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Gottschewsky N, Kraft D, Kaufmann T. Menarche, pubertal timing and the brain: female-specific patterns of brain maturation beyond age-related development. Biol Sex Differ 2024; 15:25. [PMID: 38532493 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-024-00604-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Puberty depicts a period of profound and multifactorial changes ranging from social to biological factors. While brain development in youths has been studied mostly from an age perspective, recent evidence suggests that pubertal measures may be more sensitive to study adolescent neurodevelopment, however, studies on pubertal timing in relation to brain development are still scarce. METHODS We investigated if pre- vs. post-menarche status can be classified using machine learning on cortical and subcortical structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data from strictly age-matched adolescent females from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) cohort. For comparison of the identified menarche-related patterns to age-related patterns of neurodevelopment, we trained a brain age prediction model on data from the Philadelphia Neurodevelopmental Cohort and applied it to the same ABCD data, yielding differences between predicted and chronological age referred to as brain age gaps. We tested the sensitivity of both these frameworks to measures of pubertal maturation, specifically age at menarche and puberty status. RESULTS The machine learning model achieved moderate but statistically significant accuracy in the menarche classification task, yielding for each subject a class probability ranging from 0 (pre-) to 1 (post- menarche). Comparison to brain age predictions revealed shared and distinct patterns of neurodevelopment captured by both approaches. Continuous menarche class probabilities were positively associated with brain age gaps, but only the menarche class probabilities-not the brain age gaps-were associated with age at menarche. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the use of a machine learning model to classify menarche status from structural MRI data while accounting for age-related neurodevelopment. Given its sensitivity towards measures of puberty timing, our work suggests that menarche class probabilities may be developed toward an objective brain-based marker of pubertal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Gottschewsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Dominik Kraft
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tobias Kaufmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Tübingen Center for Mental Health, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
- Centre for Precision Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
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Christanti S, Syafiq A. Plant-Based Diet during the Prepubertal Period and Age at Menarche: A Systematic Review. JURNAL GIZI DAN PANGAN 2023. [DOI: 10.25182/jgp.2023.18.1.51-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
This systematic review aimed to analyze the effect of a prepubertal plant-based diet, through dietary patterns and its nutritional components, on the age at menarche. Systematic searches through Medline (EBSCO), Embase, Health & Medical Collection (Proquest), Scopus, and Google Scholar for articles published between January 2000 and September 2022 in English using the keywords of plant-based diet, age at menarche, and their synonyms identified 673 articles. Articles were screened through titles and abstracts, as well as full-text reviews based on inclusion/exclusion criteria and assessment of research quality using the JBI Critical Appraisal Tools with a JBI cut-off final score of >50%, leaving 12 articles in this systematic review presented in the PRISMA 2020 flowchart. Data analysis was conducted descriptively by comparing findings between articles. Age at menarche/puberty was reported as an outcome of food intake through a vegetarian diet, Mediterranean diet, vegetable protein, phytoestrogens and isoflavones, and dietary fiber. Based on the analysis of each subgroup, the plant-based diet did not consistently influence the incidence of menarche. In conclusion, a plant-based diet does not significantly affect age at menarche when it is accompanied by a balanced intake of energy and macro-micronutrients. The principles of balanced nutrition and the assistance of nutritionists are needed in practicing a plant-based lifestyle, especially for children and adolescents who are still in the developmental stage.
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Wang L, Song L, Liu B, Zhang L, Wu M, Xia W, Li Y, Xiong C, Cao Z, Xu S, Zhang B, Tian Y, Wang Y. Earlier maternal menarche is associated with shorter newborn telomere length. Eur J Pediatr 2020; 179:1507-1513. [PMID: 32211971 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-020-03621-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between maternal age at menarche and newborn telomere length which has been linked to lifespan and many age-related diseases. There were 734 mother-newborn pairs recruited from Wuhan Children's Hospital Wuhan, Hubei Province, China. Age at menarche was self-reported and categorized into three groups (≤ 12 years, 13 years, and ≥ 14 years). Telomere length in cord blood was measured using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and expressed as the ratio of telomere copy number to single-copy gene number (T/S). The mean age at menarche of 734 mothers was 13.1 (± 1.1) years and the adjusted geometric means in the T/S of newborn telomeres in the three groups were 0.693, 0.721, and 0.748 respectively. Earlier age at menarche (≤ 12 years), compared with later age at menarche ≥ 14 years, was significantly associated with 7.32% (95% CI - 13.70%, - 0.23%) shorter telomere length in offspring after adjusting for potential confounders.Conclusion: Mothers with earlier age at menarche were more likely to give birth newborn with shorter telomere length. Our study provides evidences for the effect of earlier menarche on fetal telomere programming in offspring. What is Known: • Newborn telomere length is considered an indicator of lifespan and health outcomes in later life. • The adverse effects of earlier menarche age to their offspring have been found, but its relationship with newborn telomere length has not been assessed before. What is New: • This is the first study to explore the relationship of maternal menarche age with newborn telomere length. • We provided primary evidence that earlier maternal age at menarche was associated with shorter newborn telomere length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulin Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, HangKong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lulu Song
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, HangKong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bingqing Liu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, HangKong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, HangKong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Mingyang Wu
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, HangKong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Chao Xiong
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongqiang Cao
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shunqing Xu
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Wuhan Children's Hospital (Wuhan Maternal and Child Healthcare Hospital), Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yaohua Tian
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, HangKong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Youjie Wang
- Department of Maternal and Child Health, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, HangKong Road 13, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environment and Health, Ministry of Education and Ministry of Environmental Protection, and State Key Laboratory of Environmental Health (Incubation), School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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De Sanctis V, Soliman AT, Di Maio S, Soliman N, Elsedfy H. Long-term effects and significant Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) associated with the use of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone analogs (GnRHa) for central precocious puberty: a brief review of literature. ACTA BIO-MEDICA : ATENEI PARMENSIS 2019; 90:345-359. [PMID: 31580327 PMCID: PMC7233750 DOI: 10.23750/abm.v90i3.8736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Central precocious puberty (CPP) is defined as an early pubertal development that occurs before the age of 9 years in boys and 8 years in girls. It results from premature activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists (GnRHa) have been the gold standard therapy for CPP for more than 30 years. These compounds have a high affinity for the pituitary LHRH receptor and are resistant to enzymatic degradation. Through continuous stimulation, GnRHa inhibit the pulsatile secretion of gonadotropin, resulting in hormonal suppression, cessation of pubertal development, and normalization of growth and skeletal maturation rates. The goal of therapy is to halt pubertal progression and delay epiphyseal maturation that leads to improvement of final adult height. There are no widely accepted guidelines for how long to continue treatment with a GnRHa for CPP, and individual practice varies widely. Furthermore, conflicting results have been published on the long-term effects of GnRHa therapy in patients with CPP. Therefore, we reviewed the current literature focusing our attention on the long-term effects and the significant adverse drug reactions (ADRs) observed during treatment with GnRHa in patients with CPP. Our review may provide the necessary data to enable clinicians to administer GnRHa in the safest and most appropriate way. Further studies are necessary to identify the mechanisms of development of potential adverse drug reactions related to GnRHa therapy in CPP.
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Shen Y, Varma DS, Zheng Y, Boc J, Hu H. Age at menarche and depression: results from the NHANES 2005-2016. PeerJ 2019; 7:e7150. [PMID: 31223544 PMCID: PMC6571127 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The association between early age at menarche and depression among adolescent girls and adult women has been examined in many studies. However, inconsistent results and limitations such as small sample size, low generalizability, and measurement error exist. We aimed to address these issues to assess the association between age at menarche and depressive symptoms in a nationally representative sample of US women aged 18 years and older. Methods We used the 2005–2016 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data with a total of 15,674 women aged 18 years and older included in our study. Logistic regression models were used after adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related factors. Results The crude-adjusted model suggests that women with early age of menarche had 1.36 (95% CI [1.16–1.61]) times the odds of current depressive symptoms compared with the normal menarche group, after controlling for age, race/ethnicity, education, poverty income ratio (PIR) and marital status. In the fully-adjusted model, women with early menarche had 1.25 (95% CI [1.05–1.48]) times the odds of current depressive symptoms, after additionally adjusting for smoking status and body mass index (BMI). However, no significant difference was observed between the normal and late menarche groups. Conclusion Further studies are warranted to determine the causal relationship and mechanisms between early menarche and increased risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Shen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes and Policy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Deepthi S Varma
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Yi Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Jenny Boc
- College of Nursing, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | - Hui Hu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
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Rinnewitz L, Parzer P, Koenig J, Bertsch K, Brunner R, Resch F, Kaess M. A Biobehavioral Validation of the Taylor Aggression Paradigm in Female Adolescents. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7036. [PMID: 31065043 PMCID: PMC6504877 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-43456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 04/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
This research assessed the behavioral, emotional, endocrinological and autonomic reactivity to the laboratory Taylor Aggression Paradigm (TAP) in a sample of healthy female adolescents. Twenty participants were induced with the TAP to behave aggressively (aggression group) and 20 age-matched participants were not induced to behave aggressively (control group). Regression analysis revealed that the aggression group displayed significant higher levels of aggressive behavior compared to the control group (χ2 (2) = 255.50, p < 0.0001). Aggressive behavior was not related to self-reported measures of trait aggression, impulsiveness or psychopathy features. Regarding the biological responses, regression analysis on cortisol, missed the set level of significance (χ2 (1) = 3.73, p = 0.054), but showed significant effects on heart rate as a function of aggression induction (χ2 (1) = 5.81, p = 0.016). While aggression induction was associated with increased autonomic arousal (heart rate), the interpretation of the effects on cortisol warrant caution, given existing differences between groups at baseline and overly elevated cortisol attributable to the general experimental procedures and not the TAP per se. No differences were found with respect to testosterone. In summary, the present study lends preliminary support for the validity of the TAP and its use in female adolescents on a behavioral and autonomic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Rinnewitz
- Section for Translational Psychobiology in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstrasse 8, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstrasse 8, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Peter Parzer
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstrasse 8, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Julian Koenig
- Section for Translational Psychobiology in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstrasse 8, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Bertsch
- Clinic of General Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Vossstrasse 2, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Romuald Brunner
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstrasse 8, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Regensburg, Universitätsstraße 84, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Franz Resch
- Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstrasse 8, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Kaess
- Section for Translational Psychobiology in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstrasse 8, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany. .,Clinic of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Center for Psychosocial Medicine, University of Heidelberg, Blumenstrasse 8, 69115, Heidelberg, Germany. .,University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bolligenstrasse 111, 3000 Bern 60, Switzerland.
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Deswita D, Refnandes R, Refnandes R, Putri MG, Putri MG. The Association of Pornographic Media Exposure and Nutritional Status with Early Menarche. JURNAL NERS 2019. [DOI: 10.20473/jn.v13i2.3582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: The adolescent menarche period has shifted to a younger age because of several factors, including a girl’s nutritional status and exposure to pornographic media. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between pornographic media exposure and nutritional status with the age of menarche in girls in elementary school.Methods: This research used a descriptive cross-sectional design. 121 respondents were selected by proportional random sampling. Nutritional status data was collected by measuring body mass index, while the usage of media exposure and the age of menarche were both identified using questionnaires. All data was analysed using the chi-square test.Results: There was a significant relationship between the age of menarche with the exposure to mass media (p=0.000) and nutritional status (p=0.000).Conclusion: The age of menarche in adolescent girls is associated with nutritional status and media exposure.
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Thakur M, Kaur M, Sinha AK. Assessment of menopausal symptoms in different transition phases using the Greene Climacteric Scale among rural women of North India. Ann Hum Biol 2019; 46:46-55. [PMID: 30822155 DOI: 10.1080/03014460.2019.1587508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menopause is the universal physiological process of women's midlife and exhibits a wide variety of symptoms. However, there is little data on the menopausal symptoms and factors associated with their severity among rural Indian women. AIM To evaluate the prevalence of menopausal symptoms during the different transition phases of menopause among rural women of North India. SUBJECTS AND METHODS This cross-sectional study consisted of 351 women aged 35-55 years (mean age 44.6 years) residing in rural areas of North India. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data regarding menopausal status, demographic profile and reproductive history of the participants. Frequency and severity of menopausal symptoms were evaluated using the Greene Climacteric Scale in different stages of menopause. All statistical procedures were accomplished using SPSS version 19.0. RESULTS In the present study the mean ages of attainment of menarche and menopause were 14.3 years and 47.2 years, respectively. Mean score of total Greene Climacteric Scale was highest among perimenopausal women (16.12 ± 8.1) over post-menopausal (14.78 ± 7.3) and pre-menopausal women (11.08 ± 6.1). Logistic regression analysis revealed that advancing age, low educational attainment, low socioeconomic status, menopausal status, later age at menarche and higher BMI were all associated with more severe menopausal symptoms. CONCLUSION The climacteric symptoms were more prevalent among women who were perimenopausal followed by post-menopausal women and were the lowest in pre-menopausal women. Age, menopausal status, socio-economic status, and reproductive factors significantly influenced the severity of menopausal symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Thakur
- a Department of Anthropology , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
| | - Maninder Kaur
- a Department of Anthropology , Panjab University , Chandigarh , India
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Raymond C, Marin MF, Juster RP, Leclaire S, Bourdon O, Cayer-Falardeau S, Lupien SJ. Increased frequency of mind wandering in healthy women using oral contraceptives. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2019; 101:121-127. [PMID: 30453124 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2018.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Oral contraceptive (OC) is the most common type of contraceptive method used in industrialized countries. A recent epidemiological study showed that OC use was associated with the onset of depression in young women. Mind wandering, a cognitive process associated with spontaneous thoughts unrelated to the task at-hand, has previously been associated with depressive thinking. Consequently, mind wandering might be a precursor for cognitive vulnerability in individuals who are at-risk for mood disorders. The purpose of this study was to examine the frequency and nature of mind wandering in women using OC in comparison to two control groups: naturally cycling women and men. We recruited 71 participants (28 women currently using OC, 14 naturally cycling women in the luteal phase of their menstrual cycle and 29 men) aged between 18 and 35 years, and measured the frequency and nature (guilt/fear oriented and positive) of mind wandering using the short version of the Imaginal Process Inventory. In all analyses, we controlled for depressive symptoms to delineate the unique association between OC use and mind wandering. We also measured estradiol, progesterone and testosterone to confirm expected group differences in sex hormones concentrations. Results show that women using OC presented increased frequency of mind wandering when compared to naturally cycling women and men who did not differ between each other. The three groups did not differ in terms of the nature of mind wandering. These results show that OC use is associated with increased frequency of mind wandering and suggest that the association between OC use and dysphoric mood described in previous studies may be partially explained by the impact of OC use on cognitive processes underlying mind wandering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Raymond
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Centre, CIUSSS East, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal.
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Centre, CIUSSS East, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychology, Université du Québec à Montréal
| | - Robert-Paul Juster
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Centre, CIUSSS East, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal
| | - Sarah Leclaire
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Centre, CIUSSS East, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Neurosciences, Université de Montréal
| | - Olivier Bourdon
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Centre, CIUSSS East, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sophia Cayer-Falardeau
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Centre, CIUSSS East, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sonia J Lupien
- Centre for Studies on Human Stress, Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Centre, CIUSSS East, Montréal, Québec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, Université de Montréal
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Raymond C, Marin MF, Majeur D, Lupien S. Early child adversity and psychopathology in adulthood: HPA axis and cognitive dysregulations as potential mechanisms. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2018; 85:152-160. [PMID: 28751271 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2017.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 06/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Early adversity (EA) has been shown to be a potent risk factor for developing a psychopathology in adulthood. Alterations of the stress system in addition to changes in brain development have been suggested to explain some of the psychopathologies associated with EA. The stress response involves the activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA)-axis, which leads to the production of glucocorticoids (GCs; cortisol in humans). Being soluble in lipids, GCs easily cross the blood brain barrier and access GC receptors in the hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and amygdala. These three brain structures do not develop at the same rhythm in humans and recent models suggest that exposition to EA at different times throughout cerebral development can induce a differential vulnerability to diverse mental illnesses. Although these models are of interest, they do not provide any mechanism(s) through which exposition to EA could lead to an increased vulnerability to certain mental illnesses and not others. Interestingly, the main brain structures that are affected by the chronic secretion of stress hormones during childhood (hippocampus, prefrontal cortex and amygdala) are differentially involved in various cognitive functions (memory, emotion regulation, encoding of emotional memories, etc.). It is therefore proposed that exposure to EA, by affecting the development of specific brain structures, might alter the underlying cognitive process of these brain regions, and increase vulnerability to specific mental disorders in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Raymond
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Canada; University of Montreal, Department of Neurosciences, Canada; Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, Canada
| | - Marie-France Marin
- Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, Canada; University of Montreal, Department of Psychiatry, Canada
| | - Danie Majeur
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Canada; University of Montreal, Department of Neurosciences, Canada; Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, Canada
| | - Sonia Lupien
- Center for Studies on Human Stress, Canada; Institut universitaire en santé mentale de Montréal, Research Center, Canada; University of Montreal, Department of Psychiatry, Canada.
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James E, Wood CL, Nair H, Williams TC. Preterm birth and the timing of puberty: a systematic review. BMC Pediatr 2018; 18:3. [PMID: 29310614 PMCID: PMC5759269 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-017-0976-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND An estimated 11% of births occur preterm, and survival is improving. Early studies suggested an association between preterm birth and earlier puberty. Given the adverse outcomes associated with early puberty this could have significant public health implications. The objective of this review was to assess the timing of puberty after preterm birth. METHODS Pubmed, Embase, Popline, Global Health and Global Health Library were searched using terms relating to "premature birth", "menarche", "puberty" and "follow up studies". Inclusion criteria were a population consisting of pubertal or post-pubertal adolescents and adults; studies which defined preterm delivery in participants and compared outcomes to those after term delivery; and a quantitative assessment of pubertal onset. Assessment of risk of bias was conducted using principles from the Critical Appraisal Study Process. RESULTS Our search identified 1051 studies, of which 16 met the inclusion criteria. In females, 8 studies found no association between preterm birth and the timing of menarche. Five studies found earlier onset in preterm infants, 1 found later onset, and 1 showed both earlier and later menarche, depending on birth weight. The range of effect of studies showing earlier menarche was - 0.94 to -0.07 years in the preterm group, with a median of - 0.3 years. In males, 2 studies showed earlier onset of puberty in the preterm group, 5 showed no difference, and 1 showed later onset. Most studies did not present outcomes in the form of a mean with standard deviation, precluding a meta-analysis. There was insufficient data to address potential confounding factors. CONCLUSIONS The published evidence does not suggest that being born preterm leads to a significant acceleration in the onset of puberty. This should prove reassuring for public health purposes, and for clinicians counseling parents of infants born preterm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evlyn James
- Royal Oldham Hospital, Rochdale Road, Oldham, UK
| | - Claire L. Wood
- Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Harish Nair
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Thomas C. Williams
- Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh, EH4 2XU UK
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Rietschel L, Streit F, Zhu G, McAloney K, Frank J, Couvy-Duchesne B, Witt SH, Binz TM, McGrath J, Hickie IB, Hansell NK, Wright MJ, Gillespie NA, Forstner AJ, Schulze TG, Wüst S, Nöthen MM, Baumgartner MR, Walker BR, Crawford AA, Colodro-Conde L, Medland SE, Martin NG, Rietschel M. Hair Cortisol in Twins: Heritability and Genetic Overlap with Psychological Variables and Stress-System Genes. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15351. [PMID: 29127340 PMCID: PMC5703444 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11852-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Hair cortisol concentration (HCC) is a promising measure of long-term hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis activity. Previous research has suggested an association between HCC and psychological variables, and initial studies of inter-individual variance in HCC have implicated genetic factors. However, whether HCC and psychological variables share genetic risk factors remains unclear. The aims of the present twin study were to: (i) assess the heritability of HCC; (ii) estimate the phenotypic and genetic correlation between HPA axis activity and the psychological variables perceived stress, depressive symptoms, and neuroticism; using formal genetic twin models and molecular genetic methods, i.e. polygenic risk scores (PRS). HCC was measured in 671 adolescents and young adults. These included 115 monozygotic and 183 dizygotic twin-pairs. For 432 subjects PRS scores for plasma cortisol, major depression, and neuroticism were calculated using data from large genome wide association studies. The twin model revealed a heritability for HCC of 72%. No significant phenotypic or genetic correlation was found between HCC and the three psychological variables of interest. PRS did not explain variance in HCC. The present data suggest that HCC is highly heritable. However, the data do not support a strong biological link between HCC and any of the investigated psychological variables.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liz Rietschel
- University Hospital of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Research Department, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.
- SRH University Heidelberg, Academy for Psychotherapy, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gu Zhu
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Kerrie McAloney
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Baptiste Couvy-Duchesne
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Stephanie H Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tina M Binz
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, Centre for Forensic Hair Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - John McGrath
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, The Park Centre for Mental Health, Wacol, Australia
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Narelle K Hansell
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
- Centre for Advanced Imaging, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nathan A Gillespie
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andreas J Forstner
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Life & Brain Center, Department of Genomics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Thomas G Schulze
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA
- Institute of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), Medical Center of the University of Munich, Campus Innenstadt, Munich, DE, Germany
- Human Genetics Branch, NIMH Division of Intramural Research Programs, Bethesda, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Goettingen, DE, Germany
| | - Stefan Wüst
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Psychology, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Markus M Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
- Life & Brain Center, Department of Genomics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Markus R Baumgartner
- Zurich Institute of Forensic Medicine, Centre for Forensic Hair Analysis, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Brian R Walker
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Andrew A Crawford
- British Heart Foundation Centre for Cardiovascular Science, Queen's Medical Research Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Lucía Colodro-Conde
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Sarah E Medland
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Nicholas G Martin
- Genetics & Computational Biology Department, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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13
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Chen H, Wang XT, Bo QG, Zhang DM, Qi ZB, Liu X, Jia CX. Menarche, menstrual problems and suicidal behavior in Chinese adolescents. J Affect Disord 2017; 209:53-58. [PMID: 27886570 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2016.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2016] [Revised: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Menarche is the first menstrual cycle. Menstrual problems, such as dysmenorrheal menorrhagia, oligomenorrhea, and irregular cycle are common in female adolescents. This research aims to examine the associations between age at menarche and menstrual problems and suicidal behavior among Chinese female adolescents. METHODS An epidemiological survey of 5831 female adolescents from eight high schools of three counties of Shandong province, China, was conducted. A self-administered paper-and-pencil questionnaire was used to collect information. Logistic regression analyses were used to examine the association between menstruation and suicidality. RESULTS The mean age of the sample was 15.02 (SD=1.44) years. Of the sample, 5,231 (90.0%) had experienced their first menstrual cycle, and 23.2%, 10.4%, and 4.5% of the sample reported having had suicidal ideation, plan and attempt, respectively. In multivariate models, menarche at ≤11 years was associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation (OR=1.41, 95%CI: 1.10-1.81) and menarche at 12 years was associated with suicide plan (OR=1.23, 95%CI: 1.00-1.51). Irregular menstrual cycle was significantly associated with increased risk of suicidal ideation (OR=1.40, 95%CI: 1.05-1.86) and menstrual period less than or equal to 4 days was significantly associated with increased risk of suicide plan (OR=1.32, 95%CI: 1.06-1.66). LIMITATIONS This cross-sectional study cannot establish the causal directions between menstrual problems and suicidality in adolescents. CONCLUSIONS Our study suggests that earlier menarche, irregular menstrual cycle and short menstrual period are associated with suicidal behavior in female adolescents. Further research is warranted to examine the causal relationship between menstrual problems and suicidal behavior in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Chen
- Department of Epidemiology, Shandong University School of Public Health & Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Jinan, China
| | - Xin-Ting Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, Shandong University School of Public Health & Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Jinan, China
| | - Qi-Gui Bo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Lijin County, Lijin, China
| | - Dao-Ming Zhang
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Yanggu County, Yanggu, China
| | - Zhen-Biao Qi
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention of Zoucheng County, Zoucheng, China
| | - Xianchen Liu
- Department of Epidemiology, Shandong University School of Public Health & Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Jinan, China; The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Cun-Xian Jia
- Department of Epidemiology, Shandong University School of Public Health & Shandong University Center for Suicide Prevention Research, Jinan, China.
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14
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Schoelwer MJ, Donahue KL, Didrick P, Eugster EA. One-Year Follow-Up of Girls with Precocious Puberty and Their Mothers: Do Psychological Assessments Change over Time or with Treatment? Horm Res Paediatr 2017; 88:347-353. [PMID: 28926827 PMCID: PMC5808430 DOI: 10.1159/000479688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine whether psychological characteristics of girls with variations of early puberty and their mothers change over time and with treatment in girls with central precocious puberty (CPP). METHODS Girls with CPP, premature adrenarche (PA), and early normal puberty (ENP) completed psychological assessments at baseline and after 1 year along with their mothers. All girls with CPP were treated with GnRH analogs. Psychological effects of group and time were examined using 2 × 3 mixed ANOVAs. RESULTS Sixty-two subjects aged 7.5 ± 1.4 years (range 4.8-10.5) were enrolled, of whom 36 (15 with CPP, 8 with PA, and 13 with ENP) completed 1-year follow-up assessments. Psychological measures were normal in all girls. No significant group differences were found for any measure of girls' psychological functioning at either time point. However, across all groups there was change over time with a decrease in perceived physical competence (p < 0.001) and an increase in perceived maternal acceptance (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION No abnormalities in psychological functioning were found among girls with variations of early puberty, and all groups were in the normal range. Our results are largely reassuring regarding concerns of adverse psychological consequences of early puberty in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J. Schoelwer
- Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kelly L. Donahue
- Pediatrics, Section of Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Paula Didrick
- Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Erica A. Eugster
- Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Riley Hospital for Children, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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15
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Childhood body mass index at 5.5 years mediates the effect of prenatal maternal stress on daughters’ age at menarche: Project Ice Storm. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2016; 8:168-177. [DOI: 10.1017/s2040174416000726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Early pubertal timing is known to put women at greater risk for adverse physiological and psychological health outcomes. Of the factors that influence girls’ pubertal timing, stress experienced during childhood has been found to advance age at menarche (AAM). However, it is not known if stress experienced by mothers during or in the months before conception can be similarly associated with earlier pubertal timing. Prenatal maternal stress (PNMS) is associated with metabolic changes, such as increased childhood adiposity and risk of obesity, that have been associated with earlier menarchal age. Using a prospective longitudinal design, the present study tested whether PNMS induced by a natural disaster is either directly associated with earlier AAM, or whether there is an indirect association mediated through increased girls’ body mass index (BMI) during childhood. A total of 31 girls, whose mothers were exposed to the Quebec’s January 1998 ice storm during pregnancy were followed from 6 months to 5 1/2 to 5.5 years of age. Mother’s stress was measured within 6 months of the storm. BMI was measured at 5.5 years, and AAM was assessed through teen’s self-report at 13.5 and 15.5 years of age. Results revealed that greater BMI at 5.5 years mediated the effect of PNMS on decreasing AAM [B=−0.059, 95% confidence intervals (−0.18, −0.0035)]. The present study is the first to demonstrate that maternal experience of stressful conditions during pregnancy reduces AAM in the offspring through its effects on childhood BMI. Future research should consider the impact of AAM on other measures of reproductive ability.
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16
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Salivary Cortisol Levels and Depressive Symptomatology in Consumers and Nonconsumers of Self-Help Books: A Pilot Study. Neural Plast 2015; 2016:3136743. [PMID: 26839713 PMCID: PMC4709678 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3136743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Revised: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The self-help industry generates billions of dollars yearly in North America. Despite the popularity of this movement, there has been surprisingly little research assessing the characteristics of self-help books consumers, and whether this consumption is associated with physiological and/or psychological markers of stress. The goal of this pilot study was to perform the first psychoneuroendocrine analysis of consumers of self-help books in comparison to nonconsumers. We tested diurnal and reactive salivary cortisol levels, personality, and depressive symptoms in 32 consumers and nonconsumers of self-help books. In an explorative secondary analysis, we also split consumers of self-help books as a function of their preference for problem-focused versus growth-oriented self-help books. The results showed that while consumers of growth-oriented self-help books presented increased cortisol reactivity to a psychosocial stressor compared to other groups, consumers of problem-focused self-help books presented higher depressive symptomatology. The results of this pilot study show that consumers with preference for either problem-focused or growth-oriented self-help books present different physiological and psychological markers of stress when compared to nonconsumers of self-help books. This preliminary study underlines the need for additional research on this issue in order to determine the impact the self-help book industry may have on consumers' stress.
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17
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Jung SJ, Shin A, Kang D. Menarche age, menopause age and other reproductive factors in association with post-menopausal onset depression: Results from Health Examinees Study (HEXA). J Affect Disord 2015; 187:127-35. [PMID: 26339923 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2015.08.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Revised: 08/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there are plausible mechanisms of female hormones in depression, epidemiological evidence has shown conflicting results. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the associations between female hormonal events and post-menopausal depression and further investigate the relative association between the age of menarche, the age of menopause and depression. METHODS Among 111,589 women who took part in the Health Examinees (HEXA) Study, a total of 60,114 postmenopausal participants were included in the final analysis. Each participant provided information on depression and questions related to reproductive history. The outcome variable was self-reported by the history of depression diagnosed by physicians and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) score. With the multivariate logistic regression, odds ratios were calculated. Possible interactions between depression prevalence and the ages of menarche and menopause were assessed. RESULTS A total of 2.2% (1342/60,114) women were diagnosed with depression after menopause, and 5.9% (500/8472) showed depressive symptoms. As the age of menopause and duration of reproductive years increased, the odds ratio of depression decreased (P-trend <0.001). As the age of menarche increased, the likelihood of physician-diagnosed depression also increased (P-trend 0.048). As the number of both spontaneous and induced abortions increased, the odds ratio of depression increased (P-trend <0.001). LIMITATION it is possible that women show inaccuracies in recalling their hormonal events and reporting other past mental disorders as depression. CONCLUSION Both the ages of the initiation and the termination of menstruation were associated with the increased odds ratio of post-menopausal depression. However, the age of menopause seems to be more important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun Jae Jung
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aesun Shin
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Biomedical Science, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea; Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Skoog T, Bayram Özdemir S, Stattin H. Understanding the Link Between Pubertal Timing in Girls and the Development of Depressive Symptoms: The Role of Sexual Harassment. J Youth Adolesc 2015; 45:316-27. [PMID: 25971216 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-015-0292-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The link between sexual maturation, or pubertal timing, in girls and adolescent depressive symptoms is well-documented, but the underlying processes remain unclear. We examined whether sexual harassment, which has previously been linked to both pubertal timing and depressive symptoms, mediates this link, using a two-wave longitudinal study including 454 girls in 7th (M age = 13.42, SD = .53) and 8th grade (M age = 14.42, SD = .55). Pubertal timing was linked to depressive symptoms in both age groups, and predicted an increase in depressive symptoms among the 7th graders. Sexual harassment significantly mediated the link between pubertal timing and depressive symptoms among the 7th, but not the 8th grade girls. Together, our findings suggest that one way to prevent depressive symptoms among early-maturing girls could be to address sexual harassment in preventive intervention in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Therése Skoog
- Center for Developmental Research, School of Law, Psychology and Social work, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Sevgi Bayram Özdemir
- Center for Developmental Research, School of Law, Psychology and Social work, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
| | - Håkan Stattin
- Center for Developmental Research, School of Law, Psychology and Social work, Örebro University, 701 82, Örebro, Sweden.
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Schoelwer MJ, Donahue KL, Bryk K, Didrick P, Berenbaum SA, Eugster EA. Psychological assessment of mothers and their daughters at the time of diagnosis of precocious puberty. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC ENDOCRINOLOGY 2015; 2015:5. [PMID: 25780366 PMCID: PMC4361154 DOI: 10.1186/s13633-015-0001-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Accepted: 01/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Background Concerns about psychological distress are often used to justify treatment of girls with precocious puberty, but there is little evidence to support these concerns. The extent to which psychological problems are associated with central precocious puberty (CPP) compared with other forms of early puberty in girls has likewise not been established. Methods Girls presenting with untreated CPP, premature adrenarche (PA) or early normal puberty (ENP) were recruited from our pediatric endocrine clinic along with their mothers. Child psychological adjustment was assessed by child self-report and parent report. Parent self-reported personality, anxiety, and depression were also assessed. Differences between groups were explored using one-way ANOVA and Dunnett’s T3 test. Results Sixty-two subjects (aged 7.5 ± 1.4 years, range 4.8-10.5) were enrolled, of whom 19 had CPP, 22 had PA, and 21 had ENP. Girls with ENP were significantly older (8.9 ± .9 years) than girls with CPP (6.9 ± 1.1 years, p < .001) and PA (6.6 ± 1.0 years, p < .001). Girls with PA had significantly higher BMI z-scores (1.7 ± .8) than girls with CPP (1.1 ± .6, p = .01) and ENP (1.2 ± .6, p = .04). More girls with PA and ENP were from racial minorities (47% and 50% respectively) than girls with CPP (32%). No group differences were found for any child measure of psychological adjustment. However, mothers of girls with PA scored significantly higher than mothers of girls with ENP on one measure of depression (p = .04) and stress (p = .01). Conclusions While mothers of girls with PA report increased psychological distress on some measures, no differences in psychological adjustment were found at baseline amongst the girls themselves. Whether these results will change as puberty progresses in the PA and ENP groups or with treatment of CPP is unknown. Long-term prospective studies are needed in order to further investigate psychological correlates of early puberty in girls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa J Schoelwer
- Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Riley Hospital for Children, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Room 5960, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Kelly L Donahue
- Pediatrics, Section of Adolescent Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN USA
| | - Kristina Bryk
- Psychology and Pediatrics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Paula Didrick
- Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Riley Hospital for Children, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Room 5960, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
| | - Sheri A Berenbaum
- Psychology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA USA
| | - Erica A Eugster
- Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Endocrinology, Riley Hospital for Children, 705 Riley Hospital Drive, Room 5960, Indianapolis, IN 46202 USA
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