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van Meer F, de Vos F, Hermans RCJ, Peeters PA, van Dillen LF. Daily distracted consumption patterns and their relationship with BMI. Appetite 2022; 176:106136. [PMID: 35697153 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The rapidly increasing prevalence of overweight and obesity has heightened the need for a better understanding of obesity-related eating patterns and dietary behaviours. Recent work suggests that distracted eating is causally related to increased immediate and later food, pushing the need for a better understanding of the prevalence of distracted consumption and how this relates to body weight. To extract insights in the relationship between demographics, daily consumption settings, and BMI, we performed secondary data analyses on data from 1011 individuals representative of the Dutch population (adults, 507F, BMI 17-50 kg/m2). The most commonly reported distractions were talking to others (32.7%) and watching television (21.7%). Only 18.4% of respondents reported no distractions during meals. To examine how different distractions related to BMI, we performed OLS regression which showed, among other things, that watching tv while eating lunch (η2 = 0.37) and working during dinner were associated with a higher BMI (η2 = 1.63). To examine the robustness of these findings, machine learning techniques were used. A random forest analysis (RMSE = 4.09) showed that next to age and education level, distraction during lunch and snack was amongst the largest predictors of BMI. Multiple linear regression with lasso penalty (RMSE = 4.13) showed that specifically watching tv while eating lunch or snacks was associated with a higher BMI. In conclusion, our analyses confirmed the assumption that people are regularly distracted during their daily meals, with distinct distractors relating to BMI. These findings provide a starting point for evidence-based recommendations on which consumption settings are associated with healthier eating patterns and body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Floor van Meer
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands.
| | - Frank de Vos
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands
| | - Roel C J Hermans
- NUTRIM School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lotte F van Dillen
- Institute of Psychology, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden University, the Netherlands; Knowledge Centre Psychology and Economic Behaviour, Leiden University, the Netherlands
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Mealtime media use and cardiometabolic risk in children. Public Health Nutr 2022; 25:670-679. [PMID: 33263271 PMCID: PMC9991824 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980020003821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association between mealtime media use and non-HDL-cholesterol as well as other markers of cardiometabolic risk (CMR) in children. DESIGN A repeated measures study design was used to examine the association between mealtime media use and CMR outcomes. Multivariable linear regression with generalised estimating equations was used to examine the association between mealtime media use and CMR outcomes. Analyses were stratified a priori by age groups (1-4 and 5-13 years). SETTING The TARGet Kids! Practice-based research network in Toronto, Canada. PARTICIPANTS 2117 children aged 1-13 years were included in the analysis. RESULTS After adjusting for covariates, there was no evidence that total mealtime media use was associated with non-HDL-cholesterol in 1-4 year olds (P = 0·10) or 5-13 year olds (P = 0·29). Each additional meal with media per week was associated with decreased HDL-cholesterol in 5-13 year olds (-0·006 mmol/l; 95 % CI -0·009, -0·002; P = 0·003) and log-TAG in 1-4 year olds (β = -0·004; 95 % CI -0·008, -0·00009; P = 0·04). Media use during breakfast was associated with decreased HDL-cholesterol in 5-13 year olds (-0·012 mmol/l; 95 % CI -0·02, -0·004; P = 0·002), while media during lunch was associated with decreased log-TAG (-0·01 mmol/l; 95 % CI -0·03, -0·002; P = 0·03) in children aged 1-4 years. Total mealtime media use was not associated with total cholesterol, glucose or insulin in either age group. CONCLUSIONS Mealtime media use may be associated with unfavourable lipid profiles through effects on HDL-cholesterol in school-aged children but likely not in pre-schoolers.
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Knobl V, Dallacker M, Hertwig R, Mata J. Happy and healthy: How family mealtime routines relate to child nutritional health. Appetite 2022; 171:105939. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.105939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Role of Dietary Factors, Food Habits, and Lifestyle in Childhood Obesity Development: A Position Paper From the European Society for Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition Committee on Nutrition. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 2021; 72:769-783. [PMID: 33720094 PMCID: PMC9770153 DOI: 10.1097/mpg.0000000000003075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Childhood obesity has high societal and economic impact but current treatment approaches are sub-optimal. In the last decade, important studies have been conducted aiming to identify strategies to prevent obesity during critical periods of life. Updated recommendations for childhood obesity prevention are needed. We present data from systematic reviews and meta- analysis, randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and large observational studies, published from 2011 onwards that consider the possible role of the following factors in obesity development: breast-feeding; macronutrient composition and method of complementary feeding; parenting style; dietary patterns; sugar-sweetened beverage consumption; eating behaviour (eg, skipping breakfast, family dinners. etc); meal frequency and composition (fast foods, snacking), portion size; dietary modulators of gut microbiota (including pre-, pro-, and synbiotics); physical activity and sedentary behaviour. We used the Medline database and the Cochrane Library to search for relevant publications. Important research gaps were also identified. This position paper provides recommendations on dietary factors, food habits, and lifestyle to prevent childhood obesity development, based on the available literature and expert opinion. Clinical research and high-quality trials are urgently needed to resolve numerous areas of uncertainty.
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The Project Collection Food, Nutrition and Health, with a Focus on Eating Together. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18041572. [PMID: 33562352 PMCID: PMC7914465 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18041572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Trofholz AC, Telke S, Loth K, Tate A, Berge JM. Examining Predictors of Watching Television During Family Meals in a Diverse Sample. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2019; 51:1113-1120. [PMID: 31221525 PMCID: PMC8996164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2019.05.598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 05/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To identify predictors associated with television (TV) watching during family meals. METHODS Parents of racially and ethnically diverse 5- to 7-year-old children (n = 150) completed 8 days of ecological momentary assessment surveys. After each meal they shared with their child, parents answered meal-related questions (eg, who was present). Adjusted generalized estimating equations were used to estimate probabilities of watching TV during family meals for individual predictors. RESULTS Number of adults present, location, outside influences (eg, planned meal, stress), and time to prepare the meal were independently predictive of TV watching during the meal (P < .001). CONCLUSION AND IMPLICATIONS Results of the current study suggest that families may need assistance in addressing predictors (eg, stress) associated with watching TV during family meals, given prior research has shown watching TV during family meals is associated with negative dietary outcomes. Future research might investigate other factors that may also influence watching TV at family meals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Trofholz
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
| | - Susan Telke
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Katie Loth
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Allan Tate
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Jerica M Berge
- Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
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Watching Television while Eating: Associations with Dietary Intake and Weight Status among a Diverse Sample of Young Children. J Acad Nutr Diet 2019; 119:1462-1469. [PMID: 31031108 DOI: 10.1016/j.jand.2019.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Television (TV) watching at family meals has been associated with poorer dietary quality and weight outcomes in children. Most research has been limited to family meals, overlooking the influence of TV at any meal. OBJECTIVE This study assesses how often children are eating meals at home while watching TV, the association between child dietary intake while watching TV during meals eaten at home and whether the association depends on meal type (eg, breakfast) or child race/ethnicity, and whether the number of meals consumed while watching TV at home is associated with overall child dietary quality or weight status. DESIGN The Family Matters study utilized a cross-sectional design and was conducted between 2015 and 2016. PARTICIPANTS/SETTING Three 24-hour dietary recalls were conducted on children aged 5 to 7 years (n=150; 25 each from non-Hispanic white, African American, Latino, Native American, Somali, and Hmong households). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Main outcomes of this study were dietary intake at meals, overall dietary quality, and child weight status. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS PERFORMED Conditional fixed effects estimators were used to address correlated error terms to model within-person variation between TV and dietary intake and race/ethnicity differences in child dietary outcomes. RESULTS TV was watched during 30% of meals eaten at home, which differed significantly by race/ethnicity (P<0.001). Although effect sizes were small, TV watching at meals was associated with unhealthier intake of some foods groups (eg, increased sugar-sweetened beverages and chips/crackers and decreased fruits), dependent on the meal occasion (eg, snacks). However, TV watching during meals at home was not significantly associated with dietary intake for other food groups. These associations did not depend on race/ethnicity. An association between number of meals consumed while watching TV with overall dietary quality or weight status was not found. CONCLUSIONS Although more research is needed, results suggest TV watching while eating meals at home is relatively common, depends on race/ethnicity, and that TV watching at some meal occasions is associated with child intake of certain food groups, with a majority being unhealthy.
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Conlon BA, Mcginn AP, Isasi CR, Mossavar-Rahmani Y, Lounsbury DW, Ginsberg MS, Diamantis PM, Groisman-Perelstein AE, Wylie-Rosett J. Home Environment Factors and Health Behaviors of Low-income, Overweight, and Obese Youth. Am J Health Behav 2019; 43:420-436. [PMID: 30808480 DOI: 10.5993/ajhb.43.2.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Home environment may influence children's health behaviors associated with obesity. In this study, we examined home environment factors associated with diet and physical activity behaviors of overweight or obese youth. Methods: We analyzed baseline data from child and parent/caregiver dyads enrolled in an urban family weight management program. Multivariable logistic regression examined how home environment (parenting practices, family meal habits, and home availability of fruits/vegetables, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs), screen media, and physical activity resources) are related to children's intake of fruit, vegetables, and SSBs, and moderate-vigorous physical activity and sedentary time (ST) after adjusting for potential confounders. Results: Children were more likely to consume fruit if their families frequently ate meals together and infrequently watched TV during meals, and more likely to consume vegetables with high fruit/vegetable availability and low SSB availability. Children were more likely to engage in ST if parents practiced monitoring and frequently watched TV during meals. Conclusions: Overweight or obese children appear to have healthier habits if their families eat meals together without watching TV and if healthy food choices are available in the home. Encouraging parents to focus these practices may promote healthier body weight in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A. Conlon
- Postgraduate Student, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, NY;,
| | - Aileen P. Mcginn
- Associate Professor, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, NY
| | - Carmen R. Isasi
- Associate Professor, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, NY
| | - Yasmin Mossavar-Rahmani
- Associate Professor, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, NY
| | - David W. Lounsbury
- Assistant Professor, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, NY
| | - Mindy S. Ginsberg
- Senior Associate, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, NY
| | - Pamela M. Diamantis
- Attending Physician, Department of Pediatrics, Children's Health Services Jacobi Medical Center, Bronx, NY
| | | | - Judith Wylie-Rosett
- Professor, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Bronx, NY
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Dallacker M, Hertwig R, Mata J. The frequency of family meals and nutritional health in children: a meta-analysis. Obes Rev 2018; 19:638-653. [PMID: 29334693 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Findings on the relationship between family meal frequency and children's nutritional health are inconsistent. The reasons for these mixed results have to date remained largely unexplored. This systematic review and meta-analysis of 57 studies (203,706 participants) examines (i) the relationship between family meal frequency and various nutritional health outcomes and (ii) two potential explanations for the inconsistent findings: sociodemographic characteristics and mealtime characteristics. Separate meta-analyses revealed significant associations between higher family meal frequency and better overall diet quality (r = 0.13), more healthy diet (r = 0.10), less unhealthy diet (r = -0.04) and lower body mass index, BMI (r = -0.05). Child's age, country, number of family members present at meals and meal type (i.e. breakfast, lunch or dinner) did not moderate the relationship of meal frequency with healthy diet, unhealthy diet or BMI. Socioeconomic status only moderated the relationship with BMI. The findings show a significant relationship between frequent family meals and better nutritional health - in younger and older children, across countries and socioeconomic groups, and for meals taken with the whole family vs. one parent. Building on these findings, research can now target the causal direction of the relationship between family meal frequency and nutritional health.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dallacker
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - R Hertwig
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - J Mata
- Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany.,University of Mannheim, Mannheim, Germany
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Ghobadi S, Hassanzadeh-Rostami Z, Salehi-Marzijarani M, Bellissimo N, Brett NR, Totosy de Zepetnek JO, Faghih S. Association of eating while television viewing and overweight/obesity among children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of observational studies. Obes Rev 2018; 19:313-320. [PMID: 29266643 DOI: 10.1111/obr.12637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to examine the association between eating while television viewing (TVV) and overweight or obesity in children (<18 years). A systematic search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of science, PreQuest and Embase was conducted up to April 2017; pooled odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using a random effects model. Of 4,357 articles identified, 20 observational studies met inclusion criteria (n = 84,825) and 8 of these 20 (n = 41,617) reported OR. Eating while TVV was positively associated with obesity-related anthropometric measurements in 15 studies (75%). The meta-analysis revealed that eating while TVV was positively associated with being overweight (OR = 1.28; 95% CI: 1.17, 1.39). Subgroup analyses showed similar positive associations in both girls and boys, as well as in children who ate dinner while TVV. There was no evidence of publication bias. The present systematic review and meta-analysis suggests that eating while TVV could be a risk factor for being overweight or obese in childhood and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ghobadi
- Nutrition Research Center, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Z Hassanzadeh-Rostami
- Student Research Committee, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - M Salehi-Marzijarani
- Department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - N Bellissimo
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | - N R Brett
- School of Nutrition, Faculty of Community Services, Ryerson University, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - S Faghih
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
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Association between overweight/obesity and eating habits while watching television among primary-school children in the city of Shiraz, Iran. Public Health Nutr 2017; 21:571-579. [PMID: 29173231 DOI: 10.1017/s1368980017003251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It has been reported that television (TV) viewing is associated with childhood obesity in Western countries. The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between obesity and eating habits while watching TV among primary-school children in the Middle East. DESIGN Cross-sectional. SETTING Children were recruited from primary schools of four educational districts in Shiraz, Iran. Anthropometric indices of mass (kg) and height (m) were measured, and BMI (percentile) was calculated. Demographic characteristics, TV viewing behaviours and physical activity data were collected from parents during face-to-face interviews and a 3d dietary record was completed. Subject Children (n 607) aged 6-10 years. RESULTS Mean (sd) age of children was 8·16 (1·37) years, of whom 9·1 and 8·4 % were overweight and obese, respectively. Children who spent ≥2 h watching TV on weekdays (OR=1·99; 95 % CI 1·09, 3·60) and weekend days (OR=1·86; 95 % CI 1·01, 3·43) had higher odds of being obese, even after adjusting for physical activity. Children who ate breakfast while watching TV had higher odds of being overweight v. those who did not watch TV while eating breakfast (OR=2·70; 95 % CI 1·02, 7·60). There were no associations between TV viewing during other meals (lunch and dinner) and overweight/obesity. CONCLUSIONS TV viewing for ≥2 h daily increases the risk of being obese in Iranian children aged 6-10 years, independent of physical activity. Further, breakfast consumption while watching TV may increase the risk of overweight/obesity, independent of total TV viewing time.
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Totland TH, Knudsen MD, Paulsen MM, Bjelland M, Van't Veer P, Brug J, Klepp KI, Andersen LF. Correlates of irregular family meal patterns among 11-year-old children from the Pro Children study. Food Nutr Res 2017; 61:1339554. [PMID: 28680386 PMCID: PMC5492084 DOI: 10.1080/16546628.2017.1339554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/04/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The importance of family meals to the consumption of healthful food choices has been stated in recent reviews. However, little information is available on barriers that interfere with regular family meal patterns during childhood. Objective: Describe family meal patterns among 11-year-old children across Europe and identify correlates of irregular family breakfast and dinner consumption. Design: Cross-sectional survey involving samples of 13,305 children from nine European countries in 2003. Results: The proportions of children who regularly ate family breakfast and dinner were 62% and 90%, respectively. Correlates of irregular family breakfasts and dinners were less vegetable consumption, and irregular family breakfasts were associated with more television viewing. Social differences in the consumption of family breakfasts were observed. Discussion: Strengths of this study are the large sample size and validated research method. Limitations are the cross-sectional design and self-reported data. Conclusion: The majority of 11-year-old children regularly ate breakfast and dinner with their families. Less vegetable consumption and more television viewing were associated with irregular family breakfasts and dinners, respectively. Social differences were observed in the regularity of family breakfasts. Promoting family meals across social class may lead to healthier eating and activity habits, sustainable at the population Level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torunn Holm Totland
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus Dines Knudsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mari Mohn Paulsen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Mona Bjelland
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Pieter Van't Veer
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes Brug
- Amsterdam School of Communication Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Knut Inge Klepp
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Mental and Physical Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lene Frost Andersen
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Chi DL, Luu M, Chu F. A scoping review of epidemiologic risk factors for pediatric obesity: Implications for future childhood obesity and dental caries prevention research. J Public Health Dent 2017; 77 Suppl 1:S8-S31. [PMID: 28600842 DOI: 10.1111/jphd.12221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
RESEARCH QUESTIONS What are the non-modifiable (socioeconomic, genetic) and modifiable factors (physical activity, dietary behaviors) related to childhood (under age 12) obesity? How can this knowledge be applied to oral health professionals' efforts to prevent or manage dental caries in children? OBJECTIVES Studies have identified risk factors for childhood obesity. The purpose of this scoping review was to develop a conceptual model to identify non-modifiable and modifiable risk factors for childhood obesity and to illustrate how these findings are relevant in developing interventions aimed at preventing obesity and dental caries in children. METHODS The authors searched PubMed and Embase and limited the study to English-language publications. A total of 2,572 studies were identified. After de-duplication, 2,479 studies remained and were downloaded into a citation-management tool. Two authors screened the titles and abstracts for relevance. Two hundred and sixty studies remained and were retrieved for a full-text review, and 80 studies were excluded, resulting in 180 studies included in the scoping review. An inductive content analytic methods was used to organize all statistically significant obesity risk factors into seven domains, which were classified as non-modifiable or modifiable; then a conceptual model of common risk factors associated with childhood obesity and dental caries was developed. RESULTS Non-modifiable obesity risk factors include biological and developmental (e.g., genes, developmental conditions, puberty), sociodemographic and household (e.g., race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, parent education, unemployment), cultural (e.g., degree of acculturation), and community (e.g., neighborhood composition). Modifiable risk factors included behavioral (e.g., diet, physical activity, weight), psychosocial (e.g., maternal stress, family functioning, parenting practices, child temperament), and medical (e.g., parent smoking, maternal health, child health). CONCLUSIONS Identifying common risk factors has important implications for future oral health research aimed at preventing childhood obesity and dental caries. Epidemiologic knowledge gleaned from the literature can be used to develop rigorous interventions and programs aimed at preventing these highly prevalent diseases and improving health outcomes for children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donald L Chi
- Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Monique Luu
- Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Frances Chu
- Oral Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Trofholz AC, Tate AD, Miner MH, Berge JM. Associations between TV viewing at family meals and the emotional atmosphere of the meal, meal healthfulness, child dietary intake, and child weight status. Appetite 2016; 108:361-366. [PMID: 27756638 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2016.10.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Research on family meals has demonstrated that family meals are protective for many aspects of child and adolescent health. It is unclear whether distractions at family meals, such as watching TV, are associated with child weight and weight-related behaviors, the emotional atmosphere at the meal, or family meal healthfulness. METHODS Direct observational and objective data were collected on primarily low-income and minority families (n = 120) with 6-12 year old children. Data were collected during home visits and included 24-hr dietary recalls, anthropometry, and video-recorded family meals. Video-recorded family meals were coded to assess the presence of TV, whether the family was paying attention to the TV, family group enjoyment and the dietary healthfulness of the foods served at family meals. RESULTS The presence of TV was negatively associated with the dietary healthfulness and emotional atmosphere of the meal and the child's overall dietary quality. It was positively associated with serving fast food for family meals. Those families who were paying attention to the TV had significantly worse meal dietary healthfulness and were more likely to have fast food at family meals compared to those who were not paying attention. No significant findings were found between the presence of TV at family meals and child overweight status. CONCLUSIONS Study results show that TV is frequently present at family meals. Even if families are not paying attention to the TV, it appears that simply having the TV on as background noise is associated with deleterious outcomes. In addition to increasing family meals, families should be given guidance on turning off the TV and making the family meal a time to connect with one another.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda C Trofholz
- Division of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA.
| | - Allan D Tate
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Michael H Miner
- Division of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
| | - Jerica M Berge
- Division of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, USA
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Vik FN, Te Velde SJ, Van Lippevelde W, Manios Y, Kovacs E, Jan N, Moreno LA, Bringolf-Isler B, Brug J, Bere E. Regular family breakfast was associated with children's overweight and parental education: Results from the ENERGY cross-sectional study. Prev Med 2016; 91:197-203. [PMID: 27514247 PMCID: PMC5061554 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2016.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims to assess (i) the prevalence of having regular family breakfast, lunch, dinner (i.e. 5-7days/week together with their family) among 10-12year olds in Europe, (ii) the association between family meals and child weight status, and (iii) potential differences in having family meals according to country of residence, gender, ethnicity and parental levels of education. METHODS 7716 children (mean age: 11.5±0.7years, 52% girls) in eight European countries (Belgium, Greece, Hungary, The Netherlands, Norway, Slovenia, Spain, Switzerland) participated in a cross-sectional school-based survey in 2010. Data on family meals were self-reported by the parents and children's height and weight were objectively measured to determine overweight status. Binary regression analyses assessed the associations of having regular family meals (adjusted for potential confounders) with children's overweight/obesity and to assess potential differences in having family meals according to gender, ethnicity and parental education, in the total sample and for each country respectively. RESULTS The prevalence of regular family meals was 35%, 37% and 76% for breakfast, lunch and dinner respectively. Having regular family breakfast, but not lunch or dinner, was inversely associated with overweight (OR=0.78 (95% CI 0.67-0.91)). Children of higher educated parents were more likely to have regular family breakfast (1.63 (95% CI 1.42-1.86)) and less likely to have regular family lunch (0.72 (95% CI 0.63-0.82)) compared to children of lower educated parents. CONCLUSION This study showed that having regular family breakfast - but not other family meals- was inversely associated with children's weight status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frøydis N Vik
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, Postboks 422, N-4604 Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Saskia J Te Velde
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, Postboks 422, N-4604 Kristiansand, Norway; EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Wendy Van Lippevelde
- Department of Public Health, Ghent University, De Pintelaan 185, 4K3, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Science & Education, Harokopio University, 70, El Venizelou Ave, 17671, Kallithea, Athens, Greece.
| | - Eva Kovacs
- Department of Paediatrics, Medical Faculty, University of Pécs, 48-as tér 1, 7622 Pécs, Hungary; Institute for Medical Information Processing, Biometrics and Epidemiology, German Centre for Vertigo and Balance Disorders, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.
| | - Natasa Jan
- Slovenian Heart Foundation, Postboks 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD (Growth, Exercise, Nutrition and Development) Research Group, Instituto Agroalimentario de Aragón (IA2), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Aragón (IIS Aragón), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERObn), University of Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain.
| | - Bettina Bringolf-Isler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Johannes Brug
- EMGO Institute for Health and Care Research, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Postbus 7057, 1007 MB Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Elling Bere
- Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition, University of Agder, Postboks 422, N-4604 Kristiansand, Norway.
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Fokter SK, Rudolf R, Moličnik A. Titanium alloy femoral neck fracture--clinical and metallurgical analysis in 6 cases. Acta Orthop 2015; 87:197-202. [PMID: 25936399 PMCID: PMC4812085 DOI: 10.3109/17453674.2015.1047289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Samo K Fokter
- a 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University Clinical Centre , Maribor
| | - Rebeka Rudolf
- b 2 University of Maribor, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering , Maribor
- c 3 Zlatarna Celje d.d. , Celje, Slovenia
| | - Andrej Moličnik
- a 1 Department of Orthopaedics, University Clinical Centre , Maribor
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