1
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Waste Paper as a Valuable Resource: An Overview of Recent Trends in the Polymeric Composites Field. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15020426. [PMID: 36679306 PMCID: PMC9866924 DOI: 10.3390/polym15020426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 12/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
This review focuses on polymeric waste-paper composites, including state-of-the-art analysis with quantitative and qualitative discussions. Waste paper is a valuable cellulose-rich material, produced mainly from office paper, newspaper, and paper sludge, which can be recycled and returned to paper production or used in a new life cycle. A systematic literature review found 75 publications on this material over the last 27 years, with half of those published during the last five years. These data represent an increasing trend in the number of publications and citations that have shown an interest in this field. Most of them investigated the physicomechanical properties of composites using different contents of raw waste paper or the treated, modified, and cellulose-extracted types. The results show that polyethylene and polypropylene are the most used matrices, but polylactic acid, a biodegradable/sourced polymer, has the most citations. The scientific relevance of waste-paper composites as a subject includes the increasing trend of the number of publications and citations over the years, as well as the gaps identified by keyword mapping and the qualitative discussion of the papers. Therefore, biopolymers and biobased polymers could be investigated more, as well as novel applications. The environmental impact in terms of stability and degradation should also receive more attention regarding sustainability and life cycle analyses.
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2
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Mohammed AABA, Hasan Z, Omran AAB, Kumar V, Elfaghi AM, Ilyas RA, Sapuan SM. Corn: Its Structure, Polymer, Fiber, Composite, Properties, and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14204396. [PMID: 36297977 PMCID: PMC9607144 DOI: 10.3390/polym14204396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Biocomposite materials have a significant function in saving the environment by replacing artificial plastic materials with natural substances. They have been enrolled in many applications, such as housing, automotive engine components, aerospace and military products, electronic and circuit board components, and oil and gas equipment. Therefore, continuous studies have been employed to improve their mechanical, thermal, physical properties. In this research, we conduct a comprehensive review about corn fiber and corn starch-based biocomposite. The results gained from previous studies were compared and discussed. Firstly, the chemical, thermal, and mechanical properties of cornstarch-based composite were discussed. Then, the effects of various types of plasticizers on the flexibility of the cornstarch-based composite were addressed. The effects of chemical treatments on the properties of biocomposite using different cross-linking agents were discussed. The corn fiber surface treatment to enhance interfacial adhesion between natural fiber and polymeric matrix also were addressed. Finally, morphological characterization, crystallinity degree, and measurement of vapor permeability, degradation, and uptake of water were discussed. The mechanical, thermal, and water resistance properties of corn starch and fibers-based biopolymers show a significant improvement through plasticizing, chemical treatment, grafting, and cross-linker agent procedures, which expands their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Zaimah Hasan
- Institute of Sustainable Energy, Universiti Tenaga Nasional, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, Kajang 43000, Malaysia
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (A.A.B.O.)
| | - Abdoulhdi A. Borhana Omran
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar P C-311, Oman
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering Science & Technology, Sebha University, Sabha 00218, Libya
- Correspondence: (Z.H.); (A.A.B.O.)
| | - V.Vinod Kumar
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Sohar University, Sohar P C-311, Oman
| | - Abdulhafid M. Elfaghi
- Faculty of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, Batu Pahat 86400, Malaysia
| | - R. A. Ilyas
- Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru 81310, Malaysia
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Center (AEMC), Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400, Malaysia
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Ismaeilimoghadam S, Sheikh M, Taheri P, Maleki S, Resalati H, Jonoobi M, Azimi B, Danti S. Manufacturing of Fluff Pulp Using Different Pulp Sources and Bentonite on an Industrial Scale for Absorbent Hygienic Products. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27155022. [PMID: 35956974 PMCID: PMC9370493 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27155022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2022] [Revised: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, for the first time, a composite fluff pulp was produced based on the combination of softwood (i.e., long-length fiber), hardwood (i.e., short-length fiber), non-wooden pulps (i.e., bagasse) and bentonite, with specific amounts to be used in hygienic pads (e.g., baby diapers and sanitary napkins). After the defibration process, the manufactured fluff pulp was placed as an absorbent mass in diapers and sanitary napkins. Therefore, tests related to the fluff pulp, such as grammage, thickness, density, ash content, humidity percentage, pH and brightness, tests related to the manufactured baby diapers, such as absorption capacity, retention rate, retention capacity, absorption time and rewet, and tests related to the sanitary napkin, such as absorption capacity and rewet, were performed according to the related standards. The results demonstrated that increasing the amount of bagasse pulp led to increasing the ash content, pH and density of fluff pulp and decreasing the brightness. The addition of bentonite as a filler also increased ash content and pH of fluff pulp. The results also demonstrated that increasing of bagasse pulp up to 30% in combination with softwood pulp led to increasing absorption capacity, retention rate, retention capacity, absorption time and rewet of baby diapers and of sanitary napkins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Ismaeilimoghadam
- Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran
- Marinasun Company, Eshtehard 31881-16881, Iran
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (S.D.)
| | | | | | - Sadegh Maleki
- Marinasun Company, Eshtehard 31881-16881, Iran
- Department of Wood and Paper Sciences, Faculty of Natural Resources, Tarbiat Modares University, Nour 46414-356, Iran
| | - Hossien Resalati
- Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Agricultural and Natural Resources University of Sari, Sari 48181-66996, Iran
| | - Mehdi Jonoobi
- Department of Wood and Paper Science and Technology, Faculty of Natural Resources, University of Tehran, Karaj 77871-31587, Iran
| | - Bahareh Azimi
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
| | - Serena Danti
- Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, University of Pisa, 56122 Pisa, Italy
- Correspondence: (S.I.); (S.D.)
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4
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Cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs) in uniform diameter: Capturing the impact of carboxyl group on dispersion and Re-dispersion of CNFs suspensions. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 207:23-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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5
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Ferreira PJT, Lourenço AF. Nanocelluloses: Production, Characterization and Market. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2022; 1357:129-151. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-88071-2_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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6
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Production of Microfibrillated Cellulose from Fast-Growing Poplar and Olive Tree Pruning by Physical Pretreatment. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11146445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Motivated by the negative impact of fossil fuel consumption on the environment, the need arises to produce materials and energy from renewable sources. Cellulose, the main biopolymer on Earth, plays a key role in this context, serving as a platform for the development of biofuels, chemicals and novel materials. Among the latter, micro- and nanocellulose have been receiving increasing attention in the last few years. Their many attractive properties, i.e., thermal stability, high mechanical resistance, barrier properties, lightweight, optical transparency and ease of chemical modification, allow their use in a wide range of applications, such as paper or polymer reinforcement, packaging, construction, membranes, bioplastics, bioengineering, optics and electronics. In view of the increasing demand for traditional wood pulp (e.g., obtained from eucalypt, birch, pine, spruce) for micro/nanocellulose production, dedicated crops and agricultural residues can be interesting as raw materials for this purpose. This work aims at achieving microfibrillated cellulose production from fast-growing poplar and olive tree pruning using physical pretreatment (PFI refining) before the microfibrillation stage. Both raw materials yielded microfibrillated cellulose with similar properties to that obtained from a commercial industrial eucalypt pulp, producing films with high mechanical properties and low wettability. According to these properties, different applications for cellulose microfibers suspensions and films are discussed.
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Characterization of Porous Structures of Cellulose Nanofibrils Loaded with Salicylic Acid. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12112538. [PMID: 33142964 PMCID: PMC7692582 DOI: 10.3390/polym12112538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bleached and unbleached pulp fibers were treated with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpyperidine-1-oxyl (TEMPO) mediated oxidation to obtain cellulose nanofibrils (CNFs). The resulting bleached and unbleached CNFs were mixed with salicylic acid (0, 5, 10, 20 wt%) before casting and freeze-drying or 3D-printing. A series of methods were tested and implemented to characterize the CNF materials and the porous structures loaded with salicylic acid. The CNFs were characterized with atomic force microscopy and laser profilometry, and release of salicylic acid was quantified with UV-visible absorbance spectroscopy, conductivity measurements, and inductive coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) complemented the analyses. Herein, we show that aerogels of bleached CNFs yield a greater release of salicylic acid, compared to CNF obtained from unbleached pulp. The results suggest that biodegradable constructs of CNFs can be loaded with a plant hormone that is released slowly over time, which may find uses in small scale agricultural applications and for the private home market.
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Jeong HJ, Nam H, Jang J, Lee SJ. 3D Bioprinting Strategies for the Regeneration of Functional Tubular Tissues and Organs. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:E32. [PMID: 32244491 PMCID: PMC7357036 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7020032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
It is difficult to fabricate tubular-shaped tissues and organs (e.g., trachea, blood vessel, and esophagus tissue) with traditional biofabrication techniques (e.g., electrospinning, cell-sheet engineering, and mold-casting) because these have complicated multiple processes. In addition, the tubular-shaped tissues and organs have their own design with target-specific mechanical and biological properties. Therefore, the customized geometrical and physiological environment is required as one of the most critical factors for functional tissue regeneration. 3D bioprinting technology has been receiving attention for the fabrication of patient-tailored and complex-shaped free-form architecture with high reproducibility and versatility. Printable biocomposite inks that can facilitate to build tissue constructs with polymeric frameworks and biochemical microenvironmental cues are also being actively developed for the reconstruction of functional tissue. In this review, we delineated the state-of-the-art of 3D bioprinting techniques specifically for tubular tissue and organ regeneration. In addition, this review described biocomposite inks, such as natural and synthetic polymers. Several described engineering approaches using 3D bioprinting techniques and biocomposite inks may offer beneficial characteristics for the physiological mimicry of human tubular tissues and organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hun-Jin Jeong
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Korea;
| | - Hyoryung Nam
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea;
| | - Jinah Jang
- Department of Creative IT Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea;
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, 77 Cheongam-Ro, Nam-Gu, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Korea
- Institute of Convergence Science, Yonsei University, 50, Yonsei-ro, Seodaemun-gu, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Korea;
- Department of Mechanical and Design Engineering, Wonkwang University, 460, Iksan-daero, Iksan-si, Jeollabuk-do 54538, Korea
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Ong KJ, Ede JD, Pomeroy-Carter CA, Sayes CM, Mulenos MR, Shatkin JA. A 90-day dietary study with fibrillated cellulose in Sprague-Dawley rats. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:174-182. [PMID: 32021807 PMCID: PMC6994281 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel forms of fibrillated cellulose offer improved attributes for use in foods. Conventional cellulose and many of its derivatives are already widely used as food additives and are authorized as safe for use in foods in many countries. However, novel forms have not yet been thoroughly investigated using standardized testing methods. This study assesses the 90-day dietary toxicity of fibrillated cellulose, as compared to a conventional cellulose, Solka Floc. Sprague Dawley rats were fed 2 %, 3 %, or 4 % fibrillated cellulose for 90 consecutive days, and parallel Solka Floc groups were used as controls. Survival, clinical observations, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmologic evaluations, hematology, serum chemistry, urinalysis, post-mortem anatomic pathology, and histopathology were monitored and performed. No adverse observations were noted in relation to the administration of fibrillated cellulose. Under the conditions of this study and based on the toxicological endpoints evaluated, the no-observed-adverse-effect level (NOAEL) for fibrillated cellulose was 2194.2 mg/kg/day (males) and 2666.6 mg/kg/day (females), corresponding to the highest dose tested (4 %) for male and female Sprague Dawley rats. These results demonstrate that fibrillated cellulose behaves similarly to conventional cellulose and raises no safety concerns when used as a food ingredient at these concentrations.
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Key Words
- % RET, percent reticulocyte
- 90-day subchronic study
- ABAS, absolute basophil
- AEOS, absolute eosinophil
- ALB, albumin
- ALKP, alkaline phosphatase
- ALT, alanine aminotransferase
- ALUC, absolute large unstained cell
- ALYM, absolute lymphocyte
- AMON, absolute monocyte
- ANEU, absolute neutrophil
- ANOVA, one-way analysis of variance
- ARET, absolute reticulocyte
- AST, aspartate aminotransferase
- BUN, urea nitrogen
- CAS, Chemical Abstracts Service
- CHOL, cholesterol
- CREAT, creatinine
- Cellulose
- DLS, dynamic light scattering
- EDXS, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy
- EFSA, European Food Safety Authority
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- Fibrillated cellulose
- GLOB, globulin
- GLP, good laboratory practice
- GLU, glucose
- GRAS, generally recognized as safe
- HBG, hemoglobin
- HCT, hematocrit
- MCH, mean corpuscular cell hemoglobin
- MCHC, mean corpuscular cell hemoglobin concentration
- MCV, mean corpuscular cell volume
- NOAEL
- NOAEL, no-observed-adverse-effect level
- OECD 408
- OECD, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
- Oral exposure
- PLT, platelet count
- RBC, red blood cell count
- RDW, red cell distribution width
- SCOGS, Select Committee on GRAS Substances
- SDH, sorbitol dehydrogenase
- SEM, scanning electron microscopy
- TBA, total bile acids
- TBIL, total bilirubin
- TEM, transmission electron microscopy
- TEMPO, 2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-piperidinyloxyl
- TP, total protein
- TRIG, triglycerides
- WBC, white blood cell count
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Affiliation(s)
| | - James D. Ede
- Vireo Advisors, LLC, Boston, MA 02130-4323, United States
| | | | - Christie M. Sayes
- Baylor University, Department of Environmental Science, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798- 7266, United States
| | - Marina R. Mulenos
- Baylor University, Department of Environmental Science, One Bear Place #97266, Waco, TX 76798- 7266, United States
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10
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Abstract
Cellulose widely existed in plants and bacteria, which takes important effect on the synthesis of macromolecule polymer material. Because of its great material properties, the cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) showed its necessary prospect in various industrial applications. As a renewable future material, the preparation methods of the CNC were reviewed in this paper. Meanwhile, the important applications of CNC in the field of composites, barrier film, electronics, and energy consumption were also mentioned with brief introductions. The summarized preparations and considerable applications provided operable ideas and methods for the future high-end and eco-friendly functional composites. Suggestions for potential applications were also discussed.
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11
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Nordli HR, Pukstad B, Chinga-Carrasco G, Rokstad AM. Ultrapure Wood Nanocellulose—Assessments of Coagulation and Initial Inflammation Potential. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2019; 2:1107-1118. [DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.8b00711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Henriette R. Nordli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Brita Pukstad
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Dermatology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, NO-7006 Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Anne M. Rokstad
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Surgery, Centre for Obesity, St. Olavs University Hospital, NO-2006 Trondheim, Norway
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12
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Campodoni E, Heggset EB, Rashad A, Ramírez-Rodríguez GB, Mustafa K, Syverud K, Tampieri A, Sandri M. Polymeric 3D scaffolds for tissue regeneration: Evaluation of biopolymer nanocomposite reinforced with cellulose nanofibrils. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2018; 94:867-878. [PMID: 30423774 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2018.10.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 07/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Biopolymers such as gelatin (Gel) and cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) have many of the essential requirements for being used as scaffolding materials in tissue regeneration; biocompatibility, surface chemistry, ability to generate homogeneous hydrogels and 3D structures with suitable pore size and interconnection, which allows cell colonization and proliferation. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the mechanical behaviour of the Gel matrix can be improved by means of functionalization with cellulose nanofibrils and proper cross-linking treatments. Blending processes were developed to achieve a polymer nanocomposite incorporating the best features of both biopolymers: biomimicry of the Gel and structural reinforcement by the CNF. The designed 3D structures underline interconnected porosity achieved by freeze-drying process, improved mechanical properties and chemical stability that are tailored by CNF addition and different cross-linking approaches. In vitro evaluations reveal the preservation of the biocompatibility of Gel and its good interaction with cells by promoting cell colonization and proliferation. The results support the addition of cellulose nanofibrils to improve the mechanical behaviour of 3D porous structures suitable as scaffolding for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Campodoni
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy.
| | | | - Ahmad Rashad
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Gloria B Ramírez-Rodríguez
- BioNanoMetals Group, Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Granada, Granada
| | - Kamal Mustafa
- Department of Clinical Dentistry, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristin Syverud
- RISE-PFI, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anna Tampieri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy
| | - Monica Sandri
- Institute of Science and Technology for Ceramics-National Research Council (ISTEC-CNR), Faenza, Italy.
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13
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Effects of fibre dimension and charge density on nanocellulose gels. J Colloid Interface Sci 2018; 525:119-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2018.04.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Revised: 04/16/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Chinga-Carrasco G. Potential and Limitations of Nanocelluloses as Components in Biocomposite Inks for Three-Dimensional Bioprinting and for Biomedical Devices. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:701-711. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.8b00053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gary Chinga-Carrasco
- Lead Scientist−Biocomposites, RISE PFI, Høgskoleringen 6b, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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15
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Torstensen JØ, Liu M, Jin SA, Deng L, Hawari AI, Syverud K, Spontak RJ, Gregersen ØW. Swelling and Free-Volume Characteristics of TEMPO-Oxidized Cellulose Nanofibril Films. Biomacromolecules 2018; 19:1016-1025. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan Ø. Torstensen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Soo-Ah Jin
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Liyuan Deng
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Ayman I. Hawari
- Department of Nuclear Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Kristin Syverud
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
- RISE PFI AS, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Richard J. Spontak
- Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, United States
| | - Øyvind W. Gregersen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
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16
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Mechanical characteristics of nanocellulose-PEG bionanocomposite wound dressings in wet conditions. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2017; 69:377-384. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2017.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2016] [Revised: 01/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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17
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Elucidating the role of ammonia-based salts on the preparation of cellulose-derived carbon aerogels. Chem Eng Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2016.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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18
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Temperature stability of nanocellulose dispersions. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:114-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.09.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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19
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Oriented Cellulose Nanopaper (OCNP) based on bagasse cellulose nanofibrils. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 157:1883-1891. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Revised: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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20
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Jack AA, Nordli HR, Powell LC, Powell KA, Kishnani H, Johnsen PO, Pukstad B, Thomas DW, Chinga-Carrasco G, Hill KE. The interaction of wood nanocellulose dressings and the wound pathogen P. aeruginosa. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 157:1955-1962. [PMID: 27987916 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.11.080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2016] [Revised: 11/25/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic wounds pose an increasingly significant worldwide economic burden (over £1 billion per annum in the UK alone). With the escalation in global obesity and diabetes, chronic wounds will increasingly be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) are highly versatile and can be tailored with specific physical properties to produce an assortment of three-dimensional structures (hydrogels, aerogels or films), for subsequent utilization as wound dressing materials. Growth curves using CNF (diameter <20nm) in suspension demonstrated an interesting dose-dependent inhibition of bacterial growth. In addition, analysis of biofilm formation (Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1) on nanocellulose aerogels (20g/m2) revealed significantly less biofilm biomass with decreasing aerogel porosity and surface roughness. Importantly, virulence factor production by P. aeruginosa in the presence of nanocellulose materials, quantified for the first time, was unaffected (p>0.05) over 24h. These data demonstrate the potential of nanocellulose materials in the development of novel dressings that may afford significant clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison A Jack
- Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK.
| | - Henriette R Nordli
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Lydia C Powell
- Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Kate A Powell
- Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | - Himanshu Kishnani
- Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | | | - Brita Pukstad
- Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, NTNU, Trondheim, Norway; Department of Dermatology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - David W Thomas
- Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
| | | | - Katja E Hill
- Advanced Therapies Group, Oral and Biomedical Sciences, Cardiff University School of Dentistry, Cardiff CF14 4XY, UK
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Nordli HR, Chinga-Carrasco G, Rokstad AM, Pukstad B. Producing ultrapure wood cellulose nanofibrils and evaluating the cytotoxicity using human skin cells. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 150:65-73. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2016.04.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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An investigation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm growth on novel nanocellulose fibre dressings. Carbohydr Polym 2016; 137:191-197. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2015.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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23
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Silva RM, Pereira FV, Mota FAP, Watanabe E, Soares SMCS, Santos MH. Dental glass ionomer cement reinforced by cellulose microfibers and cellulose nanocrystals. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2015; 58:389-95. [PMID: 26478325 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2015.08.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 07/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate if the addition of cellulose microfibers (CmF) or cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) would improve the mechanical properties of a commercial dental glass ionomer cement (GIC). Different amounts of CmF and CNC were previously prepared and then added to reinforce the GIC matrix while it was being manipulated. Test specimens with various concentrations of CmF or CNC in their total masses were fabricated and submitted to mechanical tests (to evaluate their compressive and diametral tensile strength,modulus, surface microhardness and wear resistance) and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The incorporation of CmF in the GIC matrix did not greatly improve the mechanical properties of GIC. However, the addition of a small amount of CNC in the GIC led to significant improvements in all of the mechanical properties evaluated: compressive strength (increased up to 110% compared with the control group), elastic modulus increased by 161%, diametral tensile strength increased by 53%, and the mass loss decreased from 10.95 to 3.87%. Because the composites presented a considerable increase in mechanical properties, the modification of the conventional GIC with CNC can represent a new and promising dental restorative material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael M Silva
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, UFVJM, Diamantina CEP: 39100-000, MG, Brazil; Centro Avançado de Avaliação e Desenvolvimento de Biomateriais, BioMat, Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, UFVJM, Diamantina CEP: 39100-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Fabiano V Pereira
- Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, UFMG, Belo Horizonte CEP: 31270-901, MG, Brazil.
| | - Felipe A P Mota
- Centro Avançado de Avaliação e Desenvolvimento de Biomateriais, BioMat, Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, UFVJM, Diamantina CEP: 39100-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Evandro Watanabe
- Departamento de Odontologia Restauradora, Faculdade de Odontologia de Ribeirão Preto, USP, Ribeirão Preto CEP: 14040-904, SP, Brazil
| | - Suelleng M C S Soares
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, UFVJM, Diamantina CEP: 39100-000, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria Helena Santos
- Departamento de Odontologia, Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, UFVJM, Diamantina CEP: 39100-000, MG, Brazil; Centro Avançado de Avaliação e Desenvolvimento de Biomateriais, BioMat, Universidade Federal do Vale do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, UFVJM, Diamantina CEP: 39100-000, MG, Brazil
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On the morphology of cellulose nanofibrils obtained by TEMPO-mediated oxidation and mechanical treatment. Micron 2015; 72:28-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2015.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Josefsson G, Chinga-Carrasco G, Gamstedt EK. Elastic models coupling the cellulose nanofibril to the macroscopic film level. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra04016g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The elastic properties of cellulose nanofibrils (CNF) can be derived from the elastic properties of CNF films by using a suitable micromechanical model. This study investigates four such micromechanical models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriella Josefsson
- Uppsala University
- Ångström Laboratory
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Division of Applied Mechanics
- SE-751 21 Uppsala
| | | | - E. Kristofer Gamstedt
- Uppsala University
- Ångström Laboratory
- Department of Engineering Sciences
- Division of Applied Mechanics
- SE-751 21 Uppsala
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Miettinen A, Chinga-Carrasco G, Kataja M. Three-dimensional microstructural properties of nanofibrillated cellulose films. Int J Mol Sci 2014; 15:6423-40. [PMID: 24743887 PMCID: PMC4013638 DOI: 10.3390/ijms15046423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) films have potential as oxygen barriers for, e.g., food packaging applications, but their use is limited by their hygroscopic characteristics. The three-dimensional microstructure of NFC films made of Pinus radiata (Radiata Pine) kraft pulp fibres has been assessed in this study, considering the structural development as a function of relative humidity (RH). The surface roughness, micro-porosity, thickness and their correlations were analyzed using X-ray microtomography (X-μCT) and computerized image analysis. The results are compared to those from scanning electron microscopy and laser profilometry. Based on a series of films having varying amounts of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl (TEMPO)-mediated oxidated nanofibrils, it was demonstrated that X-μCT is suitable for assessing the surface and bulk 3D microstructure of the cellulose films. Additionally, one of the series was assessed at varying humidity levels, using the non-destructive capabilities of X-μCT and a newly developed humidity chamber for in-situ characterization. The oxygen transmission rate (OTR) of the films (20 g=m2) was below 3:7 mL m⁻² day⁻¹ at humidity levels below 60% RH. However, the OTR increased considerably to 12:4 mL m⁻² day⁻¹ when the humidity level increased to 80% RH. The increase in OTR was attributed to a change of the film porosity, which was reflected as an increase in local thickness. Hence, the characterization techniques applied in this study shed more light on the structures of NFC films and how they are affected by varying humidity levels. It was demonstrated that in increasing relative humidity the films swelled and the oxygen barrier properties decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arttu Miettinen
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YFL) FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Gary Chinga-Carrasco
- Paper and Fibre Research Institute (PFI), Høgskoleringen 6 B, NO-7491 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Markku Kataja
- Department of Physics, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35 (YFL) FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Chinga-Carrasco G, Syverud K. Pretreatment-dependent surface chemistry of wood nanocellulose for pH-sensitive hydrogels. J Biomater Appl 2014; 29:423-32. [PMID: 24713295 PMCID: PMC4231171 DOI: 10.1177/0885328214531511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nanocellulose from wood is a promising material with potential in various technological areas. Within biomedical applications, nanocellulose has been proposed as a suitable nano-material for wound dressings. This is based on the capability of the material to self-assemble into 3D micro-porous structures, which among others have an excellent capacity of maintaining a moist environment. In addition, the surface chemistry of nanocellulose is suitable for various applications. First, OH-groups are abundant in nanocellulose materials, making the material strongly hydrophilic. Second, the surface chemistry can be modified, introducing aldehyde and carboxyl groups, which have major potential for surface functionalization. In this study, we demonstrate the production of nanocellulose with tailor-made surface chemistry, by pre-treating the raw cellulose fibres with carboxymethylation and periodate oxidation. The pre-treatments yielded a highly nanofibrillated material, with significant amounts of aldehyde and carboxyl groups. Importantly, the poly-anionic surface of the oxidized nanocellulose opens up for novel applications, i.e. micro-porous materials with pH-responsive characteristics. This is due to the swelling capacity of the 3D micro-porous structures, which have ionisable functional groups. In this study, we demonstrated that nanocellulose gels have a significantly higher swelling degree in neutral and alkaline conditions, compared to an acid environment (pH 3). Such a capability can potentially be applied in chronic wounds for controlled and intelligent release of antibacterial components into biofilms.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kristin Syverud
- Paper and Fibre Research Institute (PFI) - Høgskoleringen 6b, Trondheim, Norway
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Mikczinski MR, Josefsson G, Chinga-Carrasco G, Gamstedt EK, Fatikow S. Nanorobotic Testing to Assess the Stiffness Properties of Nanopaper. IEEE T ROBOT 2014. [DOI: 10.1109/tro.2013.2283409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Chinga-Carrasco G. Optical methods for the quantification of the fibrillation degree of bleached MFC materials. Micron 2013; 48:42-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2013.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Revised: 02/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/15/2013] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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30
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Micro-structural characterisation of homogeneous and layered MFC nano-composites. Micron 2013; 44:331-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/15/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Chinga-Carrasco G, Syverud K. On the structure and oxygen transmission rate of biodegradable cellulose nanobarriers. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2012; 7:192. [PMID: 22429336 PMCID: PMC3324384 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-7-192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2011] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils have been proposed for novel barrier concepts, based on their capability to form smooth, strong and transparent films, with high oxygen barrier properties. A series of cellulose-based films were manufactured and tested with respect to their oxygen transmission rate (OTR) capabilities. The obtained OTR levels were considerably better than the levels recommended for packaging applications. Part of the nanofibrillated material applied in this study was produced with 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl (TEMPO) mediated oxidation as pretreatment. Films made of TEMPO-pretreated samples yielded lower OTR values. The minimum obtained OTR value was 3.0 mL m-2 day-1 atm-1 with a corresponding oxygen permeability of 0.04 mL mm m-2 day-1 atm-1, tested at 50% relative humidity. The good barrier properties are due to the compact and dense structure of the films, as revealed by field-emission scanning electron microscopy. A relationship between OTR and the structure of the corresponding nanofibril-based films was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Chinga-Carrasco
- Paper and Fibre Research Institute (PFI), Høgskoleringen 6b, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
| | - Kristin Syverud
- Paper and Fibre Research Institute (PFI), Høgskoleringen 6b, Trondheim, 7491, Norway
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Syverud K, Kirsebom H, Hajizadeh S, Chinga-Carrasco G. Cross-linking cellulose nanofibrils for potential elastic cryo-structured gels. NANOSCALE RESEARCH LETTERS 2011; 6:626. [PMID: 22152032 PMCID: PMC3260332 DOI: 10.1186/1556-276x-6-626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Cellulose nanofibrils were produced from P. radiata kraft pulp fibers. The nanofibrillation was facilitated by applying 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyl-1-oxyl-mediated oxidation as pretreatment. The oxidized nanofibrils were cross-linked with polyethyleneimine and poly N-isopropylacrylamide-co-allylamine-co-methylenebisacrylamide particles and were frozen to form cryo-structured gels. Samples of the gels were critical-point dried, and the corresponding structures were assessed with scanning electron microscopy. It appears that the aldehyde groups in the oxidized nanofibrils are suitable reaction sites for cross-linking. The cryo-structured materials were spongy, elastic, and thus capable of regaining their shape after a given pressure was released, indicating a successful cross-linking. These novel types of gels are considered potential candidates in biomedical and biotechnological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Syverud
- Paper and Fibre Research Institute (PFI), Høgskolerringen 6b, Trondheim, NO-7491, Norway
| | - Harald Kirsebom
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund, SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Solmaz Hajizadeh
- Department of Biotechnology, Lund University, P.O. Box 124, Lund, SE-22100, Sweden
| | - Gary Chinga-Carrasco
- Paper and Fibre Research Institute (PFI), Høgskolerringen 6b, Trondheim, NO-7491, Norway
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