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Khalaila R, Cohn-Schwartz E, Shiovitz-Ezra S, Lawlor B. A prospective association between social isolation and cognitive performance among older adults in Europe: the role of loneliness and poor oral health. Aging Ment Health 2024; 28:1162-1168. [PMID: 38192062 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2299968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between social isolation, loneliness, and tooth loss and cognition in older people is poorly understood. We examine how social isolation and cognitive performance are associated prospectively among older adults, as well as how tooth loss and loneliness are related to this association. METHODS Using data from 26,168 participants aged ≥50 from the Survey of Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe (SHARE), we explored the association between social isolation, loneliness, tooth loss and cognition. We used bootstrapping with resampling strategies for testing a moderated mediating model. RESULTS Higher social isolation was associated with poorer cognitive performance (B = -0.20, 95% CI = -0.03, -0.01; R2 =0.60), an association mediated by the respondent's number of missing teeth (B = -0.001, 95% CI = -0.002, -0.001). Higher levels of social isolation were associated with a greater number of missing teeth, and a higher number of missing teeth was linked with poorer cognition. We also found that loneliness moderated the relationship between social isolation and both the number of missing teeth (B = -0.11, p = 0.047) and cognitive performance. CONCLUSION In later life, social isolation and loneliness are associated with shoddy oral health and poor cognitive status. Clinicians and policymakers should be aware of both the association between social isolation and feelings of loneliness on dentition and oral health and their relationship to the cognitive status of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabia Khalaila
- Nursing department, Zefat Academic College, Zefat, Israel
| | - Ella Cohn-Schwartz
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Be'er Sheva, Israel
| | - Sharon Shiovitz-Ezra
- Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Old Age Psychiatry, Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College, Dublin, Ireland
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Xu C, Cao Z, Lu Z, Hou Y, Wang Y, Zhang X. Associations between Recreational Screen Time and Brain Health in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: A Large Prospective Cohort Study. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2024; 25:104990. [PMID: 38642587 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2024.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate the associations of recreational screen time with risks of brain-related disorders (dementia, stroke, and Parkinson's disease) and neuroimaging features. DESIGN Prospective cohort study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS A total of 407,792 participants from the UK Biobank who were free of dementia, stroke, or Parkinson's disease at enrollment (2006-2010). METHODS TV viewing and time spent using the computer were self-reported at baseline. Among a subsample of 40,692 participants, neuroimaging features were measured by magnetic resonance imaging in 2014. Data were analyzed using Cox proportional hazard models, restricted cubic spline models, and general linear regression models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.6 years, 5227 incident dementia, 6822 stroke, and 2308 Parkinson's disease cases were identified. Compared with TV viewing >0-1 h/day, watching TV ≥5 h/day was associated with higher risks of dementia [hazard ratio (HR), 1.44; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.28-1.62], stroke (HR, 1.12; 95% CI, 1.01-1.25), and Parkinson's disease (HR, 1.28; 95% CI, 1.06-1.54). Moreover, we observed inverse associations between TV viewing time and both gray matter volume and hippocampus volume (Ptrend <.001). However, we did not observe the significant associations between discretional computer use and brain-related disorders or neuroimaging features. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Our findings suggest that high TV viewing time is associated with increased risk of various brain-related disorders, highlighting recreational TV viewing could have an important impact on brain-related health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenjie Xu
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhi Cao
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zuolin Lu
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yabing Hou
- Yanjing Medical College, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yaogang Wang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xinyu Zhang
- School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China.
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Jin J, Sommerlad A, Mukadam N. Association between adult education, brain volume and dementia risk: longitudinal cohort study of UK Biobank participants. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01285-y. [PMID: 39028453 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01285-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024] Open
Abstract
Less childhood education is a potentially modifiable risk factor for developing incident dementia but it is not known if education in later life is protective. We sought to add to previous work by testing the association between adult education and brain volume as well as exploring the impact of continuing adult education versus intermittent participation. We used data from participants of the UK Biobank cohort, with no prevalent dementia who were asked about adult education participation at baseline and at follow-up. Dementia status was ascertained from self-report or electronic health records. Cox proportional hazards models were built to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) between participation in adult education and dementia risk. In 499,337 participants aged between 40 and 69 at baseline with 13.2 years mean follow-up, in analyses adjusted for age, sex, education, deprivation, ethnicity, hypertension, diabetes, ethnicity, obesity, smoking, alcohol use, physical inactivity and social isolation, we replicated previous findings of a protective effect of adult education on dementia risk (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74-0.90, P < 0.001), and showed a trend towards protection against dementia if adult education was continued rather than intermittent. Additionally, adult education did not impact on total brain volume (coefficient - 657.4, 95% CI - 2795.1 to 1480.3, P = 0.547) but it was associated with increased hippocampal volume (coefficient 33.9, 95% CI 8.9 to 59.0, P = 0.008) indicating a potential mechanism for protection against dementia. We have added evidence indicating that continuing adult education participation may be beneficial, although numbers for this analysis were very small. Analysis of brain volume indicated that adult education may have a protective effect by preserving hippocampal size or slowing volume loss, in line with the cognitive reserve hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Jin
- Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Sommerlad
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Naaheed Mukadam
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
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Ali S, Alizai H, Hagos DJ, Rubio SR, Calabia D, Serrano Jimenez P, Senthil VA, Appel L. mHealth Apps for Dementia, Alzheimer Disease, and Other Neurocognitive Disorders: Systematic Search and Environmental Scan. JMIR Mhealth Uhealth 2024; 12:e50186. [PMID: 38959029 PMCID: PMC11255539 DOI: 10.2196/50186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lifestyle behaviors including exercise, sleep, diet, stress, mental stimulation, and social interaction significantly impact the likelihood of developing dementia. Mobile health (mHealth) apps have been valuable tools in addressing these lifestyle behaviors for general health and well-being, and there is growing recognition of their potential use for brain health and dementia prevention. Effective apps must be evidence-based and safeguard user data, addressing gaps in the current state of dementia-related mHealth apps. OBJECTIVE This study aims to describe the scope of available apps for dementia prevention and risk factors, highlighting gaps and suggesting a path forward for future development. METHODS A systematic search of mobile app stores, peer-reviewed literature, dementia and Alzheimer association websites, and browser searches was conducted from October 19, 2022, to November 2, 2022. A total of 1044 mHealth apps were retrieved. After screening, 152 apps met the inclusion criteria and were coded by paired, independent reviewers using an extraction framework. The framework was adapted from the Silberg scale, other scoping reviews of mHealth apps for similar populations, and background research on modifiable dementia risk factors. Coded elements included evidence-based and expert credibility, app features, lifestyle elements of focus, and privacy and security. RESULTS Of the 152 apps that met the final selection criteria, 88 (57.9%) addressed modifiable lifestyle behaviors associated with reducing dementia risk. However, many of these apps (59/152, 38.8%) only addressed one lifestyle behavior, with mental stimulation being the most frequently addressed. More than half (84/152, 55.2%) scored 2 points out of 9 on the Silberg scale, with a mean score of 2.4 (SD 1.0) points. Most of the 152 apps did not disclose essential information: 120 (78.9%) did not disclose expert consultation, 125 (82.2%) did not disclose evidence-based information, 146 (96.1%) did not disclose author credentials, and 134 (88.2%) did not disclose their information sources. In addition, 105 (69.2%) apps did not disclose adherence to data privacy and security practices. CONCLUSIONS There is an opportunity for mHealth apps to support individuals in engaging in behaviors linked to reducing dementia risk. While there is a market for these products, there is a lack of dementia-related apps focused on multiple lifestyle behaviors. Gaps in the rigor of app development regarding evidence base, credibility, and adherence to data privacy and security standards must be addressed. Following established and validated guidelines will be necessary for dementia-related apps to be effective and advance successfully.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suad Ali
- Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Knowledge, Innovation, Talent, Everywhere, OpenLab, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Women's Brain Health Initiative, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hira Alizai
- Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Dale Calabia
- Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | | | - Lora Appel
- Faculty of Health, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Knowledge, Innovation, Talent, Everywhere, OpenLab, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Michael Garron Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Heikkilä K, Pentti J, Dekhtyar S, Ervasti J, Fratiglioni L, Härkänen T, Kivimäki M, Koskinen S, Ngandu T, Stenlund S, Suominen S, Vahtera J, Rovio S, Stenholm S. Stimulating leisure-time activities and the risk of dementia: a multi-cohort study. Age Ageing 2024; 53:afae141. [PMID: 39003234 PMCID: PMC11246193 DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afae141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/15/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stimulating activities are associated with a decreased risk of dementia. However, the extent to which this reflects a protective effect of activity or non-participation resulting from dementia is debated. We investigated the association of stimulating leisure-time activity in late adulthood with the risk of dementia across up to two decades' follow-up. METHODS We used data from five prospective cohort studies from Finland and Sweden. Mental, social, outdoor, consumptive and physical leisure-time activities were self-reported. Incident dementia was ascertained from clinical diagnoses or healthcare and death registers. Cox regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS Of the 33 263 dementia-free individuals aged ≥50 years at baseline, 1408 had dementia during a mean follow-up of 7.0 years. Active participation in mental (HR: 0.52, 95% CI: 0.41 to 0.65), social (HR: 0.56 95% CI: 0.46 to 0.72), outdoor (HR: 0.70, 95% CI: 0.58 to 0.85), consumptive (HR: 0.67, 95% CI: 0.53 to 0.94) and physical (HR: 0.62, 95% CI: 0.51 to 0.75) activity, as well as variety (HR: 0.54, 95% CI: 0.43 to 0.68) and the overall frequency of activity (HR: 0.41, 95% CI: 0.34 to 0.49) were associated with a reduced risk of dementia in <10 years' follow-up. In ≥10 years' follow-up all associations attenuated toward the null. CONCLUSION Stimulating leisure-time activities are associated with a reduced risk of dementia in short-term but not long-term follow-up. These findings may reflect a reduction in leisure-time activity following preclinical dementia or dilution of the association over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katriina Heikkilä
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Jaana Pentti
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8 B, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Serhiy Dekhtyar
- Aging Research Centre, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 171 65 Solna Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Sveavägen 155, 113 46 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jenni Ervasti
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PB 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Laura Fratiglioni
- Aging Research Centre, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet and Stockholm University, 171 65 Solna Stockholm, Sweden
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Sveavägen 155, 113 46 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tommi Härkänen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Clinicum, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Tukholmankatu 8 B, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Finnish Institute of Occupational Health, PB 40, 00032 Helsinki, Finland
- UCL Faculty of Brain Sciences, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Seppo Koskinen
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tiia Ngandu
- Department of Public Health and Welfare, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Mannerheimintie 166, 00300 Helsinki, Finland
- Stockholm Gerontology Research Center, Sveavägen 155, 113 46 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Säde Stenlund
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, 2206 E Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Sakari Suominen
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
- School of Health Sciences, University of Skövde, Högskolevägen, Box 408541 28, Skövde, Sweden
| | - Jussi Vahtera
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Suvi Rovio
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Sari Stenholm
- Department of Public Health, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Kiinamyllynkatu 10, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Research Services, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Kiinamyllynkatu 4-8, 20520 Turku, Finland
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Lee J, Kim J, Woo B, Pesola A, Tikkanen O. The longitudinal relationship between levels of leisure-time physical activity and positive and negative affect among older foreign-born adults with mild cognitive impairment. Psychogeriatrics 2024; 24:778-788. [PMID: 38627982 DOI: 10.1111/psyg.13114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the longitudinal impact of different levels of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) participation on positive and negative affect among older foreign-born adults with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). METHODS This study used 2012 to 2020 data from the Health and Retirement Study data (n = 1206) that was analyzed using repeated measured multivariate analysis of covariance. RESULTS The high-level participation LTPA group reported higher positive affect and lower negative affect than the mid and low-level participation groups. The mid-level LTPA group also reported higher positive and lower negative affect than the low-level LTPA group. CONCLUSIONS This study provides evidence that high levels of LTPA participation contribute to an increase in positive affect and a reduction of negative affect among older foreign-born adults with MCI. The findings of this study will help fill the gap in research on the longitudinal relationship between levels of LTPA participation and positive and negative affect among older foreign-born adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jungjoo Lee
- School of Health Professions, College of Nursing and Health Professions, University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi, USA
| | - Junhyoung Kim
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Bomi Woo
- Department of Health Behavior, School of Public Health, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Arto Pesola
- Active Life Lab South-Eastern Finland University of Applied Sciences, Mikkeli, Finland
| | - Olli Tikkanen
- Fibion Inc. Jyväskylä, Finland and Physical Activity Researcher Podcast, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Nishijima C, Harada K, Katayama O, Kurita S, Morikawa M, Yamaguchi R, Fujii K, Misu Y, Kakita D, Shimada H. Association between perceived value of adopting new behaviors and incident disability among Japanese community-dwelling older adults. Prev Med 2024; 183:107976. [PMID: 38688347 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2024.107976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/27/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This longitudinal observational cohort study aimed to clarify the relationship between perceived value (PV) to adopt new behaviors and incident disability in community-dwelling older adults. METHOD Participants were 5073 community-dwelling older adults aged ≥65 years in Japan (Mage = 74.0 ± 5.6 years; female = 55.1%). The mean follow-up time was 34.5 months. Baseline data were collected during health checkups in a prospective cohort study. Measurements included engagement in physical activity (PA), cognitive activity (CA), and social activity (SA), PV, health and physical conditions, and demographic characteristics. PV was assessed by asking whether participants thought it was valuable to adopt new behaviors related to PA, CA, and SA. Participants were classified as having higher/lower PV, PA, CA, and SA. Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze the association between PV and incident disability. PV was examined both as an independent variable and in combination as follows: higher PV and higher PA/CA/SA (high/high); lower PV and higher PA/CA/SA (low/high); higher PV and lower PA/CA/SA (high/low); and lower PV and lower PA/CA/SA (low/low). RESULTS Higher PV was significantly associated with a lower hazard ratio (HR) for incident disability. The low/high, high/low, and low/low significantly increased the HR compared to high/high in the analyses of PV & PA and CA. The analysis of PV & SA showed that only low/low increased the HR compared to high/high. CONCLUSION Having both higher PV and higher activity engagement may contribute to preventing disability development. Both support for activities and value education in older adults may be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiharu Nishijima
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan.
| | - Kenji Harada
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Osamu Katayama
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0083, Japan
| | - Satoshi Kurita
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Masanori Morikawa
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Ryo Yamaguchi
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Kazuya Fujii
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Yuka Misu
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Daisuke Kakita
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Center for Gerontology and Social Science, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi 474-8511, Japan
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Ourry V, Binette AP, St-Onge F, Strikwerda-Brown C, Chagnot A, Poirier J, Breitner J, Arenaza-Urquijo EM, Rabin JS, Buckley R, Gonneaud J, Marchant NL, Villeneuve S. How Do Modifiable Risk Factors Affect Alzheimer's Disease Pathology or Mitigate Its Effect on Clinical Symptom Expression? Biol Psychiatry 2024; 95:1006-1019. [PMID: 37689129 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2023.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 08/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Epidemiological studies show that modifiable risk factors account for approximately 40% of the population variability in risk of developing dementia, including sporadic Alzheimer's disease (AD). Recent findings suggest that these factors may also modify disease trajectories of people with autosomal-dominant AD. With positron emission tomography imaging, it is now possible to study the disease many years before its clinical onset. Such studies can provide key knowledge regarding pathways for either the prevention of pathology or the postponement of its clinical expression. The former "resistance pathway" suggests that modifiable risk factors could affect amyloid and tau burden decades before the appearance of cognitive impairment. Alternatively, the resilience pathway suggests that modifiable risk factors may mitigate the symptomatic expression of AD pathology on cognition. These pathways are not mutually exclusive and may appear at different disease stages. Here, in a narrative review, we present neuroimaging evidence that supports both pathways in sporadic AD and autosomal-dominant AD. We then propose mechanisms for their protective effect. Among possible mechanisms, we examine neural and vascular mechanisms for the resistance pathway. We also describe brain maintenance and functional compensation as bases for the resilience pathway. Improved mechanistic understanding of both pathways may suggest new interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentin Ourry
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Alexa Pichet Binette
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Clinical Memory Research Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lunds Universitet, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Frédéric St-Onge
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Integrated Program in Neuroscience, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Cherie Strikwerda-Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; School of Psychological Science, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Audrey Chagnot
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Judes Poirier
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - John Breitner
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Eider M Arenaza-Urquijo
- Environment and Health over the Lifecourse Programme, Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Jennifer S Rabin
- Division of Neurology, Department of Medicine, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Harquail Centre for Neuromodulation, Hurvitz Brain Sciences Program, Sunnybrook Research Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Rehabilitation Sciences Institute, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Rachel Buckley
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Center for Alzheimer Research and Treatment, Department of Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Julie Gonneaud
- Normandie University, UNICAEN, INSERM, U1237, PhIND "Physiopathology and Imaging of Neurological Disorders," Institut Blood and Brain @ Caen-Normandie, GIP Cyceron, Caen, France
| | - Natalie L Marchant
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sylvia Villeneuve
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McConnell Brain Imaging Center, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Hao H, Kim M. Moderating role of depression in the association between leisure activity and cognitive function among the disabled older people. Front Public Health 2024; 12:1345699. [PMID: 38680930 PMCID: PMC11045938 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2024.1345699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Background This study delves into the complex interaction between leisure activities and cognitive function in older people with disabilities, with a particular emphasis on the moderating influence of depression. Despite the well-documented cognitive benefits of leisure activities among the older people, the intricate relationship between depression and the association between leisure activities and cognitive function in this specific demographic has been rarely reported. Methods Drawing on data from the 2017-2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS), this study meticulously examined a cohort of 713 participants aged 65-89 years. We constructed a moderation model to examine the impact of leisure activity on cognitive function in older people with disabilities, with depression levels as a moderating variable. Results We found a positive association between engagement in leisure activities and cognitive function, highlighting the potential cognitive advantages associated with leisure engagement among disabled older people. However, the present analysis also reveals a significant moderation effect of depression on this relationship, shedding light on the nuanced nature of this association. Specifically, elevated levels of depression emerge as a critical moderator, attenuating the otherwise favorable impact of leisure activities on cognitive function among older people contending with disabilities. Conclusion In conclusion, the findings provide a compelling rationale for tailored interventions that comprehensively target both leisure activity engagement and concurrent depression management, effectively fostering improvements in cognitive function among the cohort of disabled older people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miok Kim
- Department of Social Welfare, Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
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Sutin AR, Gamaldo AA, Terracciano A, Evans MK, Zonderman AB. Personality and cognitive errors in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study. JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN PERSONALITY 2024; 109:104449. [PMID: 38312326 PMCID: PMC10836197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jrp.2023.104449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2024]
Abstract
This study examines the association between personality and cognitive errors in the Healthy Aging in Neighborhoods of Diversity across the Life Span study, a sample diverse across race (Black, White) and SES (above, below 125% of the federal poverty line). Participants (N=1,062) completed a comprehensive personality questionnaire and were administered a brief mental status screener of cognitive errors. Higher neuroticism was associated with more cognitive errors, whereas higher openness and conscientiousness were associated with fewer errors. These associations were independent of age, sex, race, poverty status, and education and were generally not moderated by these factors. These findings support the associations between personality and cognition across race and SES.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alyssa A. Gamaldo
- Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University
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Gavett BE, Widaman KF, McKenzie C, De Leon FS, Fletcher E, Tomaszewski Farias S, Mungas D. Self-reported mid- to late-life physical and recreational activities: Associations with late-life cognition. J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2024; 30:209-219. [PMID: 37721128 PMCID: PMC10922209 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617723000553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical and recreational activities are behaviors that may modify risk of late-life cognitive decline. We sought to examine the role of retrospectively self-reported midlife (age 40) physical and recreational activity engagement - and self-reported change in these activities from age 40 to initial study visit - in predicting late-life cognition. METHOD Data were obtained from 898 participants in a longitudinal study of cognitive aging in demographically and cognitively diverse older adults (Age: range = 49-93 years, M = 75, SD = 7.19). Self-reported physical and recreational activity participation at age 40 and at the initial study visit were quantified using the Life Experiences Assessment Form. Change in activities was modeled using latent change scores. Cognitive outcomes were obtained annually (range = 2-17 years) using the Spanish and English Neuropsychological Assessment Scales, which measure verbal episodic memory, semantic memory, visuospatial processing, and executive functioning. RESULTS Physical activity engagement at age 40 was strongly associated with cognitive performance in all four domains at the initial visit and with global cognitive slope. However, change in physical activities after age 40 was not associated with cognitive outcomes. In contrast, recreational activity engagement - both at age 40 and change after 40 - was predictive of cognitive intercepts and slope. CONCLUSIONS Retrospectively self-reported midlife physical and recreational activity engagement were strongly associated with late-life cognition - both level of performance and rate of future decline. However, the data suggest that maintenance of recreational activity engagement (e.g., writing, taking classes, reading) after age 40 is more strongly associated with late-life cognition than continued maintenance of physical activity levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon E Gavett
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Keith F Widaman
- Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Cathryn McKenzie
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia
| | - Fransia S De Leon
- School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Evan Fletcher
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | | | - Dan Mungas
- Department of Neurology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
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Bernini S, Conti S, Perdixi E, Jesuthasan N, Costa A, Severgnini M, Ramusino MC, Prinelli F. Investigating the individual and joint effects of socioeconomic status and lifestyle factors on mild cognitive impairment in older Italians living independently in the community: results from the NutBrain study. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100040. [PMID: 38280834 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/29/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Despite extensive research, a clear understanding of the role of the interaction between lifestyle and socioeconomic status (SES) on cognitive health is still lacking. We investigated the joint association of socioeconomic factors in early to midlife and lifestyle in later life and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI). DESIGN Observational cross-sectional study. SETTING NutBrain study in northern Italy. PARTICIPANTS 773 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years and older (73.2 ± 6.0 SD, 58.6% females) participating in the NutBrain study (2019-2023). MEASUREMENTS Three SES indicators (home ownership, educational level, occupation) and five lifestyle factors (adherence to Mediterranean diet, physical activity, smoking habits, social network, leisure activities) were selected. Each factor was scored and summed to calculate SES and healthy lifestyle scores; their joint effect was also examined. The association with MCI was assessed by logistic regression controlling for potential confounders. Sex-stratified analysis was performed. RESULTS In total, 24% of the subjects had MCI. The multivariable logistic model showed that a high SES and a high lifestyle score were associated with 81.8% (OR0.182; 95%CI 0.095-0.351), and 44.1% (OR0.559; 95%CI 0.323-0.968) lower odds of having MCI, respectively. When examining the joint effect of SES and lifestyle factors, the cognitive benefits of a healthy lifestyle were most pronounced in participants with low SES. A healthier lifestyle score was found to be significantly associated with lower odds of MCI, only in females. CONCLUSIONS According to our findings, SES was positively associated with preserved cognitive function, highlighting the importance of active lifestyles in reducing socioeconomic health inequalities, particularly among those with a relatively low SES. TRIAL REGISTRATION Trial registration number NCT04461951, date of registration July 7, 2020 (retrospectively registered, ClinicalTrials.gov).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bernini
- Clinical Neuroscience Unit of Dementia, Dementia Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Neuropsychology Lab/Center for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Silvia Conti
- Neuropsychology Lab/Center for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Institute of Biomedical Technologies - National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Elena Perdixi
- Neuropsychology Lab/Center for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Department of Neurology, IRCCS Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Alessandro Manzoni, 56, 20089 Rozzano, MI, Italy
| | - Nithiya Jesuthasan
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies - National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Alfredo Costa
- Clinical Neuroscience Unit of Dementia, Dementia Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Unit of Behavioral Neurology IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Severgnini
- Institute of Biomedical Technologies - National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, MI, Italy
| | - Matteo Cotta Ramusino
- Clinical Neuroscience Unit of Dementia, Dementia Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Unit of Behavioral Neurology IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Federica Prinelli
- Neuropsychology Lab/Center for Cognitive Disorders and Dementia IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Via Mondino 2, 27100 Pavia, Italy; Institute of Biomedical Technologies - National Research Council, Via Fratelli Cervi 93, 20054 Segrate, MI, Italy.
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Randolph JJ, Lacritz LH, Colvin MK, Espe-Pfeifer P, Carter KR, Arnett PA, Fox-Fuller J, Aduen PA, Cullum CM, Sperling SA. Integrating Lifestyle Factor Science into Neuropsychological Practice: A National Academy of Neuropsychology Education Paper. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2024; 39:121-139. [PMID: 37873931 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary aim of this paper is to review evidence and clinical implications related to lifestyle activities associated with promoting brain and cognitive health. Our review targets four key lifestyle factors: physical activity and exercise, social engagement, cognitively stimulating activity, and consuming Mediterranean-style diets. METHOD We conducted a critical review of the lifestyle factor literature in the four domains listed earlier. We contextualize this literature review by translating findings, when possible, into evidence-based recommendations to consider when providing neuropsychological services. RESULTS There is significant current evidence supporting the role of physical activity and exercise, social engagement, cognitively stimulating activity, and consuming Mediterranean-style diets on positive brain and cognitive health outcomes. While some null findings are present in all four areas reviewed, the weight of the evidence supports the notion that engaging in these activities may promote brain and cognitive functioning. CONCLUSIONS Clinical neuropsychologists can have confidence in recommending engagement in physical activity, social activity, and cognitively stimulating activity, and adhering to a Mediterranean-style diet to promote brain and cognitive health. We discuss limitations in existing lifestyle factor research and future directions to enhance the existing evidence base, including additional research with historically underrepresented groups and individuals with neurological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- John J Randolph
- Department of Psychiatry, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, NH, USA
- Randolph Neuropsychology Associates, PLLC, Lebanon, NH, USA
| | - Laura H Lacritz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mary K Colvin
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patricia Espe-Pfeifer
- Department of Psychiatry & Pediatrics, University of Iowa Hospitals and Clinics, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | | | - Peter A Arnett
- Psychology Department, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Joshua Fox-Fuller
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Paula A Aduen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - C Munro Cullum
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Scott A Sperling
- Center for Neurological Restoration, Department of Neurology, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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Chen A, Li Q, Huang Y, Li Y, Chuang YN, Hu X, Guo S, Wu Y, Guo Y, Bian J. Feasibility of Identifying Factors Related to Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementia in Real-World Data. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2024:2024.02.10.24302621. [PMID: 38405723 PMCID: PMC10889002 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.10.24302621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
A comprehensive view of factors associated with AD/ADRD will significantly aid in studies to develop new treatments for AD/ADRD and identify high-risk populations and patients for prevention efforts. In our study, we summarized the risk factors for AD/ADRD by reviewing existing meta-analyses and review articles on risk and preventive factors for AD/ADRD. In total, we extracted 477 risk factors in 10 categories from 537 studies. We constructed an interactive knowledge map to disseminate our study results. Most of the risk factors are accessible from structured Electronic Health Records (EHRs), and clinical narratives show promise as information sources. However, evaluating genomic risk factors using RWD remains a challenge, as genetic testing for AD/ADRD is still not a common practice and is poorly documented in both structured and unstructured EHRs. Considering the constantly evolving research on AD/ADRD risk factors, literature mining via NLP methods offers a solution to automatically update our knowledge map.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aokun Chen
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Rd, Suite 7000, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Qian Li
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Rd, Suite 7000, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Yu Huang
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Rd, Suite 7000, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Yongqiu Li
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Rd, Suite 7000, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Yu-Neng Chuang
- Department of Computer Science, George R. Brown School of Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005
| | - Xia Hu
- Department of Computer Science, George R. Brown School of Engineering, Rice University, 6100 Main St., Houston, TX 77005
| | - Serena Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutical Outcomes & Policy, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, 1225 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Yonghui Wu
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Rd, Suite 7000, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Yi Guo
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Rd, Suite 7000, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Jiang Bian
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1889 Museum Rd, Suite 7000, Gainesville, FL 32610
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Givon Schaham N, Buckman Z, Rand D. TECH preserves global cognition of older adults with MCI compared with a control group: a randomized controlled trial. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:1. [PMID: 38252189 PMCID: PMC10803538 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-023-02659-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive training using touchscreen tablet casual game applications (apps) has potential to be an effective treatment method for people with mild cognitive impairment (MCI). AIMS This study aimed to establish the effectiveness of 'Tablet Enhancement of Cognition and Health' (TECH), a novel cognitive intervention for improving/preserving cognition in older adults with MCI. METHODS A single-blind randomized controlled trial with assessments pre-, post-, and at 6-month follow-up was conducted. TECH entailed 5 weeks of daily self-training utilizing tablet apps, facilitated by weekly group sessions. Global cognition was assessed by the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA), and specific cognitive components were assessed using WebNeuro computerized battery. Short Form Health Survey (SF-12) assessed health-related quality of life (HRQoL). Intention-to-treat analysis was conducted and the %change was calculated between pre-post and between pre-follow-up. Cohen's d effect size was also calculated. RESULTS Sixty-one participants aged 65-89 years were randomly allocated to TECH (N = 31, 14 women) or to standard care (N = 30, 14 women). Pre-post and pre-follow-up MoCA %change scores were significantly higher in TECH than control (U = 329.5, p < .05; U = 294.5, p < .05) with intermediate effect size values (Cohen's d = .52, Cohen's d = .66). Forty percent of TECH participants versus 6.5% of control participants achieved a minimal clinical important difference in MoCA. Pre-post between-group differences for specific cognitive components were not found and HRQoL did not change. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS TECH encouraged daily self-training and showed to preserve global cognition of older adults with MCI. The implementation of TECH is recommended for older adults with MCI, who are at risk for further cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Givon Schaham
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Steyer School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Zvi Buckman
- Maccabi Healthcare Services, Tel Aviv-Yafo, Israel
| | - Debbie Rand
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine, Steyer School of Health Professions, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.
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Marzola P, Melzer T, Pavesi E, Gil-Mohapel J, Brocardo PS. Exploring the Role of Neuroplasticity in Development, Aging, and Neurodegeneration. Brain Sci 2023; 13:1610. [PMID: 38137058 PMCID: PMC10741468 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci13121610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroplasticity refers to the ability of the brain to reorganize and modify its neural connections in response to environmental stimuli, experience, learning, injury, and disease processes. It encompasses a range of mechanisms, including changes in synaptic strength and connectivity, the formation of new synapses, alterations in the structure and function of neurons, and the generation of new neurons. Neuroplasticity plays a crucial role in developing and maintaining brain function, including learning and memory, as well as in recovery from brain injury and adaptation to environmental changes. In this review, we explore the vast potential of neuroplasticity in various aspects of brain function across the lifespan and in the context of disease. Changes in the aging brain and the significance of neuroplasticity in maintaining cognitive function later in life will also be reviewed. Finally, we will discuss common mechanisms associated with age-related neurodegenerative processes (including protein aggregation and accumulation, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation) and how these processes can be mitigated, at least partially, by non-invasive and non-pharmacologic lifestyle interventions aimed at promoting and harnessing neuroplasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Marzola
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Graduate Neuroscience Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (P.M.); (T.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Thayza Melzer
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Graduate Neuroscience Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (P.M.); (T.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Eloisa Pavesi
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Graduate Neuroscience Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (P.M.); (T.M.); (E.P.)
| | - Joana Gil-Mohapel
- Division of Medical Sciences, University of Victoria, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
- Island Medical Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Victoria, BC V8P 5C2, Canada
| | - Patricia S. Brocardo
- Department of Morphological Sciences and Graduate Neuroscience Program, Center of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Santa Catarina, Florianopolis 88040-900, SC, Brazil; (P.M.); (T.M.); (E.P.)
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Lee Y, Jiang Y. Examining sociocultural factors in widowhood and cognitive function among older Chinese immigrants: findings from the PINE study. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:2144-2152. [PMID: 37116185 PMCID: PMC10592049 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2023.2205350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Objectives: Although there is growing evidence on widowhood and cognitive function, existing studies have shown mixed results. Little is known about protective factors that may contribute to resilience, thereby ameliorate the adverse effect of widowhood on cognition among older Asian immigrants. This study explored potential moderators (i.e. social support, acculturation, leisure activities) in the association between widowhood and cognitive function among older Chinese immigrants.Method: The study sample included 2,515 adults aged 60 or older who completed two waves (2011-2013 and 2013-2015) of the Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago. Cognitive function was indexed by global cognitive function and episodic memory. Linear regression analyses were conducted with interaction terms.Results: Our results show that social support moderated the relationship between widowhood and global cognitive function, and acculturation moderated the relationship between widowhood and episodic memory. The adverse effect of widowhood on cognitive function was more pronounced at lower levels of social support and acculturation.Conclusion: Our findings indicate buffering roles of social support and acculturation in cognitive health among older Chinese immigrants who experience widowhood. Providing supportive programs and interventions to increase social support and acculturation is suggested to promote cognitive function in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yura Lee
- Department of Social Work, Helen Bader School of Social Welfare, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wi, United States
| | - Yanping Jiang
- institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, Rutgers, the State University of new Jersey, new Brunswick, nJ, United States
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Liang C, Subramaniam P, Mohd Ridzwan Goh NS, Kok Wai T, Moustafa AA. Digital Device Use, Risk of Cognitive Impairment, and Cognition in Healthy Older Adults: The Role of Cognitive Reserve. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2822. [PMID: 37957967 PMCID: PMC10649017 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11212822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuroprotective factors are essential to successful ageing. As such, digital device use was proposed as an easily accessible and stimulating available cognitive activity to enhance brain function. Nonetheless, there was a lack of studies inspecting the connection between digital device use and cognitive reserve, the risk of cognitive impairment, and cognition. This study aims to investigate the potential mediator and moderator of the association between digital device use, cognitive reserve, the risk of cognitive impairment, and cognition among healthy older adults. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the relationship between digital device use and cognitive reserve, the risk of cognitive impairment, and cognition. A total of 210 healthy older adults were recruited through purposive sampling. The results obtained from this study revealed that there was a significant difference in cognitive reserve and cognition between healthy older adults who use a digital device for communication purpose only and who use a digital device for multiple purposes. A significant relationship was also found between cognitive reserve, the risk of cognitive impairment, and cognition. Although digital device use was found to be significantly associated with cognitive reserve and cognition, it was not significantly associated with the risk of cognitive impairment. Cognitive reserve partially mediated the relationship between digital device use and cognition, supporting the notion that cognitive reserve acts as an underlying mechanism in the relationship between digital device use and cognition. Hence, digital device use was suggested to be a good daily intervention for healthy older adults to build on their cognitive reserve and potentially protect their cognition from declining. Nevertheless, relying on digital device use alone is not sufficient, and other activities should be explored to enhance cognitive reserve among healthy older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn Liang
- Clinical Psychology Programme, Centre of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jln Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (C.L.); (N.S.M.R.G.)
| | - Ponnusamy Subramaniam
- Clinical Psychology Programme, Centre of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jln Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (C.L.); (N.S.M.R.G.)
- Centre for Health Ageing & Wellness (HCARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jln Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Nurul Syasya Mohd Ridzwan Goh
- Clinical Psychology Programme, Centre of Health Care Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jln Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia; (C.L.); (N.S.M.R.G.)
- Centre for Health Ageing & Wellness (HCARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jln Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Tay Kok Wai
- Centre for Health Ageing & Wellness (HCARE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jln Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
- Department of Psychology and Counseling, Faculty of Arts and Social Science, Tunku Abdul Rahman University, Kampar 31900, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Ahmed A. Moustafa
- Center for Data Analytics, School of Psychology, Faculty of Society and Design, Bond University, Gold Coast, QLD 4226, Australia;
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Li Q, Guo Z, Hu F, Xiao M, Zhang Q, Wen J, Ying T, Zheng D, Wang Y, Yang S, Hou H. Tourism experiences reduce the risk of cognitive impairment in the Chinese older adult: a prospective cohort study. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1271319. [PMID: 37942247 PMCID: PMC10629014 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1271319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Given the etiological complexity of cognitive impairment, no effective cure currently exists for precise treatment of dementia. Although scholars have noted tourism's potential role in managing cognitive impairment and mild dementia, more robust empirical investigation is needed in this area. This study aimed to examine the associations between tourism and cognitive impairment and dementia in older Chinese adults. Method From a nationwide community-based cohort, 6,717 individuals aged ≥60 were recruited from 2011 to 2014, of whom 669 (9.96%) had had at least one tourism experience in the 2 years prior to enrollment. All the participants were then prospectively followed up until 2018. The association between tourism and cognitive impairment was examined by the Cox proportional hazards regression model. The adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) and its 95% confidence interval (CI) were calculated to evaluate the effect of tourism experience on cognitive impairment and dementia. Results A total of 1,416 individuals were newly diagnosed with cognitive impairment and 139 individuals with dementia onset during follow-up. The incidence of cognitive impairment was significantly lower among participants with tourism experiences (316.94 per 10,000 person-years) than those without such experiences (552.38 per 10,000 person-years). Cox regression showed that tourism decreased the risk of cognitive impairment (aHR = 0.69, 95% CI: 0.41-0.62) when adjusted for behavioral covariates and characteristics. Compared with participants without tourism experiences, those with 1, 2, and ≥3 tourism experiences had a lower risk of cognitive impairment with the aHRs of 0.72 (95% CI: 0.52-0.99), 0.65 (0.42-1.01), and 0.68 (0.44-0.98), respectively. Tourism experiences also reduced participants' risk of dementia (aHR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.19-0.89). Conclusion Our findings demonstrated associations between tourism and reduced risks of cognitive impairment and dementia in older Chinese adults. Thus, tourism could serve as a novel approach to dementia prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Li
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Zheng Guo
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Fangli Hu
- Centre for Precision Health, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Mengfei Xiao
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Taian, China
| | - Jun Wen
- School of Business and Law, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Tianyu Ying
- Department of Tourism and Hotel Management, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Danni Zheng
- Department of Tourism, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Youxin Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Clinical Epidemiology, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Song Yang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Affiliated Taian City Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Taian, China
| | - Haifeng Hou
- School of Public Health, Shandong First Medical University and Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, China
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Robertson MC, Downer B, Schulz PE, Samper-Ternent R, Lyons EJ, Milani SA. Social and Leisure Activities Predict Transitions in Cognitive Functioning in Older Mexican Adults: A Latent Transition Analysis of the Mexican Health and Aging Study. J Gerontol B Psychol Sci Soc Sci 2023; 78:1625-1635. [PMID: 37227927 PMCID: PMC10561883 DOI: 10.1093/geronb/gbad082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Mexico has a rapidly aging population at risk for cognitive impairment. Social and leisure activities may protect against cognitive decline in older adults. The benefits of these behaviors may vary by patterns of cognitive impairment. The objectives of this study were to identify latent states of cognitive functioning, model the incidence of transitions between these states, and investigate how social and leisure activities were associated with state transitions over a 6-year period in Mexican adults aged 60 and older. METHODS We performed latent transition analyses to identify distinct cognitive statuses in the 2012 and 2018 waves of the Mexican Health and Aging Study (N = 9,091). We examined the transition probabilities between these states and their associations with social and leisure activities. RESULTS We identified 4 cognitive statuses at baseline: normal cognition (43%), temporal disorientation (30%), perceptual-motor function impairment (7%), and learning and memory impairment (20%). Various social and leisure activities were associated with reduced odds of death and disadvantageous cognitive transitions, as well as increased odds of beneficial transitions. DISCUSSION Mapping the effects of popular social and leisure activities onto common patterns in cognitive functioning may inform the development of more enjoyable and effective health-protective behavioral interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Robertson
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolism & Rehabilitation Sciences; The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Brian Downer
- Department of Population Health & Health Disparities, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Paul E Schulz
- Department of Neurology, The McGovern Medical School of UTHealth Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Rafael Samper-Ternent
- Department of Management, Policy & Community Health, UTHealth Houston School of Public Health, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Lyons
- Department of Nutrition, Metabolism & Rehabilitation Sciences; The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
| | - Sadaf Arefi Milani
- Department of Epidemiology, The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston, Galveston, Texas, USA
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21
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Sánchez-Vincitore LV, Cubilla-Bonnetier D, Marte-Santana H, Duñabeitia JA. Cognitive decline monitoring through a web-based application. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1212496. [PMID: 37869371 PMCID: PMC10585037 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1212496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cognitive decline usually begins after individuals reach maturity, which is more evident in late adulthood. Rapid and constant cognitive screenings allow early detection of cognitive decline and motivate individuals to participate in prevention interventions. Due to accelerated technological advances, cognitive screening and training are now available to the layperson using electronic devices connected to the internet. Large datasets generated by these platforms provide a unique opportunity to explore cognitive development throughout life and across multiple naturalistic environments. However, such data collection mechanisms must be validated. This study aimed to determine whether the data gathered by commercial visuospatial and phonological working memory tests (CogniFit Inc., San Francisco, USA) confirm the well-established argument that age predicts cognitive decline. Data from 3,212 participants (2,238 females) who were 45 years old or older were analyzed. A linear regression analysis explored the relationship between age and working memory while controlling for gender, sleep quality, and physical activity (variables that are known to affect working memory). We found that age negatively predicts working memory. Furthermore, there was an interaction between age and gender for visuospatial working memory, indicating that although male participants significantly outperformed females, the relationship between age and working memory differs for females and males. Our results suggest that the computerized assessment of visuospatial and phonological working memory is sensible enough to predict cognitive functions in aging. Suggestions for improving the sensitivity of self-reports are discussed. Further studies must explore the nature of gender effects on cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura V. Sánchez-Vincitore
- Laboratorio de Neurocognición y Psicofisiología, Universidad Iberoamericana (Unibe), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Daniel Cubilla-Bonnetier
- Laboratorio de Neurocognición y Psicofisiología, Universidad Iberoamericana (Unibe), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Hugo Marte-Santana
- Laboratorio de Neurocognición y Psicofisiología, Universidad Iberoamericana (Unibe), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Jon Andoni Duñabeitia
- Centro de Investigación Nebrija en Cognición, Universidad Nebrija, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Language and Culture, The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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22
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Kurita S, Doi T, Tsutsumimoto K, Nakakubo S, Kiuchi Y, Nishimoto K, Shimada H. Self-Monitoring of Physical, Cognitive, and Social Activities and 2-Year Disability Onset in Community-Dwelling Older Adults. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2023; 24:1497-1502. [PMID: 37245526 DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2023.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Revised: 04/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Self-monitoring of physical, cognitive, and social activities may be a means of helping older adults to adopt or maintain an active lifestyle, but its effect on disability onset is unknown. This study aimed to examine the association between self-monitoring of the activities and disability onset in older adults. DESIGN Longitudinal, observational study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS General community setting. Participants were 1399 older adults aged ≥75 years (mean age: 79.3 ± 3.6 years; 48.1% female). METHODS Participants conducted self-monitoring of physical, cognitive, and social activities using a specialized booklet and a pedometer. Level of engagement in self-monitoring was assessed based on the percentage of days in a year for which activities were recorded: no-engagement group (0% of days recorded; n = 438), midlevel-engagement group (0.1-89.9% of days recorded; n = 416), and high-engagement group (≥90% of days recorded; n = 545). Disability onset was determined by whether the participants were awarded a long-term care insurance certification over the 2 years after the explanation of the booklet and pedometer. RESULTS Cox proportional hazard regression models showed that the high-engagement group, when compared to the no-engagement group, had a significantly reduced hazard ratio (HR) for disability onset, after adjustment for covariates (HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.34-0.86, P = .010). After propensity score adjustment through inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW) and propensity score matching (PSM), the high-engagement group's HR remained significantly lower (IPTW: HR 0.54, 95% CI 0.34-0.86, P = .010; PSM: HR 0.58, 95% CI 0.35-0.96, P = .032). CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Self-monitoring of physical, cognitive, and social activities reduces the risk of 2-year disability onset in community-dwelling older adults. Further studies in other settings are needed to examine whether self-monitoring of activities can be a population approach for the primary prevention of disability in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Kurita
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan.
| | - Takehiko Doi
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
| | - Kota Tsutsumimoto
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
| | - Sho Nakakubo
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
| | - Yuto Kiuchi
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan; Graduate School of Health Sciences Kagoshima University, Kagoshima, Japan
| | - Kazuhei Nishimoto
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan; Department of Medical Sciences, Medical Science Division, Graduate School of Medicine, Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Nagano, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Shimada
- Department of Preventive Gerontology, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institute, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu City, Japan
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23
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Zhuang Z, Zhao Y, Song Z, Wang W, Huang N, Dong X, Xiao W, Li Y, Jia J, Liu Z, Qi L, Huang T. Leisure-Time Television Viewing and Computer Use, Family History, and Incidence of Dementia. Neuroepidemiology 2023; 57:304-315. [PMID: 37717571 PMCID: PMC10641801 DOI: 10.1159/000531237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Time spent on screen-based sedentary activities is significantly associated with dementia risk, however, whether the associations vary by family history (FHx) of dementia is currently unknown. We aimed to examine independent associations of two prevalent types of screen-based sedentary activities (television [TV] viewing and computer use) with dementia and assess the modifying effect of FHx. METHODS We included 415,048 individuals free of dementia from the UK Biobank. Associations of TV viewing, computer use, and FHx with dementia risk were determined using Cox regression models. We estimated both multiplicative- and additive-scale interactions between TV viewing and computer use and FHx. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 12.6 years, 5,549 participants developed dementia. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, we observed that moderate (2-3 h/day; hazard ratio [HR] 1.13, 95% confidence interval 0.03-1.23) and high (>3 h/day; 1.33, 1.21-1.46) TV viewing was associated with a higher dementia risk, compared with low (0-1 h/day) TV viewing. Using restricted cubic spline models, the relationship of TV viewing with dementia was nonlinear (relative to 0 h/day; p for nonlinear = 0.005). We found that >3 h/day of TV viewing was associated with a 42% (1.42, 1.18-1.71) higher dementia risk in participants with FHx while a 30% (1.30, 1.17-1.45) in those without FHx. For computer use, both low (0 h/day; 1.41, 1.33-1.50) and high (>2 h/day; 1.17, 1.05-1.29) computer use were associated with elevated dementia risk, compared with moderate (1-2 h/day) computer use. We observed a J-shaped relationship with dementia (relative to 2 h/day; p for nonlinear <0.001). Compared with 1-2 h/day of computer use, the HRs of dementia were 1.46 (1.29-1.65) and 1.10 (0.90-1.36) for 0 h/day and >2 h/day of computer use in participants with FHx, respectively, while the corresponding HRs were 1.40 (1.30-1.50) and 1.19 (1.06-1.33) in those without FHx. We observed a positive additive interaction (RERI 0.29, 0.06-0.53) between computer use and FHx, while little evidence of interaction between TV viewing and FHx. CONCLUSIONS The time spent on TV viewing and computer use were independent risk factors for dementia, and the adverse effects of computer use and FHx were additive. Our findings point to new behavioral targets for intervention on preventing an early onset of dementia, especially for those with FHx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhuang Zhuang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yimin Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zimin Song
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxiu Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ninghao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xue Dong
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wendi Xiao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yueying Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jinzhu Jia
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Cardiovascular Sciences (Peking University), Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
- Center for Intelligent Public Health, Academy for Artificial Intelligence, Peking University, Beijing, China
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24
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Ye KX, Sun L, Wang L, Khoo ALY, Lim KX, Lu G, Yu L, Li C, Maier AB, Feng L. The role of lifestyle factors in cognitive health and dementia in oldest-old: A systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105286. [PMID: 37321363 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oldest-old is the fastest growing segment of society. A substantial number of these individuals are cognitively impaired or demented. Given the lack of a cure, attention is directed to lifestyle interventions that could help alleviate the stress in patients, their families, and society. The aim of this review was to identify lifestyle factors with important roles in dementia prevention in oldest-old. Searches were conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science. We identified 27 observational cohort studies that met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that eating a healthy diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables, and participation in leisure and physical activities may protect against cognitive decline and cognitive impairment among oldest-old regardless of the APOE genotype. Combined lifestyles may generate multiplicative effects than individual factors. This is the first review known to systematically examine the association between lifestyle and cognitive health in oldest-old. Lifestyle interventions for diet, leisure, or a combination of lifestyles could be beneficial for cognitive function in oldest-old. Interventional studies are warranted to strengthen the evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisy Xinhong Ye
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Lina Sun
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lingyan Wang
- School of Anesthesiology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Anderson Li Yang Khoo
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Kai Xuan Lim
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Guohua Lu
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Lirong Yu
- School of Nursing, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Changjiang Li
- School of Psychology, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Andrea Britta Maier
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Human Movement Sciences, @AgeAmsterdam, Amsterdam Movement Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lei Feng
- Healthy Longevity Translational Research Program, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Psychological Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Centre for Healthy Longevity, @AgeSingapore, National University Health System, Singapore.
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25
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Sutin AR, Stephan Y, Luchetti M, Aschwanden D, Sesker AA, Zhu X, Terracciano A. Sense of Purpose in Life and Beliefs and Knowledge of Alzheimer's Disease. Arch Clin Neuropsychol 2023; 38:983-989. [PMID: 36744681 PMCID: PMC10456211 DOI: 10.1093/arclin/acad014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A sense of purpose in life is associated with healthier cognitive outcomes, including lower risk of Alzheimer's Disease (ad). The present research examines whether purpose is also associated with beliefs and knowledge of ad. METHOD A random subsample (N = 1,187) of community-dwelling participants from the Health and Retirement Study completed a module on self-reported beliefs and knowledge of ad. RESULTS Purpose in life was associated with lower perceived threat of ad and greater belief that modifiable factors (e.g., physical activity) decrease risk. Associations were not moderated by experience with ad or depressive symptoms. Purpose was unrelated to beliefs that genetics or stress increase risk or knowledge of ad. CONCLUSIONS Individuals with a sense of purpose are less concerned about risk of developing ad and believe modifiable factors reduce risk. These beliefs may support engagement in behaviors that reduce risk and be one psychological pathway through which purpose protects against ad.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelina R Sutin
- Department of Behavioral Science and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | | | - Martina Luchetti
- Department of Behavioral Science and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Damaris Aschwanden
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Amanda A Sesker
- Department of Behavioral Science and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Xianghe Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Antonio Terracciano
- Department of Geriatrics, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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26
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Duffner LA, DeJong NR, Jansen JFA, Backes WH, de Vugt M, Deckers K, Köhler S. Associations between social health factors, cognitive activity and neurostructural markers for brain health - A systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 89:101986. [PMID: 37356551 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Social health factors (e.g., social activities or social support) and cognitive activity engagement have been associated with dementia risk, but their neural substrates have not been well established. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarizes the available evidence regarding the association between these factors and cerebral macro- and micro-structure. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in various databases, following predefined criteria. Heterogeneity, risk of publication bias and overall certainty of evidence were assessed using standardized scales and, whenever appropriate, random effects meta-analysis was conducted. Of 6715 identified articles, 43 were included. Overall, consistency of findings was low and methodological heterogeneity high for all outcomes. However, in some studies cognitive and social activities were positively associated with total brain, global and cortical grey matter and hippocampal volume as well as white matter microstructural integrity. Furthermore, structural social network characteristics (e.g., social network size) were associated with regional grey matter volumes, while functional social network characteristics (e.g., social support) were additionally associated with total brain volume. Meta-analyses revealed small but significant partial correlations between cognitive and social activities and hippocampal (three studies; n = 892; rz =0.07) and white matter hyperintensity volume (three studies; n = 2934; rz =-0.04). More prospective studies are needed to assess temporal associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas A Duffner
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Nathan R DeJong
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Jacobus F A Jansen
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Electrical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Walter H Backes
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Marjolein de Vugt
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Kay Deckers
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - Sebastian Köhler
- Alzheimer Centrum Limburg, Department of Psychiatry and Neuropsychology, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands; School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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27
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Shi X, Wang Y, Wu Y, Li J. The effect of the leisure activities based on chess and cards for improving cognition of older adults: study protocol for a cluster randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:484. [PMID: 37516846 PMCID: PMC10386780 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07528-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND With the increase in age, the probability of cognitive impairment in the older people is increasing. More and more evidence shows that participating in leisure activities, especially chess and cards, is beneficial to the cognition and mental state of the older people. But the evidence for causal inference is limited. There is a need to conduct a fully powered randomized controlled trial (RCT) and long-term follow-up to test the effectiveness of intervention measures in improving cognitive function and mental state. This paper describes the methodology of a cluster RCT designed to determine the effect of chess and cards leisure activities on the cognitive function of the older people over 60 years old. METHODS/DESIGN A cluster RCT consisting of 8 clusters will be conducted in four regions of Ningxia, China (Helan, Litong, Qingtongxia, and Shapotou). Clusters will be randomly assigned to the advocacy intervention group, which is also delivered with free leisure activities tools (chess and cards), or the control group. A baseline survey will be conducted before the intervention. A mid-term and final survey will be carried out twelve and twenty-four months after the intervention, respectively. The primary outcome is a change in cognitive function, and the secondary outcomes are changes in anxiety, depression, and loneliness. DISCUSSION The results of this RCT will be helpful to (1) confirm the effectiveness of chess and cards leisure activities in improving the cognitive function of the older people over 60 years old; (2) determine the relationship between the frequency and duration of chess and cards leisure activities and cognitive function; (3) provide evidence of promoting participation in leisure activities through education campaigns and free provision of chess and cards tools; and (4) provide valuable information for successful aging. TRIAL REGISTRATION Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2200066817. Registered on 19 December 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Shi
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yanrong Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Yueping Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China
| | - Jiangping Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, China.
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Hui Autonomous Region, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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28
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Turrini S, Wong B, Eldaief M, Press DZ, Sinclair DA, Koch G, Avenanti A, Santarnecchi E. The multifactorial nature of healthy brain ageing: Brain changes, functional decline and protective factors. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 88:101939. [PMID: 37116664 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2023.101939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
As the global population faces a progressive shift towards a higher median age, understanding the mechanisms underlying healthy brain ageing has become of paramount importance for the preservation of cognitive abilities. The first part of the present review aims to provide a comprehensive look at the anatomical changes the healthy brain endures with advanced age, while also summarizing up to date findings on modifiable risk factors to support a healthy ageing process. Subsequently, we describe the typical cognitive profile displayed by healthy older adults, conceptualizing the well-established age-related decline as an impairment of four main cognitive factors and relating them to their neural substrate previously described; different cognitive trajectories displayed by typical Alzheimer's Disease patients and successful agers with a high cognitive reserve are discussed. Finally, potential effective interventions and protective strategies to promote cognitive reserve and defer cognitive decline are reviewed and proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Turrini
- Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Cesena, Italy
| | - Bonnie Wong
- Neuropsychology Program, Frontotemporal Disorders Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA , USA; Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mark Eldaief
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Z Press
- Department of Neurology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David A Sinclair
- Blavatnik Institute, Department of Genetics, Paul F. Glenn Center for Biology of ageing Research, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Giacomo Koch
- Stroke Unit, Department of Systems Medicine, University of Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy; Department of Clinical and Behavioural Neurology, Santa Lucia Foundation IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessio Avenanti
- Centro studi e ricerche in Neuroscienze Cognitive, Dipartimento di Psicologia "Renzo Canestrari", Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna, Campus di Cesena, Cesena, Italy; Centro de Investigación en Neuropsicología y Neurociencias Cognitivas, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Emiliano Santarnecchi
- Precision Neuroscience & Neuromodulation Program, Gordon Center for Medical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Simon SS, Lee S, Gu Y, Mensing A, Noofoory D, Nazario GMH, Babukutty RS, Stern Y. Leisure activity engagement across adulthood predicts cognitive change after five years: Do gender and age matter? J Int Neuropsychol Soc 2023; 29:529-540. [PMID: 36366958 PMCID: PMC10186268 DOI: 10.1017/s1355617722000510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the association between leisure activity (LA) frequency and cognitive trajectories over 5 years across adulthood, and whether gender and age moderate these associations. METHOD A total of 234 cognitively healthy adults (21-80 years) completed a LA questionnaire at baseline and neuropsychological measures at baseline and after 5 years. Latent change score analysis was applied to generate latent variables estimating changes in different cognitive domains. For a secondary analysis, LA components' scores were calculated, reflecting cognitive-intellectual, social, and physical activities. Regression analysis examined the association between baseline LA and cognitive change, and potential moderation of gender and age. In addition, we tested the influence of cortical gray matter thickness on the results. RESULTS We found that higher LA engagement was associated with slower cognitive decline for reasoning, speed, and memory, as well as better vocabulary across two time points. Regarding LA components, higher Social-LA and Intellectual-LA predicted slower rates of cognitive decline across different domains, while Physical-LA was not associated with cognitive change. Gender, but not age, moderated some of the associations observed. Our results remained the same after controlling for cortical gray matter thickness. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrated a protective effect of LA engagement on cognitive trajectories over 5 years, independent from demographics and a measure of brain health. The effects were in part moderated by gender, but not age. Results should be replicated in larger and more diverse samples. Our findings support cognitive reserve hypothesis and have implications for future reserve-enhancing interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon Sanz Simon
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Seonjoo Lee
- Department of Psychiatry and Biostatistics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yian Gu
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Department of Epidemiology, Joseph P. Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ashley Mensing
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Diala Noofoory
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Reshma S. Babukutty
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yaakov Stern
- Cognitive Neuroscience Division, Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Taub Institute for Research in Alzheimer’s Disease and the Aging Brain, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- The Gertrude H. Sergievsky Center, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
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Sun Y, Wang Z, Sun S, Cui L, Zhu X, Ho SY, Qi S. Cognitive Activities, Lifestyle Factors, and Risk of Cognitive Impairment, with an Analysis of the Apolipoprotein Epsilon 4 Genotype. Gerontology 2023; 69:1137-1146. [PMID: 37276850 DOI: 10.1159/000531109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Cognitive stimulating activities and a healthy lifestyle are associated with less cognitive impairment. However, whether the association is varied by Apolipoprotein epsilon 4 (APOE ε4) allele carrier status remains inconclusive. We aimed to investigate whether the association of cognitively stimulating activities and a healthy lifestyle with the risk of cognitive impairment varied by APOE ε4 allele carrier status. METHODS A case-control study was conducted for adults aged 60 years and above. Six province administrative units (Beijing, Shanghai, Hubei, Sichuan, Guangxi, and Yunnan) were included using stratified multistage cluster sampling. A total of 1,300 individuals were identified with cognitive impairment (cases) at enrollment and were matched 1:2 on sex, age (±2 years), and residential district with controls who were cognitively normal at the time of the evaluation. We used a standardized questionnaire to collect information on cognitive stimulating activities, lifestyle factors, demographics, and comorbidity. Cognitive stimulating activities included reading books or newspapers, playing cards or mahjong, using the Internet, socializing with neighbors, and community activities. Lifestyle factors included smoking, alcohol drinking, daily tea drinking, and regular exercise. We used logistic regression to assess the interaction between cognitive stimulating activities, lifestyle factors, and APOE ε4 allele carrier status (yes/no) on the risk of cognitive impairment. We tested for additive interaction by estimating relative excess risk (RERI) due to interaction and multiplicative interaction employing the p value of the interaction term of each lifestyle factor and APOE ε4 into the model. RESULTS Four cognitive stimulating activities were associated with less cognitive impairment regardless of APOE ε4 status. Using the Internet (odds ratio [OR]: 0.53, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.30-0.95), daily tea drinking (OR: 0.79; 95% CI: 0.63-0.98), and regular exercise (OR: 0.78; 95% CI: 0.65-0.94) were associated with less cognitive impairment only in noncarriers. Multiplicative and additive interactions were found between community activities and APOE ε4 carrier status (multiplicative p value = 0.03; RERI 0.738, 95% CI: 0.201-1.275). CONCLUSION The associations between cognitive activities and cognitive impairment were robust regardless of the APOE ε4 carrier status, while the associations between lifestyle factors and cognitive impairment varied by APOE ε4 carrier status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuying Sun
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, Hong Kong Metropolitan University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zhihui Wang
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Shengzhi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Cui
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoquan Zhu
- The Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sai Yin Ho
- School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shige Qi
- National Center for Chronic and Noncommunicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Sommerlad A, Kivimäki M, Larson EB, Röhr S, Shirai K, Singh-Manoux A, Livingston G. Social participation and risk of developing dementia. NATURE AGING 2023; 3:532-545. [PMID: 37202513 DOI: 10.1038/s43587-023-00387-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The increasing number of people with dementia globally illustrates the urgent need to reduce dementia's scale and impact. Lifetime social participation may affect dementia risk by increasing cognitive reserve, and through brain maintenance by reducing stress and improving cerebrovascular health. It may therefore have important implications for individual behavior and public health policy aimed at reducing dementia burden. Observational study evidence indicates that greater social participation in midlife and late life is associated with 30-50% lower subsequent dementia risk, although some of this may not be causal. Social participation interventions have led to improved cognition but, partly due to short follow-up and small numbers of participants, no reduction in risk of dementia. We summarize the evidence linking social participation with dementia, discuss potential mechanisms by which social participation is likely to reduce and mitigate the impact of neuropathology in the brain, and consider the implications for future clinical and policy dementia prevention interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Sommerlad
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK.
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Mika Kivimäki
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Eric B Larson
- University of Washington Schools of Medicine and Public Health, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Susanne Röhr
- School of Psychology, Massey University, Manawatu, New Zealand
- Global Brain Health Institute (GBHI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Institute of Social Medicine, Occupational Health and Public Health (ISAP), Medical Faculty, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kokoro Shirai
- Department of Social Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Archana Singh-Manoux
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Université Paris Cité, Inserm, U1153, Paris, France
| | - Gill Livingston
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
- Camden and Islington NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Xu M, Zhou Y, Yan Q, Ke P, Yin X, Gong Y. Engagement in leisure activities and cognitive function by socioeconomic groups in China: A prospective cohort study. J Affect Disord 2023; 327:362-367. [PMID: 36764365 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.02.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2022] [Revised: 02/02/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether the effects of leisure activities on cognition differ among socioeconomic groups and the effects of changes in the frequency of habitual leisure activities on cognition. METHODS We included 5869 older adults from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (2008-2014). Five typical leisure activities were used to calculate the Leisure Activity Index (LAI). The Mini-Mental State Examination was used to assess cognition. Latent class analysis was used to construct the overall socioeconomic status (SES). Cox proportional hazard regression was applied to explore the associations and further stratified the analysis by SES. RESULTS Participants in the highest quartile of LAI had a 50 % lower risk of developing cognitive impairment compared with the lowest quartile of LAI (HR: 0.50, 95 % CI: 0.40-0.62) (Ptrend < 0.01). Compared with participants who participated in leisure activities with increased frequency during the follow-up period, the HR (95 % CIs) of participants with no change in frequency was 3.10 (2.39-4.01), and that of participants with decreased frequency was 2.34 (1.81-3.04). A significant interaction between LAI and SES were found (Pinteraction = 0.02). The association between LAI and cognitive function was more pronounced in participants with high SES (HRQ4 vs Q1: 0.31, 95 % CI: 0.16-0.59) than in participants with low SES (HRQ4 vs Q1: 0.61, 95 % CI: 0.45-0.83). CONCLUSIONS Leisure activities may have significant benefits in preventing cognitive impairment. However, promoting leisure activities alone may not substantially reduce socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive health. Measures addressing the social determinants of cognitive health still need to be further explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minzhi Xu
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Ying Zhou
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Qin Yan
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Pan Ke
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xiaoxv Yin
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
| | - Yanhong Gong
- Department of Social Medicine and Health Management, School of Public Health, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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Kim J, Ko M, Lee J, Kim Y. The effects of a mobile-based multi-domain intervention on cognitive function among older adults. Prev Med Rep 2023; 32:102165. [PMID: 36942284 PMCID: PMC10023949 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Behavioral and social research has stressed the importance of multi-domain lifestyle interventions to prevent, delay, or remedy age-related cognitive decline among older adults at high risk for dementia. In light of the benefits of multi-domain interventions, some studies demonstrate the effectiveness of a mobile-based program for dementia prevention. Unfortunately, there is limited evidence of whether or not a mobile application of a multi-domain program is effective in improving cognitive functioning among older adults who are a high risk for dementia. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine whether there was a pre-post change of cognition and there were age-group differences in pre-post change after the 12 weeks multi-domain program, Silvia program (N = 59). The Silvia program consisted of five domains, including (a)daily smart routine, (b)cognitive training, (c)lifestyle monitoring, (d)home-based exercise, and (e)voice-based AI cognitive assessment. Using a paired t-test and analysis of variance, this study found that there was a significant mean difference in cognitive function scores between pre and post-intervention (95 % CI = 1.10-1.87, P <.05). The difference score in cognitive function was higher in the old-old group than in the young-old group (95 % CI = -2.29-0.10, p <.05). The findings of this study demonstrated that Silvia program was effective in promoting cognitive function among older Korean adults, especially for the old-old group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhyoung Kim
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Myungjin Ko
- School of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
- Silvia Health Inc. Seoul, South Korea
- Corresponding author at: Silvia Health Inc. Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Jungjoo Lee
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Yongseop Kim
- Department of Health & Wellness Design, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, IN, United States
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Ayesa-Arriola R, de la Foz VOG, Murillo-García N, Vázquez-Bourgon J, Juncal-Ruiz M, Gómez-Revuelta M, Suárez-Pinilla P, Setién-Suero E, Crespo-Facorro B. Cognitive reserve as a moderator of outcomes in five clusters of first episode psychosis patients: a 10-year follow-up study of the PAFIP cohort. Psychol Med 2023; 53:1891-1905. [PMID: 37310335 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291721003536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive reserve (CR) has been associated with the development and prognosis of psychosis. Different proxies have been used to estimate CR among individuals. A composite score of these proxies could elucidate the role of CR at illness onset on the variability of clinical and neurocognitive outcomes. METHODS Premorbid intelligence quotient (IQ), years of education and premorbid adjustment were explored as proxies of CR in a large sample (N = 424) of first-episode psychosis (FEP) non-affective patients. Clusters of patients were identified and compared based on premorbid, clinical and neurocognitive variables at baseline. Additionally, the clusters were compared at 3-year (N = 362) and 10-year (N = 150) follow-ups. RESULTS The FEP patients were grouped into five CR clusters: C1 (low premorbid IQ, low education and poor premorbid) 14%; C2 (low premorbid IQ, low education and good premorbid adjustment) 29%; C3 (normal premorbid IQ, low education and poor premorbid adjustment) 17%; C4 (normal premorbid IQ, medium education and good premorbid adjustment) 25%; and C5 (normal premorbid IQ, higher education and good premorbid adjustment) 15%. In general, positive and negative symptoms were more severe in the FEP patients with the lowest CR at baseline and follow-up assessments, while those with high CR presented and maintained higher levels of cognitive functioning. CONCLUSIONS CR could be considered a key factor at illness onset and a moderator of outcomes in FEP patients. A high CR could function as a protective factor against cognitive impairment and severe symptomatology. Clinical interventions focused on increasing CR and documenting long-term benefits are interesting and desirable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ayesa-Arriola
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Victor Ortiz-García de la Foz
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Nancy Murillo-García
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Javier Vázquez-Bourgon
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - María Juncal-Ruiz
- Department of Psychiatry, Sierrallana Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Torrelavega, Spain
| | - Marcos Gómez-Revuelta
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
| | - Paula Suárez-Pinilla
- Department of Psychiatry, Marqués de Valdecilla University Hospital, IDIVAL, School of Medicine, University of Cantabria, Santander, Spain
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Setién-Suero
- Department of Methods and Experimental Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Benedicto Crespo-Facorro
- Centro Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Sevilla, IBiS, Sevilla, Spain
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Chen H, Young A, Oxtoby NP, Barkhof F, Alexander DC, Altmann A. Transferability of Alzheimer's disease progression subtypes to an independent population cohort. Neuroimage 2023; 271:120005. [PMID: 36907283 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
In the past, methods to subtype or biotype patients using brain imaging data have been developed. However, it is unclear whether and how these trained machine learning models can be successfully applied to population cohorts to study the genetic and lifestyle factors underpinning these subtypes. This work, using the Subtype and Stage Inference (SuStaIn) algorithm, examines the generalisability of data-driven Alzheimer's disease (AD) progression models. We first compared SuStaIn models trained separately on Alzheimer's disease neuroimaging initiative (ADNI) data and an AD-at-risk population constructed from the UK Biobank dataset. We further applied data harmonization techniques to remove cohort effects. Next, we built SuStaIn models on the harmonized datasets, which were then used to subtype and stage subjects in the other harmonized dataset. The first key finding is that three consistent atrophy subtypes were found in both datasets, which match the previously identified subtype progression patterns in AD: 'typical', 'cortical' and 'subcortical'. Next, the subtype agreement was further supported by high consistency in individuals' subtypes and stage assignment based on the different models: more than 92% of the subjects, with reliable subtype assignment in both ADNI and UK Biobank dataset, were assigned to an identical subtype under the model built on the different datasets. The successful transferability of AD atrophy progression subtypes across cohorts capturing different phases of disease development enabled further investigations of associations between AD atrophy subtypes and risk factors. Our study showed that (1) the average age is highest in the typical subtype and lowest in the subcortical subtype; (2) the typical subtype is associated with statistically more-AD-like cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers values in comparison to the other two subtypes; and (3) in comparison to the subcortical subtype, the cortical subtype subjects are more likely to associate with prescription of cholesterol and high blood pressure medications. In summary, we presented cross-cohort consistent recovery of AD atrophy subtypes, showing how the same subtypes arise even in cohorts capturing substantially different disease phases. Our study opened opportunities for future detailed investigations of atrophy subtypes with a broad range of early risk factors, which will potentially lead to a better understanding of the disease aetiology and the role of lifestyle and behaviour on AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanyi Chen
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering and Department of Computer Science, University College London, UK
| | - Alexandra Young
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, UK
| | - Neil P Oxtoby
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering and Department of Computer Science, University College London, UK
| | - Frederik Barkhof
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering and Department of Computer Science, University College London, UK; Queen Square Institute of Neurology, University College London, UK; Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel C Alexander
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering and Department of Computer Science, University College London, UK
| | - Andre Altmann
- Centre for Medical Image Computing, Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering and Department of Computer Science, University College London, UK.
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Early- to late-life environmental factors and late-life global cognition in septuagenarian and octogenarians: The SONIC study. Acta Psychol (Amst) 2023; 233:103844. [PMID: 36708625 DOI: 10.1016/j.actpsy.2023.103844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate cognitively stimulating environments throughout life and to examine direct and indirect associations between these environments and late-life cognition. Early-life education, three domains of work complexity (data, people, and things) based on the longest-held occupation, and engagement in late-life leisure activities (LAs) were assessed. A structural equation model was developed using cross-sectional data of 1721 Japanese older adults in 70 ± 1 and 80 ± 1 years. The model confirmed significant direct effects of work complexity with data and late-life LAs on late-life cognitive performance. The associations of education and work complexity with late-life cognition were mediated through the subsequent environment(s). However, the total effects of work complexity with people and things on late-life cognition were insignificant. The findings suggest that cognitively stimulating activities in adulthood and beyond may lead to individual differences in late-life global cognition. In addition, antecedent complex environments might make subsequent life environments more cognitively stimulating. The results are discussed from the perspectives of cognitive plasticity and environmental complexity.
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Zhang W, Feng Q, Fong JH, Chen H. Leisure Participation and Cognitive Impairment Among Healthy Older Adults in China. Res Aging 2023; 45:185-197. [PMID: 35422158 DOI: 10.1177/01640275221082151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Leisure participation is beneficial to various health outcomes. This study examined a comprehensive list of leisure activities in relation to incidence of cognitive impairment among healthy older adults (65+) in China. Using data from the 2002 to 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, we found that most of the leisure activities were protective of cognitive decline and three leisure activities (watching TV, doing housework, and playing cards/mah-jong) stood out as the most important ones. Additionally, our results revealed subgroup variations in the association between leisure participation and cognitive function: Leisure activities such as reading newspapers/books (not significant for the illiterate), gardening (not significant for the illiterate), and regular exercise (not significant for the rural residents) had different effects across different demographic social groups. Our findings suggest that intervention programs designed to prevent cognitive decline for older adults should consider subgroup and cultural variations in order to yield the best outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Sociology, 3949University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Qiushi Feng
- Department of Sociology & Centre for Family and Population Research, 37580National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Joelle H Fong
- Lee Kuan Yew School of Public Policy, 37580National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Huashuai Chen
- School of Business, 12665Xiangtan University, Xiangtan, China
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Zhang Y, Yang X, Guo L, Xu X, Chen B, Ma X, Li Y. The association between leisure activity patterns and the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment in community-dwelling older adults. Front Psychol 2023; 13:1080566. [PMID: 36710853 PMCID: PMC9880281 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1080566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study aimed to identify leisure activity patterns among older adults and explore the differences in the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) of these patterns. Methods A total of 352 older adults aged ≥ 65 years in Shijiazhuang were enrolled in this study from June to September 2021. Their leisure activities and cognition were evaluated. Latent class analysis and logistic regression models were used for analysis. The manuscript was organized according to the STROBE guidelines. Results We identified three latent classes of leisure activities: multidomain activities (MDA) class (55%), self-improvement activities (SIA) class (21%), and family-centered activities (FCA) class (24%). Three latent classes significantly differed in general characteristics (gender, education, and body mass index) and the prevalence of MCI. The prevalence of MCI was 3.694 times higher in older adults in the FCA class than in older adults in the MDA class (OR = 3.694, P < 0.001) and 2.573 times higher in older adults in the SIA class (OR = 2.573, P = 0.036). Conclusion Patterns of low participation in intellectual activities were associated with MCI. Identifying the heterogeneity in leisure activity engagement in later life was critical for tailoring interventions and designing programs that can improve the cognitive function of older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhang
- College of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xinxin Yang
- College of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Linlin Guo
- College of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xinyi Xu
- College of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Bingyu Chen
- Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Department of Anatomy, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Xiaowei Ma
- Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Department of Neurology, Hebei Medical University First Affiliated Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China
| | - Yan Li
- College of Nursing, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Neuroscience Research Center, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,Hebei Key Laboratory of Neurodegenerative Disease Mechanism, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, China,*Correspondence: Yan Li ✉
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Neural Contributions to Reduced Fluid Intelligence across the Adult Lifespan. J Neurosci 2023; 43:293-307. [PMID: 36639907 PMCID: PMC9838706 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.0148-22.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluid intelligence, the ability to solve novel, complex problems, declines steeply during healthy human aging. Using fMRI, fluid intelligence has been repeatedly associated with activation of a frontoparietal brain network, and impairment following focal damage to these regions suggests that fluid intelligence depends on their integrity. It is therefore possible that age-related functional differences in frontoparietal activity contribute to the reduction in fluid intelligence. This paper reports on analysis of the Cambridge Center for Ageing and Neuroscience data, a large, population-based cohort of healthy males and females across the adult lifespan. The data support a model in which age-related differences in fluid intelligence are partially mediated by the responsiveness of frontoparietal regions to novel problem-solving. We first replicate a prior finding of such mediation using an independent sample. We then precisely localize the mediating brain regions, and show that mediation is specifically associated with voxels most activated by cognitive demand, but not with voxels suppressed by cognitive demand. We quantify the robustness of this result to potential unmodeled confounders, and estimate the causal direction of the effects. Finally, exploratory analyses suggest that neural mediation of age-related differences in fluid intelligence is moderated by the variety of regular physical activities, more reliably than by their frequency or duration. An additional moderating role of the variety of nonphysical activities emerged when controlling for head motion. A better understanding of the mechanisms that link healthy aging with lower fluid intelligence may suggest strategies for mitigating such decline.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Global populations are living longer, driving urgency to understand age-related cognitive declines. Fluid intelligence is of prime importance because it reflects performance across many domains, and declines especially steeply during healthy aging. Despite consensus that fluid intelligence is associated with particular frontoparietal brain regions, little research has investigated suggestions that under-responsiveness of these regions mediates age-related decline. We replicate a recent demonstration of such mediation, showing specific association with brain regions most activated by cognitive demand, and robustness to moderate confounding by unmodeled variables. By showing that this mediation model is moderated by the variety of regular physical activities, more reliably than by their frequency or duration, we identify a potential modifiable lifestyle factor that may help promote successful aging.
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Iizuka A, Yamashita M, Ura C, Okamura T. GO Revisited: Qualitative Analysis of the Motivating Factors to Start and Continue Playing GO. J Community Health Nurs 2023; 40:52-63. [PMID: 36602773 DOI: 10.1080/07370016.2022.2119087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To explore the motivating factors for starting and continuing to play GO among older adults, as well as to examine the effect of GO activities in helping people to live well with, as well as to prevent, dementia. DESIGN Qualitative descriptive research. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were conducted. FINDINGS The participants reportedly started playing GO for dementia prevention, and to cope with their anxieties about aging. They described feeling relaxed while playing GO. They also felt that playing GO fostered human relationships. CONCLUSIONS GO is effective in assisting older adults to cope with aging issues, cultivate peace of mind and encourage interaction with peers. CLINICAL EVIDENCE GO is effective in assisting older adults to cope with aging issues, cultivate peace of mind and encourage interaction with peers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ai Iizuka
- Research Team for Social Participation and Community Health, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mari Yamashita
- Integrated Research Initiative for Living Well with Dementia, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chiaki Ura
- Research Team for Promoting Independence of the Elderly, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Okamura
- Research Team for Promoting Independence of the Elderly, Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology, Itabashi-ku, Tokyo, Japan
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Weziak-Bialowolska D, Bialowolski P, Sacco PL. Mind-stimulating leisure activities: Prospective associations with health, wellbeing, and longevity. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1117822. [PMID: 36875413 PMCID: PMC9982162 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1117822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction This study examines prospective associations within a 6-year perspective between three mind-stimulating leisure activities (relaxed and solitary: reading; serious and solitary: doing number and word games; serious and social: playing cards and games) and 21 outcomes in (1) physical health, (2) wellbeing, (3) daily life functioning, (4) cognitive impairment, and (5) longevity domains. Methods Data were obtained from 19,821 middle-aged and older adults from 15 countries participating in the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE). Temporal associations were obtained using generalized estimating equations. All models were controlled for prior sociodemographic, personality, lifestyle factors, health behaviors, and pre-baseline leisure activity values and all outcome variables. The Bonferroni correction was used to correct for multiple testing. E-values were calculated to examine the sensitivity of the associations to unmeasured confounding. Secondary analyses (1) under the complete case scenario, (2) after excluding respondents with health conditions, and (3) using a limited set of covariates were conducted to provide evidence for the robustness of the results. Results The relaxed solitary activity of reading almost daily was prospectively associated with a lower risk of depression, experiencing pain, daily functioning limitations, cognitive impairment, lower loneliness scores, and more favorable wellbeing outcomes. Engaging in serious solitary leisure activities almost daily was prospectively associated with a lower risk of depression, feeling full of energy, and a lower risk of death by any cause. Occasionally engaging in these activities was prospectively associated with greater optimism and a lower risk of cognitive impairment. Engaging in serious social activities was prospectively associated with greater happiness, lower scores on the loneliness scale, a lower risk of Alzheimer's disease, and an increased risk of cancer. Additionally, occasionally engaging in serious social activities was associated with greater optimism and lower risk of depression, pain, and mobility limitations. These associations were independent of demographics, socioeconomic status, personality, history of diseases, and prior lifestyle. The sensitivity analyses provided substantial evidence for the robustness of these associations. Discussion Mind-engaging leisure activities can be considered a health and wellbeing resource. Practitioners may consider them tools that help middle-aged and older adults maintain their health and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Weziak-Bialowolska
- Centre for Evaluation and Analysis of Public Policies, Faculty of Philosophy, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland.,Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Piotr Bialowolski
- Human Flourishing Program, Institute for Quantitative Social Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Department of Economics, Kozminski University, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Pier Luigi Sacco
- Dipartimento di Scienze Filosofiche, Pedagogiche ed Economico-Quantitative, University of Chieti-Pescara, Pescara, Italy.,metaLAB (at) Harvard, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States.,Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche - L'Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale, Naples, Italy
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42
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Yoon SO, Paek EJ. Video Call Usage in Older Adults With or Without Dementia Impacted by the COVID-19 Pandemic. Am J Alzheimers Dis Other Demen 2023; 38:15333175231160679. [PMID: 37173805 PMCID: PMC10185459 DOI: 10.1177/15333175231160679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
The usage of video calls for social connection generally increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. It remains unclear, how individuals with dementia (IWD), many of who already experienced isolation in their care settings, use and perceive video calls, what barriers and benefits exist, and how the COVID-19 pandemic impacted their use of video calls. An online survey was conducted to healthy older adults (OA) and people surrounding IWD as proxies. Both OA and IWD showed increased use of video calls after COVID-19 and the severity of dementia was not correlated with the video call usage among IWD during this period. Both groups perceived significant benefits in using video calls. However, IWD exhibited more difficulties and barriers to using them compared to OA. Given the perceived benefits of video calls to the quality of life in both populations, education and support by family, caregivers, or healthcare professionals are necessary for them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si On Yoon
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA, USA
| | - Eun Jin Paek
- Department of Audiology and Speech Pathology, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Knoxville, TN, USA
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43
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Bielak AAM, Gow AJ. A Decade Later on How to "Use It" So We Don't "Lose It": An Update on the Unanswered Questions about the Influence of Activity Participation on Cognitive Performance in Older Age. Gerontology 2023; 69:336-355. [PMID: 35709704 DOI: 10.1159/000524666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Activity engagement is a modifiable factor that has been widely-cited as being good for the aging brain and cognition and represents a valuable target for reducing dementia risk. However, specific issues about activity engagement (mental, social, and physical) and cognition in older adulthood remain, and Bielak [Gerontology 2010;56: 507-519] reviewed seven major methodological and theoretical questions about this relationship. We present an updated reflection on these key questions, focusing on research published in the last 10 years. For some questions, a significant amount of work has been done and conclusions have become clearer; for others, there have been few additions to the literature and our knowledge remains much the same as it was a decade ago. We review the issues identified in the 2010 paper including the directionality and temporal nature of the relationship; whether specific activity domains offer different benefits to cognition and what domain(s) of cognition are affected; variation in the relation by age, gender, or education; potential mechanisms involved; and how activity engagement is assessed. For each, we present the most up-to-date research, discuss remaining challenges and possible future directions. This formal unifying of the information in the field is intended as a guide to support continued progress by spurring on studies addressing specific questions while reminding researchers of critical issues. We conclude with recommendations that future studies investigating the link between activity engagement and cognitive performance in adulthood should consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison A M Bielak
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
| | - Alan J Gow
- Centre for Applied Behavioural Sciences and Department of Psychology, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
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Keefer A, Steichele K, Graessel E, Prokosch HU, Kolominsky-Rabas PL. Does Voluntary Work Contribute to Cognitive Performance? - An International Systematic Review. J Multidiscip Healthc 2023; 16:1097-1109. [PMID: 37128593 PMCID: PMC10148643 DOI: 10.2147/jmdh.s404880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction There is a need for knowledge on activities that can reduce cognitive decline and dementia risk. Volunteering is a productive activity that entails social, physical, and cognitive functions. Therefore, volunteering could be a protective factor for cognitive loss. Thus, this review aims to examine the associations between volunteering and volunteers' cognition and to identify influencing variables. Methods Six international literature databases were searched for relevant articles published between 2017 and 2021 (ALOIS, CENTRAL, CINAL, Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed). Quantitative studies of all study designs were included. The primary outcome was the volunteers' cognition measured by objective, internationally established psychometric function tests. Two authors independently assessed the eligibility and quality of the studies. A narrative synthesis was performed using all studies included in this review. The methodology was in line with the PRISMA guidelines. Results Fourteen studies met the inclusion criteria and were included. Seven of the included studies confirmed that volunteering positively affects the volunteers' cognitive function. Two other studies identified an association between volunteer activity and volunteers' cognition using cross-sectional measurements. In particular, women and people with a low level of education benefit from the positive effects and associations. The study quality of the included articles was moderate to weak. Discussion Our review suggests that volunteering can improve volunteers' cognition. Unfortunately, little attention is given to specific volunteer activities and the frequency of engagement. Additionally, more attention is needed on various risk factors of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Keefer
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Public Health (IZPH), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
- Correspondence: Anne Keefer, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Interdisciplinary Centre for Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Public Health, Schwabachanlage 6, Erlangen, 91054, Germany, Tel +49 9131 85-35855, Fax +49 9131 85-35854, Email
| | - Kathrin Steichele
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Public Health (IZPH), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Elmar Graessel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Center for Health Services Research in Medicine, Uniklinik Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Hans-Ulrich Prokosch
- Chair of Medical Informatics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Peter L Kolominsky-Rabas
- Interdisciplinary Center for Health Technology Assessment (HTA) and Public Health (IZPH), Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Li X, Zhang J, Hou R, Zheng M, Singh M, Li H, Li C, Zhang X, Yang X, Wu L, Wang Y, Zheng D. Bidirectional associations of intellectual and social activities with cognitive function among middle-aged and elderly adults in China. J Affect Disord 2022; 319:83-89. [PMID: 36116603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.09.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous studies evaluating the association between leisure activities and cognitive function produced conflicting results. Different types of leisure activities may have different effects on cognition, and very few studies have explored their bidirectional associations. Our study aimed to explore whether intellectual and social activities had bidirectional associations with cognitive function among the middle-aged and elderly adults in China. METHODS Data was derived from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study. The data in this study were based on 11,549 participants aged 45 or older whose intellectual and social activities and cognitive function were assessed at baseline. Cross-lagged panel model was used to examine the temporal relationship of intellectual and social activities with cognitive function. RESULTS Totally, 5624 participants completed the third follow-up in 2018. The results showed that the better the cognitive function they had at baseline, the more intellectual activities they were engage in (β = 0.044, P < 0.001) and vice versa (β = 0.042, P = 0.001). Additionally, better cognitive function at baseline was significantly associated with more engagement in social activities (β = 0.028, P = 0.030); in contrast, higher engagement in social activities at baseline was not related to better cognitive function (β = -0.008, P = 0.523). LIMITATIONS Engagement in social and intellectual activities was assessed via questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS Our findings indicated that there was a bidirectional relationship between intellectual activities and cognitive function. However, participation in social activities did not slow down the decline in cognitive function. Participating in intellectual activities, compared to social activities, is especially beneficial for cognitive function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaochun Li
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiajia Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Hou
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Manqi Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Manjot Singh
- Harry Perkins Institute of Medical Research, QEII Medical Centre, Nedlands and Centre for Medical Research, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia; School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, WA, Australia
| | - Haibin Li
- Heart Center & Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Changwei Li
- Department of Epidemiology, Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Sanbo Brain Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinghua Yang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Lijuan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Youxin Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.
| | - Deqiang Zheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China; Center for Primary Health Care Research, Lund University/Region Skåne, Malmö, Sweden.
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Grasset L, Proust-Lima C, Mangin JF, Habert MO, Dubois B, Paquet C, Hanon O, Gabelle A, Ceccaldi M, Annweiler C, David R, Jonveaux T, Belin C, Julian A, Rouch-Leroyer I, Pariente J, Locatelli M, Chupin M, Chêne G, Dufouil C. Explaining the association between social and lifestyle factors and cognitive functions: a pathway analysis in the Memento cohort. Alzheimers Res Ther 2022; 14:68. [PMID: 35585559 PMCID: PMC9115948 DOI: 10.1186/s13195-022-01013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
This work aimed to investigate the potential pathways involved in the association between social and lifestyle factors, biomarkers of Alzheimer’s disease and related dementia (ADRD), and cognition.
Methods
The authors studied 2323 participants from the Memento study, a French nationwide clinical cohort. Social and lifestyle factors were education level, current household incomes, physical activity, leisure activities, and social network from which two continuous latent variables were computed: an early to midlife (EML) and a latelife (LL) indicator. Brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), lumbar puncture, and amyloid-positron emission tomography (PET) were used to define three latent variables: neurodegeneration, small vessel disease (SVD), and AD pathology. Cognitive function was defined as the underlying factor of a latent variable with four cognitive tests. Structural equation models were used to evaluate cross-sectional pathways between social and lifestyle factors and cognition.
Results
Participants’ mean age was 70.9 years old, 62% were women, 28% were apolipoprotein-ε4 carriers, and 59% had a Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) score of 0.5. Higher early to midlife social indicator was only directly associated with better cognitive function (direct β = 0.364 (0.322; 0.405), with no indirect pathway through ADRD biomarkers (total β = 0.392 (0.351; 0.429)). In addition to a direct effect on cognition (direct β = 0.076 (0.033; 0.118)), the association between latelife lifestyle indicator and cognition was also mostly mediated by an indirect effect through lower neurodegeneration (indirect β = 0.066 (0.042; 0.090) and direct β = − 0.116 (− 0.153; − 0.079)), but not through AD pathology nor SVD.
Conclusions
Early to midlife social factors are directly associated with higher cognitive functions. Latelife lifestyle factors may help preserve cognitive functions through lower neurodegeneration.
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Ng TKS, Feng L, Chua RY, Goh LG, Kua EH, Mahendran R. A 5-year community program in Singapore to prevent cognitive decline. Asia Pac Psychiatry 2022; 14:e12518. [PMID: 35922040 DOI: 10.1111/appy.12518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is a scarcity of naturalistic follow-up studies on cognitive stimulating activities (CSAs), particularly in a real-world setting and over long-term. We thus investigated a pooled novel CSA intervention to prevent cognitive decline amongst community-dwelling older adults without dementia. METHODS Nested within a community-based longitudinal follow-up cohort study of community-dwelling and multi-ethnic older adults (N = 991), a subset of the cohort (n = 264) underwent four single-blinded randomized controlled trials involving four novel CSAs, including mindfulness, horticulture, art therapy, and choral singing. At the cohort's 5-year follow-up, we examined if involvements in the CSAs improved cognition, compared to controls (n = 727). The primary outcomes were changes in global cognition and specific cognitive domain scores measured by the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). Exploratory subgroup analyses stratified by baseline cognitive status and the number of CSAs were also conducted. RESULTS Compared to the control group, there was a small improvement in the CSA group on the total MMSE score (d = 0.108) and MMSE-immediate recall score (d = 0.199). Furthermore, subgroup analyses revealed medium effect sizes of improvements (d = 0.420) in cognitive domains in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (vs. cognitively healthy) and those involved in two CSAs (vs. one CSA). DISCUSSION In summary, a CSA intervention improved cognition. MCI and those involved in two CSAs gained greater benefits from the CSAs. These sustained improvements in cognitive functions could have a significant impact on delaying or preventing dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ted Kheng Siang Ng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Arizona State University, Edson College of Nursing and Health Innovation, Phoenix, USA
| | - Lei Feng
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Healthy Longevity Translational Research Programme, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, NUS, Singapore, Singapore.,Centre for Healthy Longevity, NUHS, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ru Yuan Chua
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lee Gan Goh
- Department of Family Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ee Heok Kua
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Rathi Mahendran
- Department of Psychological Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Department of Psychological Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
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Givon Schaham N, Buckman Z, Rand D. The Effect of Daily Practice of Puzzle-Game Apps on Cognition in Two Groups of Older Adults: A Pre-Post Experimental Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:15454. [PMID: 36497527 PMCID: PMC9738569 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192315454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for non-pharmacological cognitive interventions to delay the onset and modify the progression of the cognitive deterioration of older adults with early stages of cognitive decline. 'Tablet Enhancement of Cognition and Health' (TECH) is such an intervention. We aimed to assess the suitability of TECH for older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Specifically, we wanted to explore the feasibility and to determine the initial effectiveness of TECH for older adults with Pre-Mild Cognitive Impairment (pre-MCI) as well as with MCI. This is pre-post experimental design, including two groups of older adults. Feasibility included group session attendance (adherence), self-training time (compliance), and satisfaction from the TECH intervention. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) assessed global cognition and the WebNeuro computerized battery assessed specific cognitive components. Twenty-eight participants with MCI (8 women, aged 65-87), and ten participants with pre-MCI (5 women, aged 65-86) participated in TECH. High adherence, compliance, and satisfaction were reported by both groups. Memory recall improved for the MCI group (z = -2.7 p = 0.006). In addition, for the MoCA an intermediate effect size (Cohen's d = 0.52) and a small effect (Cohen's d = 0.18) were found for the MCI and pre-MCI groups, respectively. Large to small effect size values for WebNeuro cognitive components were found for both groups. Both groups of older adults were motivated, performed daily self-training, which gave them enjoyment and a sense of control. TECH seems to have potential to preserve cognition over time. Additional research with a longer follow-up is needed to determine whether TECH can prevent cognitive decline in older adults with MCI but especially with pre-MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noa Givon Schaham
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
| | - Zvi Buckman
- Maccabi-Healthcare Services, Rishon L’Zion 7526602, Israel
| | - Debbie Rand
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
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Wang Y, Wong R, Amano T, Shen H. Associations between volunteering and cognitive impairment: The moderating role of race/ethnicity. HEALTH & SOCIAL CARE IN THE COMMUNITY 2022; 30:e4433-e4441. [PMID: 35599382 PMCID: PMC10084262 DOI: 10.1111/hsc.13847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Revised: 04/15/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although volunteering has been shown to benefit cognitive health, there is a paucity of evidence on informal volunteering and subjective measures of cognitive impairment. Also, little is known about whether such relationships vary by race/ethnicity. This study aimed to examine the associations of both formal and informal volunteering with older adults' objective and subjective cognition and explore the moderating role of race/ethnicity in such associations. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study in the United States (2010-2016), 9941 older adults (51+) who were cognitively unimpaired in 2010 and alive through 2016 were included. Ordered logistic regression models were performed to assess the relationships among volunteering, cognitive impairment and race/ethnicity. Findings showed that more years of formal and informal volunteering significantly reduced the odds of objective cognitive impairment; neither volunteering type was significant for subjective cognitive impairment. The relationship between informal volunteering and objective cognition varied by race/ethnicity. Compared to non-Hispanic Whites, non-Hispanic Black older adults who engaged in more years of informal volunteering had a significantly higher odds of cognitive impairment over time. The current study is one of the first to look at the associations between informal volunteering and cognition. The inclusion of subjective cognitive impairment, paired with objective measures of cognition, also adds value to the knowledge body. Our findings indicate any type of volunteering is a viable approach to prevent cognitive impairment for older populations. However, more research is needed to better understand why racial/ethnic minority, particularly non-Hispanic Black older adults, do not benefit from informal volunteering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- School of Social WorkUniversity of IowaIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Roger Wong
- Department of Public Health and Preventive MedicineState University of New York Upstate Medical UniversitySyracuseNew YorkUSA
| | - Takashi Amano
- Department of Social WorkRutgers University – NewarkNewarkNew JerseyUSA
| | - Huei‐Wern Shen
- Department of Social WorkUniversity of North TexasDentonTexasUSA
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50
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Szcześniak D, Lenart-Bugla M, Misiak B, Zimny A, Sąsiadek M, Połtyn-Zaradna K, Zatońska K, Zatoński T, Szuba A, Smith EE, Yusuf S, Rymaszewska J. Unraveling the Protective Effects of Cognitive Reserve on Cognition and Brain: A Cross-Sectional Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:12228. [PMID: 36231530 PMCID: PMC9566249 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191912228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the hypothesis that brain maintenance expressed in white matter hyperintensities and brain reserves, defined as gray and white matter volumes, mediate the association between cognitive reserve (CR) and cognitive performance. A cross-sectional population-based observational study was conducted, and the final study sample consisted of 763 participants (282 men and 481 women) with a mean age of 61.11 years (±9.0). Data from different categories were collected from study participants, such as demographic, lifestyle, medical, and psycho-social characteristics. All participants underwent a detailed psychometric evaluation (MoCA and DSST) followed by a brain MRI. Volumetric measurements of the total gray matter (GMvol), total white matter (WMvol), and white matter hyperintensities (WMHvol) were performed using the Computational Anatomy Toolbox 12 (CAT12) and Statistical Parametric Maps 12 (SPM12) based on 3D T1-weighted sequence. Significant direct and indirect effects of cognitive reserve on cognitive functioning were measured with both scales-the MoCA and DSST. In each mediation model, the volumes of WMH and GM were significant mediators for the association between cognitive reserve and cognitive performance. This study confirms the importance of strengthening the cognitive reserve in the course of life through potentially modifiable effects on both cognition and the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorota Szcześniak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marta Lenart-Bugla
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Błażej Misiak
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Anna Zimny
- Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Marek Sąsiadek
- Department of General and Interventional Radiology and Neuroradiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Katarzyna Zatońska
- Department of Social Medicine, Wroclaw Medical University, Bujwida 44, 50-345 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Zatoński
- Department and Clinic of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Szuba
- Department of Angiology, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 213, 50-556 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Eric E. Smith
- Department of Clinical Sciences and Radiology, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Salim Yusuf
- Population Health Research Institute and Department of Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8L 2X2, Canada
| | - Joanna Rymaszewska
- Department of Psychiatry, Wroclaw Medical University, Pasteura 10, 50-367 Wroclaw, Poland
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