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Hidalgo-Lanussa O, González Santos J, Barreto GE. Sex-specific vulnerabilities in human astrocytes underpin the differential impact of palmitic acid. Neurobiol Dis 2024; 195:106489. [PMID: 38552721 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2024.106489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Revised: 03/22/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and neurometabolic diseases have been linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Our hypothesis is that the endogenous estrogenic component of human astrocytes plays a critical role in cell response during lipotoxic damage, given that obesity can disrupt hormonal homeostasis and cause brain inflammation. Our findings showed that high concentrations of palmitic acid (PA) significantly reduced cell viability more in male astrocytes, indicating sex-specific vulnerabilities. PA induced a greater increase in cytosolic reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in males, while female astrocytes exhibited higher superoxide ion levels in mitochondria. In addition, female astrocytes treated with PA showed increased expression of antioxidant proteins, including catalase, Gpx-1 and Nrf2 suggesting a stronger cellular defence mechanism. Interestingly, there was a difference in the expression of estrogenic components, such as estrogen, androgens, and progesterone receptors, as well as aromatase and 5α-reductase enzymes, between males and females. PA induced their expression mainly in females, indicating a potential protective mechanism mediated by endogenous hormones. In summary, our findings highlight the impact of sex on the response of human astrocytes to lipotoxicity. Male astrocytes appear to be more susceptible to cellular damage when exposed to high concentrations of fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar Hidalgo-Lanussa
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland
| | - Janneth González Santos
- Departamento de Nutrición y Bioquímica, Facultad de Ciencias, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogotá D.C., Colombia
| | - George E Barreto
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
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Gao L, Hu S, Yang D, Wang L, Togo J, Wu Y, Li B, Li M, Wang G, Zhang X, Li L, Xu Y, Mazidi M, Couper E, Whittington-Davies A, Niu C, Speakman JR. The hedonic overdrive model best explains high-fat diet-induced obesity in C57BL/6 mice. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2024; 32:733-742. [PMID: 38410048 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-fat diets cause obesity in male mice; however, the underlying mechanisms remain controversial. Here, three contrasting ideas were assessed: hedonic overdrive, reverse causality, and passive overconsumption models. METHODS A total of 12 groups of 20 individually housed 12-week-old C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to 12 high-fat diets with varying fat content from 40% to 80% (by calories), protein content from 5% to 30%, and carbohydrate content from 8.4% to 40%. Body weight and food intake were monitored for 30 days after 7 days at baseline on a standard low-fat diet. RESULTS After exposure to the diets, energy intake increased first, and body weight followed later. Intake then declined. The peak energy intake was dependent on both dietary protein and carbohydrate, but not the dietary fat and energy density, whereas the rate of decrease in intake was only related to dietary protein. On high-fat diets, the weight of food intake declined, but despite this average reduction of 14.4 g in food intake, they consumed, on average, 357 kJ more energy than at baseline. CONCLUSIONS The hedonic overdrive model fit the data best. The other two models were not supported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Gao
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Sumei Hu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Dengbao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jacques Togo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yingga Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baoguo Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Min Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Guanlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yanchao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Moshen Mazidi
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Elspeth Couper
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | | | - Chaoqun Niu
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - John R Speakman
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Metabolic Health, Center for Energy Metabolism and Reproduction, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
- Institute of Public Health Sciences, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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3
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Ding L, Yang J, Guo H, Cong P, Xu J, Xue C, Mao X, Zhang T, Wang Y. Dietary Eicosapentaenoic Acid Containing Phosphoethanolamine Plasmalogens Remodels the Lipidome of White Adipose Tissue and Suppresses High-Fat Diet Induced Obesity in Mice. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200321. [PMID: 37439463 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary supplementation of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)/eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) can alter the lipidome profiles of adipocytes, thereby counteract obesity. DHA/EPA in the form of phospholipids demonstrates higher bioavailability than triglyceride or ethyl ester (EE), but their effects on the lipidome and metabolic changes during obesity are still unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS High-fat diet-induced obese mice are treated with different molecular forms of EPA, and EPA supplemented as phosphoethanolamine plasmalogens (PlsEtn) has a superior effect on reducing fat mass accumulation than phosphatidylcholine (PC) or EE. The lipidomics analysis indicates that EPA in form of PlsEtn but not PC or EE significantly decreases total PC and sphingomyelin content in white adipose tissue (WAT). Some specific polyunsaturated fatty acid -containing PCs and ether phospholipids are increased in EPA-PlsEtn-fed mice, which may attribute to the upregulation of unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and fatty acid elongation reactions in WAT. In addition, the expression of genes related to fatty acid catabolism is also promoted by EPA-PlsEtn supplementation, which may cause the decreased content of saturated and monounsaturated fatty acid-containing PCs. CONCLUSIONS EPA-PlsEtn supplementation is demonstrated to remodel lipidome and regulate the fatty acid metabolic process in WAT, indicating it may serve as a new strategy for obesity treatment in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Ding
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Jinyue Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Haoran Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, P. R. China
| | - Peixu Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Xiangzhao Mao
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, P. R. China
| | - Yuming Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No.1299 Sansha Road, Qingdao, Shandong, 266000, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao, Shandong, 266237, P. R. China
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Zarkesh M, Safarian M, Asghari G, Daneshafrooz A, Yuzbashian E, Hedayati M, Mirmiran P, Khalaj A. Is Habitual Dietary Intake of Fats Associated with Apelin Gene Expression in Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissues and Its Serum Levels in Obese Adults? Public Health Genomics 2022; 26:16-23. [PMID: 36481653 DOI: 10.1159/000526961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Apelin could be one of the last protective defenses before developing obesity-related disorders, including insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension, which can be modified by dietary intake. The present study investigated the association of habitual intake of total fatty acids (TFAs), saturated-, monounsaturated-, polyunsaturated FAs, n-3, and n-6 FAs with Apelin expression in visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). METHODS We obtained VAT and SAT from 168 participants (64 nonobese and 104 obese) who had undergone open abdominal surgery. Dietary intake information was gathered with a valid and reliable food frequency questionnaire. The mRNA expression of the Apelin gene was analyzed by real-time PCR. RESULTS Apelin serum levels were increased in the obese subjects compared to the nonobese group (p = 0.016). The SAT and VAT Apelin mRNA levels were significantly elevated in the obese participants compared to the nonobese ones (p < 0.05). Based on BMI status, only obese subjects indicated a positive association between SAT and VAT Apelin expression and TFA intake (p < 0.001). However, this association was observed between SAT and VAT Apelin gene expression and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) and n-3 FA intakes in both obese and nonobese groups (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION High Apelin gene expression was associated with TFA intake in obese subjects in both fat tissues. However, habitual intake of PUFA and n-3 FA was associated with Apelin gene expression in obese and nonobese individuals. Our results indicate a determinative role of the quality and quantity of FA intake on adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Zarkesh
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Safarian
- Department of Biochemistry of Nutrition Sciences, Biochemistry of Nutrition Research Center, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Golaleh Asghari
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afsoon Daneshafrooz
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Emad Yuzbashian
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mehdi Hedayati
- Cellular and Molecular Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Khalaj
- Department of Surgery, Tehran Obesity Treatment Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
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PPARγ Gene as a Possible Link between Acquired and Congenital Lipodystrophy and its Modulation by Dietary Fatty Acids. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224742. [PMID: 36432429 PMCID: PMC9693235 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipodystrophy syndromes are rare diseases that could be of genetic or acquired origin. The main complication of lipodystrophy is the dysfunction of adipose tissue, which leads to an ectopic accumulation of triglycerides in tissues such as the liver, pancreas and skeletal muscle. This abnormal fat distribution is associated with hypertriglyceridemia, insulin resistance, liver steatosis, cardiomyopathies and chronic inflammation. Although the origin of acquired lipodystrophies remains unclear, patients show alterations in genes related to genetic lipodystrophy, suggesting that this disease could be improved or aggravated by orchestrating gene activity, for example by diet. Nowadays, the main reason for adipose tissue dysfunction is an imbalance in metabolism, caused in other pathologies associated with adipose tissue dysfunction by high-fat diets. However, not all dietary fats have the same health implications. Therefore, this article aims to summarize the main genes involved in the pathophysiology of lipodystrophy, identify connections between them and provide a systematic review of studies published between January 2017 and January 2022 of the dietary fats that can modulate the development of lipodystrophy through transcriptional regulation or the regulation of protein expression in adipocytes.
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Medeiros CS, de Sousa Neto IV, Silva KKS, Cantuária APC, Rezende TMB, Franco OL, de Cassia Marqueti R, Freitas-Lima LC, Araujo RC, Yildirim A, Mackenzie R, Alves Almeida J. The Effects of High-Protein Diet and Resistance Training on Glucose Control and Inflammatory Profile of Visceral Adipose Tissue in Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:1969. [PMID: 34201185 PMCID: PMC8227719 DOI: 10.3390/nu13061969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 05/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
High-protein diets (HPDs) are widely accepted as a way to stimulate muscle protein synthesis when combined with resistance training (RT). However, the effects of HPDs on adipose tissue plasticity and local inflammation are yet to be determined. This study investigated the impact of HPDs on glucose control, adipocyte size, and epididymal adipose inflammatory biomarkers in resistance-trained rats. Eighteen Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups: normal-protein (NPD; 17% protein total dietary intake) and HPD (26.1% protein) without RT and NPD and HPD with RT. Trained groups received RT for 12 weeks with weights secured to their tails. Glucose and insulin tolerance tests, adipocyte size, and an array of cytokines were determined. While HPD without RT induced glucose intolerance, enlarged adipocytes, and increased TNF-α, MCP-1, and IL1-β levels in epididymal adipose tissue (p < 0.05), RT diminished these deleterious effects, with the HPD + RT group displaying improved blood glucose control without inflammatory cytokine increases in epididymal adipose tissue (p < 0.05). Furthermore, RT increased glutathione expression independent of diet (p < 0.05). RT may offer protection against adipocyte hypertrophy, pro-inflammatory states, and glucose intolerance during HPDs. The results highlight the potential protective effects of RT to mitigate the maladaptive effects of HPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Stela Medeiros
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Ivo Vieira de Sousa Neto
- Laboratório de Análises Moleculares, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Tecnologias em Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal 72220-275, Brazil; (I.V.d.S.N.); (R.d.C.M.)
| | - Keemilyn Karla Santos Silva
- Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance—PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
| | - Ana Paula Castro Cantuária
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Distrito Federal 70790-160, Brazil; (A.P.C.C.); (T.M.B.R.); (O.L.F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Taia Maria Berto Rezende
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Distrito Federal 70790-160, Brazil; (A.P.C.C.); (T.M.B.R.); (O.L.F.)
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal 70910-900, Brazil
| | - Octávio Luiz Franco
- Centro de Análises Proteômicas e Bioquímicas, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Genômicas e Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica de Brasília, Distrito Federal 70790-160, Brazil; (A.P.C.C.); (T.M.B.R.); (O.L.F.)
- S-Inova Biotech, Porgrama de Pós-Graduação em Biotecnologia, Universidade Católica Dom Bosco, Campo Grande 79117-900, Brazil
| | - Rita de Cassia Marqueti
- Laboratório de Análises Moleculares, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências e Tecnologias em Saúde, Universidade de Brasília, Distrito Federal 72220-275, Brazil; (I.V.d.S.N.); (R.d.C.M.)
| | - Leandro Ceotto Freitas-Lima
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (L.C.F.-L.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Ronaldo Carvalho Araujo
- Departamento de Biofísica, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo 04039-032, Brazil; (L.C.F.-L.); (R.C.A.)
| | - Azize Yildirim
- Department of Life Science, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4DJ, UK; (A.Y.); (R.M.)
| | - Richard Mackenzie
- Department of Life Science, Whitelands College, University of Roehampton, London SW15 4DJ, UK; (A.Y.); (R.M.)
| | - Jeeser Alves Almeida
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Saúde e Desenvolvimento na Região Centro-Oeste, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
- Research in Exercise and Nutrition in Health and Sports Performance—PENSARE, Graduate Program in Movement Sciences, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79070-900, Brazil;
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Bernier-Graveline A, Lesage V, Cabrol J, Lair S, Michaud R, Rosabal M, Verreault J. Lipid metabolites as indicators of body condition in highly contaminant-exposed belugas from the endangered St. Lawrence Estuary population (Canada). ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2021; 192:110272. [PMID: 33038366 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2020.110272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The endangered St. Lawrence Estuary (SLE) beluga population is declining and has shown no sign of recovery over the past decades despite several protective measures. Changes in the availability of food resources and exposure to organohalogen contaminants have been suggested as potential factors limiting the recovery of this population. Studies on SLE belugas have suggested that contaminant exposure may perturb energy metabolism, however, whether this translates into changes in energy reserves (lipid composition) and body condition is unknown. The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between body condition and concentrations of organohalogens (polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorine pesticides, and flame retardants) and a range of lipid metabolites (fatty acids, acylcarnitines, lysophosphatidylcholines, phosphatidylcholines, and sphingomyelins) in blubber samples collected from 51 SLE beluga carcasses recovered between 1998 and 2016 for which the cause of mortality was documented. Blubber Σ9fatty acid concentrations in SLE belugas significantly decreased between 1998 and 2016, suggesting a decline in energy reserves over the past two decades. Concentrations of several phosphatidylcholine analogues were greater in blubber of beluga males and/or females that were in poor body condition compared to those in good body condition. Moreover, concentrations of phosphatidylcholine acyl-alkyl C32:2 were greater in females that died from primary starvation (poor body condition). Greater concentrations of Σ12emerging flame retardants were also found in blubber of SLE beluga females that were in poorer body condition. This study suggests that the use of membrane lipids including phosphatidylcholine concentrations may be a good indicator of body condition and energy reserve status in blubber of marine mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Bernier-Graveline
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Véronique Lesage
- Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, P.O. Box 1000, 850 route de la Mer, Mont-Joli, QC, G5H 3Z4, Canada
| | - Jory Cabrol
- Maurice Lamontagne Institute, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, P.O. Box 1000, 850 route de la Mer, Mont-Joli, QC, G5H 3Z4, Canada
| | - Stéphane Lair
- Canadian Wildlife Health Cooperative, Faculté de médecine vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, St. Hyacinthe, QC, J2S 2M2, Canada
| | - Robert Michaud
- Group for Research and Education on Marine Mammals, Tadoussac, QC, G0T 2A0, Canada
| | - Maikel Rosabal
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Jonathan Verreault
- Centre de recherche en toxicologie de l'environnement (TOXEN), Département des sciences biologiques, Université du Québec à Montréal, P.O. Box 8888, Succursale Centre-ville, Montréal, QC, H3C 3P8, Canada.
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AlKhattaf NF, Alraddadi AM, Aljarbou MA, Arnauti MA, Alfaleh AM, Hammouda SA. Determining the correlation between olive oil consumption, BMI, and waist circumference in the adult Saudi population. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2020; 15:380-386. [PMID: 33132810 PMCID: PMC7564903 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 07/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to explore the correlation between dietary intake of olive oil, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference (WC). Methods In this cross-sectional study, we recruited 200 participants aged 20–30 years using pre-determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. Demographic data was collected via a questionnaire, while dietary data was collected for two days using a 24-hour dietary recall. Anthropometric data such as BMI and WC were collected, and all the information was entered into the Diet Organizer software and statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) software for statistical analysis. The test results were assessed on the basis of a significance level of 95% (p < 0.05). Results We did not find a significant difference in BMI and WC between high and low olive oil consumers. Carbohydrate intake was significantly higher among low olive oil consumers. Although high olive oil consumers had a significantly higher caloric intake, they had a similar BMI compared to low olive oil consumers. Conclusion This study provides baseline data on the intake of olive oil in a Saudi cohort aged 20–30 years. This study suggests that high olive oil intake may have a role in maintaining body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Sahar A Hammouda
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Almadinah Almunawwarah, KSA
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9
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Sharma P, Agnihotri N. Fish oil and corn oil induced differential effect on beiging of visceral and subcutaneous white adipose tissue in high-fat-diet-induced obesity. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 84:108458. [PMID: 32738734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2020.108458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is characterised by excessive accumulation of fat in white adipose tissue (WAT) which is compartmentalised into two anatomically and functionally diverse depots - visceral and subcutaneous. Advice to substitute essential polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for saturated fatty acids is a cornerstone of various obesity management strategies. Despite an array of reports on the role of essential PUFAs on obesity, there still exists a lacuna on their mode of action in distinct depots i.e. visceral (VWAT) and subcutaneous (SWAT). The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of fish oil and corn oil on VWAT and SWAT in high-fat-diet-induced rodent model of obesity. Fish oil (FO) supplementation positively ameliorated the effects of HFD by regulating the anthropometrical and serum lipid parameters. FO led to an overall reduction in fat mass in both depots while specifically inducing beiging of adipocytes in SWAT as indicated by increased UCP1 and PGC1α. We also observed an upregulation of AMPKα and ACC1/2 phosphorylation on FO supplementation in SWAT suggesting a role of AMPK-PGC1α-UCP1 axis in beiging of adipose tissue. On the other hand, corn oil supplementation did not show any improvements in adipose tissue metabolism in both the depots of adipose tissue. The results were analysed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test in Graphpad Prism 5.0. Combined together our results suggest that n-3 PUFAs exert their anti-obesity effect by regulating adipokine secretion and inducing beiging of SWAT, hence increasing energy expenditure via thermogenic upregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prerna Sharma
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India
| | - Navneet Agnihotri
- Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh, 160014, India.
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10
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Lipid Deposition and Mobilisation in Atlantic Salmon Adipocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072332. [PMID: 32230940 PMCID: PMC7177889 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to elucidate how Atlantic salmon adipocytes pre-enriched with palmitic (16:0, PA), oleic (18:1n−9, OA), or eicosapentaenoic (20:5n−3, EPA) acid respond to a fasting condition mimicked by nutrient deprivation and glucagon. All experimental groups were supplemented with radiolabeled PA to trace secreted lipids and distribution of radioactivity in different lipid classes. There was a higher content of intracellular lipid droplets in adipocytes pre-enriched with OA than in adipocytes pre-enriched with PA or EPA. In the EPA group, the radiolabeled PA was mainly esterified in phospholipids and triacylglycerols, whereas in the OA and PA groups, the radioactivity was mainly recovered in phospholipids and cholesterol-ester. By subjecting the experimental groups to nutrient-deprived media supplemented with glucagon, lipolysis occurred in all groups, although to a lower extent in the OA group. The lipids were mainly secreted as esterified lipids in triacylglycerols and phospholipids, indicating mobilization in lipoproteins. A significant proportion was secreted as free fatty acids and glycerol. Leptin secretion was reduced in all experimental groups in response to fasting, while the mitochondria area responded to changes in the energy supply and demand by increasing after 3 h of fasting. Overall, different lipid classes in adipocytes influenced their mobilization during fasting.
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Zhuang P, Lu Y, Shou Q, Mao L, He L, Wang J, Chen J, Zhang Y, Jiao J. Differential Anti-Adipogenic Effects of Eicosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids in Obesity. Mol Nutr Food Res 2019; 63:e1801135. [PMID: 31140724 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201801135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE To assess the associations of plasma eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with body fat in a population-based sample and explore the mechanism of action based on browning of white adipose tissue (WAT) in high-fat-diet-induced obese (DIO) mice and 3T3-L1 adipocytes. METHODS AND RESULTS Plasma EPA and DHA of 1719 adults in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2003-2004) are determined by gas chromatography mass spectrometry, while total body fat is measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. DIO mice are fed a high-fat diet supplemented with EPA or DHA (1% wt/wt) for 15 weeks and 3T3-L1 preadipocytes are treated with EPA or DHA during differentiation. Plasma DHA but not EPA is associated with lower body fat mass (ptrend < 0.0001), which persists in overweight/obese subjects (ptrend = 0.02). DHA supplementation reduces inguinal WAT and exhibits a more pronounced thermogenic effect than EPA in DIO mice. In vitro, the browning process is induced after 2-day and 6-day treatment with DHA and EPA, respectively. CONCLUSION Plasma DHA but not EPA is inversely associated with body fat mass. The more potent anti-adipogenic effect of DHA than EPA may involve a better capability of inducing browning of WAT for DHA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pan Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanhua Lu
- Institute of Aging Research, Hangzhou Normal University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 311121, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qiyang Shou
- Experimental Animal Research Center & Institute of Comparative Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Mao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lilin He
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingnan Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Postharvest Handling of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingjing Jiao
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, China
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12
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Kochan K, Kus E, Szafraniec E, Wislocka A, Chlopicki S, Baranska M. Changes induced by non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in liver sinusoidal endothelial cells and hepatocytes: spectroscopic imaging of single live cells at the subcellular level. Analyst 2018; 142:3948-3958. [PMID: 28944783 DOI: 10.1039/c7an00865a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is the most prevalent liver disorder worldwide, involving pathogenic mechanisms of liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs), hepatocytes and other liver cells. Here, we used a novel approach of label-free Raman confocal imaging to study primary LSECs and hepatocytes freshly isolated from the livers of mice with NAFLD induced by a high fat diet (HFD), in comparison to healthy controls. Our aim was to characterize changes in the biochemical composition in LSECs and hepatocytes that occur in a single cell at the subcellular level. LSECs from NAFLD livers displayed a significant increase in the intensity of marker bands of nuclear DNA that was not associated with changes in LSEC nucleus size. A number of changes in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes were identified. However, the most prominent change in hepatocytes was a substantial increase in the degree of unsaturation of LBs' (lipid bodies) lipids in NAFLD, suggesting an increase in the de novo lipogenesis of unsaturated lipids. The confocal Raman imaging of single live cells isolated from the liver provided a unique tool to better understand disease-induced cell-specific changes in the biochemical phenotype of primary liver cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Kochan
- Centre for Biospectroscopy and School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, 3800, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Pacia MZ, Czamara K, Zebala M, Kus E, Chlopicki S, Kaczor A. Rapid diagnostics of liver steatosis by Raman spectroscopyviafiber optic probe: a pilot study. Analyst 2018; 143:4723-4731. [DOI: 10.1039/c8an00289d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Raman spectroscopyviafiber optic probes enables assessment of the liver condition and rapid quantification of liver steatosis, thus, this technique has the potential as a diagnostic tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Z. Pacia
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-348 Krakow
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | - Krzysztof Czamara
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-348 Krakow
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | - Magdalena Zebala
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-348 Krakow
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
| | - Edyta Kus
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-348 Krakow
- Poland
| | - Stefan Chlopicki
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-348 Krakow
- Poland
- Chair of Pharmacology
| | - Agnieszka Kaczor
- Jagiellonian Centre for Experimental Therapeutics (JCET)
- Jagiellonian University
- 30-348 Krakow
- Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry
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Kinsella R, Maher T, Clegg ME. Coconut oil has less satiating properties than medium chain triglyceride oil. Physiol Behav 2017; 179:422-426. [PMID: 28689741 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
It is well established that the consumption of medium-chain triglycerides (MCT) can increase satiety and reduce food intake. Many media articles promote the use of coconut oil for weight loss advocating similar health benefits to that of MCT. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of MCT oil compared to coconut oil and control oil on food intake and satiety. Following an overnight fast, participants consumed a test breakfast smoothie containing 205kcal of either (i) MCT oil (ii) coconut oil or (iii) vegetable oil (control) on three separate test days. Participants recorded appetite ratings on visual analogue scales and were presented with an ad libitum lunch meal of preselected sandwiches 180min after consumption of the breakfast. The results showed a significant difference in energy and macronutrient intakes at the ad libitum meal between the three oils with the MCT oil reducing food intake compared to the coconut and control oil. Differences in food intake throughout the day were found for energy and fat, with the control having increased food intake compared to the MCT and coconut. The MCT also increased fullness over the three hours after breakfast compared to the control and coconut oils. The coconut oil was also reported as being less palatable than the MCT oil. The results of this study confirm the differences that exist between MCT and coconut oil such that coconut oil cannot be promoted as having similar effects to MCT oil on food intake and satiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kinsella
- Functional Food Centre, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - T Maher
- Functional Food Centre, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK
| | - M E Clegg
- Functional Food Centre, Department of Sport and Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Gipsy Lane, Oxford OX3 0BP, UK.
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15
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Hazarika A, Kalita H, Kalita MC, Devi R. Withdrawal from high-carbohydrate, high-saturated-fat diet changes saturated fat distribution and improves hepatic low-density-lipoprotein receptor expression to ameliorate metabolic syndrome in rats. Nutrition 2017; 38:95-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2017.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 01/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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16
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Ma W, Huang T, Heianza Y, Wang T, Sun D, Tong J, Williamson DA, Bray GA, Sacks FM, Qi L. Genetic Variations of Circulating Adiponectin Levels Modulate Changes in Appetite in Response to Weight-Loss Diets. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2017; 102:316-325. [PMID: 27841942 PMCID: PMC5413100 DOI: 10.1210/jc.2016-2909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Adiponectin plays key roles in regulating appetite and food intake. OBJECTIVE To investigate interactions between the genetic risk score (GRS) for adiponectin levels and weight-loss diets varying in macronutrient intake on long-term changes in appetite and adiponectin levels. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A GRS was calculated based on 5 adiponectin-associated variants in 692 overweight adults from the 2-year Preventing Overweight Using Novel Dietary Strategies trial. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Repeated measurements of plasma adiponectin levels and appetite-related traits, including cravings, fullness, prospective consumption, and hunger. RESULTS Dietary fat showed nominally significant interactions with the adiponectin GRS on changes in appetite score and prospective consumption from baseline to 6 months (P for interaction = 0.014 and 0.017, respectively) after adjusting for age, sex, ethnicity, baseline body mass index, and baseline respective outcome values. The GRS for lower adiponectin levels was associated with a greater decrease in appetite (P < 0.001) and prospective consumption (P = 0.008) among participants consuming a high-fat diet, whereas no significant associations were observed in the low-fat group. Additionally, a significant interaction was observed between the GRS and dietary fat on 6-month changes in adiponectin levels (P for interaction = 0.021). The lower GRS was associated with a greater increase in adiponectin in the low-fat group (P = 0.02), but it was not associated with adiponectin changes in the high-fat group (P = 0.31). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that individuals with varying genetic architecture of circulating adiponectin may respond divergently in appetite and adiponectin levels to weight-loss diets varying in fat intake.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112;
| | - Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112;
| | - Tiange Wang
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112;
| | - Dianjianyi Sun
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112;
| | - Jenny Tong
- Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina 27703;
| | - Donald A. Williamson
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center of the Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; and
| | - George A. Bray
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center of the Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana 70808; and
| | - Frank M. Sacks
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology and
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts 02115;
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, Louisiana 70112;
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115
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Ehsani B, Moslehi N, Mirmiran P, Ramezani Tehrani F, Tahmasebinejad Z, Azizi F. A visceral adiposity index-related dietary pattern and the cardiometabolic profiles in women with polycystic ovary syndrome. Clin Nutr 2015; 35:1181-7. [PMID: 26699405 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Visceral adiposity index (VAI), an indicator of visceral adiposity, has been found to be associated with cardiometabolic disturbances in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). The association of dietary intakes with VAI, and subsequently cardiometabolic variables is still unclear. The aims of this study were to identify a dietary pattern associated with VAI and to investigate whether this pattern is associated with cardiometabolic variables in PCOS women. METHODS The study was conducted on 53 PCOS women, aged 18-45 years, diagnosed according to National Institutes of Health (NIH) criteria, and 167 age-matched normo-ovulatory women who were recruited from the Tehran Lipid and Glucose Study. Reduced rank regression was applied to determine a dietary pattern that explains the maximum variation of the VAI. Associations between the dietary pattern and cardiometabolic profiles were investigated using linear and logistic regression, adjusted for age and BMI. RESULTS A VAI dietary pattern was identified characterized by high consumption of fried vegetables, vegetable oils (except olive oil), salty snacks, legumes, eggs, fast foods and low consumption of traditional sweets, high and low fat dairy, cruciferous vegetables, sugars and honey. A one standard deviation (SD) increase in dietary pattern score was significantly associated with higher triglycerides (TGs) (βcontrol = 0.22, p = 0.003; βcase = 0.48, p = 0.001) and TGs/HDL-C ratio (βcontrol = 0.23, p = 0.002; βcase = 0.52, p = 0.001) in both groups. After adjusting for age and BMI, a 1-SD increase in dietary pattern score was associated with increased risk of VAD in PCOS (OR 2.77; 95% CI 1.15, 6.66) and control groups (OR 2.41; 95% CI 1.41-4.12). In the control group, the risk of hypercholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, high LDL-C, low HDL-C, hyperglycemia and IGT + IFG increased significantly per 1-SD increase in dietary pattern score, which all remained significant after adjusting for age and BMI, except for the risk of high LDL-C. Among the cardiometabolic abnormalities, only the risk of hypertriglyceridemia was significantly associated with dietary pattern score in women with PCOS, which lost its significance after adjusting for age and BMI. CONCLUSION The VAI dietary pattern affects most cardiometabolic variables in controls, but to a lesser extent in PCOS women. Our study suggests that relationships between diet and cardiometabolic risk profiles may be modified by PCOS status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Behnaz Ehsani
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition Sciences and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nazanin Moslehi
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parvin Mirmiran
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fahimeh Ramezani Tehrani
- Reproductive Endocrinology Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zhale Tahmasebinejad
- Nutrition and Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fereidoun Azizi
- Endocrine Research Center, Research Institute for Endocrine Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Dey A, Allen J, Hankey-Giblin PA. Ontogeny and polarization of macrophages in inflammation: blood monocytes versus tissue macrophages. Front Immunol 2015; 5:683. [PMID: 25657646 PMCID: PMC4303141 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The explosion of new information in recent years on the origin of macrophages in the steady-state and in the context of inflammation has opened up numerous new avenues of investigation and possibilities for therapeutic intervention. In contrast to the classical model of macrophage development, it is clear that tissue-resident macrophages can develop from yolk sac-derived erythro-myeloid progenitors, fetal liver progenitors, and bone marrow-derived monocytes. Under both homeostatic conditions and in response to pathophysiological insult, the contribution of these distinct sources of macrophages varies significantly between tissues. Furthermore, while all of these populations of macrophages appear to be capable of adopting the polarized M1/M2 phenotypes, their respective contribution to inflammation, resolution of inflammation, and tissue repair remains poorly understood and is likely to be tissue- and disease-dependent. A better understanding of the ontology and polarization capacity of macrophages in homeostasis and disease will be essential for the development of novel therapies that target the inherent plasticity of macrophages in the treatment of acute and chronic inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adwitia Dey
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA ; Graduate Program in Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA
| | - Joselyn Allen
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA ; Graduate Program in Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA
| | - Pamela A Hankey-Giblin
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA ; Graduate Program in Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA ; Graduate Program in Immunology and Infectious Disease, The Pennsylvania State University , University Park, PA , USA
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Alvarado CB, Vázquez JS, Oscoy MASC, Acosta OG, Robledo LA. Efecto de la administración subcrónica de glucosamina oral en la regulación del peso corporal, glucemia y dislipidemias provocada por una dieta hipercalórica en rata Wistar. REV NUTR 2014. [DOI: 10.1590/1415-52732014000600004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Objetivo: Este estudio evaluó el efecto de la glucosamina oral en el sobrepeso y dislipidemia provocada por una dieta hipercalórica en ratas.Métodos: En 4 grupos de ratas Wistar: alimentados con dieta comercial para roedores y agua de beber sin grupo de control y con glucosamina (500 mg/kg-1 por día) grupo glucosamina y con dieta hipercalórica enriquecida al 24% (g/g) compuesta por manteca de cerdo y agua de beber sin grupo hipercalórico y con glucosamina grupo hipercalórico + grupo glucosamina, durante 22 semanas, se evaluaron el peso corporal, grasa abdominal, niveles de glucemia, triglicéridos, colesterol total y lipoproteínas de alta densidad en suero.Resultados: Se observó un aumento del peso corporal y glucemia en suero con dislipidemias en el grupo con dieta hipercalórica grupo hipercalórico versusgrupo de controle (p<0.001); al administrarse glucosamina para esta misma dieta grupo hipercalórico + grupo glucosamina se minimizaron los efectos presentados, disminuyendo la cantidad de grasa abdominal y los niveles del perfil lípido en suero (p>0.05) y regulándose el peso corporal, las lipoproteínas de alta densidad y la glucemia basal (p<0.05).Conclusion: La glucosamina reguló el peso corporal y la glucemia en sangre y minimizó las dislipidemias provocadas por la dieta hipercalórica, favoreciendo el aumento de colesterol lipoproteínas de alta densidad en las ratas. No afectó el peso corporal y el metabolismo lipídico cuando se administró con dieta comercial.
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Harant-Farrugia I, Garcia J, Iglesias-Osma MC, Garcia-Barrado MJ, Carpéné C. Is there an optimal dose for dietary linoleic acid? Lessons from essential fatty acid deficiency supplementation and adipocyte functions in rats. J Physiol Biochem 2014; 70:615-27. [PMID: 24488489 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-014-0315-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Differential effects of n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) have been demonstrated on adipose tissue physiology. Facing to the widely recognized beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs, the n-6 PUFA effects remain controversial. Thus, we further analyzed the linoleic acid (LA) influence on adipocyte functions. To this aim, we treated by LA supplementation at three distinct doses (1, 2.5, or 5% of energy intake) rats with essential fatty acids deficiency (EFAD). PUFA composition was determined in blood and white adipose tissue (WAT), while lipolytic and lipogenic activities were measured in isolated adipocytes. EFAD rats exhibited reduced WAT mass and increased EFAD biomarkers. WAT mass was completely recovered after supplementation, irrespective of LA dose. However, neither body mass nor EFAD biomarkers returned to control with 1% LA, while LA abundance doubled in adipocytes from rats supplemented with 5% LA. Regarding lipolysis, 2.5% LA normalized the EFAD-induced alterations. A trend to decrease the maximal stimulation of lipolysis was observed with 1 and 5% LA. Regarding lipogenesis, the lower and higher LA doses increased basal activity and hampered insulin to further stimulate glucose incorporation into lipids whereas 2.5% LA normalized the basal or insulin-stimulated levels. Our results show that dietary linoleate at 2.5% restored anatomical, biochemical, and functional disturbances induced by EFAD. At higher dose, LA tended to reduce triacylglycerol breakdown, to increase triacylglycerol assembly, and to provoke insulin resistance. Therefore, LA influence on adipocyte functions does not appear to follow a typical dose-response relationship, adding further complexity to the definition of its dietary requirement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Harant-Farrugia
- Institut des Maladies Métaboliques et Cardiovasculaires, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM U1048) and Université Paul Sabatier, I2MC-UPS, 31432, Toulouse Cedex 4, France
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21
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Toren P, Mora BC, Venkateswaran V. Diet, obesity, and cancer progression: are adipocytes the link? Lipid Insights 2013; 6:37-45. [PMID: 25278767 PMCID: PMC4147777 DOI: 10.4137/lpi.s10871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity has been linked to more aggressive characteristics of several cancers, including breast and prostate cancer. Adipose tissue appears to contribute to paracrine interactions in the tumor microenvironment. In particular, cancer-associated adipocytes interact reciprocally with cancer cells and influence cancer progression. Adipokines secreted from adipocytes likely form a key component of the paracrine signaling in the tumor microenvironment. In vitro coculture models allow for the assessment of specific adipokines in this interaction. Furthermore, micronutrients and macronutrients present in the diet may alter the secretion of adipokines from adipocytes. The effect of dietary fat and specific fatty acids on cancer progression in several in vivo model systems and cancer types is reviewed. The more common approaches of caloric restriction or diet-induced obesity in animal models establish that such dietary changes modulate tumor biology. This review seeks to explore available evidence regarding how diet may modulate tumor characteristics through changes in the role of adipocytes in the tumor microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Toren
- Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Benjamin C Mora
- Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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22
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Relationships between dietary macronutrients and adult neurogenesis in the regulation of energy metabolism. Br J Nutr 2013; 109:1573-89. [PMID: 23433235 DOI: 10.1017/s000711451200579x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Of the environmental factors which have an impact on body weight, nutrients are most influential. Within normal limits, hypothalamic and related neuronal populations correct perturbations in energy metabolism, to return the body to its nutritional set-point, either through direct response to nutrients or indirectly via peripheral appetite signals. Excessive intake of certain macronutrients, such as simple carbohydrates and SFA, can lead to obesity and attendant metabolic dysfunction, also reflected in alterations in structural plasticity, and, intriguingly,neurogenesis, in some of these brain regions. Neurogenesis, previously thought to occur only in the embryo, is now known to take place in the adult brain, dependent on numerous stimulating and inhibiting factors, including dietary components. Because of classic associations between neurogenesis and the hippocampus, in learning and cognition, this brain region has also been the focus of attention in the study of links between diet and neurogenesis. Recently, however, a more complete picture of this relationship has been building: not only has the hypothalamus been shown to satisfy the criteria for a neurogenic niche, but appetite-related mediators, including circulating hormones, such as leptin and ghrelin, pro-inflammatory cytokines and the endocannabinoid intracellular messengers, are also being examined for their potential role in mediating neurogenic responses to macronutrients. The present review draws together these observations and investigates whether n-3 PUFA may exert their attenuating effects on body weight through the stimulation of adult neurogenesis. Exploration of the effects of nutraceuticals on neurogenic brain regions may encourage the development of new rational therapies in the fight against obesity.
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Abstract
Inflammation mediates several chronic diseases. Micronutrients can act on inflammation, either through modulating cytokine production or by scavenging by-products of activated white cells. Identifying dietary patterns (DP) reflecting these mechanisms and relating them to inflammation is of interest. The objective of the study was to identify DP specifically associated with intakes of nutrients potentially involved in inflammatory processes in a middle-aged population and investigate long-term associations between these DP and C-reactive protein (CRP) status assessed several years later. Subjects included in the Supplementation in Vitamins and Mineral Antioxidants 2 cohort study, having available data on dietary assessment carried out in 1994-5 and CRP measurement in 2007-9, were included in the analysis. DP were extracted with reduced rank regression (RRR), using antioxidant micronutrients and PUFA as response variables. Associations between CRP measurements >3 mg/l and extracted DP were then examined with logistic regression models providing OR and 95% CI. A total of 2031 subjects (53·2% women, mean follow-up duration: 12·5 years) were included in the analyses. Of the four extracted DP, a DP with high loading values of vegetables and vegetable oils, leading to high intakes of antioxidant micronutrients and essential fatty acids, was significantly and negatively associated with risk of elevated CRP (OR 0·88; 95% CI 0·78, 0·98). Conversely, a DP reflecting a high n-6:n-3 fatty acid intake ratio was positively and significantly associated with elevated CRP (adjusted OR 1·15; 95% CI 1·00, 1·32). DP extracted with RRR provide support for further exploration of relationships between dietary behaviour and inflammation.
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Lottenberg AM, Afonso MDS, Lavrador MSF, Machado RM, Nakandakare ER. The role of dietary fatty acids in the pathology of metabolic syndrome. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:1027-40. [PMID: 22749135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2012.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2011] [Revised: 03/07/2012] [Accepted: 03/14/2012] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunctional lipid metabolism is a key component in the development of metabolic syndrome, a very frequent condition characterized by dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, abdominal obesity and hypertension, which are related to an elevated risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is strongly associated with the severity of obesity; its physiopathology is related to both genetics and food intake habits, especially the consumption of a high-caloric, high-fat and high-carbohydrate diet. With the progress of scientific knowledge in the field of nutrigenomics, it was possible to elucidate how the majority of dietary fatty acids influence plasma lipid metabolism and also the genes expression involved in lipolysis and lipogenesis within hepatocytes and adipocytes. The aim of this review is to examine the relevant mechanistic aspects of dietary fatty acids related to blood lipids, adipose tissue metabolism, hepatic fat storage and inflammatory process, all of them closely related to the genesis of metabolic syndrome.
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Siriwardhana N, Kalupahana NS, Fletcher S, Xin W, Claycombe KJ, Quignard-Boulange A, Zhao L, Saxton AM, Moustaid-Moussa N. n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids differentially regulate adipose angiotensinogen and other inflammatory adipokines in part via NF-κB-dependent mechanisms. J Nutr Biochem 2012; 23:1661-7. [PMID: 22475809 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2011.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2011] [Revised: 10/16/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Excessive secretion of proinflammatory adipokines has been linked to metabolic disorders. We have previously documented anti-inflammatory effects of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs) in adipose tissue; however, the mechanisms by which these fatty acids regulate adipokine secretion remain unclear. Here, we determined differential effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, n-3 PUFA) vs. arachidonic acid (AA, n-6 PUFA) on expression and secretion of angiotensinogen (Agt), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP-1) in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. While both PUFAs increased intracellular Agt protein and mRNA expression, Agt secretion into culture media was increased only by AA treatment, which in turn was prevented by co-treatment with EPA. At various AA/EPA ratios, increasing AA concentrations significantly increased secretion of the above three adipokines, whereas increasing EPA dose-dependently, while lowering AA, decreased their secretion. Moreover, IL-6 and MCP-1 were more significantly reduced by EPA treatment compared to Agt (IL-6>MCP>Agt). Next, we tested whether nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), a major proinflammatory transcription factor, was involved in regulation of these adipokines by PUFAs. EPA significantly inhibited NF-κB activation compared to control or AA treatments. Moreover, EPA attenuated tumor necrosis factor-α-induced MCP-1 and further reduced its secretion in the presence of an NF-κB inhibitor. Taken together, we reported here novel beneficial effects of EPA in adipocytes. We demonstrated direct anti-inflammatory effects of EPA, which are at least in part due to the inhibitory effects of this n-3 PUFA on the NF-κB pathway in adipocytes. In conclusion, these studies further support beneficial effects of n-3 PUFAs in adipocyte inflammation and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nalin Siriwardhana
- Department of Animal Science, University of Tennessee (UT), Knoxville, TN, USA
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Caspar-Bauguil S, Fioroni A, Galinier A, Allenbach S, Pujol MC, Salvayre R, Cartier A, Lemieux I, Richard D, Biron S, Marceau P, Casteilla L, Pénicaud L, Mauriège P. Pro-inflammatory Phospholipid Arachidonic Acid/Eicosapentaenoic Acid Ratio of Dysmetabolic Severely Obese Women. Obes Surg 2012; 22:935-44. [DOI: 10.1007/s11695-012-0633-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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El Akoum S, Lamontagne V, Cloutier I, Tanguay JF. Nature of fatty acids in high fat diets differentially delineates obesity-linked metabolic syndrome components in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2011; 3:34. [PMID: 22166251 PMCID: PMC3277487 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-3-34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adverse effects of high-fat diets (HFD) on metabolic homeostasis are linked to adipose tissue dysfunction. The goal of this study was to examine the effect of the HFD nature on adipose tissue activity, metabolic disturbances and glucose homeostasis alterations in male mice compared with female mice. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were fed either a chow diet or HFD including vegetal (VD) or animal (AD) fat. Body weight, plasmatic parameters and adipose tissue mRNA expression levels of key genes were evaluated after 20 weeks of HFD feeding. RESULTS HFD-fed mice were significantly heavier than control at the end of the protocol. Greater abdominal visceral fat accumulation was observed in mice fed with AD compared to those fed a chow diet or VD. Correlated with weight gain, leptin levels in systemic circulation were increased in HFD-fed mice in both sexes with a significant higher level in AD group compared to VD group. Circulating adiponectin levels as well as adipose tissue mRNA expression levels were significantly decreased in HFD-fed male mice. Although its plasma levels remained unchanged in females, adiponectin mRNA levels were significantly reduced in adipose tissue of both HFD-fed groups with a more marked decrease in AD group compared to VD group. Only HFD-fed male mice were diabetic with increased fasting glycaemia. On the other hand, insulin levels were only increased in AD-fed group in both sexes associated with increased resistin levels. VD did not induce any apparent metabolic alteration in females despite the increased weight gain. Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors gamma-2 (PPARγ2) and estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) mRNA expression levels in adipose tissue were decreased up to 70% in HFD-fed mice but were more markedly reduced in male mice as compared with female mice. CONCLUSIONS The nature of dietary fat determines the extent of metabolic alterations reflected in adipocytes through modifications in the pattern of adipokines secretion and modulation of key genes mRNA expression. Compared with males, female mice demonstrate higher capacity in controlling glucose homeostasis in response to 20 weeks HFD feeding. Our data suggest gender specific interactions between the diet's fatty acid source, the adipocyte-secreted proteins and metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Souhad El Akoum
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger, Montréal (QC) H1T 1C8, Canada
- Département de Sciences Biomédicales, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 2900 boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal (QC) H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Vikie Lamontagne
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger, Montréal (QC) H1T 1C8, Canada
- Département de Sciences Biomédicales, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 2900 boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal (QC) H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Isabelle Cloutier
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger, Montréal (QC) H1T 1C8, Canada
| | - Jean-François Tanguay
- Montreal Heart Institute, 5000 Belanger, Montréal (QC) H1T 1C8, Canada
- Département de Sciences Biomédicales, Faculté de Médecine, Université de Montréal, 2900 boulevard Edouard-Montpetit, Montréal (QC) H3T 1J4, Canada
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Tovar AR, Díaz-Villaseñor A, Cruz-Salazar N, Ordáz G, Granados O, Palacios-González B, Tovar-Palacio C, López P, Torres N. Dietary type and amount of fat modulate lipid metabolism gene expression in liver and in adipose tissue in high-fat diet-fed rats. Arch Med Res 2011; 42:540-53. [PMID: 22023986 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2011.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Accepted: 10/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Dietary fat plays a central role in the development of obesity. However, the metabolic consequences of dietary fat can vary depending on their fatty acid composition. Therefore, the aim of the present work was to study the effect of the type and amount of dietary fat on the expression of genes controlling lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation in the liver or adipose tissue of rats. METHODS The expression of hepatic or adipose tissue lipid metabolic genes from Sprague Dawley or Zucker(fa/fa) rats, respectively, was measured after chronic consumption of diets containing different types/amounts of dietary fats or after rats were adapted for 2 months to a high-fat Western diet and then fed different types and amounts of fats. RESULTS Each fat or oil in the diet regulated differentially the expression of transcription factors involved in lipogenesis and fatty acid oxidation as well as some of its target genes in liver. The expression of these genes after a chronic consumption of a high-fat Western diet was reestablished in the presence of less dietary fat and was dependent on the type of fat. In obese Zucker(fa/fa) rats, consumption of a high-fat diet repressed the expression of lipogenic, fatty acid oxidation and thermogenic genes in adipose tissue. CONCLUSIONS Type of fat influences the expression of genes that are involved in lipid metabolism in liver and adipose tissue, but this response is repressed when the amount of dietary fat is excessive, diminishing the differences between each type of fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, México, D.F., Mexico
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Acute effects of epigallocatechin gallate from green tea on oxidation and tissue incorporation of dietary lipids in mice fed a high-fat diet. Int J Obes (Lond) 2011; 36:735-43. [PMID: 21750518 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2011.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine in mice the acute effects of epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a green tea bioactive polyphenol on substrate metabolism with focus on the fate of dietary lipids. METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were fed high-fat diets supplemented with EGCG extracted from green tea (TEAVIGO, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Basel, Switzerland) at different dosages up to 1% (w/w). Effects of EGCG on body composition (quantitative magnetic resonance), food intake and digestibility, oxidation and incorporation of exogenous lipids (stable isotope techniques: (13)C-labeled palmitate and diet supplemented with corn oil as a natural source of (13)C-enriched lipids) as well as gene expression (quantitative real-time PCR) in liver and intestinal mucosa were investigated. RESULTS Short-term supplementation (4-7 days) of dietary EGCG increased energy excretion, while food and energy intake were not affected. Fecal energy loss was accompanied by increased fat and nitrogen excretion. EGCG decreased post-prandial triglyceride and glycogen content in liver, increased oxidation of dietary lipids and decreased incorporation of dietary 13C-enriched lipids into fat tissues, liver and skeletal muscle. EGCG dose dependently reversed high-fat diet-induced effects on intestinal substrate transporters (CD36, FATP4 and SGLT1) and downregulated lipogenesis-related genes (ACC, FAS and SCD1) in liver in the post-prandial state. CONCLUSIONS Anti-obesity effects of EGCG can be explained by a decreased food digestibility affecting substrate metabolism of intestinal mucosa and liver, leading to increased post-prandial fat oxidation and reduced incorporation of dietary lipids into tissues.
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Tishinsky JM, Ma DWL, Robinson LE. Eicosapentaenoic acid and rosiglitazone increase adiponectin in an additive and PPARγ-dependent manner in human adipocytes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2011; 19:262-8. [PMID: 20814411 DOI: 10.1038/oby.2010.186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, an anti-inflammatory and insulin-sensitizing protein secreted from adipose tissue, may be modulated by dietary fatty acids, although the mechanism is not fully known. Our objective was to investigate the effect of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on adiponectin in cultured human adipocytes, and to elucidate the role of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ) in this regulation. Isolated human adipocytes were cultured for 48 h with 100 µmol/l eicosapentaenoic acid (C20:5n-3, EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (C22:6n-3, DHA), palmitic acid (C16:0), 100 µmol/l EPA plus 100 µmol/l DHA, or bovine serum albumin (control). Additionally, adipocytes were treated for 48 h with a PPARγ antagonist (BADGE) or agonist (rosiglitazone) in isolation or in conjunction with either EPA or DHA. At 48 h, EPA and DHA increased (P < 0.05) adiponectin secretion by 88 and 47%, respectively, while EPA, but not DHA, also increased (136%, P < 0.001) cellular adiponectin protein. Interestingly, PPARγ antagonism completely abolished the DHA-mediated increase in secreted adiponectin, but only partially attenuated the EPA-mediated response. Thus, EPA's effects on adiponectin do not appear to be entirely PPARγ mediated. Rosiglitazone increased (P < 0.001) the secreted and cellular adiponectin protein (90 and 582%, respectively). Finally, the effects of EPA and rosiglitazone on adiponectin secretion were additive (+230% at 48 h combined, compared to 121 and 124% by EPA or rosiglitazone alone, respectively). Overall, our findings emphasize the therapeutic importance of long-chain n-3 PUFA alone, or in combination with a PPARγ agonist, as a stimulator of adiponectin, a key adipokine involved in obesity and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine M Tishinsky
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, Animal Science and Nutrition Building, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
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31
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Walker CD. Maternal touch and feed as critical regulators of behavioral and stress responses in the offspring. Dev Psychobiol 2010; 52:638-50. [DOI: 10.1002/dev.20492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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32
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Lankinen M, Schwab U, Gopalacharyulu PV, Seppänen-Laakso T, Yetukuri L, Sysi-Aho M, Kallio P, Suortti T, Laaksonen DE, Gylling H, Poutanen K, Kolehmainen M, Oresic M. Dietary carbohydrate modification alters serum metabolic profiles in individuals with the metabolic syndrome. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2010; 20:249-257. [PMID: 19553094 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2009.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2008] [Revised: 03/29/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Whole-grain cereals and diets with a low glycemic index may protect against the development of type 2 diabetes and heart disease, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. We studied the effect of carbohydrate modification on serum metabolic profiles, including lipids and branched chain amino acids, and dependencies between these and specific gene expression pathways in adipose tissue. METHODS AND RESULTS Twenty subjects with metabolic syndrome were selected from the larger FUNGENUT study population, randomized either to a diet high in oat and wheat bread and potato (OWP) or rye bread and pasta (RP). Serum metabolomics analyses were performed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (UPLC/MS), gas chromatography (GC) and UPLC. In the OWP group multiple proinflammatory lysophosphatidylcholines increased, while in the RP group docosahexaenoic acid (DHA 22:6n-3) increased and isoleucine decreased. mRNA expression of stress reactions- and adipose tissue differentiation-related genes were up-regulated in adipose tissue in the OWP group. In the RP group, however, pathways related to stress reactions and insulin signaling and energy metabolism were down-regulated. The lipid profiles had the strongest association with the changes in the adipose tissue differentiation pathway when using the elastic net regression model of the lipidomic profiles on selected pathways. CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the dietary carbohydrate modification alters the serum metabolic profile, especially in lysoPC species, and may, thus, contribute to proinflammatory processes which in turn promote adverse changes in insulin and glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lankinen
- VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, Espoo, Finland.
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Influence of dietary macronutrient composition on adiposity and cellularity of different fat depots in Wistar rats. J Physiol Biochem 2009; 65:387-95. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03185934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2009] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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34
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Nascimento CMOD, Ribeiro EB, Oyama LM. Metabolism and secretory function of white adipose tissue: effect of dietary fat. AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2009; 81:453-66. [DOI: 10.1590/s0001-37652009000300010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 02/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Approximately 40% of the total energy consumed by western populations is represented by lipids, most of them being ingested as triacylglycerols and phospholipids. The focus of this review is to analyze the effect of the type of dietary fat on white adipose tissue metabolism and secretory function, particularly on haptoglobin, TNF-α, plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 and adiponectin secretion. Previous studies have demonstrated that the duration of the exposure to the high-fat feeding, amount of fatty acid present in the diet and the type of fatty acid may or may not have a significant effect on adipose tissue metabolism. However, the long-term or short-term high fat diets, especially rich in saturated fatty acids, probably by activation of toll-like receptors, stimulated the expression of proinflammatory adipokines and inhibited adiponectin expression. Further studies are needed to investigate the cellular mechanisms by which dietary fatty acids affect white adipose tissue metabolism and secretory functions.
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Pezeshkian M, Noori M, Najjarpour-Jabbari H, Abolfathi A, Darabi M, Darabi M, Shaaker M, Shahmohammadi G. Fatty acid composition of epicardial and subcutaneous human adipose tissue. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2009; 7:125-31. [PMID: 19422139 DOI: 10.1089/met.2008.0056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epicardial adipose tissue has special properties that distinguish it from the more widely studied depots of adipose tissue. OBJECTIVES We undertook this study to investigate regional differences between epicardial and subcutaneous adipose tissue fat composition, as well as associations between these measures and metabolic variables. METHODS Epicardial and subcutaneous peripheral adipose tissue were collected during coronary artery bypass grafting from 42 patients (ages 37-65) with coronary artery disease (CAD). The fatty acid composition of adipose tissue was determined by gas liquid chromatography (GLC). RESULTS The saturated fatty acids, including myristic acid (14:0), palmitic acid (16:0), and stearic acid (18:0), were higher, and the unsaturated fatty acids, including palmitoleic acid (16:1n-7), oleic acid (18:1n-9), linoleic acid (18:2n-6), and linolenic acid (18:3n-3), were lower than the subcutaneous adipose tissue. The presence of hypertension was positively correlated with the 16:1n-7 (r = 0.407, P = 0.032) and 18:1n-11(r = 0.370, P = 0.027), and negatively correlated with 18:1n-9 (r = -0.367, P = 0.036) and 18:2n-6 (r = -0.446, P = 0.006) contents of epicardial adipose tissue after adjustment for body mass index. CONCLUSIONS Regional differences may be observed in fatty acid composition, suggesting a depot specific impact of stored fatty acids on adipocyte function and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Pezeshkian
- Cardiovascular Research Center and 2Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tabriz University, Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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Abstract
The objective of the present study was to investigate the relationship between plasma n-3 PUFA composition and weight status. A total of 124 adults, stratified by weight status: healthy weight (n 21), overweight (n 40) and obese (n 63) were recruited. Fasting blood samples, anthropometric measures and body composition were collected. Plasma fatty acid composition was determined by GC. BMI, waist circumference and hip circumference were inversely correlated with n-3 PUFA, EPA and DHA (P < 0.05 for all) in the obese group. Obese individuals had significantly lower plasma concentrations of total n-3 PUFA, compared with healthy-weight individuals (4.53 (SD 1.11) v. 5.25 (SD 1.43) %). When subjects were pooled and stratified into quartiles of total n-3 PUFA, a significant inverse trend was found for BMI (P = 0.002), waist circumference and hip circumference (P = 0.01 and P < 0.001 respectively). Higher plasma levels of total n-3 PUFA are associated with a healthier BMI, waist circumference and hip circumference. Our findings suggest that n-3 PUFA may play an important role in weight status and abdominal adiposity.
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Bibliography. Current world literature. Nutrition and metabolism. Curr Opin Lipidol 2009; 20:63-72. [PMID: 19106709 DOI: 10.1097/mol.0b013e32832402a2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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Wang Q, Wu J, Zhang S, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Fan E. GC Analysis of the Fatty Acid Composition of Yak Kidney. Chromatographia 2008. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-008-0845-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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