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Bryl E, Szcześniewska P, Dutkiewicz A, Słopień A, Dmitrzak-Węglarz M, Hanć T. FTO and MC4R polymorphisms, and selected pre-, peri- and postnatal factors as determinants of body mass index and fatness in children: a thorough analysis of the associations. J Physiol Anthropol 2023; 42:29. [PMID: 38066615 PMCID: PMC10704801 DOI: 10.1186/s40101-023-00344-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overweight and obesity among children have become significant global health concerns. Previous studies have highlighted the potential role of genetic factors, particularly polymorphisms in the FTO and MC4R genes, as well as environmental factors in the development of childhood obesity. This study aimed to investigate the relationships between genetic, socioeconomic and perinatal factors, adverse childhood events (ACEs), and lifestyle, and their impact on overweight, obesity and body composition parameters in children. Additionally, we explored potential interactions between genetic factors and ACEs. METHODS Four hundred fifty-six children aged 6-12 years participated in our study. Information on the socioeconomic status, perinatal factors, ACEs and lifestyle of the children was collected with a questionnaire completed by their parents/guardians. We examined the children's body weight and conducted an electrical bioimpedance analysis. Overweight and obesity were diagnosed based on the International Obesity Task Force and McCarthy criteria. We genotyped two selected polymorphisms in the FTO and MC4R genes using the TaqMan SNP allelic discrimination method. RESULTS Higher BMI (Body Mass Index) z scores were related to higher paternal BMI and lower maternal age at the child's birth. Higher FMI (Fat Mass Index) z scores were associated with higher paternal BMI, increased gestational weight, lower maternal education and the presence of the FTO risk allele. Higher FatM (fat mass in kg) z scores were linked to lower maternal education, lower maternal age at the child's birth, higher maternal body weight gain, paternal BMI and the presence of the FTO risk allele. Moreover, interaction effects were observed on BMI z scores between ACE and FTO AA, and on FMI z scores and FatM z scored between ACE and MC4R CC. CONCLUSIONS The contribution of environmental factors is more strongly related to changes in body composition than genetic ones. Additionally, the presence of the risk allele combined with unfavourable environmental factors like ACEs leads to visible interaction effects, resulting in increased BMI z scores and FMI z scores in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Bryl
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland.
| | - Paula Szcześniewska
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agata Dutkiewicz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572, Poznan, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Słopień
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-572, Poznan, Poland
| | - Monika Dmitrzak-Węglarz
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Department of Psychiatry, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, 60-806, Poznan, Poland
| | - Tomasz Hanć
- Institute of Human Biology and Evolution, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, 61-614, Poznan, Poland
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Geraets AFJ, Heinz A. The associations of dietary habits with health, well-being, and behavior in adolescents: A cluster analysis. Child Care Health Dev 2022; 49:497-507. [PMID: 36207786 DOI: 10.1111/cch.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 09/06/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Dietary habits may be associated with adolescents' health and behavior. However, previous findings are inconsistent and often unadjusted for sociodemographic confounders. The aim of this study was to investigate (1) whether dietary habits (consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, soft drinks, breakfast, and family meals) cluster among adolescents and (2) how these clusters associate with a range of health, well-being, and behavior outcomes in a large population-based sample of adolescents. METHODS The study included adolescents (n = 7529; n = 3891 [51.7%] girls; mean [standard deviation] age = 14.9[2.1] years) from the 2018 Luxembourg Health Behaviour in School-aged Children study. We used cluster analysis to define clusters of dietary habits (consumption of fruits, vegetables, sweets, soft drinks, breakfast, and family meals) and logistic regression analyses to assess the cross-sectional associations of the clusters with health, well-being and behavior, adjusted for age, gender, family affluence, and migration background. RESULTS Cluster analysis yielded five clusters of dietary habits: (1) healthy, (2) family meal and breakfast skippers, (3) sugar consumption, (4) unbalanced diet, and (5) unhealthy. The healthy cluster was associated with better health and positive mental health and behavior, whereas the less healthy clusters were associated with worse health, mental health problems, and risk behavior. CONCLUSION Findings suggest that healthy dietary habits associate with positive health and behavior, whereas unhealthy dietary habits associate with health problems and risk behavior during adolescence. More research is needed to investigate the underlying mechanisms. Interventions should include dietary habits as a component of lifestyle modification to improve adolescents' health, well-being, and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andreas Heinz
- Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.,Department of Health, IU Internationale Hochschule, Erfurt, Thüringen, Germany
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Neves FS, Fontes VS, Nogueira MC, Pereira PMDL, de Faria ER, Netto MP, Oliveira RMS, Cândido APC. Eating contexts and their associations with socio-demographic factors in Brazilian adolescents (EVA-JF Study). Public Health Nutr 2022; 26:1-13. [PMID: 35993174 PMCID: PMC10131148 DOI: 10.1017/s136898002200180x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the eating contexts and estimate their associations with socio-demographic factors in a sample of Brazilian adolescents. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. We used an exploratory questionnaire about eating contexts (encompassing regularity of meals, places where they occur and if they take place with attention and in company), which was submitted to cluster analysis. Subsequently, three clusters were identified: cluster 1, 'appropriate eating contexts at breakfast, lunch and dinner'; cluster 2, 'inappropriate eating context at breakfast' and cluster 3, 'inappropriate eating context at dinner'. Multinomial logistic regression models were performed, without and with adjustments, using cluster 1 as reference. SETTING Twenty-nine public schools of Juiz de Fora, MG, Southeast Brazil. PARTICIPANTS Adolescents, 14-19-year-olds (n 835). RESULTS We observed relevant prevalence of adolescents omitting breakfast (52·9 %) and dinner (39·3 %), and who had the habit of eating sitting/lying on the couch/bed or standing/walking, and in front of screens. Breakfast usually occurred unaccompanied (70·8 %); around half (47·5 %) and little over a third (36·1 %) of the sample also would usually have lunch and dinner unaccompanied, respectively. Furthermore, through multivariate analysis, we found associations of eating contexts clusters with female sex (more likely in clusters 2 and 3), age range 14-15-year-olds (less likely in cluster 2) and higher mother's schooling (more likely in cluster 3). CONCLUSIONS We verified an alarming prevalence of adolescents with eating contexts unaligned with healthy eating recommendations. Additionally, inappropriate eating contexts at breakfast and/or at dinner were associated with socio-demographic factors (sex, age range and mother's schooling).
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Affiliation(s)
- Felipe Silva Neves
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora – UFJF, José Lourenço Kelmer St., Campus Universitário, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG36036-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora – UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Sequeira Fontes
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora – UFJF, José Lourenço Kelmer St., Campus Universitário, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG36036-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora – UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Mário Círio Nogueira
- Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora – UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Priscila Moreira de Lima Pereira
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora – UFJF, José Lourenço Kelmer St., Campus Universitário, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG36036-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora – UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Eliane Rodrigues de Faria
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora – UFJF, José Lourenço Kelmer St., Campus Universitário, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG36036-900, Brazil
| | - Michele Pereira Netto
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora – UFJF, José Lourenço Kelmer St., Campus Universitário, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG36036-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora – UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Renata Maria Souza Oliveira
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora – UFJF, José Lourenço Kelmer St., Campus Universitário, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG36036-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora – UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Carlos Cândido
- Department of Nutrition, Institute of Biological Sciences, Federal University of Juiz de Fora – UFJF, José Lourenço Kelmer St., Campus Universitário, São Pedro, Juiz de Fora, MG36036-900, Brazil
- Graduate Program in Public Health, Department of Public Health, School of Medicine, Federal University of Juiz de Fora – UFJF, Juiz de Fora, MG, Brazil
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Kohyama J. Features of Pupils in Each Dinner Habit: Non-late Regular, Regular but Late, and Irregular. Turk Arch Pediatr 2022; 56:624-630. [PMID: 35110063 PMCID: PMC8849124 DOI: 10.5152/turkarchpediatr.2021.21212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Both late and irregular caloric intakes are becoming common, especially among young adults. This study aimed to investigate features of pupils in Japan following different dinner habits. Methods: Dinner habits were categorized into 3 types: non-late regular, regular but late, and irregular. Questionnaires of 2722 pupils in grades 5 to 12 were included, and a multiple comparison test was conducted to investigate the differences of lifestyle factors among the 3 dinner-pattern categories. Results: Only half of grade 5 and 6 pupils had non-late regular dinners. The rate of pupils who had regular but late dinners increased from elementary school (11.8%) to senior high school (41.1%) via junior high school (15.1%). More than 30% of pupils took dinner irregularly. The pupils taking non-late regular dinner showed the earliest bedtime and the longest sleep duration among the 3 dinner-time habit categories and also revealed the best academic performance and sleepiness scores. The pupils taking regular but late dinner showed the highest grade, the latest bedtime, the shortest sleep duration, the longest school-day screen time scores, and the worst sleepiness and self-reported academic performance scores. Irregular dinner-takers showed the longest after-school activities. Conclusions: Further attention should be given to both late and irregular dinner habits of pupils in terms of supporting their health. Further studies are needed to recommend suitable dinner timings for pupils by assessing optimal levels of variable lifestyle factors, including after-school activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Kohyama
- Tokyo Bay Urayasu Ichikawa Medical Center, Urayasu, Japan
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Wei X, Yu D, Ju L, Cheng X, Zhao L. Analysis of the Correlation between Eating Away from Home and BMI in Adults 18 Years and Older in China: Data from the CNNHS 2015. Nutrients 2021; 14:nu14010146. [PMID: 35011020 PMCID: PMC8747186 DOI: 10.3390/nu14010146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between the frequency of eating away from home (EAFH) and Body mass index (BMI) in adults. The data were collected from 2015 China Adult Chronic Disease and Nutrition Surveillance (CNNHS 2015). Adults aged 18 and above who had complete dietary frequency questionnaire data were recruited as the research objects. The frequency of EAFH among different genders and BMI groups were compared, and multiple linear regression method was used to analyze the correlation between frequency of EAFH and BMI of adults aged 18 years and above with different gender, age, family per capita annual income, education level, marital status, and occupation level. The frequency of EAFH was higher for adults aged 18–44, eastern region, urban, family per capita annual income of 20,000 RMB or more, highly educated, unmarried, school students, employed people, and obese adults, which were 3.64, 3.30, 3.71, 4.30, 5.92, 5.64, 9.29 and 2.68 times per week, respectively. The highest frequency of EAFH was obese men in urban areas aged 18–44 years, which was 5.63 times per week. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the frequency of EAFH for breakfast was not associated with BMI (p > 0.05), the frequency of EAFH for lunch was negatively correlated with BMI (β = −0.024, p = 0.008), and the frequency of EAFH for dinner was positively correlated with BMI (β = 0.040, p = 0.004).The frequency of EAFH of male (β = 0.013, p = 0.008), 60 years old and above (β = 0.022, p = 0.021), family per capita annual income less than 10,000 RMB (β = 0.019, p = 0.005), junior high school education or below (β = 0.012, p = 0.009), and unemployed/retired (β = 0.029, p = 0.003) adults were positively correlated with BMI. While for women, the frequency of EAFH (β = −0.019, p = 0.001) was negatively correlated with BMI. In terms of frequency of EAFH for breakfast, female (β = 0.027, p = 0.041), people aged 45–59 years (β = 0.042, p = 0.002), aged 60 and above (β = 0.047, p = 0.017), eastern China (β = 0.034, p = 0.010), junior high school education or below (β = 0.045, p = 0.001), married/cohabiting (β = 0.024, p = 0.008) adults’ frequency of EAFH for breakfast of was positively correlated with BMI. In terms of frequency of EAFH for lunch, female (β = 0.056, p = 0.001), people aged 45–59 years (β = 0.024, p = 0.005), eastern China (β = 0.034, p = 0.004), rural areas (β = 0.035, p = 0.006), moderate and high family per capita annual income (β = 0.043, p = 0.007; β = 0.029, p = 0.039), high education level (β = 0.039, p = 0.034), married/cohabiting (β = 0.028, p = 0.001), on-the-job personnel (β = 0.033, p = 0.001) frequency of EAFH for lunch were negatively correlated with BMI. In terms of the frequency of EAFH for dinner, the frequency of EAFH for dinner had a significant positive influence on the BMI of males (β = 0.061, p = 0.001). The frequency of dinner EAFH for 18–44 years old (β = 0.042, p = 0.028), central region (β = 1.000, p < 0.001), rural areas (β = 0.055, p = 0.013), married/cohabiting (β = 0.048, p = 0.001), on-the-job personnel (β = 0.037, p = 0.035) adults were positively correlated with BMI. The frequency of EAFH in urban obese men aged 18–44 was the highest. The frequency of EAFH for breakfast was not correlated with BMI, the frequency of EAFH for lunch was negatively correlated with BMI, and the frequency of EAFH for dinner was positively correlated with BMI. The analysis between EAFH according to the current definition and health-related outcomes is mixed. It is suggested that relevant authorities redefine EAFH from the perspective of health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Liyun Zhao
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-10-6623-7120
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Cvetković B, Cvetković M, Petrušič T, Đorđić V, Bubanj S, Popović B, Andrašić S, Buišić S, Bogataj Š. Nutrition and Physical Activity Behavior in 11-14-Year-Old Schoolchildren in Serbia. CHILDREN-BASEL 2021; 8:children8080625. [PMID: 34438516 PMCID: PMC8394318 DOI: 10.3390/children8080625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity and healthy diet have a significant positive impact on children’s health. Lack of physical activity increases the risk of various diseases, while obesity has become an alarming health problem worldwide. The aim of this study is to investigate the patterns of physical activity and diet among 11–14-year-old school children in Serbia. The sample included 623 primary school children, of whom 333 were boys (53.45%) and 290 were girls (46.55%). The children were also divided according to their age/grade: fifth grade/11 years (24.40% (n = 152; M = 84, F = 68)), sixth grade/12 years (25.68% (n = 160; M = 91, F = 69)), seventh grade/13 years (26.81% (n = 167; M = 83, F = 84)) and eighth grade/14 years (23.11% (n = 144; M = 75, F = 69)). Children’s lifestyle was assessed using two subscales of questionnaires based on the Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile model II. The Mann–Whitney U test showed no statistically significant difference between boys and girls in the variables Nutrition (p = 0.81) and Physical Activity (p = 0.91). The Kruskal–Wallis test was applied and showed no statistically significant differences between children of different ages, regardless of gender, in the variable Nutrition (p = 0.63). However, differences were evident in the variable Physical Activity (p < 0.001), with the highest mean scores recorded in 12- and 13-year-old children and the lowest in 14-year-old children. Additionally, no statistically significant differences were found among boys as a function of age in the variables Nutrition (p = 0.55) and Physical Activity (p = 0.15), nor among girls in the variable Nutrition (p = 0.43), but in the variable Physical Activity (p = 0.01). In general, it can be concluded that the older primary school children have relatively satisfactory dietary and physical activity habits, but that these behaviors decrease with age, especially the level of physical activity. There is a need for better and more effective education of children about the benefits and importance of proper nutrition and regular physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Cvetković
- Institute of Food Technology in Novi Sad, University of Novi Sad, Bulevar Cara Lazara 1, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Milan Cvetković
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.C.); (V.Đ.); (B.P.)
| | - Tanja Petrušič
- Faculty of Education, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Višnja Đorđić
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.C.); (V.Đ.); (B.P.)
| | - Saša Bubanj
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia;
| | - Boris Popović
- Faculty of Sport and Physical Education, University of Novi Sad, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia; (M.C.); (V.Đ.); (B.P.)
| | - Slobodan Andrašić
- Faculty of Economics, University of Novi Sad, 24000 Subotica, Serbia;
| | - Svetlana Buišić
- Faculty of Education in Sombor, University of Novi Sad, 21101 Novi Sad, Serbia;
| | - Špela Bogataj
- Department of Nephrology, University Medical Centre, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Sport, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Correspondence:
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Ober P, Sobek C, Stein N, Spielau U, Abel S, Kiess W, Meigen C, Poulain T, Igel U, Lipek T, Vogel M. And yet Again: Having Breakfast Is Positively Associated with Lower BMI and Healthier General Eating Behavior in Schoolchildren. Nutrients 2021; 13:1351. [PMID: 33919560 PMCID: PMC8072724 DOI: 10.3390/nu13041351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the high prevalence of childhood overweight, school-based programs aiming at nutritional behavior may be a good starting point for community-based interventions. Therefore, we investigated associations between school-related meal patterns and weight status in 1215 schoolchildren. Anthropometry was performed on-site in schools. Children reported their meal habits, and parents provided family-related information via questionnaires. Associations between nutritional behavior and weight status were estimated using hierarchical linear and logistic regression. Analyses were adjusted for age, socio-economic status, school type, migration background, and parental weight status. Having breakfast was associated with a lower BMI-SDS (βadj = -0.51, p = 0.004) and a lower risk of being overweight (ORadj = 0.30, p = 0.009), while having two breakfasts resulting in stronger associations (BMI-SDS: βadj = -0.66, p < 0.001; risk of overweight: ORadj = 0.22, p = 0.001). Likewise, children who regularly skipped breakfast on school days showed stronger associations (BMI-SDS: β = 0.49, p < 0.001; risk of overweight: OR = 3.29, p < 0.001) than children who skipped breakfast only occasionally (BMI-SDS: β = 0.43, p < 0.001; risk of overweight: OR = 2.72, p = 0.032). The associations persisted after controlling for parental SES and weight status. Therefore, our data confirm the school setting as a suitable starting point for community-based interventions and may underline the necessity of national programs providing free breakfast and lunch to children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peggy Ober
- LIFE Child, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (P.O.); (S.A.); (W.K.); (C.M.); (T.P.); (U.I.); (T.L.); (M.V.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Carolin Sobek
- LIFE Child, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (P.O.); (S.A.); (W.K.); (C.M.); (T.P.); (U.I.); (T.L.); (M.V.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Nancy Stein
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Ulrike Spielau
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Sarah Abel
- LIFE Child, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (P.O.); (S.A.); (W.K.); (C.M.); (T.P.); (U.I.); (T.L.); (M.V.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Wieland Kiess
- LIFE Child, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (P.O.); (S.A.); (W.K.); (C.M.); (T.P.); (U.I.); (T.L.); (M.V.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Christof Meigen
- LIFE Child, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (P.O.); (S.A.); (W.K.); (C.M.); (T.P.); (U.I.); (T.L.); (M.V.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Tanja Poulain
- LIFE Child, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (P.O.); (S.A.); (W.K.); (C.M.); (T.P.); (U.I.); (T.L.); (M.V.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Ulrike Igel
- LIFE Child, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (P.O.); (S.A.); (W.K.); (C.M.); (T.P.); (U.I.); (T.L.); (M.V.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Department of Social Work, University of Applied Science, Altonaer Str. 25, 99085 Erfurt, Germany
| | - Tobias Lipek
- LIFE Child, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (P.O.); (S.A.); (W.K.); (C.M.); (T.P.); (U.I.); (T.L.); (M.V.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph.-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
| | - Mandy Vogel
- LIFE Child, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Ph-Rosenthal-Str. 27, 04103 Leipzig, Germany; (P.O.); (S.A.); (W.K.); (C.M.); (T.P.); (U.I.); (T.L.); (M.V.)
- Center for Pediatric Research (CPL), Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Liebigstr. 20a, 04103 Leipzig, Germany;
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Viljakainen J, Raju SC, Viljakainen H, Figueiredo RADO, Roos E, Weiderpass E, Rounge TB. Meal Regularity Plays a Role in Shaping the Saliva Microbiota. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:757. [PMID: 32390990 PMCID: PMC7194025 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diet may influence health directly or indirectly via the human microbiota, emphasizing the need to unravel these complex relationships for future health benefits. Associations between eating habits and gut microbiota have been shown, but less is known about the association between eating habits and saliva microbiota. OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to investigate if eating habits and meal patterns are associated with the saliva microbiota. METHODS In total, 842 adolescents, aged 11-14 years, from the Finnish Health in Teens (Fin-HIT) study cohort were included in this study. Eating habits and breakfast and dinner patterns were derived from a web-based questionnaire answered in school. Three major eating habit groups were identified: fruit and vegetable avoiders (FV avoiders), healthy and unhealthy. Microbiota profiles were produced from 16S rRNA gene (V3-V4) sequencing of DNA from the saliva samples. Statistical models were adjusted for gender, age, parental language, body mass index (BMI) categories, and sequencing depth. RESULTS Regular breakfast eaters had a higher alpha diversity (Shannon index with mean (standard error of means) 2.27 (0.03) vs. 2.22 (0.03), p = 0.06, inverse Simpson's index with 6.27 (0.17) vs. 5.80 (0.02), p = 0.01), and slight differences in bacterial composition (PERMANOVA: p = 0.001) compared with irregular breakfast eaters. A similar trend in alpha diversity was observed between regular and irregular dinner eaters (Shannon index with 2.27 (0.03) vs. 2.22 (0.03), p = 0.054, inverse Simpson's index with 6.23 (0.17) vs. 6.04 (0.22), p = 0.28), while no difference was found in composition (PERMANOVA: p = 0.08). No differences were identified between eating habit groups and saliva microbiota diversity (Shannon index p = 0.77, inverse Simpson's index p = 0.94) or composition (PERMANOVA: p = 0.13). FV avoiders, irregular breakfast eaters and irregular dinner eaters had high abundances of Prevotella. CONCLUSION Regularity of eating, especially breakfast eating, was associated with more diverse saliva microbiota and different composition compared with irregular eaters. However, the dissimilarities in composition were small between regular and irregular breakfast eaters. Our results suggest that Prevotella abundances in saliva were common in FV avoiders and meal skippers. However, the clinical implications of these findings need to be evaluated in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannina Viljakainen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sajan C. Raju
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heli Viljakainen
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Eva Roos
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Food and Nutrition, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Elisabete Weiderpass
- International Agency for Research on Cancer – World Health Organization, Lyon, France
| | - Trine B. Rounge
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Kristo AS, Gültekin B, Öztağ M, Sikalidis AK. The Effect of Eating Habits' Quality on Scholastic Performance in Turkish Adolescents. Behav Sci (Basel) 2020; 10:bs10010031. [PMID: 31936701 PMCID: PMC7017354 DOI: 10.3390/bs10010031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Revised: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Evidence associates scholastic performance to quality of eating habits. However, there is limited information on this topic in Turkey, an emerging economy with notable disparities. Our work aimed to evaluate the effect of eating habits quality of high-school students in Turkey, on the Scholastic Aptitude Standardized Examination (TEOG) scores. The study was conducted in 29 different cities in Turkey during the academic year 2016–2017, involving students of ages 14–17 years (up to senior-high school). A dietary habits survey developed and validated for this population was distributed over the internet in February 2017. Apart from students’ TEOG scores, Family Affluence Score (FAS) was used to categorize the students into low, medium, and high financial standing. Eating Habits Score (EHS) was calculated by using a validated scoring system. A working sample of 298 participants was used. Based on our results, we observed that there is a significant positive correlation between EHS, FAS and success rate of students as assessed by TEOG scores. Further research on this subject should be conducted in combination with intervention studies to reveal potential strategies and policies that would enhance positive behavior change as it relates to nutritional habits, aiming at improved scholastic performance and overall health throughout lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra S. Kristo
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA;
| | - Büşra Gültekin
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey; (B.G.); (M.Ö.)
| | - Merve Öztağ
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Istanbul Yeni Yuzyil University, 34010 Istanbul, Turkey; (B.G.); (M.Ö.)
| | - Angelos K. Sikalidis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, California Polytechnic State University, San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-805-756-2618; Fax: +1-805-756-1146
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