 8 cages/treatment) in a completely randomized design. Treatments comprised a positive control (PC, 2,975 kcal/kg ME, 3.7 g/kg dig P, 2.83 g/kg PP, 8.4 g/kg Ca, 10.6 g/kg dig lysine), a negative control (NC) without added Pi (ME −68 kcal/kg, crude protein −10 g/kg, dig AA −0.1 to −0.4 g/kg, Ca −2.0 g/kg, dig P −2.2 g/kg, Na −0.4 g/kg vs. PC), and NC plus 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg of PhyG. Test diets were corn/soy/rapeseed-meal/rice-bran-based and fed from 5 to 15 d of age. Ileal digesta and tibias were collected on day 15. Excreta was collected during days 12 to 15 to determine P retention. The NC (vs. PC) reduced (P < 0.05) P retention (−10.4% units), tibia ash (−14.3% units), weight gain (−109 g), feed intake (−82 g) and increased FCR (from 1.199 to 1.504), confirming that the NC was extremely deficient in nutrients and energy. Phytase addition to the NC linearly (P < 0.001) improved performance, but did not fully recover it to the level of the PC due to the severe nutrients/energy reduction in NC. Phytase linearly increased P retention (P < 0.001), tibia ash (P < 0.001), AID of dry matter (P < 0.05), nitrogen (P < 0.01), gross energy (P < 0.05), and all 17 individual AA (P < 0.01). At 1,000 FTU/kg, phytase increased (P < 0.05) P retention vs. PC and NC (+14.5 and +24.9% units, respectively) and increased tibia ash vs. NC (+13.8% units), equivalent to PC. The NC decreased AID of Cys, Gly, Thr, and Met vs. PC (P < 0.05). At 1,000 FTU/kg, phytase increased AID of all 17 AA vs. NC (P < 0.01), equivalent to PC. At 1,000 FTU/kg, AID AA responses (above NC) ranged from +4.5% (Met) to +15.0% (Cys), being maximal for essential Thr (+10.4%) and Val (+8.2%) and non-essential Cys (+15.0%) and Gly (+10.4%). The results highlight the efficacy of PhyG at a dose level of 500 to 1,000 FTU/kg in young broilers for improving the ileal digestibility of nitrogen, AA, and energy alongside P retention and tibia ash. The performance data emphasize the need to consider digestible nutrient intake as a response variable in exogenous enzyme studies. Microbial phytase is widely used in commercial broiler diets to improve digestion of phosphorus (P) and reduce its excretion into the environment. Phytase improves the digestion of phosphorus and other nutrients including amino acids (AA). This study evaluated the effect of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant (PhyG) added to a nutrient-reduced diet without any added inorganic P on the digestibility of nutrients including P and AA in the ileum of young broilers. Effects on P retention and bone mineralization were also assessed. Compared to an unsupplemented negative control diet, PhyG improved growth performance, P retention, bone mineralization (tibia ash), digestibility of dry matter, nitrogen, gross energy, and all 17 individual AA during 5 to 15 d post-hatch, in a dose-dependent manner (dose range 0 to 1,000 phytase units [FTU] per kilogram of feed). For some AA, the increases in digestibility with PhyG at 1,000 FTU/kg were substantial (cysteine: +15.0%, threonine:+10.4%), and for all AA were equivalent to the responses produced by a nutritionally adequate positive control (unsupplemented) diet. The results demonstrate the efficacy of PhyG to improve AA digestibility alongside growth performance, P retention, and bone mineralization in young broilers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dersjant-Li
- Danisco Animal Nutrition & Health, IFF, Willem Einthovenstraat, the Netherlands
| | - M R Abdollahi
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, New Zealand
| | - A Bello
- Danisco Animal Nutrition & Health, IFF, Willem Einthovenstraat, the Netherlands
| | - K Waller
- Danisco Animal Nutrition & Health, IFF, Willem Einthovenstraat, the Netherlands
| | - L Marchal
- Danisco Animal Nutrition & Health, IFF, Willem Einthovenstraat, the Netherlands.,Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - V Ravindran
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, New Zealand
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19
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Zhao Y, Wen X, Xiao H, Hou L, Wang X, Huang Y, Lin Y, Zheng C, Wang L, Jiang Z. Effects of phytase and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 supplementation on growth performance and bone development in weaned piglets in Ca- and P-deficient dietary. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:940-948. [PMID: 34265089 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The beneficial function of phytase and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (HyD) on the feed utilization rate has been widely investigated. However, studies concerning its influence on weaned piglets largely lag behind. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of phytase and HyD supplementation on the growth performance and bone development in weaned piglets under dietary Ca and P deficiency. RESULTS The results showed that dietary Ca and P deficiency decreased (P < 0.05) the content of serum P in 6-10 kg piglets, as well as reducing (P < 0.05) the contents of serum Ca and P, average daily gain (ADG), bone mineral density (BMD), breaking force (BF), bone ash and femur Ca in 10-20 kg piglets. Compared with the control group, the feed-to-gain ratio (F/G) of 6-10 kg piglets in the Phy group was decreased (P < 0.05), whereas the ADG, blood Ca and P, BMD, BF, bone ash, P apparent digestibility, Ca and P retention rate of 10-20 kg piglets were increased (P < 0.05). The contents of serum osteocalcin and HyD in 6-10 kg piglets and ADG were higher than in the control group (P < 0.05), as well as the contents of serum Ca and HyD in 10-20 kg piglets in the HyD treatment group. Supplementation with both Phy and HyD decreased the F/D (P < 0.05) and increased the contents of serum Ca, P and HyD in 6-10 kg piglets as well as enhancing the ADG, BMD, BF, bone ash, femur Ca and P, serum Ca and P, HyD, and the apparent digestibility and retention of Ca and P (P < 0.05) in 10-20 kg piglets. Supplementation with Phy and HyD in Ca- and P-deficient dietary decreased bone resorption, and improved tight arrangement of collagen fibers and oblique fibers in weaned piglets. CONCLUSION These data indicated that supplementation with both 1500 U kg-1 Phy and 50 μg kg-1 HyD could enhance dietary Ca and P utilization and promote bone development in low Ca and P dietary, and supplementation with both Phy and HyD had a significant synergy effect compared to single supplement. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - XiaoLu Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xinlei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yujian Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingcai Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuntian Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zongyong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Guangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Breeding and Nutrition, Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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20
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Xiang H, Li Q, Sun-Waterhouse D, Li J, Cui C, Waterhouse GI. Improving the color and functional properties of seabuckthorn seed protein with phytase treatment combined with alkaline solubilization and isoelectric precipitation. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:931-939. [PMID: 34265087 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reducing anti-nutritional factors like phytates in seed protein products requires an ongoing effort. This study was the first to investigate the phytic acid content in seabuckthorn seed protein (SSP) and its reduction by an exogenous phytase during protein isolation from seabuckthorn seed meal through the common alkaline solubilization-isoelectric precipitation process. RESULTS The additional phytase treatment could reduce the content of phytic acid from 22.46 to 13.27 g kg-1 , leading to SSP products with lighter color (lower ΔE* ), higher protein solubility, higher in vitro digestibility, but lower phenolic antioxidant content (including flavonoids and procyanidins) and some beneficial ions like Ca, Fe, Mg, and Zn. The Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) results indicated that the secondary structure of protein changed under the treatment with phytase. Correlation analysis showed that L* was significantly negatively correlated with TP, TPC and TF (P < 0.001), while a* and b* were significantly positively correlated with them (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS There may be a trade-off between protein functionalities and other health-promoting components when a phytase treatment is included in SSP isolation. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xiang
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingyang Li
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jiawei Li
- Perfect (GuangDong) Co., Ltd, Zhongshan, China
| | - Chun Cui
- School of Food Science and Technology, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
- Research Institute for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Guangzhou, China
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21
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Kiarie EG, Song X, Lee J, Zhu C. Efficacy of enhanced Aspergillus niger phytase on growth performance, bone quality, nutrient digestibility and metabolism in nursery pigs fed corn-soybean meal diet low in calcium and digestible phosphorous. Transl Anim Sci 2022; 6:txac020. [PMID: 35252765 PMCID: PMC8890494 DOI: 10.1093/tas/txac020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficacy of Escherichia coli phytase (ASP) was evaluated in nursery pigs fed low Ca and digestible P corn and soybean meal diet. Piglets were weaned on day 21, fed a common commercial starter diet for 7 d, and assigned to pens (4 pigs/pen: 2 ♀ and 2 ♂) based on day 7 BW. Positive control (PC) and negative (NC) diets were formulated with similar energy and nutrients with exception of total Ca, total P, and digestible P concentrations being 79%, 67%, and 55% that of PC diet, respectively. Two other diets were formulated by adding ASP in NC at 500 and 1,000 FTU/kg. All diets had 0.2% TiO2 indigestible marker. The diets were allocated to pens to give 6 replicates per diet and fed for 42 d. Feed intake and body weight were monitored at 14-d intervals. On day 42, 1 pig/pen was bled and euthanized to access blood and tissue samples. Analyzed total Ca and P in NC diet was 71% and 69% of concentration in PC diet. Recovery of phytase in pelleted diets was 66.2% and 73.5% for NC+500 FTU/kg and NC+1,000 FTU/kg diets, respectively. Between days 15 and 42, pigs fed NC diet grew slower and ate less feed than pigs fed the other diets. Overall (days 0–42), phytase in NC increased (P ≤ 0.05) ADG linearly and quadratically. On day 42, pigs fed PC, NC+500 FTU/kg, and NC+1,000 FTU/kg were +6.1, +5.9, and +7.1 kg heavier (P < 0.05) than pigs fed NC, respectively. Pigs fed PC and NC plus phytase exhibited higher (P = 0.003) G:F relative to NC pigs between days 15 and 28. Pigs fed NC diet had lower (P < 0.001) plasma P concentration, apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca and P, and metacarpal and metatarsal bone attributes than pigs fed any other diets. Supplementation of phytase in NC linearly increased (P < 0.05) plasma P concentration, ATTD of Ca and P, and bone attributes. Specifically, phytase increased (P ≤ 0.025) dry weight, length, and ash weight in metacarpals and metatarsals. In conclusion, low total Ca and digestible P diet depressed growth and P utilization in piglets. Supplemental phytase improved performance in pigs fed NC linked to enhanced nutrients uptake and metabolism commensurate to pigs fed adequate total Ca and digestible P from inorganic source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elijah G Kiarie
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Xuerong Song
- Wuhan Sunhy Biology Co. Ltd., Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Junhyung Lee
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Cuilan Zhu
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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22
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Gore PG, Das A, Bhardwaj R, Tripathi K, Pratap A, Dikshit HK, Bhattacharya S, Nair RM, Gupta V. Understanding G × E Interaction for Nutritional and Antinutritional Factors in a Diverse Panel of Vigna stipulacea (Lam.) Kuntz Germplasm Tested Over the Locations. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:766645. [PMID: 34966400 PMCID: PMC8710513 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.766645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Micronutrient malnutrition or hidden hunger is a serious challenge toward societal well-being. Vigna stipulacea (Lam.) Kuntz (known locally as Minni payaru), is an underutilized legume that has the potential to be a global food legume due to its rich nutrient profile. In the present study, 99 accessions of V. stipulacea were tested for iron (Fe), zinc (Zn), calcium (Ca), protein, and phytate concentrations over two locations for appraisal of stable nutrient-rich sources. Analysis of variance revealed significant effects of genotype for all the traits over both locations. Fe concentration ranged from 29.35-130.96 mg kg-1 whereas Zn concentration ranged from 19.44 to 74.20 mg kg-1 across both locations. The highest grain Ca concentration was 251.50 mg kg-1 whereas the highest grain protein concentration was recorded as 25.73%. In the case of grain phytate concentration, a genotype with the lowest value is desirable. IC622867 (G-99) was the lowest phytate containing accession at both locations. All the studied traits revealed highly significant genotypic variances and highly significant genotype × location interaction though less in magnitude than the genotypic variance. GGE Biplot analysis detected that, for grain Fe, Zn, and Ca concentration the 'ideal' genotypes were IC331457 (G-75), IC331610 (G-76), and IC553564 (G-60), respectively, whereas for grain protein concentration IC553521 (G-27) was the most "ideal type." For phytate concentration, IC351407 (G-95) and IC550523 (G-99) were considered as 'ideal' and 'desirable,' respectively. Based on the desirability index, Location 1 (Kanpur) was identified as ideal for Fe, Zn, Ca, and phytate, and for grain protein concentration, Location 2 (New Delhi) was the ideal type. A significant positive correlation was detected between grain Fe as well as grain Zn and protein concentration considering the pooled analysis over both the locations where as a significant negative association was observed between phytate and protein concentration over the locations. This study has identified useful donors and enhanced our knowledge toward the development of biofortified Vigna cultivars. Promoting domestication of this nutrient-rich semi-domesticated, underutilized species will boost sustainable agriculture and will contribute toward alleviating hidden hunger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Padmavati G. Gore
- Division of Plant Genetic Resources, Indian Council of Agricultural Research – Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research – National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Arpita Das
- Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Mohanpur, India
| | - Rakesh Bhardwaj
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research – National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Kuldeep Tripathi
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research – National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
| | - Aditya Pratap
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research – Indian Institute of Pulses Research, Kanpur, India
| | - Harsh K. Dikshit
- Division of Genetics, Indian Council of Agricultural Research – Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | | | | | - Veena Gupta
- Indian Council of Agricultural Research – National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, New Delhi, India
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23
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Dersjant-Li Y, Christensen T, Knudsen S, Bello A, Toghyani M, Liu SY, Selle PH, Marchal L. Effect of increasing dose level of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant on phytate degradation in broilers fed diets containing varied phytate levels. Br Poult Sci 2021; 63:395-405. [PMID: 34739328 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.2000586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
1. The effect of increasing the dose level of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant on apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of phosphorus (P), phytic acid (inositol hexa-phosphate, IP6) and ileal IP6 degradation profile was studied in diets containing varying phytate-P (PP) levels.2. Ross 308, one-day-old males (n=1,800) were allocated to cages (20 birds/cage, six cages/treatment) in a completely randomised design employing a 3 × 5 factorial arrangement (three PP levels: 2.45 (low) 2.95 (medium) and 3.45 g/kg (high); five dose levels of phytase (PhyG): 0, 500, 1,000, 2,000 and 4,000 FTU/kg). Phased diets were based on wheat, corn, soybean meal, rapeseed meal and rice bran (d 0 to 10; 2.60 g/kg digestible P, 7.6 g/kg calcium (Ca); d 11 to 21; 2.10 g/kg digestible P, 6.4 g/kg Ca). Ileal digesta was collected on d 21 for determination of P, IP6 and IP-esters content. Data were analysed by factorial ANOVA; means separation was achieved using Tukey's HSD test.3. Increasing PP reduced AID of IP6 and sum of IP3-6 (%) (P<0.05) but absolute P-release (g/kg diet) above NC was increased (P<0.05) at high vs. low PP. Increasing phytase dose exponentially increased (P<0.001) AID IP6, sum of IP3-6 (%) and digestible IP3-6-P g/kg diet (P<0.001). AID P was increased but there was an interaction with PP level (P<0.001). Ileal accumulation of IP5-3-P was universally low with PhyG at ≥1,000 FTU/kg (<0.06 g/100g DM). At 2,000 and 4,000 FTU/kg, AID IP6 was 97.2, 92.7, 92.6% and 100, 97.2, 97.1%, respectively, at low, medium and high PP. At 2,000 FTU/kg, phytate-P release estimated as the increase (above NC) in ileal digestible sum of IP3-6-P in the diet was 2.26, 2.59 and 3.10 g/kg in low, medium and high PP, respectively.4. The data demonstrated that the novel phytase was effective in breaking down phytate to low IP-esters in diets with varied PP content but the optimal dose level for maximising P-release may differ in diets with varying PP content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Dersjant-Li
- Danisco Animal Nutrition (IFF), Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - T Christensen
- Danisco Animal Nutrition (IFF), Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, DK-8220, Brabrand, Denmark
| | - S Knudsen
- Danisco Animal Nutrition (IFF), Edwin Rahrs Vej 38, DK-8220, Brabrand, Denmark
| | - A Bello
- Danisco Animal Nutrition (IFF), Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - M Toghyani
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - S Y Liu
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - P H Selle
- School of Life and Environmental Science, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - L Marchal
- Danisco Animal Nutrition (IFF), Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, The Netherlands.,Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, The Netherlands
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24
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Kriseldi R, Bedford MR, Dilger RN, Foradori CD, MacKay L, Dozier WA. Effects of phytase supplementation and increased nutrient density on growth performance, carcass characteristics, and hypothalamic appetitive hormone expression and catecholamine concentrations in broilers from 1 to 43 days of age. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101495. [PMID: 34695631 PMCID: PMC8554254 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Two experiments were conducted to evaluate extra-phosphoric effects of phytase and nutrient density on growth performance, meat yield, and hypothalamic appetitive hormone expression and catecholamine concentrations of broilers. Experiment 1 determined differences of digestible amino acid concentrations and AMEn using 256 Yield Plus × Ross 708 broilers (32 cages, 8 birds/cage) fed diets without or with 4,500 phytase units (FTU)/kg inclusion (16 reps/treatment). In Experiment 2, 832 Yield Plus × Ross 708 broilers (32 pens; 26 birds/pen) were provided diets in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement consisting of 2 nutrient contents (without or with increased density) and 2 phytase inclusions (0 or 4,500 FTU/kg). Increased nutrient density was formulated to contain 0.007, 0.015, 0.013, 0.021, 0.024%, and 61 kcal/kg higher digestible SAA, Lys, Thr, Val, Ile, and AMEn (from Experiment 1) respectively, compared with the control diet. Growth performance was determined at 14, 28, and 40 d of age and carcass characteristics at 41 d of age. At 43 d of age, plasma inositol, hypothalamic appetitive hormone expression, and catecholamine concentrations were determined from 4 birds/pen. Additive effects of phytase inclusion and increased nutrient density resulted in the lowest (P < 0.05) feed conversion from 1 to 40 d of age and the heaviest (P < 0.01) breast meat weights among dietary treatments. Phytase addition numerically increased feed intake (P = 0.06) and BW gain (P = 0.051) compared with birds fed diets without phytase from 1 to 40 d of age. Plasma inositol and dopamine concentrations were 2.3- and 1.2-fold higher (P < 0.01), respectively, in broilers fed phytase-added diets than birds fed diets without phytase inclusion. However, mRNA expression of neuropeptide Y, agouti-related peptide, proopiomelanocortin, cholecystokinin A receptor, ghrelin, and serotonin concentration were not different (P > 0.05) among treatments. These data indicated additive effects of phytase supplementation and increased nutrient density on growth performance and meat accretion of broilers. However, the influence of phytase on feed intake warrants future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kriseldi
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - M R Bedford
- AB Vista, Marlborough, Wiltshire, SN8 4AN, United Kingdom
| | - R N Dilger
- Department of Animal Science, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - C D Foradori
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - L MacKay
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and Pharmacology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - W A Dozier
- Department of Poultry Science, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA.
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25
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Salisbury F, Cowieson A, Gous R. Constraints on the modelling of calcium and phosphorus growth of broilers: a systematic review. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2021.1974804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Salisbury
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
| | | | - R.M. Gous
- School of Agricultural, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Pietermaritzburg, South Africa
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26
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Jeon SM, Hosseindoust A, Ha SH, Kim TG, Mun JY, Moturi J, Lee S, Choi YH, Lee SD, Sa SJ, Kim JS. Prediction of calcium and phosphorus requirements for pigs in different bodyweight ranges using a meta-analysis. JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 2021; 63:827-840. [PMID: 34447959 PMCID: PMC8367410 DOI: 10.5187/jast.2021.e70] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have focused on Ca and P requirements for pigs. These
requirements are estimated from their retention and bone formation. However,
modern pig breeds have different responses to dietary Ca and P than traditional
breeds, and their requirements are expected to change on an annual basis.
Besides individual Ca and P needs, the Ca to P ratio (Ca/P) is an important
factor in determining requirements. This study aimed to implement a linear and
quadratic regression analysis to estimate Ca and P requirements based on average
daily gain (ADG), apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of Ca (ATTD-Ca),
ATTD of P (ATTD-P), and crude protein (CP) digestibility. Results show that Ca/P
had linear and quadratic effects on ADG in the phytase-supplemented (PS) group
in both the 6–11 kg and 11–25 kg categories. In the latter
category, the CP digestibility was linearly increased in response to increasing
Ca/P in the without-phytase (WP) group. In the 25–50 kg category, there
was a linear response of ADG and linear and quadratic responses of CP
digestibility to Ca/P in the PS group, while a linear and quadratic increase in
CP digestibility and a quadratic effect on ATTD-Ca were observed in the WP
group. In the 50–75 kg category, Ca/P had significant quadratic effects
on ADG in the PS and WP groups, along with significant linear and quadratic
effects on ATTD-Ca. In addition, Ca/P had significant quadratic effects on
ATTD-P and led to a significant linear and quadratic increase in the CP
digestibility in the WP group. In the 75–100 kg category, analysis showed
a significant decrease in ATTD-Ca and ATTD-P in the PS and WP groups; in the
latter, ATTD-P and ATTD-Ca were linearly decreased by increasing Ca/P. In
conclusion, our equations predicted a higher Ca/P in the 6–25 kg
bodyweight categories and a lower Ca/P in the 50-100 kg category than that
recommended in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Min Jeon
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Abdolreza Hosseindoust
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Sang Hun Ha
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Tae Gyun Kim
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Jun Yong Mun
- Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Joseph Moturi
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.,Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - SuHyup Lee
- Department of Swine Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Yo Han Choi
- Swine Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan 31000, Korea
| | - Sang Deok Lee
- Division of Forest Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Soo Jin Sa
- Department of Swine Science, Korea National College of Agriculture and Fisheries, Jeonju 54874, Korea
| | - Jin Soo Kim
- Department of Animal Industry Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea.,Department of Bio-Health Convergence, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
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27
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Song T, Yu C, Zhao X, Chen F, Liu Y, Yang C, Yang Z. Effects of thermostable phytase supplemented in diets on growth performance and nutrient utilization of broilers. Anim Sci J 2021; 92:e13513. [PMID: 33586241 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phytase is an enzyme that has the ability to release phosphorous (P) from phytate by hydrolyzing inositol-phosphate linkages. Recently, thermostable phytases have gained great consideration because the reduction in phytase activity was found when exposed to heat during feed pelleting. In this study, the effects of the granular thermostable phytase (Aspergillus niger) on growth performance and nutrient utilization of broilers were investigated. A total of 96 21-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly distributed into six treatments including basal diet (control) and basal diet supplemented with 500, 1,000, 2,000, 4,000, 8,000 U of phytase/kg. In general, the metabolizable energy (ME) and the apparent and true availability of dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), crude protein (CP), and amino acids (AA) showed both linearly (p < .01) and quadratically (p < .01) increase with increasing levels of phytase in the diet. Additionally, diet supplementation with phytase could improve (p < .05) body weight (BW), average daily gain (ADG), and feed/gain (F/G) on day 42 compared with the control. The results suggested that diet supplementation of the granular thermostable phytase in the crumbled pellets could improve chicken growth performance and nutrient utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Song
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P. R. China
| | - Caiyun Yu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhao
- College of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Linyi University, Linyi, P. R. China
| | - Fengliang Chen
- Jinan Bestzyme Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd, Ji'nan, P. R. China
| | - Yanjie Liu
- Jinan Bestzyme Bio-Engineering Co., Ltd, Ji'nan, P. R. China
| | - Chongwu Yang
- Department of Animal Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Zaibin Yang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, P. R. China
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28
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Macelline SP, Chrystal PV, Liu SY, Selle PH. The Dynamic Conversion of Dietary Protein and Amino Acids into Chicken-Meat Protein. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2288. [PMID: 34438749 PMCID: PMC8388418 DOI: 10.3390/ani11082288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
This review considers the conversion of dietary protein and amino acids into chicken-meat protein and seeks to identify strategies whereby this transition may be enhanced. Viable alternatives to soybean meal would be advantageous but the increasing availability of non-bound amino acids is providing the opportunity to develop reduced-crude protein (CP) diets, to promote the sustainability of the chicken-meat industry and is the focus of this review. Digestion of protein and intestinal uptakes of amino acids is critical to broiler growth performance. However, the transition of amino acids across enterocytes of the gut mucosa is complicated by their entry into either anabolic or catabolic pathways, which reduces their post-enteral availability. Both amino acids and glucose are catabolised in enterocytes to meet the energy needs of the gut. Therefore, starch and protein digestive dynamics and the possible manipulation of this 'catabolic ratio' assume importance. Finally, net deposition of protein in skeletal muscle is governed by the synchronised availability of amino acids and glucose at sites of protein deposition. There is a real need for more fundamental and applied research targeting areas where our knowledge is lacking relative to other animal species to enhance the conversion of dietary protein and amino acids into chicken-meat protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shemil P. Macelline
- Poultry Research Foundation, Department of Animal Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (S.P.M.); (P.V.C.); (S.Y.L.)
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Peter V. Chrystal
- Poultry Research Foundation, Department of Animal Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (S.P.M.); (P.V.C.); (S.Y.L.)
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Sonia Y. Liu
- Poultry Research Foundation, Department of Animal Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (S.P.M.); (P.V.C.); (S.Y.L.)
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
| | - Peter H. Selle
- Poultry Research Foundation, Department of Animal Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia; (S.P.M.); (P.V.C.); (S.Y.L.)
- Sydney School of Veterinary Science, The University of Sydney, Camden, NSW 2570, Australia
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29
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Siegert W, Krieg J, Sommerfeld V, Borda-Molina D, Feuerstein D, Camarinha-Silva A, Rodehutscord M. Phytase Supplementation Effects on Amino Acid Digestibility in Broiler Chickens are Influenced by Dietary Calcium Concentrations but not by Acid-Binding Capacity. Curr Dev Nutr 2021; 5:nzab103. [PMID: 34447898 PMCID: PMC8382274 DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzab103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Responses to dietary calcium (Ca) and supplemented phytase on prececal amino acid digestibility (pcAAD) in broiler chickens vary among studies. The variation may arise from the dietary acid-binding capacity (ABC) that influences the activity of enzymes in the digestive tract and from microbial activity. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to investigate whether the ABC influences phytase effects on pcAAD and whether microbial activity contributes to this. METHODS Male Ross 308 broiler chickens were provided 1 of 12 diets in 72 pens (15/pen) from day 16 of age until the end of the experiment on days 21 or 22. In a 3 × 2 × 2-factorial arrangement, the ABC was varied by replacing calcium carbonate (CaCO3) with Ca-formate or by adding formic acid to CaCO3-containing diets, and contained 5.6 or 8.2 g Ca/kg and 0 or 1500 phytase units/kg. The ileum content was collected for pcAAD measurement and microbial community composition was used to investigate whether changes in pcAAD are related to the microbiota. RESULTS Three-factor ANOVA showed that reducing the ABC increased pcAAD (average 1.1 percentage points) and no significant interaction of the ABC with Ca concentration and phytase supplementation including 3-way interactions. Without phytase, increasing dietary Ca concentration decreased pcAAD (average 3.1 percentage points). Phytase supplementation increased pcAAD (average 2.1 and 5.0 percentage points at low and high Ca concentrations, respectively), to reach the same level for both Ca concentrations. Microbial functional predictions pointed towards an influence of the microbiota in the crop and ileum content on amino acid concentrations, as indicated by different relative abundances of predicted genes related to amino acid biosynthesis, degradation, and metabolism. CONCLUSIONS Dietary Ca concentrations but not the ABC modulates the effect of supplemented phytase on pcAAD in broiler chickens. The microbiota might contribute to differences in pcAAD by changing the amino acid composition of the digesta. The extent of this effect is still unknown.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Siegert
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Jochen Krieg
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Vera Sommerfeld
- Institute of Animal Science, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
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Lee SA, Febery E, Wilcock P, Bedford MR. Application of Creep Feed and Phytase Super-Dosing as Tools to Support Digestive Adaption and Feed Efficiency in Piglets at Weaning. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:2080. [PMID: 34359207 PMCID: PMC8300370 DOI: 10.3390/ani11072080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 64 piglets were used in a 35-day study to evaluate whether creep feeding piglets on the sow or super-dosing phytase to piglets post-weaning can be used as a tool to reduce stress and support adaption to weaning. Treatments consisted of creep or no creep feed being offered pre-weaning and with or without phytase supplementation at 2000 FTU/kg post-weaning. Blood samples were collected from eight piglets per treatment on days 0 (weaning), 7 and 21 post-weaning to determine plasma cortisol and myo-inositol concentrations. Four piglets per treatment (n = 16) were administered Heidelberg pH capsules 1 week prior to weaning, on the day of weaning, as well as 7 days and 21 days post-weaning, with readings monitored over a 3 h period. In the first week post-weaning, creep-fed piglets had higher daily gains (0.23 vs. 0.14 kg/d, p < 0.05) and a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR, 0.99 vs. 1.35, p < 0.01), compared to non-creep-fed pigs. At 21 days post-weaning, irrespective of creep feed, phytase supplementation reduced FCR (1.10 vs. 1.18, p = 0.05) of piglets. Average real-time stomach pH was lower in creep-fed piglets at 1 week prior to weaning (pH 3.2 vs. 4.6, p < 0.001) and on day of weaning (pH 3.1 vs. 3.7, p < 0.01). Following weaning, phytase reduced average stomach pH of piglets at days 7 (pH 2.6 vs. 3.3, p < 0.001) and 21 (pH 2.2 vs. 2.6, p < 0.01). Both cortisol and myo-inositol concentrations in plasma decreased with age; however, cortisol levels were unaffected by either treatment. Plasma myo-inositol concentrations were higher in creep-fed piglets at day of weaning (p < 0.05) and with phytase super-dosing on day 21 (p < 0.001). These findings demonstrate that both creep feeding and phytase super-dosing are useful practices to encourage better adaption to weaning and support piglet performance. This response was not related to reduced stress in piglets, as determined by cortisol levels, but instead appears to relate to improved gastric conditions for digestion, phytate degradation and myo-inositol provision in piglets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie A. Lee
- AB Vista, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 4AN, UK; (P.W.); (M.R.B.)
| | - Erica Febery
- Drayton Animal Health, Stratford-Upon-Avon, Warwickshire CV37 9RQ, UK;
| | - Pete Wilcock
- AB Vista, Marlborough, Wiltshire SN8 4AN, UK; (P.W.); (M.R.B.)
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Velayudhan DE, Gracia M, Casabuena Rincón O, Marchal L, Dersjant-Li Y. Effect of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant in grower pigs fed corn-soybean meal-based diets formulated with a full nutrient matrix and no added inorganic phosphorus. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:skab176. [PMID: 34049402 PMCID: PMC8280927 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The capacity of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant (PhyG) to entirely replace dietary inorganic phosphorus (Pi) source in grower pigs fed diets with reduction of calcium (Ca), net energy (NE), and digestible amino acids (AA) was evaluated, using growth performance and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of nutrients as outcome measures. A total of 352 mixed-sex pigs (initial BW 23.4 kg) were randomized to 4 treatments, 8 pigs/pen, and 11 pens/treatment. Diets were corn-soybean meal-based and formulated by phase (grower 1, 25 to 50 and grower 2, 50 to 75 kg BW). The positive control diet (PC) provided adequate nutrients and a negative control diet (NC) was formulated without Pi (1.2 g/kg ATTD P) and reduced in Ca (-0.12 to -0.13 percentage points), NE (-32 kcal/kg), and digestible essential AA (-0.004 to -0.026 percentage points) vs. PC. Two further treatments comprised the NC plus 500 or 1,000 FTU/kg of PhyG. Data were analyzed by ANOVA, mean contrasts and orthogonal polynomial regression. Nutrient reductions in the NC reduced (P < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) during grower 1 and overall (73 to 136 d of age), increased (P < 0.05) feed conversion ratio (FCR) during grower 1 and overall and tended to reduce (P < 0.1) average daily feed intake (ADFI) during grower 2 and overall, vs. PC. Phytase supplementation improved (P < 0.05) FCR during grower 1, ADG during grower 2 and overall, ATTD of DM and P, and tended to improve DE (P = 0.053) in a linear dose-dependent manner. PhyG at 1,000 FTU/kg resulted in growth performance (all measures, all phases) equivalent to PC. The findings demonstrate that PhyG at 1,000 FTU/kg totally replaced Pi in complex grower pig diets containing industrial co-products, compensated a full nutrient matrix reduction and maintained performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- D E Velayudhan
- Danisco Animal Nutrition (IFF), Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - M Gracia
- IMASDE Agroalimentaria, S.L. C/ Nápoles 3, 28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - O Casabuena Rincón
- IMASDE Agroalimentaria, S.L. C/ Nápoles 3, 28224 Pozuelo de Alarcón, Madrid, Spain
| | - L Marchal
- Danisco Animal Nutrition (IFF), Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Y Dersjant-Li
- Danisco Animal Nutrition (IFF), Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
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Tous N, Tarradas J, Francesch M, Font-i-Furnols M, Ader P, Torrallardona D. Effects of Exogenous 6-Phytase (EC 3.1.3.26) Supplementation on Performance, Calcium and Phosphorous Digestibility, and Bone Mineralisation and Density in Weaned Piglets. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11061787. [PMID: 34203822 PMCID: PMC8232799 DOI: 10.3390/ani11061787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 06/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Supplementation with a low dose (up to 500 FTU/kg feed) of a new 6-phytase, obtained by assembling gene sequences of various phytase-producing bacteria, increases phosphorous and calcium availability in phosphorus-limiting piglet diets. Therefore, this phytase can be used to reduce the use of unsustainable sources of inorganic phosphorous without compromising piglets’ performance and bone mineralization and density, and the higher phosphorous utilization will also reduce its excretion to the environment. This study also demonstrates that the effects of phytase on bone density can be evaluated using computed tomography, which may be useful for studies with live animals. Abstract Phosphorus (P) is an essential mineral for growing piglets, which is poorly accessible in vegetable feedstuffs as it is stored as phytates. Thus, phytase supplementation is essential to increase P availability. Two experiments were conducted to evaluate a novel 6-phytase (EC 3.1.3.26) in weaned pigs fed low-P diets. In each experiment, one hundred and twenty piglets were fed a positive control (PC; adequate in Ca and P), a negative control (NC; limiting in Ca and P), or NC supplemented with 125, 250, or 500 FTU/kg of phytase (NC125, NC250, and NC500, respectively). P content was lower in diets of Experiment 1 than diets of Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, piglets offered PC or phytase diets had higher growth and efficiency compared with NC diets. In Experiment 2, similar effects were obtained, but the effects were less significant. In both experiments, P and Ca ATTD and bone density were significantly increased with phytase supplementation. Moreover, PC and NC500 had higher P concentrations and lower alkaline phosphatase activity in plasma than NC. To conclude, supplementation with the new 6-phytase at doses up to 500 FTU/kg enhanced P utilization, growth performance, and bone density in piglets fed P-limiting diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Núria Tous
- Animal Nutrition, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre Mas Bové, Ctra. Reus-El Morell km. 3.8, 43120 Constantí, Spain; (N.T.); (J.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Joan Tarradas
- Animal Nutrition, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre Mas Bové, Ctra. Reus-El Morell km. 3.8, 43120 Constantí, Spain; (N.T.); (J.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Maria Francesch
- Animal Nutrition, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre Mas Bové, Ctra. Reus-El Morell km. 3.8, 43120 Constantí, Spain; (N.T.); (J.T.); (M.F.)
| | - Maria Font-i-Furnols
- Product Quality and Technology, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Finca Camps i Armet, 17121 Monells, Spain;
| | - Peter Ader
- BASF SE, Animal Nutrition, Europe. Chemiestrasse 22, 68623 Lampertheim, Germany;
| | - David Torrallardona
- Animal Nutrition, Institut de Recerca i Tecnologia Agroalimentàries (IRTA), Centre Mas Bové, Ctra. Reus-El Morell km. 3.8, 43120 Constantí, Spain; (N.T.); (J.T.); (M.F.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang T, Jendza JA, Ader P, Adeola O. Evaluation of a novel hybrid 6-phytase using an updated phosphorus deficiency model in broiler chickens. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1139/cjas-2020-0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
One-day-old broiler chicks were used to investigate the optimal age to start feeding phosphorus (P)-deficient (PD) diets with two non-phytate P (nPP) concentrations in experiment 1, and 7-d-old broiler chicks were used to determine P equivalency of a hybrid 6-phytase to inorganic P in monocalcium phosphate (MCP) in experiment 2. In experiment 1, six treatments were prepared with 5, 6, or 7-d-old birds to start feeding PD diets with 1.3 or 1.5 g·kg−1 nPP. Age of birds to start feeding P-deficient diets tended to decrease (P = 0.052) mortality of birds during 14 d of feeding P-deficient diets. In experiment 2, twelve treatments including one basal diet, five diets supplied with 0.5, 0.9, 1.3, 1.7, or 2.1 g·kg−1 inorganic P, and six diets supplied with 250, 500, 750, 1000, 1500, or 2000 FTU·kg−1 phytase were fed to chickens from days 7 to 21 post hatching. Increasing phytase activity quadratically increased (P < 0.01) body weight gain, feed intake, and tibia ash of birds and apparent ileal digestibility and total tract retention of P. In conclusion, age of birds to start feeding PD diet affected their performance, and hybrid 6-phytase may partly replace MCP in a PD diet for broiler chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | | | | | - Olayiwola Adeola
- Department of Animal Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
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Poholsky C, Hofstetter D, Khezrimotlagh D, Boney J. Effects of pellet quality to on-farm nutrient segregation in commercial broiler houses varying in feed line length. J APPL POULTRY RES 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2021.100157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Jlali M, Cozannet P, Moore D, Preynat A. Investigating the effect of available phosphorus and calcium level on the potential of a multi-carbohydrase and phytase complex on growth performance, amino acids and phosphorus digestibility in broilers from 1 to 21 days of age. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.114927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dersjant-Li Y, Bello A, Esteve-Garcia E, Ramírez Creus C, Marchal L. A novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant totally replaced supplemental inorganic phosphate from one day of age in both male and female broilers. Br Poult Sci 2021. [PMID: 33988059 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1929841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
1. This study tested the capacity of a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant (PhyG) to totally replace dietary supplemental inorganic phosphate (Pi) in broilers from one day of age, using a phased dosing strategy for the phytase and a phased reduction in phytate content of the diet. A 2x2 factorial arrangement including two treatments and two genders was used.2. A total of 1,248, one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were assigned to 24 floor pens (52 birds/pen). Two treatments included: 1) a positive control diet (PC) based on mixed grains and oilseed meals, containing inorganic phosphorus (Pi) from monocalcium phosphate (MCP) and 2,000 XU/kg xylanase, and; 2) an inorganic P free (IPF) diet reformulated without Pi, reduced in Ca (-2.0 g/kg) vs. PC and supplemented with PhyG at 3,000 FTU/kg in starter (d 0 to 11, 3.4 g/kg phytate-P (PP)), 2,000 FTU/kg in grower (d 11 to 22, 3.3 g/kg PP), and 1,000 FTU/kg in finisher 1 (d 22 to d 35, 2.9 g/kg PP) and finisher 2 (d 35 to d 42, 2.8 g/kg PP) phase. Each treatment was assigned to 12 pens, with six pens containing males and six containing females. Tibia samples were collected on d 11, 22 and 42 from two birds per pen.3. The IPF treatment maintained or improved ADG, ADFI and FCR compared to PC in all feed phases. IPF increased BW at 42 days of age by 3.97% (P<0.01) and ADG from d 0 to 42 by 4.10% (P<0.01), and reduced corresponding FCR by 1.5 points (P<0.05), respectively, vs. PC. Males exhibited higher BW, ADG and ADFI than females from 11 d of age onwards (P<0.05). An interaction (P<0.05) between treatment and gender was observed for FCR (d 0 to 22, d 0 to 42) and FCRc (body weight corrected FCR, d 0 to 42), whereby IPF treatment reduced (P<0.05) FCR vs. PC in males but not in females. Tibia ash from birds fed IPF was equivalent to PC at 11, 22 and 42 d of age and did not differ between males and females.4.The data demonstrated that the phytase, when applied in a phased dosing-regimen to broiler diets with a graded reduction in phytate-P content, was effective in totally replacing Pi during all growth phases, as determined by performance and tibia ash from both males and females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Dersjant-Li
- Danisco Animal Nutrition (IFF), Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | - Abiodun Bello
- Danisco Animal Nutrition (IFF), Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Leon Marchal
- Danisco Animal Nutrition (IFF), Willem Einthovenstraat 4, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, The Netherlands
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Pedersen NB, Hanigan M, Zaefarian F, Cowieson AJ, Nielsen MO, Storm AC. The influence of feed ingredients on CP and starch disappearance rate in complex diets for broiler chickens. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101068. [PMID: 33770543 PMCID: PMC8024704 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of feed ingredients on digestion kinetics of N and starch in complex diets was investigated in the current experiment. A total of 34 diets with different inclusion levels of 10 commonly used feed ingredients (corn, wheat, sorghum, soybean meal, canola meal, full-fat soybean meal [FFSB], palm kernel meal, meat and bone meal, wheat distillers grain with solubles and wheat bran) were randomly allocated to 170 cages with 8 birds in each. Apparent jejunal and ileal digestibility of N and starch was determined on a cage level in broilers feed the experimental diets ad libitum from 21 to 24 d after hatch. Disappearance rate of N and starch from the intestine was estimated through a first-order decay function fitted to the digesta data from the jejunum and ileum. The fit of the decay functions was evaluated with root mean squared error as percentage of the observed mean. The influence of the feed ingredients on the disappearance rates were found through a linear regression model, including the effect of the single ingredients, 2-way and 3-way interactions and evaluated with a Student t test test. Starch digestion kinetics were in general faster than N digestion kinetics. The N disappearance rate was both influenced by single ingredients and interaction amongst ingredients, whereas starch disappearance rate mainly was influenced by single ingredients. A combination of FFSB and soybean meal decreased the N digestion rate by 22 to 25% compared with diets with only soybean meal or FFSB, respectively. These results indicate that nutrients from 1 feed ingredient can influence the rate of disappearance of nutrients from other feed ingredients in a complex diet. This highlights the importance of understanding nutrient digestion kinetics and how these are influenced both additively and nonadditively by different feed ingredients in complex diets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Hanigan
- Department of Dairy Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg 24061, USA
| | - Faegheh Zaefarian
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Aaron J Cowieson
- Animal Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
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Pedersen NB, Zaefarian F, Storm AC, Ravindran V, Cowieson AJ. Mathematical prediction of ileal energy and protein digestibility in broilers using multivariate data analysis. Poult Sci 2021; 100:101106. [PMID: 33964739 PMCID: PMC8113994 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2021.101106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A proportional mixture design was used to systematically create a total of 56 diets using ten feed ingredients. Diets differed widely with regards to chemical characteristics and ingredient inclusion levels. Apparent ileal digestibility of energy and protein of the diets were determined in broiler growers fed ad libitum from 21 to 24 d post-hatch. The chemical composition and the in vivo digestibility values were used to establish prediction equations for energy and protein digestibility, using multivariate data analysis. Root mean square error as percentage of the observed means (RMSE%) and residual error were used to evaluate the strength and accuracy of the predictions and to compare predictions based on chemical characteristics with estimates based on table values. The estimates of ileal digestibility of energy from table values were relatively accurate (RMSE% = 5.15) and was comparable to those predicted based on the chemical composition of diets. Estimates of ileal digestibility of protein based on table values were less accurate (RMSE% = 8.21); however, the prediction was improved by multivariate regression (RMSE% = 5.46) based on chemical composition of diets. The best predictors for ileal energy digestibility were starch, crude fiber and phytate contents (P < 0.01) and the best predictors for crude protein digestibility were starch, CF and fat contents (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the ileal digestibility of energy can be accurately predicted using table values; however, the accuracy of prediction of the ileal digestibility of protein can be improved when chemical characteristics of the diet are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Faegheh Zaefarian
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | | | - Velmurugu Ravindran
- Monogastric Research Centre, School of Agriculture and Environment, Massey University, Palmerston North 4442, New Zealand
| | - Aaron J Cowieson
- DSM Nutritional Products, Wurmisweg 576, Kaiseraugst, Switzerland.
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Marchal L, Bello A, Sobotik EB, Archer G, Dersjant-Li Y. A novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant completely replaced inorganic phosphate in broiler diets, maintaining growth performance and bone quality: data from two independent trials. Poult Sci 2021; 100:100962. [PMID: 33652522 PMCID: PMC7936205 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2020.12.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Total replacement of dietary inorganic phosphate (Pi) by a novel consensus bacterial 6-phytase variant (PhyG) in phytate-rich diets (>0.3% phytate-P) was investigated in 2 trials using growth performance and bone quality as outcome measures. Both trials utilized a completely randomized design with 5 dietary treatments across 4 phases: starter (0-10 d), grower (10-21 d), finisher 1 (21-35 d), and finisher 2 (35-42 d). Treatments comprised a nutritionally adequate positive control (PC) diet containing monocalcium phosphate and 4 experimental diets (IPF1, IPF2, IPF3, and IPF4), all containing no added Pi and reduced in Ca by 0.2 to 0.3% units vs. PC. IPF1contained PhyG at 1,000 FTU/kg (all phases); IPF2 contained PhyG at 1,000 FTU/kg (all phases) and was additionally reduced in digestible AA, ME, and sodium (-0.2 to -0.4% points, -74 kcal/kg, -0.04% points, respectively, vs. PC); IPF3 contained PhyG at 3,000 FTU/kg in starter, 2,000 FTU/kg in grower, and 1,000 FTU/kg in finisher phases; and IPF4 contained xylanase (2,000 U/kg) and PhyG (2,000 FTU/kg in starter, 1,500 FTU/kg in grower, and 1,000 FTU/kg in finisher phases) and was additionally reduced in ME (-71 kcal/kg vs. PC). Ross 308 broilers were used (trial 1: n = 1,200 mixed sex; 24 birds per pen × 10 replicates; trial 2: n = 1,300 males; 26 birds × 10 replicates). During all phases in both trials, all IPF treatments maintained or improved BW, ADG, ADFI, FCR and BW-corrected FCRc and bone quality parameters vs. PC. vs. PC, treatment IPF3 increased ADG during starter phase (+10.8%) and reduced overall FCRc (-12 points, P < 0.05) in Trial 1, and increased overall ADG (+4.4%), day 35 and day 42 BW (+3.5%, +4.9%), and reduced overall FCRc (-11 points) in Trial 2 (P < 0.05). IPF4 produced equivalent performance to IPF3 (both trials). These are the first data to demonstrate total replacement of Pi by microbial phytase during an entire growth cycle in broiler diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Marchal
- Animal Nutrition, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, the Netherlands; Animal Nutrition Group, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands.
| | - A Bello
- Animal Nutrition, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
| | - E B Sobotik
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-2472 USA
| | - G Archer
- Department of Poultry Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, 77843-2472 USA
| | - Y Dersjant-Li
- Animal Nutrition, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, 2342 BH Oegstgeest, the Netherlands
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Yang S, Liu L, Chen H, Wei Y, Dai L, Liu J, Yuan F, Mao L, Li Z, Chen F, Gao Y. Impact of different crosslinking agents on functional properties of curcumin-loaded gliadin-chitosan composite nanoparticles. Food Hydrocoll 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodhyd.2020.106258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Forgione D, Nassar M, Seseogullari-Dirihan R, Thitthaweerat S, Tezvergil-Mutluay A. The effect of phytic acid on enzymatic degradation of dentin. Eur J Oral Sci 2021; 129:e12771. [PMID: 33644893 DOI: 10.1111/eos.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We evaluated the effect of phytic acid on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)- or cysteine cathepsin (CC)-mediated dentin degradation. Demineralized dentin beams were divided into five groups (n = 12) and treated with 1%, 2%, or 3% phytic acid or with 37% phosphoric acid. Untreated demineralized beams served as controls. After incubation for 1 or 3 wk, dry mass loss was determined and aliquots of incubation media were analysed for cross-linked telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) fragments for MMP-mediated and c-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (CTX) for cathepsin-k-mediated degradation. The direct effect of phytic acid was evaluated using MMP activity assay. Data were analysed using repeated-measures anova. ICTP releases with 1% and 2% phytic acid treatment were statistically significantly lower than those following phosphoric acid treatment at 3 wk. The CTX release for phytic acid-treated beams at 3 wk was not significantly different from that of untreated control beams, but it was significantly lower than that of phosphoric acid-treated beams. Their MMP activities at 3 wk were not significantly different from those of the controls but they were significantly lower than those seen for phosphoric acid-treated beams. Compared to phosphoric acid, phytic acid treatment resulted in a reduced dentinal host-derived endogenous enzymatic activity and collagen degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mohannad Nassar
- Department of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | | | | | - Arzu Tezvergil-Mutluay
- Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland.,Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
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Wang R, Guo S. Phytic acid and its interactions: Contributions to protein functionality, food processing, and safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:2081-2105. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruican Wang
- Department of Food Science University of Wisconsin‐Madison Madison Wisconsin USA
| | - Shuntang Guo
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Protein and Cereal Processing, College of Food Science & Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University Beijing China
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43
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Selle PH, Hughes RJ, Godwin ID, Khoddami A, Chrystal PV, Liu SY. Addressing the shortfalls of sorghum as a feed grain for chicken-meat production. WORLD POULTRY SCI J 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/00439339.2020.1866966] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter H. Selle
- Poultry Research Foundation within the University of Sydney, Camden, Australia
| | - Robert J Hughes
- School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Roseworthy, Australia
| | - Ian D. Godwin
- Centre for Crop Science, Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St Lucia Qld, Australia
| | - Ali Khoddami
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Peter V. Chrystal
- Poultry Research Foundation within the University of Sydney, Camden, Australia
- Baiada Poultry Pty Limited, Pendle Hill, Australia
| | - Sonia Yun Liu
- Poultry Research Foundation within the University of Sydney, Camden, Australia
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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44
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Kryukov VS, Glebova IV, Zinoviev SV. Reevaluation of Phytase Action Mechanism in Animal Nutrition. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2021; 86:S152-S165. [PMID: 33827406 DOI: 10.1134/s000629792114011x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The release of phosphorus from phytates occurs via sequential cleavage of phosphate groups. It was believed that, regardless of the properties of phytases, the rate of phytate dephosphorylation is limited by the first cleavage of any phosphate group. The position of the first cleaved-off phosphate group depending on the specificity of phytase. The inhibition of dephosphorylation initiation is not associated with the action mechanism of the enzyme and can be rather due to the insufficient phytase activity or low availability of phytates. The analysis of the transformations in the inositol hexakisphosphate (IP6)→inositol (I) reaction chain shows that IP6 dephosphorylation as a whole limits the phosphate group removal from I(1,2,5,6)P4 (third reaction from the beginning of hydrolysis of phosphate bonds in PA). The lower availability of nutrients in the presence of phytates is not due to action of phytates, but is caused by PA anions (IP6-3), which bind positively charged metal ions, amino acids, and proteins. The availability of nutrients increases as a result of the decrease in their binding caused by the decrease in the concentration of IP(6-3) anions under the action of phytases. Phytases added to feeds play a lesser role in the digestion of phytates compared to natural enzymes and complement their action. The concept of extra-phosphoric effect has no scientific justification, since phytases exhibit only the phosphohydrolase activity and are not able to catalyze other reactions.
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Tang HC, Sieo CC, Abdullah N, Chong CW, Omar AR, Mohamad R, Ho YW, Yong CY. Mitsuokella Jalaludinii Supplementation Improved Nutrient Utilization of Broilers Fed Low-Available Phosphorus Diet. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- HC Tang
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Management and Science University, Malaysia
| | - CC Sieo
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - N Abdullah
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | | | - AR Omar
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | | | - YW Ho
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
| | - CY Yong
- Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia; Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia
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46
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Mohiti-Asli M, Ghanaatparast-Rashti M, Akbarian P, Mousavi SN. Effects of a combination of phytase and multi-carbohydrase enzymes in low-density corn–soybean meal based diets on growth performance and ileal nutrients digestibility of male broilers. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1857311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maziar Mohiti-Asli
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agricultural Science, University of Guilan, Rasht, Iran
| | | | | | - Seyed Naser Mousavi
- Department of Animal Science, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Iran
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47
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Metabolizable energy and amino acid digestibility of corn distillers dried grains with solubles with or without enzymes supplementation in broiler diets. J APPL POULTRY RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.japr.2020.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
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48
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Zhang YY, Stockmann R, Ng K, Ajlouni S. Revisiting phytate-element interactions: implications for iron, zinc and calcium bioavailability, with emphasis on legumes. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:1696-1712. [PMID: 33190514 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1846014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Myo-Inositol hexakisphosphate or phytic acid concentration is a prominent factor known to impede divalent element bioavailability in vegetal foods including legumes. Both in vivo and in vitro studies have suggested that phytic acid and other plant-based constituents may synergistically form insoluble complexes affecting bioavailability of essential elements. This review provides an overview of existing investigations on the role of phytic acid in the binding, solubility and bioavailability of iron, zinc and calcium with a focus on legumes. Given the presence of various interference factors within legume matrices, current findings suggest that the commonly adapted approach of using phytic acid-element molar ratios as a bioavailability predictor may only be valid in limited circumstances. In particular, differences between protein properties and molar concentrations of other interacting ions are likely responsible for the observed poor correlations. The role of phytate degradation in element bioavailability has been previously examined, and in this review we re-emphasize its importance as a tool to enhance mineral bioavailability of mineral fortified legume crops. Food processing strategies to achieve phytate reduction were identified as promising tools to increase mineral bioavailability and included germination and fermentation, particularly when other bioavailability promoters (e.g. NaCl) are simultaneously added.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yianna Y Zhang
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,CSIRO Agriculture & Food, Werribee, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Ken Ng
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Said Ajlouni
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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49
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Jlali M, Cozannet P, Alleno C, Preynat A. Evaluation of a multicarbohydrase and phytase complex in reduced energy, amino acids, available phosphorus and calcium diets fed to broilers. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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50
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Madsen CK, Brinch-Pedersen H. Globoids and Phytase: The Mineral Storage and Release System in Seeds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207519. [PMID: 33053867 PMCID: PMC7589363 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Phytate and phytases in seeds are the subjects of numerous studies, dating back as far as the early 20th century. Most of these studies concern the anti-nutritional properties of phytate, and the prospect of alleviating the effects of phytate with phytase. As reasonable as this may be, it has led to a fragmentation of knowledge, which hampers the appreciation of the physiological system at hand. In this review, we integrate the existing knowledge on the chemistry and biosynthesis of phytate, the globoid cellular structure, and recent advances on plant phytases. We highlight that these components make up a system that serves to store and-in due time-release the seed's reserves of the mineral nutrients phosphorous, potassium, magnesium, and others, as well as inositol and protein. The central component of the system, the phytate anion, is inherently rich in phosphorous and inositol. The chemical properties of phytate enable it to sequester additional cationic nutrients. Compartmentalization and membrane transport processes regulate the buildup of phytate and its associated nutrients, resulting in globoid storage structures. We suggest, based on the current evidence, that the degradation of the globoid and the mobilization of the nutrients also depend on membrane transport processes, as well as the enzymatic action of phytase.
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