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Ajabnoor SM, Jambi H, Bahijri S. Development and validation of a food frequency questionnaire in adult Saudi subjects in Jeddah city. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:9. [PMID: 38166899 PMCID: PMC10759497 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In Saudi Arabia, very limited studies have been conducted to evaluate the validity of culturally appropriate food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). The aim of this study was to validate a newly designed FFQ against two reference methods in Saudi adults. METHODS A new FFQ adapted from the Block FFQ was completed via interview and validated against three-day food records (3DFRs; n = 126) and 24-hour urinary urea nitrogen (UUN)-based protein intake estimates (n = 118) in adult Saudis living in Jeddah. FFQ-estimated nutrient intake was compared to the 3DFR and UUN methods using Pearson's correlations (r), Bland-Altman plots, and weighted kappa (κw) statistics. RESULTS This study included 126 participants (80 females and 46 males). The FFQ generally overreported nutrient intakes compared to the reference methods. The FFQ was strongly correlated with 3DFRs for energy, protein, carbohydrate, and total fat (r > 0.7); moderately correlated with cholesterol (r = 0.55) and iron (r = 0.44); and weakly correlated with the other micronutrients (r = 0.1-0.3). A moderate positive correlation for protein intake was found (r = 0.62) between the FFQ and 24-hour UUN method. The Bland-Altman analysis indicated the FFQ had an acceptable level of agreement with no significant proportional bias (P > 0.05) with the 3DFRs for energy, protein, total fat, and iron and with protein intake. Similarly, an acceptable level of agreement was found between the FFQ and the 24-hour UUN method for estimating protein intake. Cross-classification analysis showed that ≥ 50% of participants were ranked within the same quartile for energy, protein, and total fat. The FFQ showed good agreement with the 3DFRs for energy and protein (κw ≥ 0.61) and acceptable agreement with protein intake. An acceptable agreement was reported between the FFQ and 24-hour UUN method (κw = 0.56). Separate analyses of females and males showed stronger correlations and agreements between the FFQ and the two reference methods only in females. CONCLUSION The developed FFQ is an effective and valid tool for assessing dietary intake in Saudi adults. However, it still requires future optimization to improve its validity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Ajabnoor
- Clinical Nutrition Department, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hanan Jambi
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suhad Bahijri
- Food, Nutrition and Lifestyle Unit, King Fahd Medical Research Centre, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Saudi Diabetes Research Group, Deanship of Scientific Research, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Real Rodrigues CC, Riboldi BP, Rodrigues TDC, Sarmento RA, Antonio JP, de Almeida JC. Association of Eating Patterns and Diabetic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Ren Nutr 2023; 33:261-268. [PMID: 36270481 DOI: 10.1053/j.jrn.2022.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 09/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this cross-sectional study was to evaluate the relationship between eating patterns and diabetic kidney disease in patients with type 2 diabetes. METHODS Outpatients underwent clinical and nutritional evaluation. Dietary information was obtained through a validated quantitative food frequency questionnaire, and eating patterns were identified by cluster analysis. Diabetic kidney disease was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 and/or persistently elevated urinary albumin concentration (albuminuria ≥ 14 mg/L). Procedures involving patients were approved by the Hospital's Ethics Committee. Patients with type 2 diabetes treated at university hospital and tertiary referral center, southern Brazil. RESULTS A total of 329 patients were evaluated: mean age 62 ± 10 years, body mass index 30.9 ± 4.2 kg/m2, glycated hemoglobin 8.7% ± 2.0, and 10 (5 to 19) years of diabetes duration. Four eating patterns were identified based on cluster analysis: healthy= dairy products, fruits, and vegetables; snacks= dairy products, whole breads, vegetables, and low-calorie products; processed foods= refined carbohydrates and processed meat, and red meat= red meat. Poisson regression models confirmed that snack eaters (PR = 1.48, 95% CI 1.10, 1.99; P = .010) and red meat eaters (PR = 1.93, 95% CI 1.29, 2.89; P = .001) were associated with diabetic kidney disease. CONCLUSION In this sample of outpatients with type 2 diabetes, the patterns of snacks and red meat were associated with diabetic kidney disease as compared to a healthy pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia Corte Real Rodrigues
- Graduate Medical Sciences Program in Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bárbara Pelicioli Riboldi
- Graduate Medical Sciences Program in Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ticiana da Costa Rodrigues
- Graduate Medical Sciences Program in Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Roberta Aguiar Sarmento
- Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Peçanha Antonio
- Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jussara Carnevale de Almeida
- Graduate Medical Sciences Program in Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Nutrition and Dietetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil; Department of Nutrition, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
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Jones LM, de Marco K, Keener K, Monroe KE. Blood Pressure and Self-Management in Black Women with Hypertension: Protocol Revisions to the BRAINS Study due to the COVID-19 Pandemic (Preprint). JMIR Res Protoc 2022; 12:e43849. [PMID: 37104029 PMCID: PMC10176141 DOI: 10.2196/43849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic and the halt to in-person research activities beginning in March 2020 brought new challenges to protocol development and implementation. Due to the pandemic, we had to revise our protocol for the Brain Relationships Among Information, Neuroprocessing, and Self-Management (BRAINS) study, which was designed to examine health information behavior, brain activity, diabetes status, and self-management behavior among Black women with hypertension. OBJECTIVE This report outlines 7 steps describing how our research team (1) revised the BRAINS study protocol, (2) implemented a remote method of data collection, and (3) mitigated the challenges we faced. METHODS Prior to March 2020, Black women with hypertension were invited to participate in the BRAINS study to undergo a functional magnetic resonance imaging scan, complete surveys, have their blood pressure measured, and have their blood drawn. After these measures were collected, participants would receive phone calls from a dietician to complete two 24-hour dietary recalls using the Nutrition Data System for Research. Our revised protocol relied on a web-based, interactive approach. Participants received a study kit that included an Omron automatic home blood pressure monitor and a hemoglobin A1c kit from the DTIL laboratory. In a Zoom meeting with each participant, our team played an introductory video, administered surveys (via Qualtrics), and guided participants through measuring their blood pressure and performing a finger stick to collect a blood sample for hemoglobin A1c testing. We examined cognitive function using the TestMyBrain Digital Neuropsychology Toolkit, as we were unable to access the functional magnetic resonance imaging laboratory to assess brain activity. The 7 steps in revising our protocol were as follows: conceptualizing the move from in-person to remote study activities (step 1); contacting the funders (step 2); submitting changes for Institutional Review Board approval (step 3); preparing to implement the revised protocol (step 4); implementing the study changes (step 5); mitigating challenges (step 6); and evaluating protocol implementation (step 7). RESULTS Approximately 1700 individuals responded to web-based advertisements about the BRAINS study. A total of 131 individuals completed our eligibility screener. We conducted our first Zoom appointment in July 2020 and our last Zoom appointment in September 2020. Using our revised strategies, a total of 99 participants completed all study measures within a 3-month period. CONCLUSIONS In this report, we discuss successes and challenges in revising our protocol and reaching our population of interest remotely, safely, and effectively. The information we have outlined can help researchers create similar protocols to reach and conduct research remotely with diverse populations, such as individuals who are unable to participate in studies in person. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT IDENTIFIER (IRRID) DERR1-10.2196/43849.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenette M Jones
- Health Behavior and Biological Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Kayla de Marco
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Katharine Keener
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
| | - Korrey E Monroe
- School of Nursing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States
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Fernández-Cao JC, Aparicio E. Design, development and validation of Food Frequency Questionnaires for the diabetic population: protocol for a systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e058831. [PMID: 36123099 PMCID: PMC9486175 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-058831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The Food Frequency Questionnaire is one of the most widely used tools for estimating nutritional intake in epidemiological studies. No study has been systematically performed to comprehensively explore Food Frequency Questionnaires designed, developed and validated specifically for the diabetic population (FFQs-DDV-DiaP). Therefore, a systematic review and meta-analysis will be carried out in order to identify and describe FFQs-DDV-DiaP; to examine their design, development, validity and reproducibility; as well as to estimate the overall degree of correlation and agreement; and to evaluate the factors that affect them. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A systematic literature review will be performed in PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus and Web of Science to find potentially relevant studies. Original studies related to the design, development, as well as the assessment of the validity and reproducibility of FFQs-DDV-DiaP; reported in English or Romance languages will be selected. Independent reviewers will select studies, extract relevant data and assess FFQs-DDV-DiaP quality. Data will be pooled using the generic inverse-variance method with random-effects models and expressed as correlation coefficients or mean differences with 95% CIs to examine the global validity and reproducibility of FFQs-DDV-DiaP. Heterogeneity will be evaluated by the Cochran Q-statistic and quantified by the I2 statistic. Stratified analyses and random-effects meta-regressions will be performed to explore heterogeneity and whether any covariate influences the effect sizes. Finally, publication bias will be assessed through the Begg's and Egger's tests. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION This systematic review and meta-analysis will not use confidential personal data. Therefore, the requirement of ethical approval or informed consent is not necessary. The results of this review will be disseminated only in peer-reviewed publications or at relevant scientific conferences. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42021268575.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Estefania Aparicio
- Nutrition and Public Health Unit, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain
- Perinatal Epidemiology, Environmental Health and Clinical Research, School of Medicine, Universitat Jaume I, Castellon, Spain
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do Nascimento AG, Grassi T, Reischak de Oliveira A, Steemburgo T. Under-reporting of the energy intake in patients with type 2 diabetes. J Hum Nutr Diet 2020; 34:73-80. [PMID: 32789957 DOI: 10.1111/jhn.12801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), an accurate assessment of food intake is essential for clinical nutritional management. Tools such as the food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and 24-h food record (24HR) identify dietary habits in support of dietary planning. However, it is possible that these tools have reporting errors with respect to assessing food intake, particularly energy intake (EI). METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted in patients with type 2 DM. EI was assessed by the FFQ and 24HR tools. Resting energy expenditure (REE) was measured by indirect calorimetry. Data were analysed using a kappa test, t-test and Spearman's correlation coefficients. Under-reporting was assessed using the EI/REE ratio. Patients with values <1.18 and <1.10 for FFQ and 24HR, respectively, were considered as under-reporting. RESULTS We evaluated 55 patients [mean (SD) 62.7 (5.3) years old, duration of diabetes 11.2 (7.3) years, 52.7% female]. The mean (SD) EI assessed by FFQ was 1797.7 (641.3) and as assessed by 24HR was 1624 (484.8) kcal day-1 . The mean (SD) REE was 1641.3 (322.3) kcal day-1 . The mean (SD) ratios FFQ/REE and 24HR/REE were 1.11 (0.38) and 1.01 (0.30), respectively. The tools showed a moderate agreement for under-reporting of EI (kappa = 0.404; P = 0.003). Moderate and positive correlations between REE were observed with FFQ (r = 0.321; P = 0.017) and 24HR (r = 0.364; P = 0.006). According to the tools, the under-reporting was observed in approximately 65% of patients. CONCLUSIONS The majority of patients with type 2 DM under-reported their calorie intake, as assessed by FFQ and 24HR. REE showed a positive correlation with both tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- A G do Nascimento
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - T Grassi
- Posgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition, and Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A Reischak de Oliveira
- School of Physical Education, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - T Steemburgo
- Department of Nutrition, School of Medicine, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Posgraduate Program in Food, Nutrition, and Health, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Montagut-Martínez P, Pérez-Cruzado D, García-Arenas JJ. Nutritional Status Measurement Instruments for Diabetes: A Systematic Psychometric Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17165719. [PMID: 32784695 PMCID: PMC7460259 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 08/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Diabetes is a serious chronic disease associated with a large number of complications and an increased risk of premature death. A dietary evaluation is of utmost importance for health promotion, disease prevention and individual treatment plans in patients with diabetes. Methods: An exhaustive search was carried out in various databases—Medline, Web of Science, Open Gray Cochrane Library and Consensus-based Standards for the selection of health status Measurement Instruments (COSMIN)—for systematic review of the measurement properties of instruments that evaluate the dietary intake of people with diabetes mellitus type 1 and/or 2 according to COSMIN standards. Results: Seven instruments were identified. There was no instrument measuring nutritional status for which all the psychometric properties were evaluated. The methodological quality for each of the psychometric properties evaluated was ‘inadequate’ or ‘doubtful’ for all instruments. The Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) evaluated the most psychometric characteristics and with a better score in terms of quality of the evidence. Conclusions: Several instruments have been developed for the evaluation of dietary intake in people with diabetes. Evaluation of this construct is very useful, both in clinical practice and in research, requiring new knowledge in this area. The FFQ is the best instrument available to assess dietary intake in people with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Montagut-Martínez
- Health Sciences PhD Program, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Católica de Murcia UCAM, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
| | - David Pérez-Cruzado
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Catolica de Murcia UCAM, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
- Institute of Biomedicine of Malaga (IBIMA), 29071 Málaga, Spain
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-6-5314-1109
| | - José Joaquín García-Arenas
- Department of Occupational Therapy, Campus de los Jerónimos, Universidad Catolica de Murcia UCAM, 30107 Murcia, Spain;
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de Freitas MM, de Oliveira VLP, Grassi T, Valduga K, Miller MEP, Schuchmann RA, Souza KLA, de Azevedo MJ, Viana LV, de Paula TP. Difference in sarcopenia prevalence and associated factors according to 2010 and 2018 European consensus (EWGSOP) in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Gerontol 2020; 132:110835. [PMID: 31954325 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of sarcopenia and associated factors in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) according to 2010 (EWGSOP1) and 2018 (EWGSOP2) European consensus. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS Elderly outpatients ≥60 years with type 2 DM and able to walk were recruited at the DM ambulatory care center of a public hospital in Porto Alegre from 2017 to 2018. MATERIALS AND METHODS The diagnosis of sarcopenia was performed according to EWGSOP1 and EWGSOP2. Muscle mass (MM) was assessed using bioelectrical impedance (BIA). Muscle strength (MS) was assessed using the handgrip strength (HS) test and physical performance (PP) by timed-up-and-go (TUG) test. RESULTS We included 242 patients with 68.3 ± 5.6 years, 54% women, 78% white, DM duration 14(8-22) years, BMI 29.5 ± 4.5 kg/m2, and HbA1c 7.8 ± 1.5%. Overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 21%. In EWGSOP1 it was 16.9%. The GLM Poisson model was used to assess sarcopenia. Male sex increased the prevalence of sarcopenia by 33% (3.330 [1.747-6.350]; p < .001), and walking >5401 steps/day had a protective effect of 70% for the prevalence of sarcopenia (0.306 [0.127-0.739]; p = .029). Finally, age had an impact of 6% on prevalence of sarcopenia (1.06 [1.015-1.108]; p = .009) according to EWGSOP1. On the other hand, the prevalence was 7%, women had more sarcopenia (88%), and BMI was lower in the sarcopenic group when defined according to EWGSOP2. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of sarcopenia was more than double when comparing EWGSOP1 (16.9%) and EWGSOP2 (7%). We believe that the difference in prevalence is due to modifications in MM and MS criteria. According to EWGSOP1, walking may have protective role in the prevalence of sarcopenia in elderly type 2 DM individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauren M de Freitas
- Endocrine Division of Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa L P de Oliveira
- Endocrine Division of Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thaiciane Grassi
- Post Graduate program in Nutrition, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Kamila Valduga
- School of Nutrition, Federal University of Health Science of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Brazil
| | - Maria Elisa P Miller
- School of Medicine, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, (PUCRS), Brazil
| | - Renata A Schuchmann
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Karen L A Souza
- School of Medicine, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mirela J de Azevedo
- Endocrine Division of Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luciana V Viana
- Endocrine Division of Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Tatiana P de Paula
- Endocrine Division of Hospital de Clinicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Antonio JP, Sarmento RA, de Almeida JC. Diet Quality and Glycemic Control in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:652-658. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/08/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Okuda M, Asakura K, Sasaki S. Protein Intake Estimated from Brief-Type Self-Administered Diet History Questionnaire and Urinary Urea Nitrogen Level in Adolescents. Nutrients 2019; 11:E319. [PMID: 30717308 PMCID: PMC6412261 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Our aim was to assess the validity of the brief-type self-administered diet history questionnaire (BDHQ15y) to estimate the protein intake in 248 Japanese secondary school students (mean age = 14.2 years), using urinary biomarkers as references. Participants provided three samples of overnight urine for measurement of urea nitrogen and creatinine levels, underwent anthropometric measurements, and answered the questionnaires. Additionally, 58 students provided 24-h urine specimens. A significant correlation was observed between excretion of urea nitrogen in overnight and 24-h urine specimens (ρ = 0.527; p < 0.001), with biases ≤5.8%. The mean daily protein intake estimated from urinary biomarkers was 76.4 ± 20.4 g/d in males and 65.4 ± 16.9 g/d in females, and the mean protein intake estimated from the BDHQ15y (PRTbdhq) was 89.3 ± 33.7 g/d in males and 79.6 ± 24.6 g/d in females. Crude and energy-adjusted coefficients of correlation between PRTbdhq and protein intake estimated from urinary biomarkers were 0.205 (p = 0.001; 0.247 for males and 0.124 for females), and 0.204 (p = 0.001; 0.302 for males and 0.109 for females), respectively. The BDHQ15y is a low-cost tool to assess protein intake of a large population, instead of a weakness of overestimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Okuda
- Graduate School of Sciences and Engineering for Innovation, Yamaguchi University, 1-1-1Minami-Kogushi, Ube 755-8505, Japan.
| | - Keiko Asakura
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Medicine, Toho University, 5-21-16 Omori-Nishi, Ota-ku, Tokyo 143-8540, Japan.
| | - Satoshi Sasaki
- Department of Social and Preventive Epidemiology, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
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Nicoletto BB, Sarmento RA, Pedrollo EF, Krolikowski TC, Canani LH. Association between progranulin serum levels and dietary intake. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0202149. [PMID: 30118483 PMCID: PMC6097684 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0202149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Progranulin (PGRN) is secreted by adipose tissue and has been linked to obesity, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. There is evidence that a high fat diet increases PGRN expression in rodent adipose tissue. In humans, the relationship between diet composition and concentration of PGRN is still unknown. OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between dietary intake and serum PGRN levels. METHODS This is an exploratory cross-sectional study including 85 subjects. Demographic, clinical, laboratory and anthropometric data were collected. Serum PGRN was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay after overnight fasting. Dietary intake was assessed by food frequency questionnaire validated for Brazilian southern population. Focused principal component analyses (FPCA) was used to verify the association of dietary components and food groups with PGRN levels. Sensitivity analyses were performed including only subjects with reporting according to the Goldberg and Black cut-offs of energy intake-energy expenditure ratio between 0.76 and 1.24. RESULTS The median PGRN was 51.96 (42.18 to 68.30) ng/mL. Analyzing all sample, the FPCA showed no association of serum PGRN with total energy, protein, carbohydrate, fat and its types, fiber intake and dietary glycemic index; but a significant and positive association between solid fats and PGRN levels (p<0.05). Including only subjects with reporting according cut-off of energy intake-energy expenditure ratio between 0.76 and 1.24, FCPA showed significant and positive association of serum PGRN with saturated fatty acids and solid fats intake (p<0.05). In this subgroup, PGRN correlated with saturated fatty acids (r = 0.341; p = 0.031). Solid fats intake was independently associated to serum PGRN (beta = 0.294; p = 0.004) in multivariate model. CONCLUSION The dietary intake of solid fats, mainly represented by saturated fatty acids, is associated to serum PGRN concentration in human subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Bellincanta Nicoletto
- Post Graduate Medical Sciences Program: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Nutrition Course, Área do Conhecimento de Ciências da Vida, Universidade de Caxias do Sul (UCS), Caxias do Sul, Brazil
| | - Roberta Aguiar Sarmento
- Post Graduate Medical Sciences Program: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Elis Forcellini Pedrollo
- Post Graduate Medical Sciences Program: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Thaiana Cirino Krolikowski
- Nutrition Course, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Luis Henrique Canani
- Post Graduate Medical Sciences Program: Endocrinology, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Division of Endocrinology, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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Validity of a Short Food Frequency Questionnaire Assessing Macronutrient and Fiber Intakes in Patients of Han Chinese Descent with Type 2 Diabetes. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:ijerph15061142. [PMID: 29857595 PMCID: PMC6025601 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15061142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Few food frequency questionnaires (FFQs) have been developed to assess diet in diabetes patients. This cross-sectional study examined the validity of a 45-item FFQ assessing the intake of macronutrients against three 24-h dietary recalls (24-HDRs) in Taiwan, and compared vegetable and fruit intakes with carotenoid biomarkers. We recruited 126 adults with type 2 diabetes who completed the FFQ and three 24-HDRs administered by a registered dietitian. We measured plasma carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene and lutein) in 71 subjects. Partial Pearson correlation coefficients derived from the FFQs and three 24-HDRs and adjusted for energy were of 0.651, 0.587, 0.639 and 0.664 for protein, fat, carbohydrate and fiber, respectively. Cross-classification analysis revealed that 71.5⁻81% of the macronutrients and fiber were categorized into the same or adjacent quartiles by the FFQ and 24-HDRs. Bland⁻Altman plots revealed good agreement for energy/macronutrients/fiber across the range of intakes. Multiple linear regression of backward elimination revealed that tertile levels of dark- or light-colored vegetables obtained by the FFQ were significantly associated with plasma α-carotene and β-carotene, but not lutein. Fruit consumption did not correlate with carotenoid biomarkers. In conclusion, this short FFQ provided a valid assessment of macronutrients and fiber intake in type 2 diabetes patients. Vegetable consumption estimated by the FFQ corresponded to plasma α-carotene and β-carotene concentrations.
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Thewjitcharoen Y, Chotwanvirat P, Jantawan A, Siwasaranond N, Saetung S, Nimitphong H, Himathongkam T, Reutrakul S. Evaluation of Dietary Intakes and Nutritional Knowledge in Thai Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2018; 2018:9152910. [PMID: 30671482 PMCID: PMC6317123 DOI: 10.1155/2018/9152910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2018] [Revised: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Most nutritional guidelines for diabetes management emphasize the importance of having individualized goals, away from a one-size-fits-all approach. However, there is a dearth of information on the dietary intakes and nutritional knowledge of Thai patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study is aimed at clarifying dietary intakes in relationship to glycemic control and at examining nutritional knowledge among Thai patients with T2DM. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional study of outpatients with T2DM at Theptarin Hospital and Ramathibodi Hospital (Bangkok, Thailand) was performed to assess dietary intakes by food records. Diabetes nutritional knowledge and dietary self-care behavior was also evaluated. RESULTS A total of 304 Thai patients with T2DM (female 52.6%, mean age 57.4 ± 10.9 years, body mass index (BMI) 27.3 ± 4.8 kg/m2, and baseline A1C 7.2 ± 1.3%) participated in the study. The mean daily calorie intake was 1427 ± 425 kcal, and mean intake for each macronutrient was acceptable (carbohydrate 52%, protein 17%, and fat 31%). However, the intake of free sugar was much higher (12.1 ± 5.8% of total daily energy intake) and dietary fiber intake (9 grams per day) was much lower than recommended. There were no correlations between dietary intake and glycemic control. A subset of patients (N = 213) completed the diabetes nutritional knowledge survey. There was no association between diabetes nutritional knowledge and the actual dietary self-care behavior. CONCLUSION These results indicate that compliance of Thai patients with T2DM to dietary recommendations is not completely satisfactory, especially for free sugar and dietary fiber intakes. Addressing the reality of how patients with T2DM eat in their daily lives and their knowledge gaps would enable them to adhere to medical nutrition therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Nantaporn Siwasaranond
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Sunee Saetung
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hataikarn Nimitphong
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | - Sirimon Reutrakul
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Aguiar Sarmento R, Peçanha Antonio J, Lamas de Miranda I, Bellicanta Nicoletto B, Carnevale de Almeida J. Eating Patterns and Health Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes. J Endocr Soc 2018; 2:42-52. [PMID: 29308450 PMCID: PMC5738116 DOI: 10.1210/js.2017-00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To evaluate the relationship between eating patterns and therapeutic target's achieving in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods In this cross-sectional study, patients underwent clinical, laboratory, and nutritional evaluations. Dietary intake was assessed by a quantitative food frequency questionnaire and eating patterns identified by cluster analysis. The therapeutic targets were as follows: blood pressure, <140/90 mm Hg; BMI, <25 kg/m2 (<27 kg/m2 for elderly); waist circumference, <94 cm for men and <80 cm for women; fasting plasma glucose, <130 mg/dL; HbA1c, <7%; triglycerides, <150 mg/dL; HDL-cholesterol, >40 mg/dL for men and >50 mg/dL for women; LDL-cholesterol, <100 mg/dL. Results One hundred ninety seven patients were studied. We identified two eating patterns: "unhealthy" (n = 100)-high consumption of refined carbohydrates, ultra-processed foods, sweets and desserts (P < 0.05); and "healthy" (n = 97)-high intake of whole carbohydrates, dairy, white meat, fish, fruits and vegetables (P < 0.05). The healthy group more frequently achieved therapeutic targets for fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and LDL-cholesterol than the unhealthy group. Poisson regression confirmed the association of healthy eating pattern with attaining the therapeutic target for fasting plasma glucose [PR, 1.59 (95% CI, 1.01 to 2.34); P = 0.018], HbA1c [PR, 2.09 (95% CI, 1.17 to 3.74); P = 0.013], and LDL-cholesterol [PR, 1.37 (95% CI, 1.01 to 1.86); P = 0.042]. Conclusions A healthy eating pattern, including the frequent intake of whole carbohydrates, dairy, white meat, fish, fruits, and vegetables, is associated with reduced fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, and LDL cholesterol levels in patients with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Aguiar Sarmento
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliana Peçanha Antonio
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Lamas de Miranda
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Bruna Bellicanta Nicoletto
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jussara Carnevale de Almeida
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Food and Nutrition Research Center, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Department of Nutrition, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, 90035-003 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Antonio JP, da Rosa VC, Sarmento RA, de Almeida JC. Diet quality and therapeutic targets in patients with type 2 diabetes: evaluation of concordance between dietary indexes. Nutr J 2017; 16:74. [PMID: 29157252 PMCID: PMC5696727 DOI: 10.1186/s12937-017-0296-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background This study aimed to evaluate the concordance between two dietary indexes, the Healthy Eating Index (HEI) and the Diabetes Healthy Eating Index (DHEI), in evaluating diet quality and its possible association with therapeutic targets in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods Cross-sectional study of outpatients with type 2 diabetes mellitus treated at a university hospital. Dietary information was obtained from a quantitative food frequency questionnaire (previously validated for use in patients with type 2 diabetes) and converted into daily intakes. Diet quality was assessed using two dietary indexes: HEI (12 components, nine food groups and three moderation components) and DHEI (10 components, six food groups, three nutrient groups, and one for variety of diet). In both indexes, the sum of the scores for each component yields an overall score converted on a scale from 0 to 100%; diet quality is subsequently ranked as low (<51%), needing improvement (51–80%), or high (>80%). Patients underwent clinical and laboratory assessment. Those with fasting blood glucose values 70–130 mg/dL, A1c < 7%, total cholesterol <200 mg/dL, LDL-cholesterol <100 mg/dL, and triglycerides <150 mg/dL were considered to meet therapeutic targets. All analyses were conducted in PASW Statistics 18.0, and p < 0.05 deemed significant. Results We analyzed 148 patients with type 2 diabetes (73% white, mean age 63.2 ± 9.4 years, median diabetes duration 10 [IQR 5–19] years, mean A1c% 8.4 ± 2.0%, and mean BMI 30.5 ± 4.2 kg/m2). Mean energy intake was 2114 ± 649 kcal/day. DHEI scores were 17.0 (95%CI -6.8 to 41.0) points lower than HEI scores (55.9 ± 14.2% vs. 72.9 ± 10.7%, respectively; P < 0.001), suggesting there is no agreement (Bland-Altman method), and the Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.55 (P < 0.001). More patients were classified as having a low-quality diet by the DHEI than by the HEI (38.5% vs. 1.4%; P < 0.001). A higher proportion of patients (35.7%) with out-of-target total cholesterol levels had a low-quality diet evaluated by the DHEI (P = 0.03). We did not find associations between overall score of HEI and therapeutic targets. Conclusions In its intended population of patients with type 2 diabetes, the DHEI seems to be a more rigorous tool to evaluate association between diet quality and changes in metabolic parameters. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12937-017-0296-8) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana Peçanha Antonio
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Prédio 12, 4° andar, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil. .,Centro de Estudos em Alimentação e Nutrição (CESAN), HCPA/UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.
| | - Vanessa Costa da Rosa
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Roberta Aguiar Sarmento
- Endocrinology Division, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), Rua Ramiro Barcelos, 2350, Prédio 12, 4° andar, Porto Alegre, RS, 90035-003, Brazil.,Centro de Estudos em Alimentação e Nutrição (CESAN), HCPA/UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Jussara Carnevale de Almeida
- Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.,Centro de Estudos em Alimentação e Nutrição (CESAN), HCPA/UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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Livingstone KM, Celis-Morales C, Forster H, Fallaize R, O'Donovan CB, Woolhead C, Marsaux CF, Macready AL, Navas-Carretero S, San-Cristobal R, Kolossa S, Tsirigoti L, Lambrinou CP, Moschonis G, Godlewska M, Surwiłło A, Drevon CA, Manios Y, Traczyk I, Martínez JA, Saris WH, Daniel H, Gibney ER, Brennan L, Walsh MC, Lovegrove JA, Gibney M, Mathers JC. Reproducibility of the Online Food4Me Food-Frequency Questionnaire for Estimating Dietary Intakes across Europe. J Nutr 2016; 146:1068-75. [PMID: 27052541 PMCID: PMC6636390 DOI: 10.3945/jn.115.225078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Accurate dietary assessment is key to understanding nutrition-related outcomes and is essential for estimating dietary change in nutrition-based interventions. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to assess the pan-European reproducibility of the Food4Me food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) in assessing the habitual diet of adults. METHODS Participants from the Food4Me study, a 6-mo, Internet-based, randomized controlled trial of personalized nutrition conducted in the United Kingdom, Ireland, Spain, Netherlands, Germany, Greece, and Poland, were included. Screening and baseline data (both collected before commencement of the intervention) were used in the present analyses, and participants were included only if they completed FFQs at screening and at baseline within a 1-mo timeframe before the commencement of the intervention. Sociodemographic (e.g., sex and country) and lifestyle [e.g., body mass index (BMI, in kg/m(2)) and physical activity] characteristics were collected. Linear regression, correlation coefficients, concordance (percentage) in quartile classification, and Bland-Altman plots for daily intakes were used to assess reproducibility. RESULTS In total, 567 participants (59% female), with a mean ± SD age of 38.7 ± 13.4 y and BMI of 25.4 ± 4.8, completed both FFQs within 1 mo (mean ± SD: 19.2 ± 6.2 d). Exact plus adjacent classification of total energy intake in participants was highest in Ireland (94%) and lowest in Poland (81%). Spearman correlation coefficients (ρ) in total energy intake between FFQs ranged from 0.50 for obese participants to 0.68 and 0.60 in normal-weight and overweight participants, respectively. Bland-Altman plots showed a mean difference between FFQs of 210 kcal/d, with the agreement deteriorating as energy intakes increased. There was little variation in reproducibility of total energy intakes between sex and age groups. CONCLUSIONS The online Food4Me FFQ was shown to be reproducible across 7 European countries when administered within a 1-mo period to a large number of participants. The results support the utility of the online Food4Me FFQ as a reproducible tool across multiple European populations. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01530139.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katherine M Livingstone
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Carlos Celis-Morales
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah Forster
- University College Dublin Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Rosalind Fallaize
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Clare B O'Donovan
- University College Dublin Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Clara Woolhead
- University College Dublin Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Cyril Fm Marsaux
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Anna L Macready
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Santiago Navas-Carretero
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Center Network (CIBER) in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rodrigo San-Cristobal
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Center Network (CIBER) in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Silvia Kolossa
- Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences (ZIEL), Biochemistry Unit, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Lydia Tsirigoti
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | - George Moschonis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Christian A Drevon
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Iwona Traczyk
- The National Food & Nutrition Institute (NFNI), Warsaw, Poland; and
| | - J Alfredo Martínez
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Biomedical Research Center Network (CIBER) in Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition, Institute of Health Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Wim H Saris
- Department of Human Biology, School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Hannelore Daniel
- Research Center of Nutrition and Food Sciences (ZIEL), Biochemistry Unit, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Eileen R Gibney
- University College Dublin Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Lorraine Brennan
- University College Dublin Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Marianne C Walsh
- University College Dublin Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Mike Gibney
- University College Dublin Institute of Food and Health, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Republic of Ireland
| | - John C Mathers
- Human Nutrition Research Centre, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, United Kingdom;
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