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Mo D, Zheng H, Li WZ, Chen L, Tao R, Zhong H, Liu H. A study of somatization symptoms and low-frequency amplitude fluctuations of emotional memory in adolescent depression. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2024; 344:111867. [PMID: 39153231 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2024.111867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/06/2024] [Indexed: 08/19/2024]
Abstract
Studies have revealed that somatization symptoms are associated with emotional memory in adolescents with depressive disorders. This study investigated somatization symptoms and emotional memory among adolescents with depressive disorders using low-frequency amplitude fluctuations (ALFF). Participants were categorized into the somatization symptoms (FSS) group, non-FSS group and healthy control group (HC). The correctness of negative picture re-recognition was higher in the FFS and HC group than in the non-FSS group. The right superior occipital gyrus and right inferior temporal gyrus were significantly larger in the FSS group than those in the non-FSS and HC groups. Additionally, the ALFF in the superior occipital and inferior temporal gyrus were positively correlated with CSI score. Furthermore, the ALFF values in the temporal region positively correlated with correct negative image re-recognition. The negative image re-recognition rate was positively correlated with the ALFF in the left and right middle occipital gyri. These findings indicated that somatization symptoms in adolescent depression are associated with the superior occipital gyrus and inferior temporal gyrus. Notably, somatization symptoms play a role in memory bias within depressive disorders, with middle occipital and inferior temporal gyri potentially serving as significant brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Mo
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorder, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Hongyu Zheng
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorder, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Wen Zheng Li
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorder, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorder, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Tao
- Department of Psychiatry, Chao Hu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorder, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Huanzhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chao Hu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China; Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.
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Millman LSM, Huang X, Wainipitapong S, Medford N, Pick S. Behavioural, autonomic, and neural responsivity in depersonalisation-derealisation disorder: A systematic review of experimental evidence. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2024; 163:105783. [PMID: 38944228 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2024.105783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 04/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/01/2024]
Abstract
Depersonalisation-derealisation disorder (DDD) is characterised by distressing experiences of separation from oneself and/or one's surroundings, potentially resulting from alterations in affective, cognitive, and physiological functions. This systematic review aimed to synthesise current experimental evidence of relevance to proposed mechanisms underlying DDD, to appraise existing theoretical models, and to inform future research and theoretical developments. Studies were included if they tested explicit hypotheses in DDD samples, with experimental manipulations of at least one independent variable, alongside behavioural, subjective, neurological, affective and/or physiological dependent variables. Some evidence for diminished subjective responsivity to aversive images and sounds, and hyperactivation in neurocircuits associated with emotional regulation when viewing aversive images emerged, corroborating neurobiological models of DDD. Inconsistencies were present regarding behavioural and autonomic responsivity to facial expressions, emotional memory, and self-referential processing. Common confounds included small sample sizes, medication, and comorbidities. Alterations in affective reactivity and regulation appear to be present in DDD; however, further research employing more rigorous research designs is required to provide stronger evidence for these possible mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Merritt Millman
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xi Huang
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sorawit Wainipitapong
- Department of Global Health and Social Medicine, King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry and Center of Excellence in Transgender Health, King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital and Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nick Medford
- Lishman Unit, Bethlem Royal Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Susannah Pick
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom.
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Korja R, Nolvi S, Scheinin NM, Tervahartiala K, Carter A, Karlsson H, Kataja EL, Karlsson L. Trajectories of maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms and child's socio-emotional outcome during early childhood. J Affect Disord 2024; 349:625-634. [PMID: 38184113 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.12.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Maternal symptoms of depression and anxiety during pregnancy and early postnatal years are suggested to impose differential negative effects on child's socio-emotional development depending on the characteristics of the symptoms, such as timing, intensity, and persistence. The aim of this study was to identify trajectories of maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms from pregnancy until 2 years postpartum and to examine their relationship with child socio-emotional problems and competence at 2 and 5 years of age. The sample included 1208 mother-infant dyads from FinnBrain Birth Cohort study. Latent growth mixture modelling (LGMM) was utilized to model the trajectories of maternal depressive symptoms, measured using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), and general anxiety, measured with Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) at 14, 24, and 34 weeks' gestation (gw) and at 3, 6 and 24 months postpartum. Maternal depression was also assessed at 12 months. Child socio-emotional problems and competence were evaluated using the Brief Infant Toddler Social Emotional Assessment (BITSEA) at 2 years and Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) at 5 years. Relevant background factors and maternal concurrent symptomatology were controlled for. The trajectories of maternal depressive and anxiety symptoms were associated negatively with differential aspects of child long term socio-emotional outcomes from early toddlerhood to preschool years. The trajectories of depressive symptoms and high-level persistent symptoms that continued from pregnancy to two years of child age had the strongest negative association with child outcomes. This highlights the importance of identifying and treating maternal symptomatology, especially that of depression, as early as possible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Korja
- University of Turku, Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, Turku, Finland; University of Turku, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku, Finland; The Centre of Excellence for Learning Dynamics and Intervention Research (InterLearn), University of Turku, Turku, Finland.
| | - Saara Nolvi
- University of Turku, Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, Turku, Finland; University of Turku, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku, Finland; The Centre of Excellence for Learning Dynamics and Intervention Research (InterLearn), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora M Scheinin
- University of Turku, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, Turku, Finland
| | - Katja Tervahartiala
- University of Turku, Department of Psychology and Speech-Language Pathology, Turku, Finland; University of Turku, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Centre for Population Health Research, Turku, Finland; The Centre of Excellence for Learning Dynamics and Intervention Research (InterLearn), University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Alice Carter
- Psychology Department, University of Massachusetts at Boston, Boston, USA
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- University of Turku, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine, Psychiatry, Turku, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Centre for Population Health Research, Turku, Finland
| | - Eeva-Leena Kataja
- University of Turku, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Centre for Population Health Research, Turku, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- University of Turku, Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Centre for Population Health Research, Turku, Finland; University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Clinical Medicine, Paediatrics and adolescent medicine, Turku, Finland
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Mo D, Guo P, Hu S, Tao R, Zhong H, Liu H. Characteristics and correlation of gray matter volume and somatic symptoms in adolescent patients with depressive disorder. Front Psychiatry 2023; 14:1197854. [PMID: 37559918 PMCID: PMC10407247 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1197854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescent patients with depressive disorders commonly exhibit somatic symptoms, which have a significant negative impact on their treatment and prognosis. Despite this, specific brain imaging characteristics of these symptoms have been poorly studied. Methods The Hamilton Depression Rating scale (HAMD-17), Children's Functional Somatization scale (CSI), and Toronto Alexithymia scale (TAS) were used to evaluate the clinical symptoms of adolescent depression. We analyzed the correlation between brain gray matter volume (GMV) and clinical symptoms in adolescent patients with depression and somatic symptoms. Results The depression subgroups with and without functional somatic symptoms (FSS) had higher scores on the HAMD-17, CSI, and TAS than the normal control group. The group with FSS had higher HAMD-17, CSI, and TAS scores than the depression group without FSS (p < 0.05). CSI and TAS scores were positively correlated (r = 0.378, p < 0.05). The GMV of the right supplementary motor area was higher in the depression groups with and without FSSs than in the normal control group, and the GMV was higher in the group without FSS than in the group with FSS (F = 29.394, p < 0.05). The GMV of the right supplementary motor area was negatively correlated with CSI in the depressed group with FSS (r = -0.376, p < 0.05). In the group with depression exhibiting FSS, CSI scores were positively correlated with GMV of the middle occipital gyrus (pr = 0.665, p = 0.0001), and TAS scores were positively correlated with GMV of the caudate nucleus (pr = 0.551, p = 0.001). Conclusion Somatic symptoms of adolescent depressive disorder are associated with alexithymia; moreover, somatic symptoms and alexithymia in adolescent patients with depressive disorders are correlated with GMV changes in different brain regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daming Mo
- Department of Psychiatry, Chao hu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorder, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Pengfei Guo
- Department of Psychiatry, Hangzhou Seventh People’s Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shuwen Hu
- Clinical Psychological Science, Anhui Provincial Children’s Hospital, Hefei, China
| | - Rui Tao
- Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Hui Zhong
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Disorder, Affiliated Psychological Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei, China
| | - Huanzhong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Chao hu Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Mental Health and Psychological Sciences, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
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Dissociative experiences among Lebanese university students: Association with mental health issues, the economic crisis, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Beirut port explosion. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277883. [PMID: 36399459 PMCID: PMC9674130 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dissociative experiences are psychological manifestations characterized by a loss of connection and continuity between thoughts, emotions, environment, behavior, and identity. Lebanon has been facing indescribable events in the last few years, including the COVID-19 pandemic, the Beirut explosion, a crushing economic crisis with the highest inflation rate the country has known in over three decades. The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between dissociative experiences and post-traumatic stress symptoms from the economic crisis, the Beirut blast, the COVID-19 pandemic, and other mental health issues in a sample of Lebanese university students. METHODS This cross-sectional study enrolled 419 active university students (18-35 years) from all over Lebanon (May and August 2021). The respondents received the online soft copy of a survey by a snowball sampling technique through social media and messaging apps. The questionnaire included sociodemographic data, the Dissociative Experience Scale (DES-II), the PTSD Checklist Specific Version (PCL-S), the Financial Wellbeing Scale, the Beirut Distress Scale, the Lebanese Anxiety Scale, the Patient Health Questionnaire. RESULTS The two-factor model of the DES fitted best according to CFI, RMSEA and χ2/df values, but modestly according to TLI. The two factors were absorption and amnesia/depersonalization. Higher stress (Beta = 0.95) and more PTSD from the Beirut blast (Beta = 0.29) and from the economic crisis (Beta = 0.23) were significantly associated with more absorption. A personal history of depression (Beta = 6.03), higher stress (Beta = 0.36) and more PTSD from the Beirut blast (Beta = 0.27) and from the COVID-19 pandemic (Beta = 0.16) were significantly associated with more amnesia/depersonalization. CONCLUSION Significant rates of dissociative experiences and their sub-manifestations (amnesia/depersonalization and absorption) were found among Lebanese university students, with remarkable co-occurrence of a traumatic/stressful pattern, whether on an individual (history of PTSD) or a collective level (Post-traumatic manifestations from Beirut blast, COVID-19 pandemic and/or economic crisis), or whether correlated to an acute single event or to certain chronic stressors, or even to a personal history of depression. Such findings must raise the attention to serious mental and psychosocial alteration in the Lebanese national identity.
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Stoliker D, Egan GF, Friston KJ, Razi A. Neural Mechanisms and Psychology of Psychedelic Ego Dissolution. Pharmacol Rev 2022; 74:876-917. [PMID: 36786290 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.121.000508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 06/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Neuroimaging studies of psychedelics have advanced our understanding of hierarchical brain organization and the mechanisms underlying their subjective and therapeutic effects. The primary mechanism of action of classic psychedelics is binding to serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors. Agonist activity at these receptors leads to neuromodulatory changes in synaptic efficacy that can have a profound effect on hierarchical message-passing in the brain. Here, we review the cognitive and neuroimaging evidence for the effects of psychedelics: in particular, their influence on selfhood and subject-object boundaries-known as ego dissolution-surmised to underwrite their subjective and therapeutic effects. Agonism of 5-HT2A receptors, located at the apex of the cortical hierarchy, may have a particularly powerful effect on sentience and consciousness. These effects can endure well after the pharmacological half-life, suggesting that psychedelics may have effects on neural plasticity that may play a role in their therapeutic efficacy. Psychologically, this may be accompanied by a disarming of ego resistance that increases the repertoire of perceptual hypotheses and affords alternate pathways for thought and behavior, including those that undergird selfhood. We consider the interaction between serotonergic neuromodulation and sentience through the lens of hierarchical predictive coding, which speaks to the value of psychedelics in understanding how we make sense of the world and specific predictions about effective connectivity in cortical hierarchies that can be tested using functional neuroimaging. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: Classic psychedelics bind to serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors. Their agonist activity at these receptors leads to neuromodulatory changes in synaptic efficacy, resulting in a profound effect on information processing in the brain. Here, we synthesize an abundance of brain imaging research with pharmacological and psychological interpretations informed by the framework of predictive coding. Moreover, predictive coding is suggested to offer more sophisticated interpretations of neuroimaging findings by bridging the role between the 5-HT2A receptors and large-scale brain networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon Stoliker
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health (D.S., G.F.E., A.R.) and Monash Biomedical Imaging (G.F.E., A.R.), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL, London, United Kingdom (K.J.F., A.R.); and CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholar, CIFAR, Toronto, Canada (A.R.)
| | - Gary F Egan
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health (D.S., G.F.E., A.R.) and Monash Biomedical Imaging (G.F.E., A.R.), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL, London, United Kingdom (K.J.F., A.R.); and CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholar, CIFAR, Toronto, Canada (A.R.)
| | - Karl J Friston
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health (D.S., G.F.E., A.R.) and Monash Biomedical Imaging (G.F.E., A.R.), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL, London, United Kingdom (K.J.F., A.R.); and CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholar, CIFAR, Toronto, Canada (A.R.)
| | - Adeel Razi
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health (D.S., G.F.E., A.R.) and Monash Biomedical Imaging (G.F.E., A.R.), Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Wellcome Centre for Human Neuroimaging, UCL, London, United Kingdom (K.J.F., A.R.); and CIFAR Azrieli Global Scholar, CIFAR, Toronto, Canada (A.R.)
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Ciaunica A, Pienkos E, Nakul E, Madeira L, Farmer H. Exploration of self- and world experiences in depersonalization traits. PHILOSOPHICAL PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/09515089.2022.2056009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Ciaunica
- Institute of Philosophy, University of Porto, via Panoramica s/n 4150-564 Porto, Portugal
- Institute of Cognitive Neuroscience, University College London, WC1N 3AR London, UK
- Centre for Philosophy of Science, University of Lisbon, Campo Gra, 1749-016 Lisbon, Portugal
| | | | - Estelle Nakul
- Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, LNC, FR3C, Marseille, France
| | - Luis Madeira
- Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Harry Farmer
- School of Human Sciences, University of Greenwich, UK
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Taylor JE, Yamada T, Kawashima T, Kobayashi Y, Yoshihara Y, Miyata J, Murai T, Kawato M, Motegi T. Depressive symptoms reduce when dorsolateral prefrontal cortex-precuneus connectivity normalizes after functional connectivity neurofeedback. Sci Rep 2022; 12:2581. [PMID: 35173179 PMCID: PMC8850610 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05860-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Depressive disorders contribute heavily to global disease burden; This is possibly because patients are often treated homogeneously, despite having heterogeneous symptoms with differing underlying neural mechanisms. A novel treatment that can directly influence the neural circuit relevant to an individual patient's subset of symptoms might more precisely and thus effectively aid in the alleviation of their specific symptoms. We tested this hypothesis in a proof-of-concept study using fMRI functional connectivity neurofeedback. We targeted connectivity between the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex/middle frontal gyrus and the left precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex, because this connection has been well-established as relating to a specific subset of depressive symptoms. Specifically, this connectivity has been shown in a data-driven manner to be less anticorrelated in patients with melancholic depression than in healthy controls. Furthermore, a posterior cingulate dominant state-which results in a loss of this anticorrelation-is expected to specifically relate to an increase in rumination symptoms such as brooding. In line with predictions, we found that, with neurofeedback training, the more a participant normalized this connectivity (restored the anticorrelation), the more related (depressive and brooding symptoms), but not unrelated (trait anxiety), symptoms were reduced. Because these results look promising, this paradigm next needs to be examined with a greater sample size and with better controls. Nonetheless, here we provide preliminary evidence for a correlation between the normalization of a neural network and a reduction in related symptoms. Showing their reproducibility, these results were found in two experiments that took place several years apart by different experimenters. Indicative of its potential clinical utility, effects of this treatment remained one-two months later.Clinical trial registration: Both experiments reported here were registered clinical trials (UMIN000015249, jRCTs052180169).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Elizabeth Taylor
- Department of Decoded Neurofeedback (DecNef), Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Hikaridai 2-2-2. Seika-cho, Soraku, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan
| | - Takashi Yamada
- Department of Decoded Neurofeedback (DecNef), Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Hikaridai 2-2-2. Seika-cho, Soraku, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan.,Department of Cognitive, Linguistic and Psychological Sciences, Brown University, Providence, USA.,Medical Institute of Developmental Disabilities Research, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiko Kawashima
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuko Kobayashi
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yujiro Yoshihara
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Jun Miyata
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Toshiya Murai
- Department of Psychiatry, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mitsuo Kawato
- Department of Decoded Neurofeedback (DecNef), Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Hikaridai 2-2-2. Seika-cho, Soraku, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Motegi
- Department of Decoded Neurofeedback (DecNef), Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Advanced Telecommunications Research Institute International (ATR), Hikaridai 2-2-2. Seika-cho, Soraku, Kyoto, 619-0237, Japan. .,Department of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Gunma University Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma, Japan.
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Sanni KR, Eeva E, Noora SM, Laura KS, Linnea K, Hasse K. The influence of maternal psychological distress on the mode of birth and duration of labor: findings from the FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study. Arch Womens Ment Health 2022; 25:463-472. [PMID: 35150311 PMCID: PMC8921080 DOI: 10.1007/s00737-022-01212-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Antepartum depression, general anxiety symptoms, and pregnancy-related anxiety have been recognized to affect pregnancy outcomes. Systematic reviews on these associations lack consistent findings, which is why further research is required. We examined the associations between psychological distress, mode of birth, epidural analgesia, and duration of labor. Data from 3619 women with singleton pregnancies, from the population-based FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study were analyzed. Maternal psychological distress was measured during pregnancy at 24 and 34 weeks, using the Pregnancy-Related Anxiety Questionnaire-Revised 2 (PRAQ-R2) and its subscale "Fear of Giving Birth" (FOC), the anxiety subscale of the Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90) and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS). Mode of birth, epidural analgesia, and labor duration were obtained from the Finnish Medical Birth Register. Maternal psychological distress, when captured with PRAQ-R2, FOC, and SCL-90, increased the likelihood of women having an elective cesarean section (OR: 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.06, p = .003; OR: 1.13, 95% CI 1.07-1.20, p < .001; OR: 1.06, 95% CI 1.03-1.10, p = .001), but no association was detected for instrumental delivery or emergency cesarean section. A rise in both the PRAQ-R2, and FOC measurements increased the likelihood of an epidural analgesia (OR: 1.02, 95% CI 1.01-1.03, p = .003; OR: 1.09, 95% CI 1.05-1.12, p < .001) and predicted longer second stage of labor (OR: 1.01, 95% CI 1.00-1.01, p = .023; OR: 1.03, 95% CI 1.02-1.05, p < .001). EPDS did not predict any of the analyzed outcomes. The results indicate that maternal anxiety symptoms (measured using PRAQ-R2, FOC, and SCL-90) are associated with elective cesarean section. Psychological distress increases the use of epidural analgesia, but is not associated with complicated vaginal birth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuuri-Riutta Sanni
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3a, Building: Teutori, 20014, Turku, Finland.
| | - Ekholm Eeva
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3a, Building: Teutori, 20014 Turku, Finland ,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Scheinin M. Noora
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3a, Building: Teutori, 20014 Turku, Finland ,Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Korhonen S. Laura
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3a, Building: Teutori, 20014 Turku, Finland ,Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Karlsson Linnea
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3a, Building: Teutori, 20014 Turku, Finland ,Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | - Karlsson Hasse
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, University of Turku, Lemminkäisenkatu 3a, Building: Teutori, 20014 Turku, Finland ,Department of Psychiatry, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland ,Centre for Population Health Research, Turku University Hospital and University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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10
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Roydeva MI, Reinders AATS. Biomarkers of Pathological Dissociation: A Systematic Review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 123:120-202. [PMID: 33271160 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pathological dissociation is a severe, debilitating and transdiagnostic psychiatric symptom. This review identifies biomarkers of pathological dissociation in a transdiagnostic manner to recommend the most promising research and treatment pathways in support of the precision medicine framework. A total of 205 unique studies that met inclusion criteria were included. Studies were divided into four biomarker categories, namely neuroimaging, psychobiological, psychophysiological and genetic biomarkers. The dorsomedial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, bilateral superior frontal regions, (anterior) cingulate, posterior association areas and basal ganglia are identified as neurofunctional biomarkers of pathological dissociation and decreased hippocampal, basal ganglia and thalamic volumes as neurostructural biomarkers. Increased oxytocin and prolactin and decreased tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) are identified as psychobiological markers. Psychophysiological biomarkers, including blood pressure, heart rate and skin conductance, were inconclusive. For the genetic biomarker category studies related to dissociation were limited and no clear directionality of effect was found to warrant identification of a genetic biomarker. Recommendations for future research pathways and possible clinical applicability are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika I Roydeva
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom
| | - Antje A T S Reinders
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, United Kingdom.
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11
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Mason NL, Kuypers KPC, Müller F, Reckweg J, Tse DHY, Toennes SW, Hutten NRPW, Jansen JFA, Stiers P, Feilding A, Ramaekers JG. Me, myself, bye: regional alterations in glutamate and the experience of ego dissolution with psilocybin. Neuropsychopharmacology 2020; 45:2003-2011. [PMID: 32446245 PMCID: PMC7547711 DOI: 10.1038/s41386-020-0718-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
There is growing interest in the therapeutic utility of psychedelic substances, like psilocybin, for disorders characterized by distortions of the self-experience, like depression. Accumulating preclinical evidence emphasizes the role of the glutamate system in the acute action of the drug on brain and behavior; however this has never been tested in humans. Following a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group design, we utilized an ultra-high field multimodal brain imaging approach and demonstrated that psilocybin (0.17 mg/kg) induced region-dependent alterations in glutamate, which predicted distortions in the subjective experience of one's self (ego dissolution). Whereas higher levels of medial prefrontal cortical glutamate were associated with negatively experienced ego dissolution, lower levels in hippocampal glutamate were associated with positively experienced ego dissolution. Such findings provide further insights into the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of the psychedelic, as well as the baseline, state. Importantly, they may also provide a neurochemical basis for therapeutic effects as witnessed in ongoing clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- N L Mason
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - K P C Kuypers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - F Müller
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK), University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - J Reckweg
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - D H Y Tse
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - S W Toennes
- Institute of Legal Medicine, University of Frankfurt, Kennedyallee 104, D-60596, Frankfurt/Main, Germany
| | - N R P W Hutten
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - J F A Jansen
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+ (MUMC+), Maastricht, the Netherlands
- School for Mental Health and Neuroscience, Maastricht University Medical Center, P. Debyelaan 25, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - P Stiers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands
| | - A Feilding
- The Beckley Foundation, Beckley Park, Oxford, OX3 9SY, UK
| | - J G Ramaekers
- Department of Neuropsychology and Psychopharmacology, Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, the Netherlands.
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12
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Su Q, Yu M, Liu F, Li Y, Li D, Deng M, Lu J, Wu C, Guo W. Abnormal Functional Asymmetry in the Salience and Auditory Networks in First-episode, Drug-naive Somatization Disorder. Neuroscience 2020; 444:1-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.07.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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13
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Zhao J, Su Q, Liu F, Zhang Z, Yang R, Guo W, Zhao J. Enhanced Connectivity of Thalamo-Cortical Networks in First-Episode, Treatment-Naive Somatization Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:555836. [PMID: 33061917 PMCID: PMC7518236 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.555836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunctions of the thalamus and its projections to cortical cortices have been implicated in patient with somatization disorder (SD). However, changes in the anatomical specificity of thalamo-cortical functional connectivity (FC) in SD remain unclear. METHODS Resting-state fMRI scans were collected in 25 first-episode, drug-naive patients with SD, as well as 28 sex-, age-, and education-matched healthy controls. We parcellated the thalamus with seven predefined regions of interest (ROIs) and used them as seeds to map whole-brain FC. Correlation analysis was conducted in the patients. RESULTS We found an increased pattern of thalamic ROI-cortex connectivity in patients with SD. Patients with SD demonstrated enhanced thalamic connectivity to the bilateral anterior/middle cingulum, motor/sensory cortex, visual cortex, and auditory cortex. A significantly negative correlation was found between the right occipital thalamic ROI to the anterior cingulum and EPQ extraversion scores (r=0.404, p=0.045) after the Benjamini-Hochberg correction. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates that anatomical specificity of enhanced thalamo-cortical FCs exists in first-episode, drug-naive patients with SD. These findings further highlight the importance of the thalamic subregions in the pathophysiology of SD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Psychiatry, Henan Mental Hospital, Second Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Qinji Su
- Mental Health Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Zhikun Zhang
- Mental Health Center, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Ru Yang
- Department of Radiology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Psychiatry, The Third People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, China
| | - Jingping Zhao
- National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders, and Department of Psychiatry, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
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14
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Paul ER, Farmer M, Kämpe R, Cremers HR, Hamilton JP. Functional Connectivity Between Extrastriate Body Area and Default Mode Network Predicts Depersonalization Symptoms in Major Depression: Findings From an A Priori Specified Multinetwork Comparison. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:627-635. [PMID: 31103548 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 03/13/2019] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depersonalization/derealization disorder is a dissociative disorder characterized by feelings of unreality and detachment from the self and surroundings. Depersonalization/derealization disorder is classified as a primary disorder, but depersonalization symptoms are frequently observed in mood and anxiety disorders. In the context of major depressive disorder (MDD), depersonalization symptoms are associated with greater depressive severity as indexed by treatment resistance, inpatient visits, and duration of depressive episodes. In the current investigation, we tested four network-based, neural-functional hypotheses of depersonalization in MDD. These hypotheses were framed in terms of functional relationships between 1) extrastriate body area and default mode network (DMN); 2) hippocampus and DMN; 3) medial prefrontal cortex and ventral striatum; and 4) posterior and anterior insular cortex. METHODS We conducted functional magnetic resonance imaging during resting state on 28 female patients with MDD and 27 control subjects with no history of a psychiatric disorder. Functional connectivity between seed and target regions as specified by our network-level hypotheses was computed and correlated with scores on the Cambridge Depersonalization Scale. We used a conservative, unbiased bootstrapping procedure to test the significance of neural-behavioral correlations observed under each of the four models tested. RESULTS Of the four neural-functional models of depersonalization symptoms tested, only the model proposing that reduced connectivity between the extrastriate body area and DMN predicts higher levels of depersonalization symptoms in MDD was confirmed. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that depersonalization/derealization disorder symptoms in patients with depression are related to reduced functional connectivity between brain regions that are proposed to support processing of body-related (extrastriate body area) and autobiographical (DMN) information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabeth R Paul
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Madison Farmer
- Department of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, Roosevelt University, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Robin Kämpe
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Henk R Cremers
- Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J Paul Hamilton
- Center for Social and Affective Neuroscience, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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15
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Chefetz RA. Psycho-Neurobiology and Its Potential Influence on Psychotherapy: Being, Doing, and the Risk of Scientism. Psychodyn Psychiatry 2019; 47:53-80. [PMID: 30840558 DOI: 10.1521/pdps.2019.47.1.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Neuroscientific information may transform the modern practice of psychotherapy. Still we must pay heed to the most salient of the common factors generating therapeutic change: the relationship between patient and therapist. Likewise, brain and body are both part of mind and we ignore this at our clinical peril. Research on affective, cognitive, mnemic, somatic, psychophysiologic, developmental, and integrative mental processes, amongst others, must hold to a high standard of translation from basic scientific findings or we risk practicing a psychotherapy enslaved to an authoritarian scientism as a substitute for the creation of unfettered intimacy and engagement. A balanced approach is required if in trauma treatment, for example, we are to be both potential beneficiaries of understanding what is in our human heads while not losing track of our very human hearts. Each clinician need develop a basic knowledge of neuroscience in order to critically assess the meanings of new findings and their proper place in the practice of all the psychotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard A Chefetz
- Psychiatrist in private practice in Washington, D.C. He was President of the International Society for the Study of Trauma and Dissociation (2002-2003), and is a Distinguished Visiting Lecturer at the William Alanson White Institute of Psychiatry, Psychoanalysis, and Psychology. He is a faculty member at the Washington School of Psychiatry, the Institute of Contemporary Psychotherapy & Psychoanalysis, and the Washington-Baltimore Center for Psychoanalysis
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16
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Korja R, Nolvi S, Kataja EL, Scheinin N, Junttila N, Lahtinen H, Saarni S, Karlsson L, Karlsson H. The courses of maternal and paternal depressive and anxiety symptoms during the prenatal period in the FinnBrain Birth Cohort study. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0207856. [PMID: 30557345 PMCID: PMC6296666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0207856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Maternal prenatal symptoms of depression and anxiety have been suggested to impose differential effects on later offspring development, depending on their characteristics, such as timing, intensity and persistence. Paternal symptoms have been less investigated. While knowledge on these trajectory characteristics is essential for improved comprehension of prenatal stress, prospective studies including both expecting parents have been scarce. We aim at identifying and comparing the trajectories of prenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms in both parents in a pregnancy cohort design. The sample included 3202 mothers and 2076 fathers who were recruited to the FinnBrain Birth Cohort study (www.finnbrain.fi). Depressive symptoms were assessed using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) and general anxiety by the anxiety scale of the Symptom Checklist -90 (SCL-90) repeatedly at 14, 24, and 34 gestational weeks. Five differential depressive and four anxiety symptom trajectories were identified across pregnancy both in mothers and in fathers. The trajectories of consistently low depressive or anxiety symptoms were associated with higher educational level in both parents, and with nulliparity and non-smoking during pregnancy in mothers. Parents with consistently high or increasing levels of symptoms had more often prenatal SSRI medication. The congruences between elevated depressive and anxiety symptoms at any point in pregnancy, as well as parental trajectories within families were low. However, in this population-based sample, the self-reported symptom levels of both parents were generally very low. Variance in timing and persistence of parent-reported prenatal depressive and anxiety symptoms is potentially important, while symptom trajectories are very similar in mothers and fathers. These differential symptom trajectories and the significance of their correlates should be acknowledged when studying prenatal stress exposures and the related outcomes in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Korja
- University of Turku, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku, Finland
- University of Turku, Department of Psychology, Turku, Finland
| | - Saara Nolvi
- University of Turku, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku, Finland
| | - Eeva-Leena Kataja
- University of Turku, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku, Finland
- University of Turku, Department of Psychology, Turku, Finland
| | - Noora Scheinin
- University of Turku, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku, Finland
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Turku, Finland
| | - Niina Junttila
- University of Turku, Department of Teacher Education, Turku, Finland
| | - Henna Lahtinen
- University of Turku, Department of Psychology, Turku, Finland
| | - Suoma Saarni
- University of Turku, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku, Finland
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Turku, Finland
- Helsinki University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Linnea Karlsson
- University of Turku, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku, Finland
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Department of Child Psychiatry, Turku, Finland
| | - Hasse Karlsson
- University of Turku, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Turku Brain and Mind Center, FinnBrain Birth Cohort Study, Turku, Finland
- University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Department of Psychiatry, Turku, Finland
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17
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Yıldırım A, Boysan M, Kefeli MC. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). BRITISH JOURNAL OF GUIDANCE & COUNSELLING 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/03069885.2018.1442558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdullah Yıldırım
- Department of Psychiatry, Kahramanmaraş Sütçü İmam University School of Medicine, Kahramanmaraş, Turkey
| | - Murat Boysan
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Celal Kefeli
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Yüzüncü Yıl University, Van, Turkey
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18
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Xu Z, Zhang S, Huang L, Zhu X, Zhao Q, Zeng Y, Zhou D, Wang D, Kuga H, Kamiya A, Qu M. Altered Resting-State Brain Activities in Drug-Naïve Major Depressive Disorder Assessed by fMRI: Associations With Somatic Symptoms Defined by Yin- Yang Theory of the Traditional Chinese Medicine. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:195. [PMID: 29867614 PMCID: PMC5962703 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of biological markers for defining subtypes of major depressive disorder (MDD) is critical for better understanding MDD pathophysiology and finding effective treatment intervention. The "Yin and Yang" theory is a fundamental concept of traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). The theory differentiates MDD patients into two subtypes, Yin and Yang, based on their somatic symptoms, which had empirically been used for the delivery of effective treatment in East Asia. Nonetheless, neural processes underlying Yin and Yang types in MDD are poorly understood. In this study, we aim to provide physiological evidence using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to identify altered resting-state brain activity associated with Yin and Yang types in drug-naïve MDD patients. The Yin type and Yang type MDD patients showed increased amplitude of low-frequency fluctuation (ALFF) in different cortical brain areas in the parietal, temporal, and frontal lobe, compared to matched healthy controls. Differential ALFF is also observed in several cortical areas in frontal lobe and insula between Yin and Yang type group. Of note, although ALFF is increased in the inferior parietal lobe in both Yin and Yang type group, inferior parietal lobe-centered functional connectivity (FC) is increased in Yang type, but is decreased in Ying type, compared with matched healthy controls. These results suggest that differential resting-state brain activity and functional connectivity in Yin and Yang types may contribute to biological measures for better stratification of heterogeneous MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhexue Xu
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Fengtai Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine Hospital of Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Liyuan Huang
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaolei Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Qing Zhao
- School of Applied Psychology and Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Yawei Zeng
- Department of Radiology, People's Liberation Army No.306 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhou
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Peking University Sixth Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Di Wang
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Beijing Anding Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Hironori Kuga
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States.,Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Atsushi Kamiya
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Miao Qu
- Department of Neurology, Xuan Wu Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Third Affiliated Hospital, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
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19
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Millière R. Looking for the Self: Phenomenology, Neurophysiology and Philosophical Significance of Drug-induced Ego Dissolution. Front Hum Neurosci 2017; 11:245. [PMID: 28588463 PMCID: PMC5441112 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2017.00245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
There is converging evidence that high doses of hallucinogenic drugs can produce significant alterations of self-experience, described as the dissolution of the sense of self and the loss of boundaries between self and world. This article discusses the relevance of this phenomenon, known as “drug-induced ego dissolution (DIED)”, for cognitive neuroscience, psychology and philosophy of mind. Data from self-report questionnaires suggest that three neuropharmacological classes of drugs can induce ego dissolution: classical psychedelics, dissociative anesthetics and agonists of the kappa opioid receptor (KOR). While these substances act on different neurotransmitter receptors, they all produce strong subjective effects that can be compared to the symptoms of acute psychosis, including ego dissolution. It has been suggested that neuroimaging of DIED can indirectly shed light on the neural correlates of the self. While this line of inquiry is promising, its results must be interpreted with caution. First, neural correlates of ego dissolution might reveal the necessary neurophysiological conditions for the maintenance of the sense of self, but it is more doubtful that this method can reveal its minimally sufficient conditions. Second, it is necessary to define the relevant notion of self at play in the phenomenon of DIED. This article suggests that DIED consists in the disruption of subpersonal processes underlying the “minimal” or “embodied” self, i.e., the basic experience of being a self rooted in multimodal integration of self-related stimuli. This hypothesis is consistent with Bayesian models of phenomenal selfhood, according to which the subjective structure of conscious experience ultimately results from the optimization of predictions in perception and action. Finally, it is argued that DIED is also of particular interest for philosophy of mind. On the one hand, it challenges theories according to which consciousness always involves self-awareness. On the other hand, it suggests that ordinary conscious experience might involve a minimal kind of self-awareness rooted in multisensory processing, which is what appears to fade away during DIED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Millière
- Faculty of Philosophy, University of OxfordOxford, United Kingdom
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20
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Li Q, Xiao Y, Li Y, Li L, Lu N, Xu Z, Mou X, Mao S, Wang W, Yuan Y. Altered regional brain function in the treatment-naive patients with somatic symptom disorder: a resting-state fMRI study. Brain Behav 2016; 6:e00521. [PMID: 27781136 PMCID: PMC5064334 DOI: 10.1002/brb3.521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2015] [Revised: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Somatic symptom disorder (SSD) is an illness that occurs over a long time and results in significant disruption in daily life. Clinically, SSD patients typically express complaints that involve a variety of organ systems. However, the neural mechanism of SSD remains poorly understood. METHODS Using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we investigated the characteristics of the regional basal brain function during resting state in patients with SSD. Eleven treatment-naïve SSD patients and 12 age-matched healthy controls were recruited in this study. Between-group differences in regional homogeneity values were analyzed. RESULTS Compared with the healthy control group, the SSD group showed significant increases in regional homogeneity values in the right medial prefrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and supramarginal gyrus, and significant decreases in the bilateral middle occipital gyrus, superior occipital gyrus and right cuneus and left postcentral gyrus and cerebellum. Meanwhile, the regional homogeneity value of the right medial prefrontal cortex positively correlated with the total duration of SSD. CONCLUSIONS The abnormal resting-state patterns in regional brain activity may contribute to understanding the mechanism of SSD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Li
- Department of Radiology Tangdu Hospital the Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Yong Xiao
- Department of Neurosurgery Fuzhou General Hospital Xiamen University Fuzhou China
| | - Yinghui Li
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry Affiliated Zhongda Hospital Medical School of Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry Affiliated Zhongda Hospital Medical School of Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Na Lu
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry Affiliated Zhongda Hospital Medical School of Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Zhi Xu
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry Affiliated Zhongda Hospital Medical School of Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Xiaodong Mou
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry Affiliated Zhongda Hospital Medical School of Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Shenqin Mao
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry Affiliated Zhongda Hospital Medical School of Southeast University Nanjing China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology Tangdu Hospital the Fourth Military Medical University Xi'an China
| | - Yonggui Yuan
- Department of Psychosomatics and Psychiatry Affiliated Zhongda Hospital Medical School of Southeast University Nanjing China
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21
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Hu J, Lee D, Hu S, Zhang S, Chao H, Li CSR. Individual variation in the neural processes of motor decisions in the stop signal task: the influence of novelty seeking and harm avoidance personality traits. Brain Struct Funct 2016; 221:2607-18. [PMID: 25989852 PMCID: PMC4654717 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-015-1061-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Personality traits contribute to variation in human behavior, including the propensity to take risk. Extant work targeted risk-taking processes with an explicit manipulation of reward, but it remains unclear whether personality traits influence simple decisions such as speeded versus delayed responses during cognitive control. We explored this issue in an fMRI study of the stop signal task, in which participants varied in response time trial by trial, speeding up and risking a stop error or slowing down to avoid errors. Regional brain activations to speeded versus delayed motor responses (risk-taking) were correlated to novelty seeking (NS), harm avoidance (HA) and reward dependence (RD), with age and gender as covariates, in a whole brain regression. At a corrected threshold, the results showed a positive correlation between NS and risk-taking responses in the dorsomedial prefrontal, bilateral orbitofrontal, and frontopolar cortex, and between HA and risk-taking responses in the parahippocampal gyrus and putamen. No regional activations varied with RD. These findings demonstrate that personality traits influence the neural processes of executive control beyond behavioral tasks that involve explicit monetary reward. The results also speak broadly to the importance of characterizing inter-subject variation in studies of cognition and brain functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- School of Psychology, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510631, Guangdong, China
| | - Dianne Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Radiology and Imaging Sciences, National Institutes of Health/Clinical Center, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Sien Hu
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
| | - Herta Chao
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA
- Medical Service, VA Connecticut Health Care Systems, West Haven, CT, 06516, USA
| | - Chiang-Shan R Li
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
- Department of Neurobiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
- Interdepartmental Neuroscience Program, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, 06519, USA.
- Connecticut Mental Health Center, S112, 34 Park Street, New Haven, CT, 06519-1109, USA.
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What Happens in Your Brain During Mental Dissociation? A Quest Towards Neural Markers of a Unified Sense of Self. Curr Behav Neurosci Rep 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40473-016-0063-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Gawda B, Szepietowska E. Trait Anxiety Modulates Brain Activity during Performance of Verbal Fluency Tasks. Front Behav Neurosci 2016; 10:10. [PMID: 26903827 PMCID: PMC4748034 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2016.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Accepted: 01/25/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Trait anxiety is thought to be associated with pathological anxiety, and a risk factor for psychiatric disorders. The present study examines the brain mechanisms associated with trait anxiety during the performing of verbal fluency tasks. The aim is to show how trait anxiety modulates executive functions as measured by verbal fluency, and to explore the link between verbal fluency and anxiety due to the putative negative biases in high-anxious individuals. Seven tasks of verbal fluency were used: letter "k," "f," verbs, "animals," "vehicles," "joy," and "fear." The results of 35 subjects (whole sample), and 17 subjects (nine men, eight women) selected from the whole sample for the low/high-anxious groups on the basis of Trait Anxiety scores were analyzed. The subjects were healthy, Polish speaking, right-handed and aged from 20 to 35 years old. fMRI (whole-brain analysis with FWE corrections) was used to show the neural signals under active participation in verbal fluency tasks. The results confirm that trait anxiety slightly modulates neural activation during the performance of verbal fluency tasks, especially in the more difficult tasks. Significant differences were found in brain activation during the performance of more complex tasks between individuals with low anxiety and those with high anxiety. Greater activation in the right hemisphere, frontal gyri, and cerebellum was found in people with low anxiety. The results reflect better integration of cognitive and affective capacities in individuals with low anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gawda
- Department of Psychology of Emotion and Cognition, University of Maria Curie Sklodowska Lublin, Poland
| | - Ewa Szepietowska
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Neuropsychology, University of Maria Curie-Sklodowska Lublin, Poland
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24
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Lebedev AV, Lövdén M, Rosenthal G, Feilding A, Nutt DJ, Carhart-Harris RL. Finding the self by losing the self: Neural correlates of ego-dissolution under psilocybin. Hum Brain Mapp 2015; 36:3137-53. [PMID: 26010878 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.22833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/23/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Ego-disturbances have been a topic in schizophrenia research since the earliest clinical descriptions of the disorder. Manifesting as a feeling that one's "self," "ego," or "I" is disintegrating or that the border between one's self and the external world is dissolving, "ego-disintegration" or "dissolution" is also an important feature of the psychedelic experience, such as is produced by psilocybin (a compound found in "magic mushrooms"). Fifteen healthy subjects took part in this placebo-controlled study. Twelve-minute functional MRI scans were acquired on two occasions: subjects received an intravenous infusion of saline on one occasion (placebo) and 2 mg psilocybin on the other. Twenty-two visual analogue scale ratings were completed soon after scanning and the first principal component of these, dominated by items referring to "ego-dissolution", was used as a primary measure of interest in subsequent analyses. Employing methods of connectivity analysis and graph theory, an association was found between psilocybin-induced ego-dissolution and decreased functional connectivity between the medial temporal lobe and high-level cortical regions. Ego-dissolution was also associated with a "disintegration" of the salience network and reduced interhemispheric communication. Addressing baseline brain dynamics as a predictor of drug-response, individuals with lower diversity of executive network nodes were more likely to experience ego-dissolution under psilocybin. These results implicate MTL-cortical decoupling, decreased salience network integrity, and reduced inter-hemispheric communication in psilocybin-induced ego disturbance and suggest that the maintenance of "self"or "ego," as a perceptual phenomenon, may rest on the normal functioning of these systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Lebedev
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Sweden.,Centre for Age-Related Medicine, Stavanger University Hospital, Norway
| | - Martin Lövdén
- Aging Research Center, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm University, Sweden
| | - Gidon Rosenthal
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Israel
| | | | - David J Nutt
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
| | - Robin L Carhart-Harris
- Division of Brain Sciences, Department of Medicine, Centre for Neuropsychopharmacology, Imperial College London, United Kingdom
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