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Marentes-Castillo M, Castillo I, Tomás I, González-Acevedo O, Álvarez O. Fear of Fat, Processes of Change, and Weight-Related Behaviors in Mexican and Spanish Adolescents. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2024; 11:925. [PMID: 39201860 PMCID: PMC11352646 DOI: 10.3390/children11080925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2024] [Revised: 07/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fear of fat is a relevant variable in initiating weight regulation behaviors in adolescents. However, little is known about the experiential and behavioral change processes that mediate the choice between healthy and unhealthy weight regulation behaviors in this population. METHOD The general objective was to examine the predictive role of fear of fat on weight-related behaviors (healthy and unhealthy weight control behaviors) through the mediation of experiential and behavioral change processes (consciousness raising, counterconditioning, helping relationships, reinforcement management, self-liberation, self-reevaluation, stimulus control, substance use) in 838 adolescents aged 15-19 years from Mexico and Spain using parallel mediation analysis. Additionally, the study examined the correlations between the variables with regard to gender and country, as well as the differences in the use of processes of change across stages of change through the use of a multivariate analysis of variance. The Spanish version of the Fear of Fat, Stages of Change, Processes of Change, and Weight-Related Behaviors scales were used. RESULTS The mediation analysis showed that fear of fat predicted healthy weight control behaviors through consciousness raising, self-liberation, and stimulus control. On the other hand, fear of fat predicted unhealthy weight control behaviors through counterconditioning, stimulus control, and the use of weight loss substances. Intervening to reduce fear of fat may be a way to modify the processes of change used by adolescents to regulate their weight. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study indicate that adolescents may initiate weight control behaviors as a result of fear of fat. This process is mediated by experiential and behavioral processes that influence weight regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Marentes-Castillo
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (I.C.)
| | - Isabel Castillo
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (I.C.)
| | - Inés Tomás
- Department of Methodology of the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Olivia González-Acevedo
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix Verdú”, Biomedical Research Center, University of Granada, 18017 Granada, Spain; (O.G.-A.)
| | - Octavio Álvarez
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (I.C.)
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Marentes-Castillo M, Castillo I, Tomás I, Álvarez O. Towards a Healthy Diet in an Adolescent Population: The Mediating Role of Motivation and Perceived Barriers between Self-Efficacy and Weight Regulation. Healthcare (Basel) 2024; 12:1454. [PMID: 39057597 PMCID: PMC11276526 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare12141454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Adolescence is a critical period when dietary choices are a major concern. It is therefore important to understand the psychological factors that explain these choices. The objective of this study was to assess the predictive role of perceived self-efficacy for healthy eating and weight regulation on healthy and unhealthy eating behavior through the mediation of autonomous motivation, controlled motivation, amotivation, and perceived barriers to daily mechanisms affecting healthy consumption. (2) Methods: A total of 994 adolescents between 15 and 19 years old from Mexico and Spain participated in the study. The Spanish versions of the healthy eating and weight self-efficacy questionnaire, the behavioral regulation in exercise questionnaire, the barriers to healthy eating scale, and the weight-related behaviors scale questionnaire were used to measure the variables of interest. (3) Results: Mediated serial regression analysis showed that barriers to healthy eating (the daily mechanism of food consumption) reduced healthy eating choices. Healthy eating and weight self-efficacy also showed a positive significant relationship with autonomous motivation and a negative relationship with controlled motivation and amotivation. All the types of motivation showed a positive relationship with barriers to healthy eating. (4) Conclusions: The results point out the need to enhance self-efficacy, promote autonomous motivation, and reduce perceived barriers in young people with respect to healthy eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Marentes-Castillo
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (O.Á.)
- National Council for Humanities, Science and Technology, Mexico City 03940, Mexico
| | - Isabel Castillo
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (O.Á.)
| | - Inés Tomás
- Department of Methodology of the Behavioral Sciences, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Octavio Álvarez
- Department of Social Psychology, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (M.M.-C.); (O.Á.)
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Liu YS, Lu CW, Chung HT, Wang JK, Su WJ, Chen CW. Health-promoting lifestyle and life satisfaction in full-time employed adults with congenital heart disease: grit as a mediator. Eur J Cardiovasc Nurs 2024; 23:348-357. [PMID: 37847800 DOI: 10.1093/eurjcn/zvad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Enhancing life satisfaction is vital for adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). Life satisfaction potentially correlates with a health-promoting lifestyle and grit. However, the mediating role of grit-a trait marked by perseverance and long-term goal-oriented passion-between a health-promoting lifestyle and life satisfaction in ACHD remains unverified. This study aimed to examine the relationships between health-promoting lifestyle, grit, and life satisfaction in full-time employed ACHD and to confirm the mediating role of grit. METHODS AND RESULTS A total of 181 full-time employed ACHD aged 20-59 years with patient-reported New York Heart Association classes I-IV were recruited from two medical centres in northern Taiwan. Participants completed questionnaires, including the short version of the Chinese Health-Promoting Lifestyle Profile Scale, Grit-10 Scale, and Satisfaction with Life Scale between February and December 2022. Data analysis employed the Hayes PROCESS macro. Health-promoting lifestyle, grit, and life satisfaction were discovered to be positively correlated. Overall grit score was a partial mediator between a health-promoting lifestyle and life satisfaction, accounting for 20% of the total variation. Of the grit domains, perseverance served as a partial mediator between a health-promoting lifestyle and life satisfaction, accounting for 32% of the total variation, whereas passion had a nonsignificant mediation effect. CONCLUSION A health-promoting lifestyle boosts ACHD individuals' life satisfaction through grit, particularly perseverance. Integrating grit into such a lifestyle could benefit from comprehending support systems and influential factors aiding grit development for enhanced life satisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Shiu Liu
- College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St.Beitou Dist., Taipei City 112304, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Fu Jen Catholic University Hospital, No. 69, Guizi Rd. Taishan Dist., New Taipei City 24352, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Wei Lu
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, No. 8, Chung Shan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 10041, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Tao Chung
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Jou-Kou Wang
- Department of Pediatric Cardiology, National Taiwan University Children's Hospital, No. 8, Chung Shan S. Rd., Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 10041, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Jen Su
- Department of Pediatrics, Chang Gung Children's Hospital, No. 5, Fuxing St., Guishan Dist., Taoyuan City 333, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Wen Chen
- College of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, No. 155, Sec. 2, Linong St.Beitou Dist., Taipei City 112304, Taiwan
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Gorin AA, Leahey TM, Cornelius T, Bourgea K, Powers TA. Self-control and grit: associations with weight management and healthy habits. J Behav Med 2024; 47:160-167. [PMID: 37440156 DOI: 10.1007/s10865-023-00431-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Weight management requires resisting immediate temptations in one's environment (self-control) as well as the ability to persevere towards one's long-term goals despite minor setbacks (grit). This study sought to establish relationships between self-control, grit, and behavioral and health outcomes in the context of a couples-based weight management intervention. Couples (n = 64 dyads) in a behaviorally based intervention completed measures of self-control and grit at study entry and the end of treatment (6 months). Habit automaticity for self-weighing and exercise as well as objective weights were measured at baseline, 6 months, and 12 months (maintenance). Self-control and grit increased during treatment; these increases were significantly associated with greater self-weighing habit automaticity at 6 months. Baseline self-control, changes in self-control, and baseline grit were also associated with 6-month exercise automaticity. Only baseline grit was associated with weight loss maintenance. No partner effects were observed. Findings suggest that self-control and grit are malleable constructs that may play an important role in health behavior habits associated with weight management.ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02570009, October, 7, 2015.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy A Gorin
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-1248, USA.
| | - Tricia M Leahey
- Institute for Collaboration on Health, Intervention, and Policy, University of Connecticut, 2006 Hillside Road, Storrs, CT, 06269-1248, USA
| | - Talea Cornelius
- Division of General Medicine, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, Presbyterian Hospital, 622 W. 168th Street, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Katelyn Bourgea
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Department of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, 60 Fenwood Road, 02115-6128, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Theodore A Powers
- Department of Psychology, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, 285 Old Westport Road, 02747, Dartmouth, MA, USA
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Physical Activity, Healthy Behavior and Its Motivational Correlates: Exploring the Spillover Effect through Stages of Change. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19106161. [PMID: 35627697 PMCID: PMC9140983 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19106161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
On the basis of the spillover or transfer effect and the transtheoretical model of change, this study assessed the association between amount of physical activity, healthy and unhealthy weight control behaviors, and motivational types, as well as their variability across stages of change. A total of 1219 randomly selected Mexican adults from 18 to 65 years old, representative of the city of Monterrey (México), participated in the study. Correlation analyses, differences by gender, and multivariate analyses of variance, controlling for age, were performed. We found that in the maintenance stage, there is higher frequency of physical activity more healthy weight control behaviors, as well as higher autonomous motivation. In the contemplation stage, there is less physical activity, a higher frequency of unhealthy weight control behaviors, higher controlled motivation, and amotivation. Relationships were found between the healthy behaviors studied and the interaction dynamics observed across the stages of change, highlighting the key role of the contemplation and maintenance stages in weight control change. Physical activity as a targeted intervention objective could be a gateway to healthier weight control behavior, as well as higher autonomous motivation.
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