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Bolat E, Polat S, Tunç M, Çoban M, Göker P. Investigation of Skull Cortical Thickness Changes in Healthy Population and Patients With Schizophrenia on Computed Tomography Images. J Craniofac Surg 2024; 35:1284-1288. [PMID: 38727232 DOI: 10.1097/scs.0000000000010261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Cortical bone thickness is essential for the mechanical function of bone. Some factors including aging, sex, body size, hormone levels, behavior, and genetics lead to changes in cranial cortical robusticity. Moreover, the skull is one of the hardest and most durable structures in the human body. Schizophrenia is defined as a psychiatric disease characterized by delusions and hallucinations, and these patients have reduced brain volume; however, there is no study including cortical bone structure. For this reason, the aim of this study was to determine whether there is a difference in the skull cortical thickness of patients with schizophrenia and, compare it with healthy subjects. The cranial length, cranial width, anterior cortical thickness, right and left anterior cortical thickness, right and left lateral cortical thickness, right and left posterior lateral thickness, and posterior cortical thickness were measured with axial computed tomography images of 30 patients with schizophrenia and 132 healthy individuals aged between 18 and 69years. A statistically significant difference was found between the two groups in the measurements of right and left posterior lateral thickness, and posterior cortical thickness ( P = 0.006, P = 0.001, and P = 0.047, respectively). The sexes were compared, and it was found that the cranial width, anterior thickness, left anterior thickness, and right and left posterior thickness measurements of patients with schizophrenia showed a statistically significant difference compared with the control group ( P < 0.001, P = 0.003, P = 0.001, P < 0.001 and P < 0.001, respectively). The authors observed that skull cortical thickness may be different in schizophrenia. The results obtained from this study may be beneficial for evaluating these structures for clinical and pathological processes. Furthermore, knowledge about the skull cortical thickness in planning surgical procedures will increase the reliability and effectiveness of the surgical method, and this will minimize the risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Bolat
- Department of Anatomy, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Sema Polat
- Department of Anatomy, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine
| | - Mahmut Tunç
- Department of Therapy and Rehabilitation, Vocational School of Health Services, Baskent University
| | - Muhammet Çoban
- Department of Radiology, Kozan State Hospital, Adana, Turkey
| | - Pinar Göker
- Department of Anatomy, Çukurova University Faculty of Medicine
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Barber N, Valoumas I, Leger KR, Chang YL, Huang CM, Goh JOS, Gutchess A. Culture, prefrontal volume, and memory. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298235. [PMID: 38551909 PMCID: PMC10980194 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Prior cross-cultural studies have demonstrated differences among Eastern and Western cultures in memory and cognition along with variation in neuroanatomy and functional engagement. We further probed cultural neuroanatomical variability in terms of its relationship with memory performance. Specifically, we investigated how memory performance related to gray matter volume in several prefrontal lobe structures, including across cultures. For 58 American and 57 Taiwanese young adults, memory performance was measured with the California Verbal Learning Test (CVLT) using performance on learning trial 1, on which Americans had higher scores than the Taiwanese, and the long delayed free recall task, on which groups performed similarly. MRI data were reconstructed using FreeSurfer. Across both cultures, we observed that larger volumes of the bilateral rostral anterior cingulate were associated with lower scores on both CVLT tasks. In terms of effects of culture, the relationship between learning trial 1 scores and gray matter volumes in the right superior frontal gyrus had a trend for a positive relationship in Taiwanese but not in Americans. In addition to the a priori analysis of select frontal volumes, an exploratory whole-brain analysis compared volumes-without considering CVLT performance-across the two cultural groups in order to assess convergence with prior research. Several cultural differences were found, such that Americans had larger volumes in the bilateral superior frontal and lateral occipital cortex, whereas Taiwanese had larger volumes in the bilateral rostral middle frontal and inferior temporal cortex, and the right precuneus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolette Barber
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States of America
| | - Ioannis Valoumas
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States of America
| | - Krystal R. Leger
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States of America
| | - Yu-Ling Chang
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Robotics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States of America
| | - Chih-Mao Huang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Brain Science, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Joshua Oon Soo Goh
- Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neurobiology and Cognitive Science Center, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Center for Artificial Intelligence and Advanced Robotics, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Angela Gutchess
- Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States of America
- Volen National Center for Complex Systems, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA, United States of America
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Liang L, Heinrichs RW, Liddle PF, Jeon P, Théberge J, Palaniyappan L. Cortical impoverishment in a stable subgroup of schizophrenia: Validation across various stages of psychosis. Schizophr Res 2024; 264:567-577. [PMID: 35644706 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2022.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cortical thinning is a well-known feature in schizophrenia. The considerable variation in the spatial distribution of thickness changes has been used to parse heterogeneity. A 'cortical impoverishment' subgroup with a generalized reduction in thickness has been reported. However, it is unclear if this subgroup is recoverable irrespective of illness stage, and if it relates to the glutamate hypothesis of schizophrenia. METHODS We applied hierarchical cluster analysis to cortical thickness data from magnetic resonance imaging scans of three datasets in different stages of psychosis (n = 288; 160 patients; 128 healthy controls) and studied the cognitive and symptom profiles of the observed subgroups. In one of the samples, we also studied the subgroup differences in 7-Tesla magnetic resonance spectroscopy glutamate concentration in the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. RESULTS Our consensus-based clustering procedure consistently produced 2 subgroups of participants. Patients accounted for 75%-100% of participants in one subgroup that was characterized by significantly lower cortical thickness. Both subgroups were equally symptomatic in clinically unstable stages, but cortical impoverishment indicated a higher symptom burden in a clinically stable sample and higher glutamate levels in the first-episode sample. There were no subgroup differences in cognitive and functional outcome profiles or antipsychotic exposure across all stages. CONCLUSIONS Cortical thinning does not vary with functioning or cognitive impairment, but it is more prevalent among patients, especially those with glutamate excess in early stages and higher residual symptom burden at later stages, providing an important mechanistic clue to one of the several possible pathways to the illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangbing Liang
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Peter F Liddle
- Institute of Mental Health, Division of Mental Health and Clinical Neuroscience, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Peter Jeon
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean Théberge
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lena Palaniyappan
- Robarts Research Institute, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Medical Biophysics, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, Western University, London, Ontario, Canada; Lawson Health Research Institute, London, Ontario, Canada; Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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Macoveanu J, Damgaard V, Ysbæk-Nielsen AT, Frangou S, Yatham LN, Chakrabarty T, Stougaard ME, Knudsen GM, Vinberg M, Kessing LV, Kjærstad HL, Miskowiak KW. Early longitudinal changes in brain structure and cognitive functioning in remitted patients with recently diagnosed bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2023; 339:153-161. [PMID: 37442440 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2023.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) who are presenting with cognitive impairment and associated structural brain abnormalities have generally a poorer clinical outcome. This study aims to map the early longitudinal trajectories in brain structure and cognition in patients with recently diagnosed BD. METHODS Fully or partially remitted patients with a recent diagnosis of BD and matched healthy controls (HC) underwent structural MRI and neuropsychological testing at baseline (BD n = 97; HC n = 66) and again following an average of 16 (range 6-27) months (BD n = 50; HC n = 38). We investigated the differential trajectories in BD vs. HC in cortical gray matter volume and thickness, total cerebral white matter, hippocampal and amygdala volumes, estimated brain age, and cognitive functioning using linear mixed models. Within patients, we further investigated whether brain structural abnormalities detected at baseline were associated with subsequent mood episodes. RESULTS Compared to HC, patients showed a decline in total white matter volume over time and they had a larger amygdala volume, both at baseline and at follow-up time. Patients further showed lower cognitive performance at both times of investigation with no significant change over time. There were no differences between patients and HC in cortical gray matter volume or thickness, hippocampal volume, or brain-aging patterns. CONCLUSIONS Cognitive impairment and amygdala enlargement may represent stable markers of BD early in the course of illness, whereas subtle white matter decline may result from illness progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Macoveanu
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark.
| | - Viktoria Damgaard
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexander Tobias Ysbæk-Nielsen
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sophia Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Lakshmi N Yatham
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Trisha Chakrabarty
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marie Eschau Stougaard
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Gitte Moos Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Maj Vinberg
- Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark; Psychiatric Research Unit, Psychiatric Centre North Zealand, Hillerød, Denmark
| | - Lars Vedel Kessing
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hanne Lie Kjærstad
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Kamilla Woznica Miskowiak
- Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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Hartmann H, Banwinkler M, Riva F, Lamm C. To respond or not to respond: exploring empathy-related psychological and structural brain differences between placebo analgesia responders and non-responders. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1257522. [PMID: 37849473 PMCID: PMC10577216 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1257522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Placebo responsiveness is highly variable across individuals. In the domain of pain, it may range from pronounced hypoalgesia to no response at all. Which factors predict such variation awaits clarification, as the available literature is characterized by mixed and inconclusive results. Particularly interesting in this case are social factors such as empathy or prosocial behavior, as prior work has stressed the connection between feeling pain yourself and empathizing with pain observed in others. Methods In a mixed confirmatory and exploratory approach, this study investigated potential psychological and structural brain differences between placebo responders and non-responders in the domain of pain. We aggregated data of four behavioral and neuroimaging studies that had been designed to investigate the effects of placebo analgesia on empathy. Results Analyses comparing groups of placebo responders and non-responders showed significant group differences in trait characteristics, with responders reporting increased helping behavior and lower psychopathic traits compared to non-responders. Uncorrected results further showed higher pain-related empathic concern in responders vs. non-responders. These results were accompaniedby tentative group differences in brain structure: placebo analgesia non-responders exhibited increased gray matter volume in left inferior temporal and parietal supramarginal cortical areas, and an increased cortical surface area in bilateral middle temporal cortex. Discussion Together, our findings suggest that modifiability of one's pain perception by means of placebo effects is linked to personality traits characterizing social emotions and behavior. They also hint that these psychological as well as brain structural characteristics might be beneficial for the identification of placebo responders. At the same time, they stress the importance of considering contextual factors such as the study setting or paradigm when investigating the association between individual characteristics and placebo responding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Hartmann
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Clinical Neurosciences, Department of Neurology, University Hospital Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Magdalena Banwinkler
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Federica Riva
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claus Lamm
- Social, Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience Unit, Department of Cognition, Emotion, and Methods in Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Melazzini L, Mazzocchi L, Vecchio A, Paredes A, Mensi MM, Ballante E, Paoletti M, Bastianello S, Balottin U, Borgatti R, Pichiecchio A. Magnetic resonance advanced imaging analysis in adolescents: cortical thickness study to identify attenuated psychosis syndrome. Neuroradiology 2023; 65:1447-1458. [PMID: 37524967 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-023-03200-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Psychosis is a symptom common to several mental illnesses and a defining feature of schizophrenia spectrum disorders, whose onset typically occurs in adolescence. Neuroradiological studies have reported evidence of brain structural abnormalities in patients with overt psychosis. However, early identification of brain structural changes in young subjects at risk for developing psychosis (such as those with Attenuated Psychosis Syndrome -APS) is currently lacking. METHODS Brain 3D T1-weighted and 64 directions diffusion-weighted images were acquired on 55 help-seeking adolescents (12-17 years old) with psychiatric disorders who referred to our Institute. Patients were divided into three groups: non-APS (n = 20), APS (n = 20), and Early-Onset Psychosis (n = 15). Cortical thickness was calculated from T1w images, and Tract-Based Spatial Statistics analysis was performed to study the distribution of white matter fractional anisotropy and all diffusivity metrics. A thorough neuropsychological test battery was adopted to investigate cognitive performance in several domains. RESULTS In patients with Attenuated Psychotic Syndrome, the left superior frontal gyrus was significantly thinner compared to patients with non-APS (p = 0.048), and their right medial orbitofrontal cortex thickness was associated with lower working memory scores (p = 0.0025, r = -0.668 for the working memory index and p = 0.001, r = -0.738 for the digit span). Early-Onset Psychosis patients showed thinner left pars triangularis compared to non-APS individuals (p = 0.024), and their left pars orbitalis was associated with impaired performance at the symbol search test (p = 0.005, r = -0.726). No differences in diffusivity along main tracts were found between sub-groups (p > 0.05). CONCLUSION This study showed specific associations between structural imaging features and cognitive performance in patients with APS. Characterizing this disorder using neuroimaging could reveal useful information that may aid in the development and evaluation of preventive strategies in these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Melazzini
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Mazzocchi
- Advanced Imaging and Radiomics Center, Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Arianna Vecchio
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alexandra Paredes
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery, Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Martina M Mensi
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Elena Ballante
- BioData Science Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Political and Social Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Paoletti
- Advanced Imaging and Radiomics Center, Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
| | - Stefano Bastianello
- Advanced Imaging and Radiomics Center, Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Umberto Balottin
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Renato Borgatti
- Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatric Unit, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Anna Pichiecchio
- Advanced Imaging and Radiomics Center, Neuroradiology Department, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
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Zhang W, Du JL, Fang XY, Ni LY, Zhu YY, Yan W, Lu SP, Zhang RR, Xie SP. Shared and distinct structural brain alterations and cognitive features in drug-naïve schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Asian J Psychiatr 2023; 82:103513. [PMID: 36827938 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajp.2023.103513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/13/2023]
Abstract
Our study aimed to examine the shared and distinct structural brain alterations, including cortical thickness(CT) and local gyrification index(LGI), and cognitive impairments between the early course stage of drug-naïve schizophrenia(SZ) and bipolar disorder(BD) patients when compared to healthy controls(HCs), and to further explore the correlation between altered brain structure and cognitive impairments. We included 72 SZ patients, 35 BD patients and 43 HCs. The cognitive function was assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery. Cerebral cortex analyses were performed with FreeSurfer. Furthermore, any structural aberrations related to cognition impairments were examined. Cognitive impairments existed in SZ and BD patients and were much more severe and widespread in SZ patients, compared to HCs. There were no significant differences in LGI among three groups. Compared to HCs, SZ had thicker cortex in left pars triangularis, and BD showed thinner CT in left postcentral gyrus. In addition, BD showed thinner cortex in left pars triangularis, left pars opercularis, left insula and right fusiform gyrus compared to SZ. Moreover, our results indicated that CT in many brain areas were significantly correlated with cognitive function in HCs, but only CT of left pars triangularis was correlated with impaired social cognition found in SZ. The findings suggest that changes of CT in the left pars triangularis and left postcentral gyrus may be potential pathophysiological mechanisms of the cognition impairments in SZ and BD, respectively, and the divergent CT of partly brain areas in BD vs. SZ may help distinguish them in early phases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Jing-Lun Du
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Xing-Yu Fang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Long-Yan Ni
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Yuan-Yuan Zhu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Wei Yan
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shui-Ping Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Rong-Rong Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
| | - Shi-Ping Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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Van Rheenen TE, Cotton SM, Dandash O, Cooper RE, Ringin E, Daglas-Georgiou R, Allott K, Chye Y, Suo C, Macneil C, Hasty M, Hallam K, McGorry P, Fornito A, Yücel M, Pantelis C, Berk M. Increased cortical surface area but not altered cortical thickness or gyrification in bipolar disorder following stabilisation from a first episode of mania. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 122:110687. [PMID: 36427550 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite reports of altered brain morphology in established bipolar disorder (BD), there is limited understanding of when these morphological abnormalities emerge. Assessment of patients during the early course of illness can help to address this gap, but few studies have examined surface-based brain morphology in patients at this illness stage. METHODS We completed a secondary analysis of baseline data from a randomised control trial of BD individuals stabilised after their first episode of mania (FEM). The magnetic resonance imaging scans of n = 35 FEM patients and n = 29 age-matched healthy controls were analysed. Group differences in cortical thickness, surface area and gyrification were assessed at each vertex of the cortical surface using general linear models. Significant results were identified at p < 0.05 using cluster-wise correction. RESULTS The FEM group did not differ from healthy controls with regards to cortical thickness or gyrification. However, there were two clusters of increased surface area in the left hemisphere of FEM patients, with peak coordinates falling within the lateral occipital cortex and pars triangularis. CONCLUSIONS Cortical thickness and gyrification appear to be intact in the aftermath of a first manic episode, whilst cortical surface area in the inferior/middle prefrontal and occipitoparietal cortex is increased compared to age-matched controls. It is possible that increased surface area in the FEM group is the outcome of abnormalities in a premorbidly occurring process. In contrast, the findings raise the hypothesis that cortical thickness reductions seen in past studies of individuals with more established BD may be more attributable to post-onset factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia; Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - Sue M Cotton
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Orwa Dandash
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia; Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Australia
| | - Rebecca E Cooper
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Elysha Ringin
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rothanthi Daglas-Georgiou
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Kelly Allott
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yann Chye
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Australia
| | - Chao Suo
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Australia
| | - Craig Macneil
- Orygen Youth Health Clinical Program, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Melissa Hasty
- Orygen Youth Health Clinical Program, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Karen Hallam
- The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Patrick McGorry
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Alex Fornito
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Australia
| | - Murat Yücel
- Turner Institute for Brain and Mental Health, School of Psychological Sciences and Monash Biomedical Imaging Facility, Monash University, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia; Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Orygen, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Centre for Youth Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia; The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia; Barwon Health, PO Box 281, Geelong, Victoria, 3220, Australia
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Relationships between cognitive performance, clinical insight and regional brain volumes in schizophrenia. SCHIZOPHRENIA 2022; 8:33. [PMID: 35853892 PMCID: PMC9261092 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-022-00243-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Impairments in cognitive performance are common in schizophrenia, and these contribute to poor awareness of symptoms and treatment (‘clinical insight’), which is an important predictor of functional outcome. Although relationships between cognitive impairment and reductions in regional brain volumes in patients are relatively well characterised, less is known about the brain structural correlates of clinical insight. To address this gap, we aimed to explore brain structural correlates of cognitive performance and clinical insight in the same sample. 108 patients with schizophrenia (SZH) and 94 age and gender-matched controls (CON) (from the Northwestern University Schizophrenia Data and Software Tool (NUSDAST) database) were included. SZH had smaller grey matter volume across most fronto-temporal regions and significantly poorer performance on all cognitive domains. Multiple regression showed that higher positive symptoms and poorer attention were significant predictors of insight in SZH; however, no significant correlations were seen between clinical insight and regional brain volumes. In contrast, symptomology did not contribute to cognitive performance, but robust positive relationships were found between regional grey matter volumes in fronto-temporal regions and cognitive performance (particularly executive function). Many of these appeared to be unique to SZH as they were not observed in CON. Findings suggest that while there exists a tight link between cognitive functioning and neuropathological processes affecting gross brain anatomy in SZH, this is not the case for clinical insight. Instead, clinical insight levels seem to be influenced by symptomology, attentional performance and other subject-specific variables.
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Dhamala E, Ooi LQR, Chen J, Kong R, Anderson KM, Chin R, Yeo BTT, Holmes AJ. Proportional intracranial volume correction differentially biases behavioral predictions across neuroanatomical features, sexes, and development. Neuroimage 2022; 260:119485. [PMID: 35843514 PMCID: PMC9425854 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2022.119485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Individual differences in brain anatomy can be used to predict variations in cognitive ability. Most studies to date have focused on broad population-level trends, but the extent to which the observed predictive features are shared across sexes and age groups remains to be established. While it is standard practice to account for intracranial volume (ICV) using proportion correction in both regional and whole-brain morphometric analyses, in the context of brain-behavior predictions the possible differential impact of ICV correction on anatomical features and subgroups within the population has yet to be systematically investigated. In this work, we evaluate the effect of proportional ICV correction on sex-independent and sex-specific predictive models of individual cognitive abilities across multiple anatomical properties (surface area, gray matter volume, and cortical thickness) in healthy young adults (Human Connectome Project; n = 1013, 548 females) and typically developing children (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study; n = 1823, 979 females). We demonstrate that ICV correction generally reduces predictive accuracies derived from surface area and gray matter volume, while increasing predictive accuracies based on cortical thickness in both adults and children. Furthermore, the extent to which predictive models generalize across sexes and age groups depends on ICV correction: models based on surface area and gray matter volume are more generalizable without ICV correction, while models based on cortical thickness are more generalizable with ICV correction. Finally, the observed neuroanatomical features predictive of cognitive abilities are unique across age groups regardless of ICV correction, but whether they are shared or unique across sexes (within age groups) depends on ICV correction. These findings highlight the importance of considering individual differences in ICV, and show that proportional ICV correction does not remove the effects of cranial volume from anatomical measurements and can introduce ICV bias where previously there was none. ICV correction choices affect not just the strength of the relationships captured, but also the conclusions drawn regarding the neuroanatomical features that underlie those relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elvisha Dhamala
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, United States; Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, United States.
| | - Leon Qi Rong Ooi
- Centre for Sleep & Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jianzhong Chen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ru Kong
- Centre for Sleep & Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kevin M Anderson
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - Rowena Chin
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, United States
| | - B T Thomas Yeo
- Centre for Sleep & Cognition & Centre for Translational Magnetic Resonance Research, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore; N.1 Institute for Health & Institute for Digital Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Integrative Sciences and Engineering Programme (ISEP), National University of Singapore, Singapore; Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Avram J Holmes
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, United States; Kavli Institute for Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, United States; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, United States.
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11
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Ciullo V, Piras F, Banaj N, Vecchio D, Piras F, Sani G, Ducci G, Spalletta G. Internal clock variability, mood swings and working memory in bipolar disorder. J Affect Disord 2022; 315:48-56. [PMID: 35907479 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.07.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Distortions in time processing may be regarded as an endophenotypic marker of neuropsychiatric diseases; however, investigations addressing Bipolar Disorder (BD) are still scarce. METHODS The present study compared timing abilities in 30 BD patients and 30 healthy controls (HC), and explored the relationship between time processing and affective-cognitive symptoms in BD, with the aim to determine whether timing difficulties are primary in bipolar patients or due to comorbid cognitive impairment. Four tasks measuring external timing were administered: a temporal and spatial orienting of attention task and a temporal and colour discrimination task, for assessing the ability to evaluate temporal properties of external events; two other tasks assessed the speed of the internal clock (i.e. temporal bisection and temporal production tasks). Attentional, executive and working memory (WM) demands were equated for controlling additional cognitive processes. RESULTS BD patients did not show differences in external timing accuracy compared to HC; conversely, we found increased variability of the internal clock in BD and this performance was related to Major Depressive Episodes recurrence and WM functioning. Hence, variability of the internal clock is influenced by the progressive course of BD and impacted by variations in WM. LIMITATIONS Future studies including BD patients stratified by mood episode will further specify timing alterations conditional to the current affective state. CONCLUSIONS Our results shed new light on the clinical phenotypes of BD, suggesting that timing might be used as a model system of the ongoing pathophysiological process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Ciullo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Vecchio
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Gabriele Sani
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Psychiatry, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy; Department of Psychiatry, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario Agostino Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Ducci
- Department of Mental Health, ASL, Roma 1, 00135 Rome, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy.
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12
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Zhou H, Wang D, Cao B, Zhang X. Association of reduced cortical thickness and psychopathological symptoms in patients with first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia. Int J Psychiatry Clin Pract 2022; 27:42-50. [PMID: 36193901 DOI: 10.1080/13651501.2022.2129067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is growing evidence that reduced cortical thickness has been considered to be a central abnormality in schizophrenia. Brain imaging studies have demonstrated that the cerebral cortex becomes thinner in patients with first-episode schizophrenia. This study aimed to examine whether cortical thickness is altered in drug-naïve schizophrenia in a Chinese Han population and the relationship between cortical thickness and clinical symptoms. METHODS We compared cortical thickness in 41 schizophrenia patients and 30 healthy controls. Psychopathology of patients with schizophrenia was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). RESULTS The cortical thickness of left banks of superior temporal sulcus, left lateral occipital gyrus, left rostral middle frontal gyrus, right inferior parietal lobule and right lateral occipital gyrus in schizophrenia patients was generally thinner compared with healthy controls. Correlation analysis revealed a negative correlation between cortical thickness of the left banks of superior temporal sulcus and general psychopathology of PANSS. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that cortical thickness abnormalities are already present early in the onset of schizophrenia and are associated with psychopathological symptoms, suggesting that it plays an important role in the pathogenesis and symptomatology of schizophrenia.Key points(1) The first-episode drug-naïve schizophrenia had reduced cortical thickness than the controls.(2) Cortical thickness was associated with psychopathological symptoms in patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huixia Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Dongmei Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Bo Cao
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xiangyang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.,Department of Psychology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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13
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Choi KW, Han KM, Kim A, Kang W, Kang Y, Tae WS, Ham BJ. Decreased cortical gyrification in patients with bipolar disorder. Psychol Med 2022; 52:2232-2244. [PMID: 33190651 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291720004079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An aberrant neural connectivity has been known to be associated with bipolar disorder (BD). Local gyrification may reflect the early neural development of cortical connectivity and has been studied as a possible endophenotype of psychiatric disorders. This study aimed to investigate differences in the local gyrification index (LGI) in each cortical region between patients with BD and healthy controls (HCs). METHODS LGI values, as measured using FreeSurfer software, were compared between 61 patients with BD and 183 HCs. The values were also compared between patients with BD type I and type II as a sub-group analysis. Furthermore, we evaluated whether there was a correlation between LGI values and illness duration or depressive symptom severity in patients with BD. RESULTS Patients with BD showed significant hypogyria in various cortical regions, including the left inferior frontal gyrus (pars opercularis), precentral gyrus, postcentral gyrus, superior temporal cortex, insula, right entorhinal cortex, and both transverse temporal cortices, compared to HCs after the Bonferroni correction (p < 0.05/66, 0.000758). LGI was not associated with clinical factors such as illness duration, depressive symptom severity, and lithium treatment. No significant differences in cortical gyrification according to the BD subtype were found. CONCLUSIONS BD appears to be characterized by a significant regionally localized hypogyria, in various cortical areas. This abnormality may be a structural and developmental endophenotype marking the risk for BD, and it might help to clarify the etiology of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwan Woo Choi
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youbin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Tae
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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14
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Rajashekar N, Blumberg HP, Villa LM. Neuroimaging Studies of Brain Structure in Older Adults with Bipolar Disorder: A Review. JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY AND BRAIN SCIENCE 2022; 7:e220006. [PMID: 36092855 PMCID: PMC9453888 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20220006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common mood disorder that can have severe consequences during later life, including suffering and impairment due to mood and cognitive symptoms, elevated risk for dementia and an especially high risk for suicide. Greater understanding of the brain circuitry differences involved in older adults with BD (OABD) in later life and their relationship to aging processes is required to improve outcomes of OABD. The current literature on gray and white matter findings, from high resolution structural and diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies, has shown that BD in younger age groups is associated with gray matter reductions within cortical and subcortical brain regions that subserve emotion processing and regulation, as well as reduced structural integrity of white matter tracts connecting these brain regions. While fewer neuroimaging studies have focused on OABD, it does appear that many of the structural brain differences found in younger samples are present in OABD. There is also initial suggestion that there are additional brain differences, for at least a subset of OABD, that may result from more pronounced gray and white matter declines with age that may contribute to adverse outcomes. Preclinical and clinical data supporting neuro-plastic and -protective effects of mood-stabilizing medications, suggest that treatments may reverse and/or prevent the progression of brain changes thereby reducing symptoms. Future neuroimaging research implementing longitudinal designs, and large-scale, multi-site initiatives with detailed clinical and treatment data, holds promise for reducing suffering, cognitive dysfunction and suicide in OABD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niroop Rajashekar
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Hilary P. Blumberg
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Child Study Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06519, USA
| | - Luca M. Villa
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX37JX, UK
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15
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Levman J, Jennings M, Rouse E, Berger D, Kabaria P, Nangaku M, Gondra I, Takahashi E. A morphological study of schizophrenia with magnetic resonance imaging, advanced analytics, and machine learning. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:926426. [PMID: 36046472 PMCID: PMC9420897 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.926426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We have performed a morphological analysis of patients with schizophrenia and compared them with healthy controls. Our analysis includes the use of publicly available automated extraction tools to assess regional cortical thickness (inclusive of within region cortical thickness variability) from structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), to characterize group-wise abnormalities associated with schizophrenia based on a publicly available dataset. We have also performed a correlation analysis between the automatically extracted biomarkers and a variety of patient clinical variables available. Finally, we also present the results of a machine learning analysis. Results demonstrate regional cortical thickness abnormalities in schizophrenia. We observed a correlation (rho = 0.474) between patients’ depression and the average cortical thickness of the right medial orbitofrontal cortex. Our leading machine learning technology evaluated was the support vector machine with stepwise feature selection, yielding a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 74%, based on regional brain measurements, including from the insula, superior frontal, caudate, calcarine sulcus, gyrus rectus, and rostral middle frontal regions. These results imply that advanced analytic techniques combining MRI with automated biomarker extraction can be helpful in characterizing patients with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Levman
- Department of Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
- Center for Clinical Research, Nova Scotia Health Authority - Research, Innovation and Discovery, Halifax, NS, Canada
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jacob Levman,
| | - Maxwell Jennings
- Department of Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Ethan Rouse
- Department of Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Derek Berger
- Department of Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Priya Kabaria
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Masahito Nangaku
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Iker Gondra
- Department of Computer Science, St. Francis Xavier University, Antigonish, NS, Canada
| | - Emi Takahashi
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, Harvard Medical School, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Boston, MA, United States
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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16
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Raucher-Chéné D, Lavigne KM, Makowski C, Lepage M. Altered Surface Area Covariance in the Mentalizing Network in Schizophrenia: Insight Into Theory of Mind Processing. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2022; 7:706-715. [PMID: 32919946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Theory of mind (ToM), the cognitive capacity to attribute mental states to self and others, is robustly affected in schizophrenia. The neural substrates of ToM impairment have been largely studied with functional imaging, but little is known about structural abnormalities. We compared structural covariance (between-subjects correlations of brain regional measures) of magnetic resonance imaging-based cortical surface area between patients with schizophrenia and healthy control subjects and between schizophrenia subgroups based on the patients' ToM ability to examine ToM-specific effects on structural covariance in schizophrenia. METHODS T1-weighted structural images were acquired on a 3T magnetic resonance imaging scanner, and ToM was assessed with the Hinting Task for 104 patients with schizophrenia and 69 healthy control subjects. The sum of surface area was computed for 12 regions of interest selected and compared between groups to examine structural covariance within the often reported mentalizing network: rostral and caudal middle frontal gyrus, inferior parietal lobule, precuneus, and middle and superior temporal gyrus. High and low ToM groups were defined using a median split on the Hinting Task. RESULTS Cortical surface contraction was observed in the schizophrenia group, predominantly in temporoparietal regions. Patients with schizophrenia also exhibited significantly stronger covariance between the right rostral middle frontal gyrus and the right superior temporal gyrus than control subjects (r = 4.015; p < .001). Direct comparisons between high and low ToM subgroups revealed stronger contralateral frontotemporal covariances in the low ToM group. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide evidence for structural changes underlying ToM impairments in schizophrenia that need to be confirmed to develop new therapeutic perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine Raucher-Chéné
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Cognition, Health, and Society Laboratory EA 6291, University of Reims Champagne-Ardenne, Reims, France; Academic Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital of Reims, Etablissement Public de Santé Mentale de la Marne, Reims, France
| | - Katie M Lavigne
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; McGill Centre for Integrative Neuroscience, Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Carolina Makowski
- Center for Multimodal Imaging and Genetics, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California; Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, California
| | - Martin Lepage
- Douglas Mental Health University Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Psychiatry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
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17
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Kang Y, Kang W, Han KM, Tae WS, Ham BJ. Associations between cognitive impairment and cortical thickness alterations in patients with euthymic and depressive bipolar disorder. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2022; 322:111462. [PMID: 35231679 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2022.111462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Youbin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Tae
- Korea University, Brain Convergence Research Center
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Mogensen MB, Macoveanu J, Knudsen GM, Ott CV, Miskowiak KW. Influence of pre-treatment structural brain measures on effects of action-based cognitive remediation on executive function in partially or fully remitted patients with bipolar disorder. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol 2022; 56:50-59. [PMID: 34933219 DOI: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment is an emerging treatment target in patients with bipolar disorder (BD) but so far, no evidence-based treatment options are available. Recent studies indicate promising effects of Cognitive Remediation (CR) interventions, but it is unclear who responds most to these interventions. This report aimed to investigate whether pre-treatment dorsal prefrontal cortex (dPFC) thickness predicts improvement of executive function in response to Action-Based Cognitive Remediation (ABCR) in patients with BD. Complete baseline magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) data were available from 45 partially or fully remitted patients with BD from our randomized controlled ABCR trial (ABCR: n = 25, control group: n = 20). We performed cortical reconstruction and volumetric segmentation using FreeSurfer. Multiple linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the influence of dPFC thickness on ABCR-related executive function improvement, reflected by change in the One Touch Stocking of Cambridge performance from baseline to post-treatment. We also conducted whole brain vertex wise analysis for exploratory purposes. Groups were well-matched for demographic and clinical variables. Less pre-treatment dPFC thickness was associated with greater effect of ABCR on executive function (p = 0.02). Further, whole-brain vertex analysis revealed an association between smaller pre-treatment superior temporal gyrus volume and greater ABCR-related executive function improvement. The observed associations suggest that structural abnormalities in dPFC and superior temporal gyrus are key neurocircuitry treatment targets for CR interventions that target impaired executive function in BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- M B Mogensen
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorder (NEAD) Group, Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - J Macoveanu
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorder (NEAD) Group, Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - G M Knudsen
- Neurobiology Research Unit, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet; Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C V Ott
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorder (NEAD) Group, Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - K W Miskowiak
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorder (NEAD) Group, Copenhagen Affective Disorder research Centre (CADIC), Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University hospital, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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19
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Karantonis JA, Carruthers SP, Rossell SL, Pantelis C, Hughes M, Wannan C, Cropley V, Van Rheenen TE. A Systematic Review of Cognition-Brain Morphology Relationships on the Schizophrenia-Bipolar Disorder Spectrum. Schizophr Bull 2021; 47:1557-1600. [PMID: 34097043 PMCID: PMC8530395 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbab054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The nature of the relationship between cognition and brain morphology in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders (SSD) and bipolar disorder (BD) is uncertain. This review aimed to address this, by providing a comprehensive systematic investigation of links between several cognitive domains and brain volume, cortical thickness, and cortical surface area in SSD and BD patients across early and established illness stages. An initial search of PubMed and Scopus databases resulted in 1486 articles, of which 124 met inclusion criteria and were reviewed in detail. The majority of studies focused on SSD, while those of BD were scarce. Replicated evidence for specific regions associated with indices of cognition was minimal, however for several cognitive domains, the frontal and temporal regions were broadly implicated across both recent-onset and established SSD, and to a lesser extent BD. Collectively, the findings of this review emphasize the significance of both frontal and temporal regions for some domains of cognition in SSD, while highlighting the need for future BD-related studies on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Karantonis
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sean P Carruthers
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan L Rossell
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
- St Vincent’s Mental Health, St Vincent’s Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christos Pantelis
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Matthew Hughes
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Cassandra Wannan
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Vanessa Cropley
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Centre for Mental Health, Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
- Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, Department of Psychiatry, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia
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20
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Woo Y, Kang W, Kang Y, Kim A, Han KM, Tae WS, Ham BJ. Cortical Thickness and Surface Area Abnormalities in Bipolar I and II Disorders. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:850-863. [PMID: 34500506 PMCID: PMC8473857 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2021.0074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although bipolar II disorder (BD II) is not simply a mitigated form of bipolar I disorder (BD I), their neurobiological differences have not been elucidated. The present study aimed to explore cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) in patients with BD I and BD II and healthy controls (HCs) to investigate the shared and unique neurobiological mechanisms of BD subtypes. METHODS We enrolled 30 and 44 patients with BD I and BD II, respectively, and 100 HCs. We evaluated CT and SA using FreeSurfer and estimated differences in CT and SA among the three groups (BD I vs. BD II vs. HC). We adjusted for age, sex, educational level, and intracranial volume as confounding factors. RESULTS We found widespread cortical thinning in the bilateral frontal, temporal, and occipital regions; cingulate gyrus; and insula in patients with BD. Alterations in SA, including increased SA of the pars triangularis and decreased SA of the insula, were noted in patients with BD. Overall, we found BD II patients demonstrated decreased SA in the right long insula compared to BD I patients. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that decreased SA in the right long insula is crucial for differentiating BD subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonmi Woo
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Wooyoung Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Youbin Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aram Kim
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Man Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo-Suk Tae
- Brain Convergence Research Center, Korea University Anam Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Joo Ham
- Department of Psychiatry, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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21
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Si FF, Liu L, Li HM, Sun L, Cao QJ, Lu H, Wang YF, Qian QJ. Cortical Morphometric Abnormality and Its Association with Working Memory in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Psychiatry Investig 2021; 18:679-687. [PMID: 34340276 PMCID: PMC8328834 DOI: 10.30773/pi.2020.0333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder in children and adolescents. The present study investigated the cortical morphology features and their relationship with working memory (WM). METHODS In the present study, a total of 36 medication naïve children with ADHD (aged from 8 to 15 years) and 36 age- and gendermatched healthy control (HC) children were included. The digit span test was used to evaluate WM. The magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used to examine the characteristics of cortical morphology. Firstly, we compared the cortical morphology features between two groups to identify the potential structural alterations of cortical volume, surface, thickness, and curvature in children with ADHD. Then, the correlation between the brain structural abnormalities and WM was further explored in children with ADHD. RESULTS Compared with the HC children, the children with ADHD showed reduced cortical volumes in the left lateral superior temporal gyrus (STG) (p=6.67×10-6) and left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) (p=3.88×10-4). In addition, the cortical volume of left lateral STG was positively correlated with WM (r=0.36, p=0.029). CONCLUSION Though preliminary, these findings suggest that the reduced cortical volumes of left lateral STG may contribute to the pathogenesis of ADHD and correlate with WM in children with ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei-Fei Si
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Mei Li
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Li Sun
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Qing-Jiu Cao
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Hanna Lu
- Department of Psychiatry, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yu-Feng Wang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Qiu-Jin Qian
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
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22
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Increased peripheral inflammation in schizophrenia is associated with worse cognitive performance and related cortical thickness reductions. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2021; 271:595-607. [PMID: 33760971 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-021-01237-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
While the biological substrates of brain and behavioural changes in persons with schizophrenia remain unclear, increasing evidence implicates that inflammation is involved. In schizophrenia, including first-episode psychosis and anti-psychotic naïve patients, there are numerous reports of increased peripheral inflammation, cognitive deficits and neuropathologies such as cortical thinning. Research defining the relationship between inflammation and schizophrenia symptomatology and neuropathology is needed. Therefore, we analysed the level of C-reactive protein (CRP), a peripheral inflammation marker, and its relationship with cognitive functioning in a cohort of 644 controls and 499 schizophrenia patients. In a subset of individuals who underwent MRI scanning (99 controls and 194 schizophrenia cases), we tested if serum CRP was associated with cortical thickness. CRP was significantly increased in schizophrenia patients compared to controls, co-varying for age, sex, overweight/obesity and diabetes (p < 0.006E-10). In schizophrenia, increased CRP was mildly associated with worse performance in attention, controlling for age, sex and education (R =- 0.15, p = 0.001). Further, increased CRP was associated with reduced cortical thickness in three regions related to attention: the caudal middle frontal, the pars opercularis and the posterior cingulate cortices, which remained significant after controlling for multiple comparisons (all p < 0.05). Together, these findings indicate that increased peripheral inflammation is associated with deficits in cognitive function and brain structure in schizophrenia, especially reduced attention and reduced cortical thickness in associated brain regions. Using CRP as a biomarker of peripheral inflammation in persons with schizophrenia may help to identify vulnerable patients and those that may benefit from adjunctive anti-inflammatory treatments.
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23
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Alkan E, Davies G, Evans SL. Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia: relationships with cortical thickness in fronto-temporal regions, and dissociability from symptom severity. NPJ SCHIZOPHRENIA 2021; 7:20. [PMID: 33737508 PMCID: PMC7973472 DOI: 10.1038/s41537-021-00149-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairments are a core and persistent characteristic of schizophrenia with implications for daily functioning. These show only limited response to antipsychotic treatment and their neural basis is not well characterised. Previous studies point to relationships between cortical thickness and cognitive performance in fronto-temporal brain regions in schizophrenia patients (SZH). There is also evidence that these relationships might be independent of symptom severity, suggesting dissociable disease processes. We set out to explore these possibilities in a sample of 70 SZH and 72 age and gender-matched healthy controls (provided by the Center of Biomedical Research Excellence (COBRE)). Cortical thickness within fronto-temporal regions implicated by previous work was considered in relation to performance across various cognitive domains (from the MATRICS Cognitive Battery). Compared to controls, SZH had thinner cortices across most fronto-temporal regions and significantly lower performance on all cognitive domains. Robust relationships with cortical thickness were found: visual learning and attention performance correlated with bilateral superior and middle frontal thickness in SZH only. Correlations between attention performance and right transverse temporal thickness were also specific to SZH. Findings point to the importance of these regions for cognitive performance in SZH, possibly reflecting compensatory processes and/or aberrant connectivity. No links to symptom severity were observed in these regions, suggesting these relationships are dissociable from underlying psychotic symptomology. Findings enhance understanding of the brain structural underpinnings and possible aetiology of cognitive impairment in SZH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erkan Alkan
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK
| | - Geoff Davies
- Brighton & Sussex Medical School/Sussex Partnership NHS Foundation Trust, Sussex, UK
| | - Simon L Evans
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, UK.
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24
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Haatveit B, Mørch-Johnsen L, Alnæs D, Engen MJ, Lyngstad SH, Færden A, Agartz I, Ueland T, Melle I. Divergent relationship between brain structure and cognitive functioning in patients with prominent negative symptomatology. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2021; 307:111233. [PMID: 33340940 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2020.111233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Investigating commonalities in underlying pathology of cognitive dysfunction and negative symptoms in schizophrenia is important, as both are core features of the disorder and linked to brain structure abnormalities. We aimed to explore the relationship between cognition, negative symptoms and brain structure in schizophrenia. A total of 225 patients with Schizophrenia spectrum disorder and 283 healthy controls from the Norwegian Thematically Organized Psychosis (TOP) cohort were included in this study. Patients were categorized into four patient subgroups based on severity of negative symptoms: no-negative- (NNS), threshold-negative- (TNS), moderate-negative- (MNS), and prominent-negative (PNS) subgroups. MRI measures of brain volume, mean cortical thickness and surface area from pre-selected brain regions were tested for relationships with general cognitive ability and negative symptom subgroups. Positive associations were found between brain volume, thickness, surface area and cognition in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), fusiform gyrus (FG) and the left anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), but with no differences between subgroups. In the PNS subgroup, cognition was conversely negatively associated with brain volume in the left ACC. These results indicate that patients with prominent negative symptoms have different associations between cognition and brain structure in the left ACC, which may point to abnormal neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beathe Haatveit
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Lynn Mørch-Johnsen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatry, Ostfold Hospital Trust, Graalum, Norway
| | - Dag Alnæs
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Magnus Johan Engen
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Siv Hege Lyngstad
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ann Færden
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Acute Psychiatry, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Agartz
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, 0319 Oslo, Norway; Centre for Psychiatric Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Torill Ueland
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ingrid Melle
- NORMENT, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital & Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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25
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Zhong S, Lai S, Yue J, Wang Y, Shan Y, Liao X, Chen J, Li Z, Chen G, Chen F, Jia Y. The characteristic of cognitive impairments in patients with bipolar II depression and its association with N-acetyl aspartate of the prefrontal white matter. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1457. [PMID: 33313202 PMCID: PMC7723520 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-7098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background Cognitive deficit is acknowledged as a core feature of clinical manifestations of bipolar disorder (BD). However, the underlying mechanism of cognitive impairment in bipolar II depression has remained uncertain. We aim to determine the association of cognitive impairments with biochemical metabolism using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS) and a battery of neuropsychological testing. Methods The current study was designed to assess four cognitive domains in a sample of 110 patients with bipolar II depression and 110 healthy controls, using a battery of 6 cognitive tests, including the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST), Wisconsin Cart Sorting Test (WCST), Trail Making Test Part B (TMT-B), Digit Span Test (DST), TMT-part A (TMT-A) and Verbal Fluency Test (VFT). Metabolite levels were obtained in the following brain regions of interest: bilateral prefrontal white matter (PWM), bilateral anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), bilateral lenticular nucleus (LN), and bilateral thalamus. N-acetyl aspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) and choline-containing compounds (Cho)/Cr ratios are analyzed. Results Patients with bipolar II depression performed significantly worse on DSST (score), TMT (completion time), DSB (score), and VFT (valid word number) when compared with healthy controls. In the bilateral PWM, NAA/Cr ratios in the PWM were significantly reduced (bilaterally) than those in healthy controls. Correlation analysis was conducted with data from patients with bipolar II depression, we found that the NAA/Cr ratio of the left PWM was positively correlated with the score of DS and DSB, and the NAA/Cr ratio of the right PWM was negatively correlated with the completion time of TMT-B. Conclusions Our findings suggested that psychomotor speed, executive function, working memory, and verbal fluency are impaired in patients with BD II depression. Hypoactivity NAA/Cr in bilateral PWM may be associated with BD II depression's pathophysiology and results in cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shunkai Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jihui Yue
- Department of Psychiatry, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Zhuhai, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Shan
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Liao
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junhao Chen
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhinan Li
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guanmao Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Feng Chen
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
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26
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Kraft JN, O'Shea A, Albizu A, Evangelista ND, Hausman HK, Boutzoukas E, Nissim NR, Van Etten EJ, Bharadwaj PK, Song H, Smith SG, Porges E, DeKosky S, Hishaw GA, Wu S, Marsiske M, Cohen R, Alexander GE, Woods AJ. Structural Neural Correlates of Double Decision Performance in Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2020; 12:278. [PMID: 33117145 PMCID: PMC7493680 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2020.00278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Speed of processing is a cognitive domain that encompasses the speed at which an individual can perceive a given stimulus, interpret the information, and produce a correct response. Speed of processing has been shown to decline more rapidly than other cognitive domains in an aging population, suggesting that this domain is particularly vulnerable to cognitive aging (Chee et al., 2009). However, given the heterogeneity of neuropsychological measures used to assess the domains underpinning speed of processing, a diffuse pattern of brain regions has been implicated. The current study aims to investigate the structural neural correlates of speed of processing by assessing cortical volume and speed of processing scores on the POSIT Double Decision task within a healthy older adult population (N = 186; mean age = 71.70 ± 5.32 years). T1-weighted structural images were collected via a 3T Siemens scanner. The current study shows that less cortical thickness in right temporal, posterior frontal, parietal and occipital lobe structures were significantly associated with poorer Double Decision scores. Notably, these include the lateral orbitofrontal gyrus, precentral gyrus, superior, transverse, and inferior temporal gyrus, temporal pole, insula, parahippocampal gyrus, fusiform gyrus, lingual gyrus, superior and inferior parietal gyrus and lateral occipital gyrus. Such findings suggest that speed of processing performance is associated with a wide array of cortical regions that provide unique contributions to performance on the Double Decision task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica N Kraft
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Andrew O'Shea
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Alejandro Albizu
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nicole D Evangelista
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Hanna K Hausman
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Emanuel Boutzoukas
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Nicole R Nissim
- Department of Neurology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Emily J Van Etten
- Brain Imaging, Behavior and Aging Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Pradyumna K Bharadwaj
- Brain Imaging, Behavior and Aging Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Hyun Song
- Brain Imaging, Behavior and Aging Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Samantha G Smith
- Brain Imaging, Behavior and Aging Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Eric Porges
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Steven DeKosky
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Georg A Hishaw
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Samuel Wu
- Department of Biostatistics, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Michael Marsiske
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ronald Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Gene E Alexander
- Brain Imaging, Behavior and Aging Laboratory, Department of Psychology and Evelyn F. McKnight Brain Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience and Physiological Sciences Graduate Interdisciplinary Programs, and BIO5 Institute, University of Arizona and Arizona Alzheimer's Consortium, Tucson, AZ, United States
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory Clinical Translational Research, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Neuroscience, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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27
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Van Rheenen TE, Lewandowski KE, Bauer IE, Kapczinski F, Miskowiak K, Burdick KE, Balanzá-Martínez V. Current understandings of the trajectory and emerging correlates of cognitive impairment in bipolar disorder: An overview of evidence. Bipolar Disord 2020; 22:13-27. [PMID: 31408230 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Cognitive dysfunction affects a significant proportion of people with bipolar disorder (BD), but the cause, trajectory and correlates of such dysfunction remains unclear. Increased understanding of these factors is required to progress treatment development for this symptom dimension. METHODS This paper provides a critical overview of the literature concerning the trajectories and emerging correlates of cognitive functioning in BD. It is a narrative review in which we provide a qualitative synthesis of current evidence concerning clinical, molecular, neural and lifestyle correlates of cognitive impairment in BD across the lifespan (in premorbid, prodromal, early onset, post-onset, elderly cohorts). RESULTS There is emerging evidence of empirical links between cognitive impairment and an increased inflammatory state, brain structural abnormalities and reduced neuroprotection in BD. However, evidence regarding the progressive nature of cognitive impairment is mixed, since consensus between different cross-sectional data is lacking and does not align to the outcomes of the limited longitudinal studies available. Increased recognition of cognitive heterogeneity in BD may help to explain some inconsistencies in the extant literature. CONCLUSIONS Large, longitudinally focussed studies of cognition and its covariation alongside biological and lifestyle factors are required to better define cognitive trajectories in BD, and eventually pave the way for the application of a precision medicine approach for individual patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamsyn E Van Rheenen
- Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Faculty of Health, Arts and Design, School of Health Sciences, Centre for Mental Health, Swinburne University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Kathryn E Lewandowski
- Schizophrenia and Bipolar Disorder Program, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Isabelle E Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Flavio Kapczinski
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, McMaster University Faculty of Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kamilla Miskowiak
- Neurocognition and Emotion in Affective Disorders Group, Copenhagen Affective Disorder Research Centre, Psychiatric Centre Copenhagen, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Psychology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Katherine E Burdick
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.,James J Peters VA Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
| | - Vicent Balanzá-Martínez
- Teaching Unit of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Valencia, CIBERSAM, Valencia, Spain
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28
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Liu P, Li Q, Zhang A, Liu Z, Sun N, Yang C, Wang Y, Zhang K. Similar and Different Regional Homogeneity Changes Between Bipolar Disorder and Unipolar Depression: A Resting-State fMRI Study. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2020; 16:1087-1093. [PMID: 32425537 PMCID: PMC7196208 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s249489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the regional homogeneity (ReHo) between unipolar depression (UD) and bipolar disorder (BD), and to search for brain imaging markers for distinguishing UD and BD. METHODS A total of 58 patients who met the diagnosis criteria of UD in DSM-Ⅳ, 40 patients who met the diagnosis criteria of BD in DSM-Ⅳ and 54 healthy controls (HC) completed the resting-state functional magnetic resonance (rs-fMRI) scans. The ReHo of the three groups was compared and Pearson correlation analysis was performed between the ReHo values and the clinical symptoms. RESULTS (1) Significant differences were found in the right hippocampus, right parahippocampal gyrus, right Inferior orbitofrontal gyrus, right superior temporal gyrus, right inferior temporal gyrus, and right middle occipital gyrus across the three groups. (2) Compared to HC, the ReHo in the right parahippocampal gyrus in UD significantly increased. (3) When compared to HC, the ReHo in the right hippocampus in BD significantly increased. The ReHo in the right middle occipital gyrus decreased. (4) Compared to UD, BD exhibited significantly decreased ReHo in the right inferior temporal gyrus. No correlations were observed between the scores of 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDMD-24), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAMA), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and the ReHo values of altered brain regions between BD and UD. CONCLUSION The results suggest that there was a considerable difference in the ReHo of brain among UD, BD, and HCs. ReHo in the right inferior temporal gyrus showed significant differences between BD and UD that might serve as neuroimaging markers to identify BD and UD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Penghong Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychiatry, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China.,Department of Psychiatry, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Aixia Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhifen Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Ning Sun
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Chunxia Yang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanfang Wang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
| | - Kerang Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan 030001, People's Republic of China
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Structure related to function: prefrontal surface area has an indirect effect on the relationship between amygdala volume and trait neuroticism. Brain Struct Funct 2019; 224:3309-3320. [PMID: 31673773 DOI: 10.1007/s00429-019-01974-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Trait neuroticism refers to individual differences in negative emotional response to threat, frustration, or loss, operationally defined by elevated levels of irritability, anger, sadness, anxiety, worry, hostility, self-consciousness, and vulnerability to mental and physical difficulties. While functional studies have been fairly consistent when identifying regions associated with neuroticism during emotional stimuli, structural imagining studies do not tend to find a relationship between amygdala volume and trait neuroticism. There is a great deal of functional evidence that frontoparietal areas are related to the amygdala, and to emotional reactivity more generally, as a function of their involvement in emotion regulation. Specifically, top-down emotion appraisal and expression appear to involve parts of the dorsolateral and dorsomedial prefrontal cortices, which operate at least in part via the indirect modulation of the amygdala. It was hypothesized that cortical surface area and cortical thickness in regions associated with emotion appraisal/expression and emotional attention (i.e., superior frontal and rostral middle frontal gyri, respectively) would have an indirect effect on the relationship between amygdala volume and self-reported neuroticism (respectively), potentially explaining the inconsistency in the structural literature. In sample of 1106 adults, superior frontal and rostral middle frontal gyri, as parcellated by Freesurfer, were examined as potentially restricting variance in a model of indirect effects, which may elucidate the overall relationship between cortical and subcortical gray matter volume and trait neuroticism. Results indicated that, despite no association between bilateral amygdala volume and trait neuroticism, when right superior frontal surface area was entered into the model of indirect effects, a significant relationship between amygdala volume and trait neuroticism emerged. Two of the three remaining models indicated that cortical surface area had an indirect effect on the relationship between amygdala volume and trait neuroticism. These findings highlight the relationship between structural and functional neuroimaging studies. Specifically, the results indicate that when volume is related to behavior, individual differences in higher-order cortical regions, particularly surface area, may help to better understand the relationship between emotion and subcortical gray matter volume.
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Lerman-Sinkoff DB, Kandala S, Calhoun VD, Barch DM, Mamah DT. Transdiagnostic Multimodal Neuroimaging in Psychosis: Structural, Resting-State, and Task Magnetic Resonance Imaging Correlates of Cognitive Control. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2019; 4:870-880. [PMID: 31327685 PMCID: PMC6842450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Revised: 03/14/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Disorders with psychotic features, including schizophrenia and some bipolar disorders, are associated with impairments in regulation of goal-directed behavior, termed cognitive control. Cognitive control-related neural alterations have been studied in psychosis. However, studies are typically unimodal, and relationships across modalities of brain function and structure remain unclear. Thus, we performed transdiagnostic multimodal analyses to examine cognitive control-related neural variation in psychosis. METHODS Structural, resting, and working memory task imaging for 31 control participants, 27 participants with bipolar disorder, and 23 participants with schizophrenia were collected and processed identically to the Human Connectome Project, enabling identification of relationships with prior multimodal work. Two cognitive control-related independent components (ICs) derived from the Human Connectome Project using multiset canonical correlation analysis with joint IC analysis were used to predict performance in psychosis. De novo multiset canonical correlation analysis with joint IC analysis was performed, and the results were correlated with cognitive control. RESULTS A priori working memory and cortical thickness maps significantly predicted cognitive control in psychosis. De novo multiset canonical correlation analysis with joint IC analysis identified an IC correlated with cognitive control that also discriminated groups. Structural contributions included insular and cingulate regions; task contributions included precentral, posterior parietal, cingulate, and visual regions; and resting-state contributions highlighted canonical network organization. Follow-up analyses suggested that correlations with cognitive control were primarily influenced by participants with schizophrenia. CONCLUSIONS A priori and de novo imaging replicably identified a set of interrelated patterns across modalities and the healthy-to-psychosis spectrum, suggesting robustness of these features. Relationships between imaging and cognitive control performance suggest that shared symptomatology may be key to identifying transdiagnostic relationships in psychosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dov B Lerman-Sinkoff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri.
| | - Sridhar Kandala
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Vince D Calhoun
- Medical Image Analysis Lab, The Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico; Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico
| | - Deanna M Barch
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Psychological and Brain Science, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri; Department of Radiology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Daniel T Mamah
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
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Neilson E, Shen X, Cox SR, Clarke TK, Wigmore EM, Gibson J, Howard DM, Adams MJ, Harris MA, Davies G, Deary IJ, Whalley HC, McIntosh AM, Lawrie SM. Impact of Polygenic Risk for Schizophrenia on Cortical Structure in UK Biobank. Biol Psychiatry 2019; 86:536-544. [PMID: 31171358 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2019.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 04/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia is a neurodevelopmental disorder with many genetic variants of individually small effect contributing to phenotypic variation. Lower cortical thickness (CT), surface area, and cortical volume have been demonstrated in people with schizophrenia. Furthermore, a range of obstetric complications (e.g., lower birth weight) are consistently associated with an increased risk for schizophrenia. We investigated whether a high polygenic risk score for schizophrenia (PGRS-SCZ) is associated with CT, surface area, and cortical volume in UK Biobank, a population-based sample, and tested for interactions with birth weight. METHODS Data were available for 2864 participants (nmale/nfemale = 1382/1482; mean age = 62.35 years, SD = 7.40). Linear mixed models were used to test for associations among PGRS-SCZ and cortical volume, surface area, and CT and between PGRS-SCZ and birth weight. Interaction effects of these variables on cortical structure were also tested. RESULTS We found a significant negative association between PGRS-SCZ and global CT; a higher PGRS-SCZ was associated with lower CT across the whole brain. We also report a significant negative association between PGRS-SCZ and insular lobe CT. PGRS-SCZ was not associated with birth weight and no PGRS-SCZ × birth weight interactions were found. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that individual differences in CT are partly influenced by genetic variants and are most likely not due to factors downstream of disease onset. This approach may help to elucidate the genetic pathophysiology of schizophrenia. Further investigation in case-control and high-risk samples could help identify any localized effects of PGRS-SCZ, and other potential schizophrenia risk factors, on CT as symptoms develop.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Neilson
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK.
| | - Xueyi Shen
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Simon R Cox
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Toni-Kim Clarke
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Jude Gibson
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David M Howard
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mark J Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Mat A Harris
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Gail Davies
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Andrew M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK; Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, Department of Psychology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Stephen M Lawrie
- Division of Psychiatry, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK; The Patrick Wild Centre, Royal Edinburgh Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
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Wu D, Lv P, Li F, Zhang W, Fu G, Dai J, Hu N, Liu J, Xiao Y, Li S, Shah C, Tao B, Zhao Y, Gong Q, Lui S. Association of peripheral cytokine levels with cerebral structural abnormalities in schizophrenia. Brain Res 2019; 1724:146463. [PMID: 31526800 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2019] [Revised: 09/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A large body of evidence indicates that both the altered cytokines that mediate the immune-inflammatory process and abnormal gray matter are associated with schizophrenia. Whether peripheral cytokines are related to cerebral structural abnormality remains unclear. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the association of peripheral cytokine levels with gray matter abnormalities at the whole brain level in schizophrenia. Forty-four outpatients with schizophrenia and 44 controls were recruited. The serum levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), and IL-10 were measured using a quantitative chemiluminescence assay. High-resolution T1 weighted images were acquired from all subjects and processed using FreeSurfer software to obtain the cortical thickness, surface area, and cortical and subcortical gray matter volumes. The cytokines and cerebral structures were compared between patients and controls using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). The association between the cytokines and whole cerebral structures was performed using stepwise linear regression. Patients had higher levels of IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 than controls. In patients, the IL-6 level was significantly associated with the cortical thickness in the left pars opercularis, right pars triangularis, left superior temporal gyrus, and right middle temporal gyrus, which showed structural differences between the two groups. Altered cytokine levels may be associated with particular but not all cortical abnormalities in schizophrenia, especially IL-6, which was significantly associated with the abnormal cortical thickness of the bilateral Broca's area and temporal gyrus, which provided neuroimaging evidence to support the relationship between peripheral cytokines and the cerebral cortex in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongsheng Wu
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; West China Fourth Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peilin Lv
- Department of Anesthesiology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Li
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Wenjing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Gui Fu
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jing Dai
- The Fourth People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, China
| | - Na Hu
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jieke Liu
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuan Xiao
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Siyi Li
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Chandan Shah
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Tao
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Youjin Zhao
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qiyong Gong
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Su Lui
- Department of Radiology, The Center for Medical Imaging, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China; Huaxi MR Research Center (HMRRC), West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
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Distinct structural brain circuits indicate mood and apathy profiles in bipolar disorder. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 26:101989. [PMID: 31451406 PMCID: PMC7229320 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 08/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe manic-depressive illness. Patients with BD have been shown to have gray matter (GM) deficits in prefrontal, frontal, parietal, and temporal regions; however, the relationship between structural effects and clinical profiles has proved elusive when considered on a region by region or voxel by voxel basis. In this study, we applied parallel independent component analysis (pICA) to structural neuroimaging measures and the positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) in 110 patients (mean age 34.9 ± 11.65) with bipolar disorder, to examine networks of brain regions that relate to symptom profiles. The pICA revealed two distinct symptom profiles and associated GM concentration alteration circuits. The first PANSS pICA profile mainly involved anxiety, depression and guilty feelings, reflecting mood symptoms. Reduced GM concentration in right temporal regions predicted worse mood symptoms in this profile. The second PANSS pICA profile generally covered blunted affect, emotional withdrawal, passive/apathetic social withdrawal, depression and active social avoidance, exhibiting a withdrawal or apathy dominating component. Lower GM concentration in bilateral parietal and frontal regions showed worse symptom severity in this profile. In summary, a pICA decomposition suggested BD patients showed distinct mood and apathy profiles differing from the original PANSS subscales, relating to distinct brain structural networks. Structural relationships with symptoms in bipolar disorder are complex. A parallel ICA analysis of PANSS questions and structural images finds two correlated profiles. The first pair links mood symptoms with right temporal regions. The second pair highlights social withdrawal and apathy symptoms linked to bilateral frontal and parietal regions.
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Wannan CMJ, Cropley VL, Chakravarty MM, Bousman C, Ganella EP, Bruggemann JM, Weickert TW, Weickert CS, Everall I, McGorry P, Velakoulis D, Wood SJ, Bartholomeusz CF, Pantelis C, Zalesky A. Evidence for Network-Based Cortical Thickness Reductions in Schizophrenia. Am J Psychiatry 2019; 176:552-563. [PMID: 31164006 DOI: 10.1176/appi.ajp.2019.18040380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cortical thickness reductions in schizophrenia are irregularly distributed across multiple loci. The authors hypothesized that cortical connectivity networks would explain the distribution of cortical thickness reductions across the cortex, and, specifically, that cortico-cortical connectivity between loci with these reductions would be exceptionally strong and form an interconnected network. This hypothesis was tested in three cross-sectional schizophrenia cohorts: first-episode psychosis, chronic schizophrenia, and treatment-resistant schizophrenia. METHODS Structural brain images were acquired for 70 patients with first-episode psychosis, 153 patients with chronic schizophrenia, and 47 patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia and in matching healthy control groups (N=57, N=168, and N=54, respectively). Cortical thickness was compared between the patient and respective control groups at 148 regions spanning the cortex. Structural connectivity strength between pairs of cortical regions was quantified with structural covariance analysis. Connectivity strength between regions with cortical thickness reductions was compared with connectivity strength between 5,000 sets of randomly chosen regions to establish whether regions with reductions were interconnected more strongly than would be expected by chance. RESULTS Significant (false discovery rate corrected) and widespread cortical thickness reductions were found in the chronic schizophrenia (79 regions) and treatment-resistant schizophrenia (106 regions) groups, with more circumscribed reductions in the first-episode psychosis group (34 regions). Cortical thickness reductions with the largest effect sizes were found in frontal, temporal, cingulate, and insular regions. In all cohorts, both the patient and healthy control groups showed significantly increased structural covariance between regions with cortical thickness reductions compared with randomly selected regions. CONCLUSIONS Brain network architecture can explain the irregular topographic distribution of cortical thickness reductions in schizophrenia. This finding, replicated in three distinct schizophrenia cohorts, suggests that the effect is robust and independent of illness stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra M J Wannan
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Vanessa L Cropley
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - M Mallar Chakravarty
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Chad Bousman
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Eleni P Ganella
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Jason M Bruggemann
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Thomas W Weickert
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Cynthia Shannon Weickert
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Ian Everall
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Patrick McGorry
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Dennis Velakoulis
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Stephen J Wood
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Cali F Bartholomeusz
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Christos Pantelis
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
| | - Andrew Zalesky
- The Department of Psychiatry, Melbourne Neuropsychiatry Centre, University of Melbourne and Melbourne Health, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Cropley, Bousman, Ganella, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert, McGorry, Velakoulis, Bartholomeusz, Pantelis, Zalesky); Orygen, the National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Centre for Youth Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, McGorry, Wood, Bartholomeusz); the Cooperative Research Centre for Mental Health, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Bousman, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); North Western Mental Health, Melbourne Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Wannan, Ganella, Everall, Pantelis); Faculty of Health, Arts, and Design, the Brain and Psychological Sciences Research Centre, Swinburne University, Victoria, Australia (Cropley); the Florey Institute for Neurosciences and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Bousman, Everall, Pantelis); the Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Centre for Neural Engineering, University of Melbourne, Carlton South, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis); the Melbourne School of Engineering, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia (Everall, Pantelis, Zalesky); Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Departments of Medical Genetics, Psychiatry, and Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Calgary, Alberta (Bousman); the Cerebral Imaging Centre, Douglas Mental Health University Institute, Montreal (Chakravarty); the Departments of Psychiatry and Biological and Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (Chakravarty); the School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, Australia (Bruggemann, T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the Schizophrenia Research Laboratory, Neuroscience Research Australia, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); the School of Psychology, University of Birmingham, Edgbaston, U.K. (Wood); the Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, N.Y. (T.W. Weickert, C.S. Weickert); and the Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London (Everall)
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Hanford LC, Pinnock F, Hall GB, Heinrichs RW. Cortical thickness correlates of cognitive performance in cognitively-matched individuals with and without schizophrenia. Brain Cogn 2019; 132:129-137. [PMID: 31005042 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2019.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Revised: 03/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Schizophrenia is characterized by psychosis and, in most cases, cognitive impairment. It is unclear, however, whether these elements of the disorder represent distinct or related disease processes. Accordingly, this study investigated 3-way interactions between group, cognition and cortical thickness in cognitively-matched patients with schizophrenia and healthy control groups. Patients and healthy controls were group-matched on demographics and a broadly-based index of cognitive performance. T1-weighted images were processed using Freesurfer. Variable selection techniques were applied to determine which regions best predicted 3-way interaction effects. Independent variables included age, sex, IQ, and 87 regional cortical thickness values strongly associated with group or cognition. Antipsychotic treatment effects were also investigated. Twenty regions were selected by the best fitting model. The top 6 regions included the left pre- and post-central, left superior frontal and temporal and right rostral and caudal middle frontal cortices. No antipsychotic treatment effects were seen. Cortical thinning in schizophrenia exists even in the absence of cognitive impairment. Our findings support the separation of psychosis and cognitive impairment as independent disease processes, with distinct relations with cortical thickness in prefrontal cortical areas. Parsing out these two disease processes will increase understanding of heterogeneity in schizophrenia and may modify treatment targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsay C Hanford
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Farena Pinnock
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ONT, Canada
| | - Geoffrey B Hall
- Department of Psychology, Neuroscience and Behaviour, McMaster University, Hamilton, ONT, Canada
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36
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Ørbo MC, Aslaksen PM, Anke A, Tande PM, Vangberg TR. Cortical Thickness and Cognitive Performance After Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest. Neurorehabil Neural Repair 2019; 33:296-306. [PMID: 30979357 DOI: 10.1177/1545968319834904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive impairment is common in long-term survivors of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) but corresponding neuroimaging data are lacking. OBJECTIVES This study explored the relationship among the cortical brain structure, cognitive performance, and clinical variables after OHCA. METHODS Three months after resuscitation, 13 OHCA survivors who had recovered from a coma to living independently and 19 healthy controls were assessed by cerebral magnetic resonance imaging and neuropsychological tests quantifying memory, fine-motor coordination, and attention/executive functions. Cortical thickness (Cth) and surface area (SA) were compared between groups and analyzed for relationships with cognitive performance as well as the clinical variables of coma duration and the time to return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC). All analyses were controlled for age and sex. RESULTS Analyses of SA revealed no significant differences. Compared with controls, survivors had significantly reduced memory and fine-motor coordination and significantly thinner cortex in large clusters in the frontal, parietal, and inferior temporal cortices, with additional regions in the left occipital lobe and the left temporal lobe. Widespread thinner cortical regions were significantly associated with decreased memory performance in survivors when compared with those in controls and were significantly associated with an increased time to ROSC and increased coma duration in the OHCA group. Increased coma duration, but not increased time to ROSC, was significantly correlated with cognitive test performance. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that widespread Cth reductions correspond to the cognitive impairments observed after OHCA. Neuroimaging studies of long-term OHCA survivors are warranted to guide the development of diagnostics and treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marte C Ørbo
- 1 University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | | | - Audny Anke
- 1 University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,2 UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Pål M Tande
- 1 University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway
| | - Torgil R Vangberg
- 1 University Hospital of North Norway, Tromsø, Norway.,2 UIT The Arctic University of Norway, Tromsø, Norway
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Yalin N, Saricicek A, Hidiroglu C, Zugman A, Direk N, Ada E, Cavusoglu B, Er A, Isik G, Ceylan D, Tunca Z, Kempton MJ, Ozerdem A. Cortical thickness and surface area as an endophenotype in bipolar disorder type I patients and their first-degree relatives. Neuroimage Clin 2019; 22:101695. [PMID: 30738374 PMCID: PMC6370861 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 01/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES So far, few studies have investigated cortical thickness (CT) and surface area (SA) measures in bipolar disorder type I (BDI) in comparison to a high genetic risk group such as first-degree relatives (FR). This study aimed to examine CT and SA differences between BDI, FR and healthy controls (HC). METHODS 3D T1 magnetic resonance images were acquired from 27 euthymic BDI patients, 24 unaffected FR and 29 HC. CT and SA measures were obtained with FreeSurfer version 5.3.0. Generalized estimating equations were used to compare CT and SA between groups. Group comparisons were repeated with restricting the FR group to 17 siblings (FR-SB) only. RESULTS \Mean age in years was 36.3 ± 9.5 for BDI, 32.1 ± 10.9 for FR, 34.7 ± 9.8 for FR-SB and 33.1 ± 9.0 for HC group respectively. BDI patients revealed larger SA of left pars triangularis (LPT) compared to HC (p = .001). In addition, increased SA in superior temporal cortex (STC) in FR-SB group compared to HC was identified (p = .0001). CONCLUSIONS Our result of increased SA in LPT of BDI could be a disease marker and increased SA in STC of FR-SB could be a marker related with resilience to illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nefize Yalin
- Centre for Affective Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey.
| | - Aybala Saricicek
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ceren Hidiroglu
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Arts, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Andre Zugman
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory of Clinical Neuroscience (LINC), Department of Psychiatry, Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Nese Direk
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Emel Ada
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Berrin Cavusoglu
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Ayşe Er
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Gizem Isik
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Deniz Ceylan
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Zeliha Tunca
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Matthew J Kempton
- Department of Psychosis Studies, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK; Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Aysegul Ozerdem
- Department of Neuroscience, Institute of Health Sciences, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
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38
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Deng W, Zhang B, Zou W, Zhang X, Cheng X, Guan L, Lin Y, Lao G, Ye B, Li X, Yang C, Ning Y, Cao L. Abnormal Degree Centrality Associated With Cognitive Dysfunctions in Early Bipolar Disorder. Front Psychiatry 2019; 10:140. [PMID: 30949078 PMCID: PMC6435527 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2019.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Delayed diagnosis of bipolar disorder (BD) is common. However, diagnostic validity may be enhanced using reliable neurobiological markers for BD. Degree centrality (DC) is one such potential marker that enables researchers to visualize neuronal network abnormalities in the early stages of some neuropsychiatric disorders. In the present study, we measured resting-state DC abnormalities and cognitive deficits in order to identify early neurobiological markers for BD. We recruited 23 patients with BD who had recently experienced manic episodes (duration of illness <2 years) and 46 matched healthy controls. Our findings indicated that patients with BD exhibited DC abnormalities in frontal areas, temporal areas, the right postcentral gyrus, and the posterior lobe of the cerebellum. Moreover, correlation analysis revealed that psychomotor speed indicators were associated with DC in the superior temporal and inferior temporal gyri, while attention indicators were associated with DC in the inferior temporal gyrus, in patients with early BD. Our findings suggest that DC abnormalities in neural emotion regulation circuits are present in patients with early BD, and that correlations between attention/psychomotor speed deficits and temporal DC abnormalities may represent early markers of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Deng
- Department of Early Intervention, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Department of Early Intervention, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenjin Zou
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaofei Zhang
- Department of Early Intervention, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiongchao Cheng
- Department of Early Intervention, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lijie Guan
- Department of Early Intervention, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Lin
- Department of Child and Adolescent, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guohui Lao
- Department of Early Intervention, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Biyu Ye
- Department of Early Intervention, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Early Intervention, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chanjuan Yang
- Department of Child and Adolescent, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuping Ning
- Mental Health Institute, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liping Cao
- Department of Early Intervention, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Department of Child and Adolescent, Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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Rodrigue AL, McDowell JE, Tandon N, Keshavan MS, Tamminga CA, Pearlson GD, Sweeney JA, Gibbons RD, Clementz BA. Multivariate Relationships Between Cognition and Brain Anatomy Across the Psychosis Spectrum. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY. COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2018; 3:992-1002. [PMID: 29759822 PMCID: PMC6167203 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2018.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive and structural brain abnormalities range from mild to severe in psychosis. The relationships of specific cognitive functions to specific brain structures across the psychosis spectrum is less certain. METHODS Participants (n = 678) with bipolar, schizoaffective, or schizophrenia psychoses and healthy control subjects were recruited via the Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes. The Schizo-Bipolar Scale was used to create a psychosis continuum (from purely affective to purely nonaffective). Canonical correlation between 14 cognitive measures and structural brain measures (gray matter volume, cortical thickness, cortical surface area, and local gyrification indices) for 68 neocortical regions yielded constructs that defined shared cognition-brain structure relationships. Canonical discriminant analysis was used to integrate these constructs and efficiently summarize cognition-brain structure relationships across the psychosis continuum. RESULTS General cognition was associated with larger gray matter volumes and thicker cortices but smaller cortical surface area in frontoparietal regions. Working memory was associated with larger volume and surface area in frontotemporal regions. Faster response speed was associated with thicker frontal cortices. Constructs that captured general cognitive ability and working memory and their relationship to cortical volumes primarily defined an ordered psychosis spectrum (purely affective, least abnormal through purely nonaffective, and most abnormal). A construct that captured general cognitive ability and its relationship to cortical surface area differentiated purely affective cases from other groups. CONCLUSIONS General cognition and working memory with cortical volume deviations characterized more nonaffective psychoses. Alternatively, affective psychosis cases with general cognitive deficits had deviations in cortical surface area, perhaps accounting for heterogeneous findings across previous studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda L Rodrigue
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Jennifer E McDowell
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia
| | - Neeraj Tandon
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Department of Psychiatry, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Carol A Tamminga
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas
| | - Godfrey D Pearlson
- Departments of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut; Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, Connecticut
| | - John A Sweeney
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Robert D Gibbons
- Department of Medicine and Public Health Sciences, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Brett A Clementz
- Departments of Psychology and Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia.
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40
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Abé C, Rolstad S, Petrovic P, Ekman C, Sparding T, Ingvar M, Landén M. Bipolar disorder type I and II show distinct relationships between cortical thickness and executive function. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2018; 138:325-335. [PMID: 29907968 PMCID: PMC6175455 DOI: 10.1111/acps.12922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/31/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Frontal cortical abnormalities and executive function impairment co-occur in bipolar disorder. Recent studies have shown that bipolar subtypes differ in the degree of structural and functional impairments. The relationships between cognitive performance and cortical integrity have not been clarified and might differ across patients with bipolar disorder type I, II, and healthy subjects. METHOD Using a vertex-wise whole-brain analysis, we investigated how cortical integrity, as measured by cortical thickness, correlates with executive performance in patients with bipolar disorder type I, II, and controls (N = 160). RESULTS We found focal associations between executive function and cortical thickness in the medial prefrontal cortex in bipolar II patients and controls, but not in bipolar I disorder. In bipolar II patients, we observed additional correlations in lateral prefrontal and occipital regions. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that bipolar disorder patients show altered structure-function relationships, and importantly that those relationships may differ between bipolar subtypes. The findings are line with studies suggesting subtype-specific neurobiological and cognitive profiles. This study contributes to a better understanding of brain structure-function relationships in bipolar disorder and gives important insights into the neuropathophysiology of diagnostic subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. Abé
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - S. Rolstad
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg UniversityGothenburgSweden
| | - P. Petrovic
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - C.‐J. Ekman
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - T. Sparding
- Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg UniversityGothenburgSweden
| | - M. Ingvar
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden
| | - M. Landén
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska InstitutetStockholmSweden,Institute of Neuroscience and PhysiologySahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg UniversityGothenburgSweden,Center for Experimental Drugs and DiagnosticsMassachusetts General HospitalHarvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
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41
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Donix M, Haussmann R, Helling F, Zweiniger A, Lange J, Werner A, Donix KL, Brandt MD, Linn J, Bauer M, Buthut M. Cognitive impairment and medial temporal lobe structure in young adults with a depressive episode. J Affect Disord 2018; 237:112-117. [PMID: 29803901 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive deficits are common in patients with a depressive episode although the predictors for their development and severity remain elusive. We investigated whether subjective and objective cognitive impairment in young depressed adults would be associated with cortical thinning in medial temporal subregions. METHODS High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging, cortical unfolding data analysis, and comprehensive assessments of subjective and objective cognitive abilities were performed on 27 young patients with a depressive episode (mean age: 29.0 ± 5.8 years) and 23 older participants without a history of a depressive disorder but amnestic mild cognitive impairment (68.5 ± 6.6 years) or normal cognition (65.2 ± 8.7 years). RESULTS Thickness reductions in parahippocampal, perirhinal and fusiform cortices were associated with subjective memory deficits only among young patients with a depressive episode and a measurable cognitive impairment. LIMITATIONS Long-term longitudinal data would be desirable to determine the trajectories of cognitive impairment associated with depression in patients with or without cortical structure changes. CONCLUSIONS The presence of clinically significant cognitive deficits in young people with a depressive episode may identify a patient population with extrahippocampal cortical thinning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Donix
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 01307 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Robert Haussmann
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Franziska Helling
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Anne Zweiniger
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jan Lange
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Annett Werner
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Katharina L Donix
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Moritz D Brandt
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Jennifer Linn
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Maria Buthut
- Department of Psychiatry, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307 Dresden, Germany; Department of Neurology (Neustadt/Trachau), Städtisches Klinikum Dresden, Industriestr. 40, 01129 Dresden, Germany
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42
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Hibar DP, Westlye LT, Doan NT, Jahanshad N, Cheung JW, Ching CRK, Versace A, Bilderbeck AC, Uhlmann A, Mwangi B, Krämer B, Overs B, Hartberg CB, Abé C, Dima D, Grotegerd D, Sprooten E, Bøen E, Jimenez E, Howells FM, Delvecchio G, Temmingh H, Starke J, Almeida JRC, Goikolea JM, Houenou J, Beard LM, Rauer L, Abramovic L, Bonnin M, Ponteduro MF, Keil M, Rive MM, Yao N, Yalin N, Najt P, Rosa PG, Redlich R, Trost S, Hagenaars S, Fears SC, Alonso-Lana S, van Erp TGM, Nickson T, Chaim-Avancini TM, Meier TB, Elvsåshagen T, Haukvik UK, Lee WH, Schene AH, Lloyd AJ, Young AH, Nugent A, Dale AM, Pfennig A, McIntosh AM, Lafer B, Baune BT, Ekman CJ, Zarate CA, Bearden CE, Henry C, Simhandl C, McDonald C, Bourne C, Stein DJ, Wolf DH, Cannon DM, Glahn DC, Veltman DJ, Pomarol-Clotet E, Vieta E, Canales-Rodriguez EJ, Nery FG, Duran FLS, Busatto GF, Roberts G, Pearlson GD, Goodwin GM, Kugel H, Whalley HC, Ruhe HG, Soares JC, Fullerton JM, Rybakowski JK, Savitz J, Chaim KT, Fatjó-Vilas M, Soeiro-de-Souza MG, Boks MP, Zanetti MV, Otaduy MCG, Schaufelberger MS, Alda M, Ingvar M, Phillips ML, Kempton MJ, Bauer M, Landén M, Lawrence NS, van Haren NEM, Horn NR, Freimer NB, Gruber O, Schofield PR, Mitchell PB, Kahn RS, Lenroot R, Machado-Vieira R, Ophoff RA, Sarró S, Frangou S, Satterthwaite TD, Hajek T, Dannlowski U, Malt UF, Arolt V, Gattaz WF, Drevets WC, Caseras X, Agartz I, Thompson PM, Andreassen OA. Cortical abnormalities in bipolar disorder: an MRI analysis of 6503 individuals from the ENIGMA Bipolar Disorder Working Group. Mol Psychiatry 2018; 23:932-942. [PMID: 28461699 PMCID: PMC5668195 DOI: 10.1038/mp.2017.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 440] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Despite decades of research, the pathophysiology of bipolar disorder (BD) is still not well understood. Structural brain differences have been associated with BD, but results from neuroimaging studies have been inconsistent. To address this, we performed the largest study to date of cortical gray matter thickness and surface area measures from brain magnetic resonance imaging scans of 6503 individuals including 1837 unrelated adults with BD and 2582 unrelated healthy controls for group differences while also examining the effects of commonly prescribed medications, age of illness onset, history of psychosis, mood state, age and sex differences on cortical regions. In BD, cortical gray matter was thinner in frontal, temporal and parietal regions of both brain hemispheres. BD had the strongest effects on left pars opercularis (Cohen's d=-0.293; P=1.71 × 10-21), left fusiform gyrus (d=-0.288; P=8.25 × 10-21) and left rostral middle frontal cortex (d=-0.276; P=2.99 × 10-19). Longer duration of illness (after accounting for age at the time of scanning) was associated with reduced cortical thickness in frontal, medial parietal and occipital regions. We found that several commonly prescribed medications, including lithium, antiepileptic and antipsychotic treatment showed significant associations with cortical thickness and surface area, even after accounting for patients who received multiple medications. We found evidence of reduced cortical surface area associated with a history of psychosis but no associations with mood state at the time of scanning. Our analysis revealed previously undetected associations and provides an extensive analysis of potential confounding variables in neuroimaging studies of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- D P Hibar
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA,Janssen Research & Development, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - L T Westlye
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - N T Doan
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - N Jahanshad
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - J W Cheung
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - C R K Ching
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA,Neuroscience Interdepartmental Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - A Versace
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - A C Bilderbeck
- University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - A Uhlmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Groote Schuur Hospital (J-2), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - B Mwangi
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - B Krämer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - B Overs
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C B Hartberg
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - C Abé
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - D Dima
- Department of Psychology, City University London, London, UK,Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - D Grotegerd
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - E Sprooten
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - E Bøen
- Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Jimenez
- Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - F M Howells
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - G Delvecchio
- IRCCS "E. Medea" Scientific Institute, San Vito al Tagliamento, Italy
| | - H Temmingh
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J Starke
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - J R C Almeida
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - J M Goikolea
- Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Houenou
- INSERM U955 Team 15 ‘Translational Psychiatry’, University Paris East, APHP, CHU Mondor, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France,NeuroSpin, UNIACT Lab, Psychiatry Team, CEA Saclay, Gif Sur Yvette, France
| | - L M Beard
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - L Rauer
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - L Abramovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Bonnin
- Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - M F Ponteduro
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Keil
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - M M Rive
- Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - N Yao
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - N Yalin
- Centre for Affective Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - P Najt
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - P G Rosa
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - R Redlich
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - S Trost
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - S Hagenaars
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - S C Fears
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,West Los Angeles Veterans Administration, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Alonso-Lana
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - T G M van Erp
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - T Nickson
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - T M Chaim-Avancini
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - T B Meier
- Department of Neurosurgery, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA,Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - T Elvsåshagen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - U K Haukvik
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Adult Psychiatry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - W H Lee
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - A H Schene
- Department of Psychiatry, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A J Lloyd
- Academic Psychiatry and Northern Centre for Mood Disorders, Newcastle University/Northumberland Tyne & Wear NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle, UK
| | - A H Young
- Centre for Affective Disorders, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - A Nugent
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - A M Dale
- MMIL, Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA,Department of Cognitive Science, Neurosciences and Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - A Pfennig
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - A M McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - B Lafer
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B T Baune
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - C J Ekman
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - C A Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - C E Bearden
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - C Henry
- INSERM U955 Team 15 ‘Translational Psychiatry’, University Paris East, APHP, CHU Mondor, Fondation FondaMental, Créteil, France,Institut Pasteur, Unité Perception et Mémoire, Paris, France
| | - C Simhandl
- Bipolar Center Wiener Neustadt, Wiener Neustadt, Austria
| | - C McDonald
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - C Bourne
- University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Department of Psychology & Counselling, Newman University, Birmingham, UK
| | - D J Stein
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa,MRC Unit on Anxiety and Stress Disorders, Groote Schuur Hospital (J-2), University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - D H Wolf
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - D M Cannon
- Centre for Neuroimaging & Cognitive Genomics (NICOG), Clinical Neuroimaging Laboratory, NCBES Galway Neuroscience Centre, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - D C Glahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - D J Veltman
- Department of Psychiatry, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - E Pomarol-Clotet
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - E Vieta
- Hospital Clinic, IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, CIBERSAM, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E J Canales-Rodriguez
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - F G Nery
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - F L S Duran
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G F Busatto
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Roberts
- School of Psychiatry and Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - G D Pearlson
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA,Olin Neuropsychiatric Research Center, Institute of Living, Hartford Hospital, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - G M Goodwin
- University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - H Kugel
- Department of Clinical Radiology, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - H C Whalley
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - H G Ruhe
- University Department of Psychiatry and Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK,Program for Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - J C Soares
- UT Center of Excellence on Mood Disorders, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, USA
| | - J M Fullerton
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J K Rybakowski
- Department of Adult Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, Poland
| | - J Savitz
- Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA,Faculty of Community Medicine, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, OK, USA
| | - K T Chaim
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,LIM44-Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Neuroradiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Fatjó-Vilas
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - M G Soeiro-de-Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M P Boks
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M V Zanetti
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M C G Otaduy
- Department of Radiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,LIM44-Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Neuroradiology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M S Schaufelberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,Center for Interdisciplinary Research on Applied Neurosciences (NAPNA), University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M Alda
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - M Ingvar
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Department of Neuroradiology, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M L Phillips
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - M J Kempton
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - M Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - M Landén
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Osher Centre, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden,Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The Sahlgrenska Academy at the Gothenburg University, Goteborg, Sweden
| | - N S Lawrence
- Department of Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - N E M van Haren
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - N R Horn
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - N B Freimer
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - O Gruber
- Section for Experimental Psychopathology and Neuroimaging, Department of General Psychiatry, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P R Schofield
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - P B Mitchell
- School of Psychiatry and Black Dog Institute, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R S Kahn
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - R Lenroot
- Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia,School of Psychiatry, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - R Machado-Vieira
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil,National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - R A Ophoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - S Sarró
- FIDMAG Germanes Hospitalàries Research Foundation, Barcelona, Spain,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - S Frangou
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - T D Satterthwaite
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - T Hajek
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada,National Institute of Mental Health, Klecany, Czech Republic
| | - U Dannlowski
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - U F Malt
- Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Department of Research and Education, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - V Arolt
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - W F Gattaz
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - W C Drevets
- Janssen Research & Development, Titusville, NJ, USA
| | - X Caseras
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - I Agartz
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Department of Psychiatric Research, Diakonhjemmet Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - P M Thompson
- Imaging Genetics Center, Mark and Mary Stevens Institute for Neuroimaging & Informatics, University of Southern California, Marina del Rey, CA, USA
| | - O A Andreassen
- NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research, Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway,NORMENT, KG Jebsen Centre for Psychosis Research—TOP Study, Oslo University Hospital, Ullevål, Building 49, Kirkeveien 166, PO Box 4956, Nydalen, 0424, Oslo, Norway. E-mail:
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43
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Mishra VR, Zhuang X, Sreenivasan KR, Banks SJ, Yang Z, Bernick C, Cordes D. Multimodal MR Imaging Signatures of Cognitive Impairment in Active Professional Fighters. Radiology 2017; 285:555-567. [PMID: 28741982 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2017162403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether combining multiple magnetic resonance (MR) imaging modalities such as T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted MR imaging could reveal imaging biomarkers associated with cognition in active professional fighters. Materials and Methods Active professional fighters (n = 297; 24 women and 273 men) were recruited at one center. Sixty-two fighters (six women and 56 men) returned for a follow-up examination. Only men were included in the main analysis of the study. On the basis of computerized testing, fighters were separated into the cognitively impaired and nonimpaired groups on the basis of computerized testing. T1-weighted and diffusion-weighted imaging were performed, and volume and cortical thickness, along with diffusion-derived metrics of 20 major white matter tracts were extracted for every subject. A classifier was designed to identify imaging biomarkers related to cognitive impairment and was tested in the follow-up dataset. Results The classifier allowed identification of seven imaging biomarkers related to cognitive impairment in the cohort of active professional fighters. Areas under the curve of 0.76 and 0.69 were obtained at baseline and at follow-up, respectively, with the optimized classifier. The number of years of fighting had a significant (P = 8.8 × 10-7) negative association with fractional anisotropy of the forceps major (effect size [d] = 0.34) and the inferior longitudinal fasciculus (P = .03; d = 0.17). A significant difference was observed between the impaired and nonimpaired groups in the association of fractional anisotropy in the forceps major with number of fights (P = .03, d = 0.38) and years of fighting (P = 6 × 10-8, d = 0.63). Fractional anisotropy of the inferior longitudinal fasciculus was positively associated with psychomotor speed (P = .04, d = 0.16) in nonimpaired fighters but no association was observed in impaired fighters. Conclusion Without enforcement of any a priori assumptions on the MR imaging-derived measurements and with a multivariate approach, the study revealed a set of seven imaging biomarkers that were associated with cognition in active male professional fighters. © RSNA, 2017 Online supplemental material is available for this article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virendra R Mishra
- From the Department of Imaging Research, Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, 888 W Bonneville Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89106
| | - Xiaowei Zhuang
- From the Department of Imaging Research, Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, 888 W Bonneville Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89106
| | - Karthik R Sreenivasan
- From the Department of Imaging Research, Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, 888 W Bonneville Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89106
| | - Sarah J Banks
- From the Department of Imaging Research, Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, 888 W Bonneville Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89106
| | - Zhengshi Yang
- From the Department of Imaging Research, Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, 888 W Bonneville Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89106
| | - Charles Bernick
- From the Department of Imaging Research, Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, 888 W Bonneville Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89106
| | - Dietmar Cordes
- From the Department of Imaging Research, Cleveland Clinic Lou Ruvo Center for Brain Health, 888 W Bonneville Ave, Las Vegas, NV 89106
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Takayanagi Y, Kulason S, Sasabayashi D, Takahashi T, Katagiri N, Sakuma A, Obara C, Nakamura M, Kido M, Furuichi A, Nishikawa Y, Noguchi K, Matsumoto K, Mizuno M, Ratnanather JT, Suzuki M. Reduced Thickness of the Anterior Cingulate Cortex in Individuals With an At-Risk Mental State Who Later Develop Psychosis. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:907-913. [PMID: 28338751 PMCID: PMC5472106 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the fact that only a part of the individuals with at-risk mental state (ARMS) for psychosis do develop psychosis, biological markers of future transition to psychosis have not been well documented. Structural abnormality of the anterior cingulate gyrus (ACG), which probably exists prior to the onset of psychosis, could be such a risk marker. METHODS We conducted a multicenter magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of 3 scanning sites in Japan. 1.5-T 3D MRI scans were obtained from 73 ARMS subjects and 74 age- and gender-matched healthy controls. We measured thickness, volume, and surface area of the ACG using labeled cortical distance mapping and compared these measures among healthy controls, ARMS subjects who later converted to overt psychosis (ARMS-C), and those who did not (ARMS-NC). RESULTS Seventeen of 73 (23%) ARMS subjects developed overt psychosis within the follow-up period. The thickness of the left ACG was significantly reduced in ARMS-C relative to healthy subjects (P = .026) while both ARMS-C (P = .001) and ARMS-NC (P = .01) had larger surface areas of the left ACG compared with healthy controls. CONCLUSION Further studies will be needed to identify potential markers of future transition to psychosis though cortical thinning of the ACG might be one of the candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoichiro Takayanagi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 9300194, Japan
| | - Sue Kulason
- Center for Imaging Science and Institute for Computational Medicine, The Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Daiki Sasabayashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 9300194, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Takahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 9300194, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Katagiri
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sakuma
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Chika Obara
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Mihoko Nakamura
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 9300194, Japan
| | - Mikio Kido
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 9300194, Japan
| | - Atsushi Furuichi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 9300194, Japan
| | - Yumiko Nishikawa
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 9300194, Japan
| | - Kyo Noguchi
- Department of Radiology, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kazunori Matsumoto
- Department of Psychiatry, Tohoku University Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi, Japan
| | - Masafumi Mizuno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Toho University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - J. Tilak Ratnanather
- Center for Imaging Science and Institute for Computational Medicine, The Whitaker Biomedical Engineering Institute, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Michio Suzuki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, University of Toyama Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2630 Sugitani, Toyama 9300194, Japan
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45
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Tandon N, Nanda P, Padmanabhan JL, Mathew IT, Eack SM, Narayanan B, Meda SA, Bergen SE, Ruaño G, Windemuth A, Kocherla M, Petryshen TL, Clementz B, Sweeney J, Tamminga C, Pearlson G, Keshavan MS. Novel gene-brain structure relationships in psychotic disorder revealed using parallel independent component analyses. Schizophr Res 2017; 182:74-83. [PMID: 27789186 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2016.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and psychotic bipolar disorder overlap with regard to symptoms, structural and functional brain abnormalities, and genetic risk factors. Neurobiological pathways connecting genes to clinical phenotypes across the spectrum from schizophrenia to psychotic bipolar disorder remain largely unknown. METHODS We examined the relationship between structural brain changes and risk alleles across the psychosis spectrum in the multi-site Bipolar-Schizophrenia Network for Intermediate Phenotypes (B-SNIP) cohort. Regional MRI brain volumes were examined in 389 subjects with a psychotic disorder (139 schizophrenia, 90 schizoaffective disorder, and 160 psychotic bipolar disorder) and 123 healthy controls. 451,701 single-nucleotide polymorphisms were screened and processed using parallel independent component analysis (para-ICA) to assess associations between genes and structural brain abnormalities in probands. RESULTS 482 subjects were included after quality control (364 individuals with psychotic disorder and 118 healthy controls). Para-ICA identified four genetic components including several risk genes already known to contribute to schizophrenia and bipolar disorder and revealed three structural components that showed overlapping relationships with the disease risk genes across the three psychotic disorders. Functional ontologies representing these gene clusters included physiological pathways involved in brain development, synaptic transmission, and ion channel activity. CONCLUSIONS Heritable brain structural findings such as reduced cortical thickness and surface area in probands across the psychosis spectrum were associated with somewhat distinct genes related to putative disease pathways implicated in psychotic disorders. This suggests that brain structural alterations might represent discrete psychosis intermediate phenotypes along common neurobiological pathways underlying disease expression across the psychosis spectrum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Tandon
- Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Ctr, Boston, MA, USA; Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA.
| | - Pranav Nanda
- Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Ctr, Boston, MA, USA; College of Physicians & Surgeons, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jaya L Padmanabhan
- Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Ctr, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ian T Mathew
- Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Ctr, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Shaun M Eack
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Balaji Narayanan
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Shashwath A Meda
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sarah E Bergen
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA; Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | | | | | - Tracey L Petryshen
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Center for Human Genetic Research and Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Brett Clementz
- Department of Psychology, Department of Neuroscience, Bio-Imaging Research Center, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA
| | | | | | - Godfrey Pearlson
- Olin Neuropsychiatry Research Center, Hartford, CT, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Neurobiology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Matcheri S Keshavan
- Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Ctr, Boston, MA, USA
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46
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Knöchel C, Kniep J, Cooper JD, Stäblein M, Wenzler S, Sarlon J, Prvulovic D, Linden DEJ, Bahn S, Stocki P, Ozcan S, Alves G, Carvalho AF, Reif A, Oertel-Knöchel V. Altered apolipoprotein C expression in association with cognition impairments and hippocampus volume in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2017; 267:199-212. [PMID: 27549216 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-016-0724-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic analyses facilitate the interpretation of molecular biomarker probes which are very helpful in diagnosing schizophrenia (SZ). In the current study, we attempt to test whether potential differences in plasma protein expressions in SZ and bipolar disorder (BD) are associated with cognitive deficits and their underlying brain structures. Forty-two plasma proteins of 29 SZ patients, 25 BD patients and 93 non-clinical controls were quantified and analysed using multiple reaction monitoring-based triple quadrupole mass spectrometry approach. We also computed group comparisons of protein expressions between patients and controls, and between SZ and BD patients, as well. Potential associations of protein levels with cognitive functioning (psychomotor speed, executive functioning, crystallised intelligence) as well as underlying brain volume in the hippocampus were explored, using bivariate correlation analyses. The main finding of this study was that apolipoprotein expression differed between patients and controls and that these alterations in both disease groups were putatively related to cognitive impairments as well as to hippocampus volumes. However, none of the protein level differences were related to clinical symptom severity. In summary, altered apolipoprotein expression in BD and SZ was linked to cognitive decline and underlying morphological changes in both disorders. Our results suggest that the detection of molecular patterns in association with cognitive performance and its underlying brain morphology is of great importance for understanding of the pathological mechanisms of SZ and BD, as well as for supporting the diagnosis and treatment of both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Knöchel
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - Jonathan Kniep
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jason D Cooper
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Stäblein
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Brain Imaging Centre, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Sofia Wenzler
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
- Brain Imaging Centre, Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jan Sarlon
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David Prvulovic
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - David E J Linden
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, School of Medicine, Institute of Psychological Medicine and Clinical Neurosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pawel Stocki
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Psynova Neurotech Ltd, Cambridge, UK
| | - Sureyya Ozcan
- Institute of Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Gilberto Alves
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Andre F Carvalho
- Translational Psychiatry Research Group, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Ceara, Fortaleza, CE, Brazil
| | - Andreas Reif
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Viola Oertel-Knöchel
- Laboratory for Neuroimaging, Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Goethe University, Heinrich-Hoffmann-Str. 10, 60528, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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47
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MAOA rs1137070 and heroin addiction interactively alter gray matter volume of the salience network. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45321. [PMID: 28345608 PMCID: PMC5366902 DOI: 10.1038/srep45321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2016] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The rs1137070 polymorphism of monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) is associated with alcoholism and smoking behavior. However, the association between rs1137070 and heroin addiction remains unclear. In this study, we examined the allelic distribution of rs1137070 in 1,035 heroin abusers and 2,553 healthy controls and investigated the interactive effects of rs1137070 and heroin addiction on gray matter volume (GMV) based on 78 heroin abusers and 79 healthy controls. The C allele frequency of rs1137070 was significantly higher in heroin abusers. Heroin addiction and the rs1137070 variant interactively altered measures of GMV in the anterior cingulate cortex, orbital frontal cortex, temporal pole, and insula, which were correlated with cognitive function. Heroin abusers with the C allele had lower measures of GMV in these regions than the healthy controls with the same allele, whereas those with the T allele displayed a different trend. The altered brain regions were connected with white matter tracts, yielding a structural network that partially overlapped with the salience network. These findings suggest that the low activity-related C allele of MAOA rs1137070 is associated with an increase in the sensitivity to heroin addiction and the damaging effects of heroin abuse on cognition and the salience network.
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48
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A comparison of neurometabolites between remitted bipolar disorder and depressed bipolar disorder: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy study. J Affect Disord 2017; 211:153-161. [PMID: 28126615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Revised: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent many studies found the abnormal neurometabolites in the acute bipolar disorder (BD). However, limited studies were to detect neurometabolites in remitted BD, comparison between acute and remitted BD is conductive to understand the outcome of neurometabolites. This study sought to investigate the differences in neurometabolites between remitted and depressed BD patients using proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS). METHODS Three subject groups were enrolled: 22 remitted BD patients, 22 depressed BD patients and 24 healthy controls. All subjects underwent 1H-MRS to measure N-acetylaspartate (NAA), Choline (Cho), myo-Inositol (mI) and Creatine (Cr) of several bilateral areas potentially involved in BD: prefrontal whiter matter (PWM), thalamus and putamen. The neurometabolite ratios were compared among three groups. The correlations between abnormal neurometabolite ratios and clinical data were computed. RESULTS The lower bilateral PWM NAA/Cr ratios were found in depressed BD patients than remitted BD patients and healthy controls, no differences were found between the remitted BD patients and controls. For depressed BD patients, left PWM NAA/Cr ratios showed negative correlation with age of onset, right PWM NAA/Cr ratios showed positive correlation with duration of illness. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest the abnormal neurometabolites in the prefrontal lobe whiter may occur in the depressed BD. The remitted BD may resemble healthy subjects in terms of neurometabolites. In addition, abnormal neurometabolites in prefrontal lobe whiter may correlate with the age of onset and illness length.
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Czepielewski LS, Wang L, Gama CS, Barch DM. The Relationship of Intellectual Functioning and Cognitive Performance to Brain Structure in Schizophrenia. Schizophr Bull 2017; 43:355-364. [PMID: 27369471 PMCID: PMC5605271 DOI: 10.1093/schbul/sbw090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Schizophrenia (SZ) is often characterized by cognitive and intellectual impairment. However, there is much heterogeneity across individuals, suggesting different trajectories of the illness. Recent findings have shown brain volume differences across subgroups of individuals with psychosis (SZ and bipolar disorder), such that those with intellectual and cognitive impairments presented evidence of early cerebral disruption, while those with cognitive but not intellectual impairments showed evidence of progressive brain abnormalities. Our aim was to investigate the relations of cognition and intellectual functioning with brain structure abnormalities in a sample of SZ compared to unaffected individuals. METHODS 92 individuals with SZ and 94 healthy controls part of the Northwestern University Schizophrenia Data and Software Tool (NUSDAST) underwent neuropsychological assessment and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Individuals with SZ were divided into subgroups according their estimated premorbid crystallized intellectual (ePMC-IQ) and cognitive performance. Brain volumes differences were investigated across groups. RESULTS SZ with ePMC-IQ and cognitive impairments had reduced total brain volume (TBV), intracranial volume (ICV), TBV corrected for ICV, and cortical gray matter volume, as well as reduced cortical thickness, and insula volumes. SZ with cognitive impairment but intact ePMC-IQ showed only reduced cortical gray matter volume and cortical thickness. CONCLUSIONS These data provide additional evidence for heterogeneity in SZ. Impairments in cognition associated with reduced ePMC-IQ were related to evidence of broad brain structural alterations, including suggestion of early cerebral disruption. In contrast, impaired cognitive functioning in the context of more intact intellectual functioning was associated with cortical alterations that may reflect neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Sanguinetti Czepielewski
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO;,Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Lei Wang
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Radiology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Clarissa S. Gama
- Laboratório de Psiquiatria Molecular, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Psiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Deanna M. Barch
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO;,Departments of Psychiatry and Radiology, Washington University in St Louis, St Louis, MO
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Niu M, Wang Y, Jia Y, Wang J, Zhong S, Lin J, Sun Y, Zhao L, Liu X, Huang L, Huang R. Common and Specific Abnormalities in Cortical Thickness in Patients with Major Depressive and Bipolar Disorders. EBioMedicine 2017; 16:162-171. [PMID: 28109831 PMCID: PMC5474436 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2017.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Revised: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD) are severe psychiatric diseases with overlapping symptomatology. Although previous studies reported abnormal brain structures in MDD or BD patients, the disorder-specific underlying neural mechanisms remain poorly understood. The purpose of this study was to investigate the whole-brain gray matter morphological patterns in unmedicated patients with MDD or BD and to identify the shared and disease-specific brain morphological alterations in these two disorders. We acquired high-resolution brain structural MRI data from a sample of 36 MDD patients, 32 BD patients, and 30 healthy controls. Using FreeSurfer, we estimated their brain cortical thickness (CT) and compared between-group difference in multiple locations across the continuous cortical surface. Compared to the healthy controls, both the MDD and BD patient groups showed significantly reduced CT in the left inferior temporal cortex (ITC). However, compared to the MDD patients, the BD patients showed a significantly thinner CT in the left rostral middle frontal region. In addition, compared to the healthy controls, the BD patients displayed thinner CT in the left ITC, left frontal pole (FPO), left superior frontal, right lateral occipital, right pars triangularis (PTRI) and right lateral orbitofrontal regions. Further analysis revealed a significantly positive correlation between the mean CT in the left FPO and the onset age, but a negative correlation between the mean CT in the right PTRI and the number of episodes, in the BD patients. Our findings revealed that the BD and MDD patients had variations in CT that were in common, but many more that were distinct, suggesting potential differences in their neural mechanisms. We found thinner CT in the left ITC in both MDD and BD groups compared to controls. We detected thinner CT in the left rMFC in the BD group compared to the MDD group. The BD group had more pronounced abnormality in CT primarily in the PFC than the MDD group. Clinical variables of BD group were associated with decreased CT in the left FPO and right PTRI.
This study aims to detect abnormal cortical thickness in patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) or bipolar disorder (BD), and to identify the shared and disease-specific brain morphological alterations in these two disorders. The two patient groups showed several common but more distinct variation patterns in cortical thickness, and the BD patients had lower cortical thickness in widespread brain areas than the MDD and the controls. These findings may have potential clinical implications for distinguishing BD from MDD patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiqi Niu
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, Brain Study Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Clinical Experimental Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China; Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Yanbin Jia
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Junjing Wang
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, Brain Study Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Shuming Zhong
- Department of Psychiatry, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiabao Lin
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, Brain Study Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Yao Sun
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China
| | - Ling Zhao
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, Brain Study Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Xiaojin Liu
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, Brain Study Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Li Huang
- Medical Imaging Center, First Affiliated Hospital of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | - Ruiwang Huang
- Center for the Study of Applied Psychology, Key Laboratory of Mental Health and Cognitive Science of Guangdong Province, School of Psychology, Brain Study Institute, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
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