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Rai B, Srivastava J, Saxena P. The Functional Role of microRNAs and mRNAs in Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Review. Curr Diabetes Rev 2024; 20:e201023222412. [PMID: 37867275 DOI: 10.2174/0115733998270983231009094216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes is a group of diseases marked by poor control of blood glucose levels. Diabetes mellitus (DM) occurs when pancreatic cells fail to make insulin, which is required to keep blood glucose levels stable, disorders, and so on. High glucose levels in the blood induce diabetic effects, which can cause catastrophic damage to bodily organs such as the eyes and lower extremities. Diabetes is classified into many forms, one of which is controlled by hyperglycemia or Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD), and another that is not controlled by hyperglycemia (nondiabetic kidney disease or NDKD) and is caused by other factors such as hypertension, hereditary. DKD is associated with diabetic nephropathy (DN), a leading cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal failure. The disease is characterized by glomerular basement membrane thickening, glomerular sclerosis, and mesangial expansion, resulting in a progressive decrease in glomerular filtration rate, glomerular hypertension, and renal failure or nephrotic syndrome. It is also represented by some microvascular complications such as nerve ischemia produced by intracellular metabolic changes, microvascular illness, and the direct impact of excessive blood glucose on neuronal activity. Therefore, DKD-induced nephrotic failure is worse than NDKD. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are important in the development and progression of several diseases, including diabetic kidney disease (DKD). These dysregulated miRNAs can impact various cellular processes, including inflammation, fibrosis, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, all of which are implicated during DKD. MiRNAs can alter the course of DKD by targeting several essential mechanisms. Understanding the miRNAs implicated in DKD and their involvement in disease development might lead to identifying possible therapeutic targets for DKD prevention and therapy. Therefore, this review focuses specifically on DKD-associated DN, as well as how in-silico approaches may aid in improving the management of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhuvnesh Rai
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Jyotika Srivastava
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
| | - Pragati Saxena
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Hematology, Sanjay Gandhi Postgraduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, India
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Shi Y, Pan J, Hang C, Tan L, Hu L, Yan Z, Zhu J. The estrogen/miR-338-3p/ADAM17 axis enhances the viability of breast cancer cells via suppressing NK cell's function. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2023; 38:1618-1627. [PMID: 37052432 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are the critical elements of the innate immune response and implicated in rapidly recognizing and eliminating cancer cells. However, the tumor-suppressive ability of NK cells is often impaired in several cancer types. The critical roles of microRNAs have been elucidated by increasing evidences, while the regulation of miR-338-3p in anti-tumor activation of NK cells and its relationship with estrogen in breast cancer (BC) are still confusing. Here, miR-338-3p level was found to be significantly downregulated in BC tissues and estrogen receptor positive (ER+ ) cells, this difference was more obvious in ER+ patients or BC patients at advanced stage (TNM III and IV). MiR-338-3p level was shown to be downregulated by 17β-estradiol in BC cells (MDA-MB-231 cells and MCF-7) in vitro. MiR-338-3p overexpression decreased disintegrin and metalloprotease-17 (ADAM17) secretion in MDA-MB-231 (ER- ) and MCF-7 (ER+ ) cells. In addition, miR-338-3p overexpression or treatment with anti-ADAM17 antibody could down-regulate granzyme B, CD16, and NKG2D in NK cells, which was reversed by human recombinant ADAM17. Furthermore, these educated NK cells could promote the viability of MDA-MB-231 or MCF-7 cells. Taken together, our results demonstrate that miR-338-3p was negatively regulated by estrogen in BC cells, impairing NK cell's activity by the up-regulation of ADAM17, and conversely promoted the viability of BC cells. Therefore, the estrogen/miR-338-3p/ADAM17 axis is critically implicated in BC pathogenesis and may provide potential targets for BC diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yijiu Shi
- Department of general surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of general surgery, The first affiliated hospital of Ningbo University (Yuehu Campus), Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Jianhui Pan
- Department of colorectal surgery, The first affiliated hospital of Ningbo University (Waitan Campus), Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Chen Hang
- Department of general surgery, The first affiliated hospital of Ningbo University (Yuehu Campus), Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Lin Tan
- Department of general surgery, The first affiliated hospital of Ningbo University (Yuehu Campus), Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Li Hu
- Department of general surgery, The first affiliated hospital of Ningbo University (Yuehu Campus), Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Zhilong Yan
- Department of general surgery, The first affiliated hospital of Ningbo University (Yuehu Campus), Ningbo, Zhejiang province, China
| | - Jiangfan Zhu
- Department of general surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Nguyen MT, Min KH, Lee W. MiR-183-5p Induced by Saturated Fatty Acids Hinders Insulin Signaling by Downregulating IRS-1 in Hepatocytes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062979. [PMID: 35328400 PMCID: PMC8953084 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Excessive saturated fatty acids (SFA) uptake is known to be a primary cause of obesity, a widely acknowledged risk factor of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Although specific microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting insulin signaling intermediates are dysregulated by SFA, their effects on insulin signaling and sensitivity are largely unknown. Here, we investigated the role of SFA-induced miR-183-5p in the regulation of proximal insulin signaling molecules and the development of hepatic insulin resistance. HepG2 hepatocytes treated with palmitate and the livers of high-fat diet (HFD)-fed mice exhibited impaired insulin signaling resulting from dramatic reductions in the protein expressions of insulin receptor (INSR) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1). Differential expression analysis showed the level of miR-183-5p, which tentatively targets the 3'UTR of IRS-1, was significantly elevated in palmitate-treated HepG2 hepatocytes and the livers of HFD-fed mice. Dual-luciferase analysis showed miR-183-5p bound directly to the 3'UTR of IRS-1 and reduced IRS-1 expression at the post-transcriptional stage. Moreover, transfection of HepG2 hepatocytes with miR-183-5p mimic significantly inhibited IRS-1 expression and hindered insulin signaling, consequently inhibiting insulin-stimulated glycogen synthesis. Collectively, this study reveals a novel mechanism whereby miR-183-5p induction by SFA impairs insulin signaling and suggests miR-183-5p plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of hepatic insulin resistance in the background of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Thi Nguyen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.T.N.); (K.-H.M.)
| | - Kyung-Ho Min
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.T.N.); (K.-H.M.)
| | - Wan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 123 Dongdae-ro, Gyeongju 38066, Korea; (M.T.N.); (K.-H.M.)
- Channelopathy Research Center, College of Medicine, Dongguk University, 32 Dongguk-ro, Ilsan Dong-gu, Goyang 10326, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-54-770-2409
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Fachim HA, Loureiro CM, Siddals K, Dalton CF, Reynolds GP, Gibson JM, Chen ZB, Heald AH. Circulating microRNA changes in patients with impaired glucose regulation. Adipocyte 2020; 9:443-453. [PMID: 32752917 PMCID: PMC7469475 DOI: 10.1080/21623945.2020.1798632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We analysed if levels of four miRNAs would change after a lifestyle intervention involving dietary and exercises in prediabetes. MiRNAs previously shown to be associated with diabetes (Let-7a, Let-7e, miR-144 and miR-92a) were extracted from serum pre- and post-intervention. mRNA was extracted from fat-tissue for gene expression analyses. The intervention resulted in increased Let-7a and miR-92a. We found correlations between miRNAs and clinical variables (triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin, weight and BMI). We also found correlations between miRNAs and target genes, revealing a link between miR-92a and IGF system. A lifestyle intervention resulted in marked changes in miRNAs. The association of miRNAs with insulin and the IGF system (both receptors and binding proteins) may represent a mechanism of regulating IGFs metabolic actions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene A. Fachim
- The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Camila M. Loureiro
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Kirk Siddals
- The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Caroline F Dalton
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - Gavin P. Reynolds
- Biomolecular Sciences Research Centre, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
| | - J. Martin Gibson
- The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
| | - Zhen Bouman Chen
- Department of Diabetes Complications and Metabolism, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Adrian H. Heald
- The School of Medicine and Manchester Academic Health Sciences Centre, University of Manchester
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Salford Royal Hospital, Salford, UK
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Honardoost M, Keramati F, Arefian E, Mohammadi Yeganeh S, Soleimani M. Network of three specific microRNAs influence type 2 diabetes through inducing insulin resistance in muscle cell lines. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:1532-1538. [PMID: 30368872 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Accepted: 07/03/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Insulin resistance has been implicated as one of the best predictors for type 2 diabetes. Growing evidence propose the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) as short regulatory molecules in modulating and inducing resistance. In this regard, we have investigated the role of three selected miRNAs in insulin resistance development (miR-135, miR-202, and miR-214), via assessing glucose uptake levels in C2C12 and L6 muscle cell lines. Interestingly, miRNA-transfected cells demonstrated a significantly different glucose uptake compared to the positive control cells. In addition, we evaluated the expression levels of three putative miRNA target genes (Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1, serine/threonine kinase 2, and vesicle-associated membrane protein 2) in transfected cells, recruiting luciferase assay. Our results indicated the targeting and downregulation of Rho-associated coiled-coil containing protein kinase 1 and serine/threonine kinase 2 genes in all miR-transfected cell lines ( P ≤ 0.05), but not for vesicle-associated membrane protein 2. MiRNA upregulation led to the poor stimulation of glucose uptake through insulin and developed insulin-resistant phenotype in both muscle cell lines. Our study showed the role of three miRNAs in the induction of insulin resistance in cell lines and making them prone to type 2 diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Honardoost
- Endocrine Research Center, Institute of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farid Keramati
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering, Stem Cell Technology Research Center, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ehsan Arefian
- Department of Microbiology, School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samira Mohammadi Yeganeh
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Soleimani
- Department of Hematology, School of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
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Demirsoy İH, Ertural DY, Balci Ş, Çınkır Ü, Sezer K, Tamer L, Aras N. Profiles of Circulating MiRNAs Following Metformin Treatment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. J Med Biochem 2018; 37:499-506. [PMID: 30584410 PMCID: PMC6298473 DOI: 10.2478/jomb-2018-0009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2018] [Accepted: 03/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metformin, a widely used biguanide class of anti-diabetic drug, has potential to increase insulin sensitivity and reduce blood glucose to treat type 2 diabetes (T2D). It has been reported that metformin has an activity on regulation of miRNAs by targeting several downstream genes in metabolic pathways. However, molecular mechanism underlying the process is still not fully known. In this study, it was aimed to identify differential expression profiles of plasma derived miRNAs following 3 months metformin treatment in patients with T2D. METHODS The plasma samples of 47 patients with T2D (received no anti-diabetic treatments) and plasma samples of same 47 patients received 3 months metformin treatment was recruited to the study. Total RNAs were isolated from plasma and reverse transcribed into cDNA. Profiles of differential expressions of miRNAs in plasma were assessed by using of micro-fluidic based multiplex quantitative real time -PCR (BioMarkTM 96.96 Dynamic Array). RESULTS Our results showed that expression profiles of 13 candidate miRNAs; hsa-let-7e-5p, hsa-let-7f-5p, hsa-miR- 21-5p, hsa-miR-24-3p, hsa-miR-26b-5p, hsa-miR-126-5p, hsa-miR-129-5p, hsa-miR-130b-3p, hsa-miR-146a-5p, hsamiR- 148a-3p, hsa-miR-152-3p, hsa-miR-194-5p, hsa-miR- 99a-5p were found significantly downregulated following metformin treatments in patients with T2D (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS In conclusion, our finding could provide development of better and more effective miRNAs based therapeutic strategies against T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Şenay Balci
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Ümit Çınkır
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Kerem Sezer
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Lülüfer Tamer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Nurcan Aras
- Department of Medical Biology, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
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Yang Q, Cui Y, Luo F, Liu X, Wang Q, Bai J, Dong F, Sun Q, Lu L, Xu H, Xue J, Chen C, Xiang Q, Liu Q, Zhang Q. MicroRNA-191, acting via the IRS-1/Akt signaling pathway, is involved in the hepatic insulin resistance induced by cigarette smoke extract. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 25:22400-22407. [PMID: 28963693 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-017-0277-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cigarette smoke causes insulin resistance, which is associated with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). However, the mechanism by which this occurs remains poorly understood. Because the involvement of microRNAs (miRNAs) in the development of insulin resistance is largely unknown, we investigated, in hepatocytes, the roles of miR-191 in cigarette smoke extract (CSE)-induced insulin resistance. In L-02 cells, CSE not only decreased glucose uptake and glycogen levels but also reduced levels of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) and Akt activation, effects that were blocked by SC79, an activator of Akt. CSE also increased miR-191 levels in L-02 cells. Furthermore, the inhibition of miR-191 blocked the decreases of IRS-1 and p-Akt levels, which antagonized the decreases of glucose uptake and glycogen levels in L-02 cells induced by CSE. These results reveal a mechanism by which miR-191 is involved in CSE-induced hepatic insulin resistance via the IRS-1/Akt signaling pathway, which helps to elucidate the mechanism for cigarette smoke-induced T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianlei Yang
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Cui
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Fei Luo
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinlu Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiushi Wang
- Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Bai
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Faqin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Solid Waste Treatment and the Resource Recycle, Southwest University of Science and Technology, Mianyan, 621010, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian Sun
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Lu Lu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Xu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Junchao Xue
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Chao Chen
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanyong Xiang
- Jiangsu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- Institute of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 211166, Jiangsu, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qingbi Zhang
- School of Public Health, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, 646000, Sichuan, People's Republic of China.
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Yang WM, Min KH, Park SW, Lee W. Data on the effect of miR-15b on the expression of INSR in murine C2C12 myocytes. Data Brief 2017; 15:882-886. [PMID: 29159225 PMCID: PMC5675725 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.10.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The ectopic expression of miR-15b is linked causally to impaired insulin signaling in human HepG2 hepatocytes through the suppression of INSR (Yang et al., 2015) [1]. In this data article, we further examined the effect of miR-15b on insulin signaling in a murine skeletal muscle cells, C2C12 myocytes. Although the 3’UTR of mouse INSR mRNA has an appropriate binding site for miR-15b based on TargetScan analysis, the ectopic expression of miR-15b did not suppress the expression and insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of insulin signaling intermediates in C2C12 myocytes. A more detailed understanding of the effects of miR-15b on hepatic insulin resistance can be found in “Obesity-induced miR-15b is linked causally to the development of insulin resistance through the repression of the insulin receptor in hepatocytes” (Yang et al., 2015) [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Mo Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38067, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Min
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38067, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Whan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38067, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38067, Republic of Korea.,Endocrine Channelopathy, Channelopathy Research Center, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
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Yang WM, Min KH, Son YS, Park SW, Lee W. Data on the expression and insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS-1 by miR-96 in L6-GLUT4myc myocytes. Data Brief 2017; 15:728-732. [PMID: 29124099 PMCID: PMC5671482 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.10.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Diets containing a high saturated fatty acid (SFA) increase the risk of metabolic diseases, and microRNAs (miRNAs) induced by SFA have been implicated in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. In a previous report, miR-96 is found to be upregulated by SFA and involved in the suppression of insulin signaling intermediates, leading to insulin resistance in hepatocytes (Yang et al., 2016) [1]. This article presents the accompanying data collected from L6-GLUT4myc myocytes to determine the effects of miR-96 on insulin signaling in skeletal muscle cells. The transfection of miR-96 decreased the expression of IRS-1 in myocytes. Accordingly, miR-96 inhibited the insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of IRS-1, which led to an impairment of insulin signaling. More detailed analysis and understanding of the roles of miR-96 in diet-induced insulin resistance can be found in "Induction of miR-96 by dietary saturated fatty acids exacerbates hepatic insulin resistance through the suppression of INSR and IRS-1" (Yang et al., 2016) [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Mo Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38067, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Min
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38067, Republic of Korea
| | - Yi-Seul Son
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38067, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Whan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38067, Republic of Korea
| | - Wan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38067, Republic of Korea
- Endocrine Channelopathy, Channelopathy Research Center, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang-si, Gyeonggi-do 10326, Republic of Korea
- Corresponding author at: Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju-si, Gyeongsangbuk-do 38067, Republic of Korea.Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of MedicineGyeongju-siGyeongsangbuk-do38067Republic of Korea
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Data on the expression of PEPCK in HepG2 hepatocytes transfected with miR-195. Data Brief 2017; 15:747-751. [PMID: 29159212 PMCID: PMC5676084 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.10.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary fats rich in saturated fatty acid (SFA) increase the risk of metabolic diseases, and certain microRNAs (miRNAs) dysregulated by SFA are associated with the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. A previous study found that miR-195 is increased by SFA and impairs hepatic insulin signaling through the suppression of INSR (Yang et al., 2014) [1]. This article reports accompanying data to determine the effect of miR-195 on the expression of PEPCK, a key player in hepatic gluconeogenesis. The transfection of miR-195 in HepG2 hepatocytes was found to increase the mRNA and protein expression of PEPCK. Moreover, the insulin-stimulated reduction of PEPCK expression was attenuated drastically by miR-195. More detailed analysis and understanding of the role of miR-195 in diet-induced hepatic insulin resistance can be found in "Saturated fatty acid-induced miR-195 impairs insulin signaling and glycogen metabolism in HepG2 cells" (Yang et al., 2014) [1].
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Data on the decreased expression of FOXO1 by miR-1271 in HepG2 hepatocytes. Data Brief 2017; 15:800-804. [PMID: 29159216 PMCID: PMC5676082 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2017.10.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 10/22/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity and metabolic diseases are closely associated with insulin resistance. Obesity-induced miRNAs are also considered to be potential contributors to the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Previously, the expression of miR-1271 was reported to be upregulated in the liver of diet-induced obese mice (Yang et al., 2016) [1]. In this data article, multiple in silico analysis predicted FOXO1 gene to be a direct target of miR-1271. Dual luciferase reporter gene analysis showed that miR-1271 suppressed FOXO1 expression by direct binding to 3′UTR. The overexpression of miR-1271 reduced the protein expression of FOXO1, thereby reducing the transcription of PEPCK, a downstream target of FOXO1. The data is related to a research article entitled "MiR-1271 upregulated by saturated fatty acid palmitate provokes impaired insulin signaling by repressing INSR and IRS-1 expression in HepG2 cells" (Yang et al., 2016) [1].
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12
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Yang WM, Min KH, Lee W. Induction of miR-96 by Dietary Saturated Fatty Acids Exacerbates Hepatic Insulin Resistance through the Suppression of INSR and IRS-1. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0169039. [PMID: 28036389 PMCID: PMC5201257 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is defined as the excessive accumulation of body fat that ultimately leads to chronic metabolic diseases. Diets rich in saturated fatty acids (SFA) exacerbate obesity and hepatic steatosis, which increase the risk of hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Although microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in a range of biological processes, the implications of SFA-induced miRNAs in metabolic dysregulation, particularly in the pathogenesis of hepatic insulin resistance, are not well understood. This study investigated the implications of miR-96, which is induced strongly by SFA, in the development of hepatic insulin resistance. The liver of HFD mice and the palmitate-treated hepatocytes exhibited an impairment of insulin signaling due to the significant decrease in INSR and IRS-1 expression. According to expression profiling and qRT-PCR analysis of the miRNAs, the expression level of miR-96 was higher in hepatocytes treated with palmitate. Moreover, miR-96 was also upregulated in the liver of HFD mice. Interestingly, miR-96 targeted the 3'UTRs of INSR and IRS-1 directly, and repressed the expression of INSR and IRS-1 at the post-transcriptional level. Accordingly, the overexpression of miR-96 was found to cause a significant decrease in INSR and IRS-1 expression, thereby leading to an impairment of insulin signaling and glycogen synthesis in hepatocytes. These results reveal a novel mechanism whereby miR-96 promotes the pathogenesis of hepatic insulin resistance resulted from SFA or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Mo Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Min
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Wan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
- Endocrine Channelopathy, Channelopathy Research Center, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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Yang WM, Min KH, Lee W. Data for differentially expressed microRNAs in saturated fatty acid palmitate-treated HepG2 cells. Data Brief 2016; 9:996-999. [PMID: 27900351 PMCID: PMC5123059 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.11.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Revised: 11/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Certain microRNAs (miRNAs) targeting the molecules in the insulin signaling cascades are dysregulated by saturated fatty acids (SFA), which can lead to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. This article reports the accompanying data collected using miRNAs microarrays to identify the changes in miRNA expression in HepG2 cells treated with SFA palmitate. Differentially expressed miRNA analyses in HepG2 cells showed that a range of upregulated (>1.5-fold) or downregulated (<0.5-fold) miRNAs. Further extensive insights into the implications of miRNAs, particularly miR-1271, in HepG2 cells can be found in "MiR-1271 upregulated by saturated fatty acid palmitate provokes impaired insulin signaling by repressing INSR and IRS-1 expression in HepG2 cells" (W.M. Yang, K.H. Min, W. Lee, 2016) [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Mo Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 780-714, South Korea
| | - Kyung-Ho Min
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 780-714, South Korea
| | - Wan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 780-714, South Korea
- Endocrine Channelopathy, Channelopathy Research Center, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, 410-773, South Korea
- Corresponding author at: Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju 780-714, Korea.
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MicroRNA expression analysis in the liver of high fat diet-induced obese mice. Data Brief 2016; 9:1155-1159. [PMID: 27995171 PMCID: PMC5153443 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2016.11.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 11/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study indicated a causal link between certain miRNAs induced by obesity and the development of hepatic insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Here we provide accompanying data collected using Affymetrix GeneChip miRNAs microarrays to identify the changes in miRNAs expression in the liver of mice fed a high fat diet (HFD). Differentially expressed microRNA analyses in the liver of the HFD-fed mice revealed a range of upregulated (>1.5-fold) or downregulated (<0.5-fold) miRNAs. Among those upregulated miRNAs, in silico target analysis, such as TargetScan, PicTar, and miRWalk, identified miRNAs with the putative binding sites on the 3’UTRs of INSR and/or IRS-1. Interpretation of the data and further extensive insights into the implication of miRNAs, particularly miR-15b, in hepatic insulin resistance can be found in "Obesity-induced miR-15b is linked causally to the development of insulin resistance through the repression of the insulin receptor in hepatocytes." (W.M. Yang, H.J. Jeong, S.W. Park, W. Lee, 2015)[1].
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Yang WM, Min KH, Lee W. MiR-1271 upregulated by saturated fatty acid palmitate provokes impaired insulin signaling by repressing INSR and IRS-1 expression in HepG2 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2016; 478:1786-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Diabetes and diabetic kidney diseases have continually exerted a great burden on our society. Although the recent advances in medical research have led to a much better understanding of diabetic kidney diseases, there is still no successful strategy for effective treatments for diabetic kidney diseases. Recently, treatment of diabetic kidney diseases relies either on drugs that reduce the progression of renal injury or on renal replacement therapies, such as dialysis and kidney transplantation. On the other hand, searching for biomarkers for early diagnosis and effective therapy is also urgent. Discovery of microRNAs has opened to a novel field for posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression. Results from cell culture experiments, experimental animal models, and patients under diabetic conditions reveal the critical role of microRNAs during the progression of diabetic kidney diseases. Functional studies demonstrate not only the capability of microRNAs to regulate expression of target genes, but also their therapeutic potential to diabetic kidney diseases. The existence of microRNAs in plasma, serum, and urine suggests their possibility to be biomarkers in diabetic kidney diseases. Thus, identification of the functional role of microRNAs provides an essentially clinical impact in terms of prevention and treatment of progression in diabetic kidney diseases as it enables us to develop novel, specific therapies and diagnostic tools for diabetic kidney diseases.
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Yang WM, Jeong HJ, Park SW, Lee W. Obesity-induced miR-15b is linked causally to the development of insulin resistance through the repression of the insulin receptor in hepatocytes. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 59:2303-14. [PMID: 26179126 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Obesity increases intracellular lipid accumulation in key tissues or organs, which often leads to metabolic dysfunction and insulin resistance. Diets rich in saturated fatty acid (SFA) exacerbate obesity and hepatic steatosis, which accentuate the risk of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Although microRNAs (miRNAs) play a critical role in the regulation of gene expression, the implication of obesity-induced miRNAs in metabolic disorders particularly in the development of insulin resistance is largely unknown. Here, we investigated the implication of miR-15b, which is induced by SFA palmitate or obesity, in hepatic insulin resistance. METHODS AND RESULTS Diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice developed hyperglycemia and insulin resistance, accompanying with a reduction of insulin receptor (INSR) expression. Palmitate impaired insulin signaling as well as a decrease of INSR in hepatocytes. The expression of miR-15b was upregulated by DIO or palmitate in hepatocytes. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-15b suppressed the protein expression of INSR through targeting INSR 3' untranslated region directly, resulting in an impairment of the insulin signaling and glycogen synthesis in hepatocytes. CONCLUSION These results unveil a novel mechanism whereby miR-15b is linked causally to the pathogenesis of hepatic insulin resistance in SFA-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Mo Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Hyo-Jin Jeong
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Se-Whan Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea
| | - Wan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Gyeongju, Korea.,Endocrine Channelopathy, Channelopathy Research Center, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Goyang, Korea
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Meseguer S, Martínez-Zamora A, García-Arumí E, Andreu AL, Armengod ME. The ROS-sensitive microRNA-9/9* controls the expression of mitochondrial tRNA-modifying enzymes and is involved in the molecular mechanism of MELAS syndrome. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:167-84. [PMID: 25149473 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction activates mitochondria-to-nucleus signaling pathways whose components are mostly unknown. Identification of these components is important to understand the molecular mechanisms underlying mitochondrial diseases and to discover putative therapeutic targets. MELAS syndrome is a rare neurodegenerative disease caused by mutations in mitochondrial (mt) DNA affecting mt-tRNA(Leu(UUR)). Patient and cybrid cells exhibit elevated oxidative stress. Moreover, mutant mt-tRNAs(Leu(UUR)) lack the taurine-containing modification normally present at the wobble uridine (U34) of wild-type mt-tRNA(Leu(UUR)), which is considered an etiology of MELAS. However, the molecular mechanism is still unclear. We found that MELAS cybrids exhibit a significant decrease in the steady-state levels of several mt-tRNA-modification enzymes, which is not due to transcriptional regulation. We demonstrated that oxidative stress mediates an NFkB-dependent induction of microRNA-9/9*, which acts as a post-transcriptional negative regulator of the mt-tRNA-modification enzymes GTPBP3, MTO1 and TRMU. Down-regulation of these enzymes by microRNA-9/9* affects the U34 modification status of non-mutant tRNAs and contributes to the MELAS phenotype. Anti-microRNA-9 treatments of MELAS cybrids reverse the phenotype, whereas miR-9 transfection of wild-type cells mimics the effects of siRNA-mediated down-regulation of GTPBP3, MTO1 and TRMU. Our data represent the first evidence that an mt-DNA disease can directly affect microRNA expression. Moreover, we demonstrate that the modification status of mt-tRNAs is dynamic and that cells respond to stress by modulating the expression of mt-tRNA-modifying enzymes. microRNA-9/9* is a crucial player in mitochondria-to-nucleus signaling as it regulates expression of nuclear genes in response to changes in the functional state of mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salvador Meseguer
- Laboratory of RNA Modification and Mitochondrial Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - Ana Martínez-Zamora
- Laboratory of RNA Modification and Mitochondrial Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia 46012, Spain
| | - Elena García-Arumí
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (node U701), Barcelona, Spain and
| | - Antonio L Andreu
- Hospital Universitari Vall d'Hebron, Institut de Recerca, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona 08035, Spain Biomedical Research Networking Centre for Rare Diseases (CIBERER) (node U701), Barcelona, Spain and
| | - M-Eugenia Armengod
- Laboratory of RNA Modification and Mitochondrial Diseases, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia 46012, Spain CIBERER (node U721), Valencia, Spain
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19
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Madhyastha R, Madhyastha H, Pengjam Y, Nakajima Y, Omura S, Maruyama M. NFkappaB activation is essential for miR-21 induction by TGFβ1 in high glucose conditions. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2014; 451:615-21. [PMID: 25130469 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2014.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta1 (TGFβ1) is a pleiotropic growth factor with a very broad spectrum of effects on wound healing. Chronic non-healing wounds such as diabetic foot ulcers express reduced levels of TGFβ1. On the other hand, our previous studies have shown that the microRNA miR-21 is differentially regulated in diabetic wounds and that it promotes migration of fibroblast cells. Although interplay between TGFβ1 and miR-21 are studied in relation to cancer, their interaction in the context of chronic wounds has not yet been investigated. In this study, we examined if TGFβ1 could stimulate miR-21 in fibroblasts that are subjected to high glucose environment. MiR-21 was, in fact, induced by TGFβ1 in high glucose conditions. The induction by TGFβ1 was dependent on NFκB activation and subsequent ROS generation. TGFβ1 was instrumental in degrading the NFκB inhibitor IκBα and facilitating the nuclear translocation of NFκB p65 subunit. EMSA studies showed enhanced DNA binding activity of NFκB in the presence of TGFβ1. ChIP assay revealed binding of p65 to miR-21 promoter. NFκB activation was also required for the nuclear translocation of Smad 4 protein and subsequent direct interaction of Smad proteins with primary miR-21 as revealed by RNA-IP studies. Our results show that manipulation of TGFβ1-NFκB-miR-21 pathway could serve as an innovative approach towards therapeutics to heal diabetic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radha Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan.
| | - HarishKumar Madhyastha
- Department of Applied Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yutthana Pengjam
- Department of Applied Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Yuichi Nakajima
- Department of Applied Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Sayuri Omura
- Department of Applied Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
| | - Masugi Maruyama
- Department of Applied Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Miyazaki, Miyazaki, Japan
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Li R, Chung ACK, Yu X, Lan HY. MicroRNAs in Diabetic Kidney Disease. Int J Endocrinol 2014; 2014:593956. [PMID: 24550986 PMCID: PMC3914440 DOI: 10.1155/2014/593956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Rapid growth of diabetes and diabetic kidney disease exerts a great burden on society. Owing to the lack of effective treatments for diabetic kidney disease, treatment relies on drugs that either reduces its progression or involve renal replacement therapies, such as dialysis and kidney transplantation. It is urgent to search for biomarkers for early diagnosis and effective therapy. The discovery of microRNAs had lead to a new era of post-transcriptional regulators of gene expression. Studies from cells, experimental animal models and patients under diabetic conditions demonstrate that expression patterns of microRNAs are altered during the progression of diabetic kidney disease. Functional studies indicate that the ability of microRNAs to bind 3' untranslated region of messenger RNA not only shows their capability to regulate expression of target genes, but also their therapeutic potential to diabetic kidney disease. The presence of microRNAs in plasma, serum, and urine has been shown to be possible biomarkers in diabetic kidney disease. Therefore, identification of the pathogenic role of microRNAs possesses an important clinical impact in terms of prevention and treatment of progression in diabetic kidney disease because it allows us to design novel and specific therapies and diagnostic tools for diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Li
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Nephrology, The First People's Hospital of Yunnan Province, Yunnan, China
| | - Arthur C. K. Chung
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- *Arthur C. K. Chung:
| | - Xueqing Yu
- Department of Nephrology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Y. Lan
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong
- Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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21
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Chan M, Liaw CS, Ji SM, Tan HH, Wong CY, Thike AA, Tan PH, Ho GH, Lee ASG. Identification of circulating microRNA signatures for breast cancer detection. Clin Cancer Res 2013; 19:4477-87. [PMID: 23797906 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-12-3401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is a quest for novel noninvasive diagnostic markers for the detection of breast cancer. The goal of this study is to identify circulating microRNA (miRNA) signatures using a cohort of Asian Chinese patients with breast cancer, and to compare miRNA profiles between tumor and serum samples. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN miRNA from paired breast cancer tumors, normal tissue, and serum samples derived from 32 patients were comprehensively profiled using microarrays or locked nucleic acid real-time PCR panels. Serum samples from healthy individuals (n = 22) were also used as normal controls. Significant serum miRNAs, identified by logistic regression, were validated in an independent set of serum samples from patients (n = 132) and healthy controls (n = 101). RESULTS The 20 most significant miRNAs differentially expressed in breast cancer tumors included miRNA (miR)-21, miR-10b, and miR-145, previously shown to be dysregulated in breast cancer. Only 7 miRNAs were overexpressed in both tumors and serum, suggesting that miRNAs may be released into the serum selectively. Interestingly, 16 of the 20 most significant miRNAs differentially expressed in serum samples were novel. MiR-1, miR-92a, miR-133a, and miR-133b were identified as the most important diagnostic markers, and were successfully validated; receiver operating characteristic curves derived from combinations of these miRNAs exhibited areas under the curves of 0.90 to 0.91. CONCLUSION The clinical use of miRNA signatures as a noninvasive diagnostic strategy is promising, but should be further validated for different subtypes of breast cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurice Chan
- Division of Medical Sciences, National Cancer Centre, Singapore
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22
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Implications of microRNAs in the pathogenesis of diabetes. Arch Pharm Res 2013; 36:154-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s12272-013-0017-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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23
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Yang YM, Seo SY, Kim TH, Kim SG. Decrease of microRNA-122 causes hepatic insulin resistance by inducing protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B, which is reversed by licorice flavonoid. Hepatology 2012; 56:2209-20. [PMID: 22807119 DOI: 10.1002/hep.25912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 06/07/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibits hepatic insulin signaling by dephosphorylating tyrosine residues in insulin receptor (IR) and insulin receptor substrate (IRS). MicroRNAs may modulate metabolic functions. In view of the lack of understanding of the regulatory mechanism of PTP1B and its chemical inhibitors, this study investigated whether dysregulation of specific microRNA causes PTP1B-mediated hepatic insulin resistance, and if so, what the underlying basis is. In high-fat-diet-fed mice or hepatocyte models with insulin resistance, the expression of microRNA-122 (miR-122), the most abundant microRNA in the liver, was substantially down-regulated among those predicted to interact with the 3'-untranslated region of PTP1B messenger RNA (mRNA). Experiments using miR-122 mimic and its inhibitor indicated that miR-122 repression caused PTP1B induction. Overexpression of c-Jun N-terminal kinase 1 (JNK1) resulted in miR-122 down-regulation with the induction of PTP1B. A dominant-negative mutant of JNK1 had the opposite effect. JNK1 facilitated inactivating phosphorylation of hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) responsible for miR-122 expression, as verified by the lack of HNF4α binding to the gene promoter. The regulatory role of JNK1 in PTP1B induction by a decrease in miR-122 level was strengthened by cell-based assays using isoliquiritigenin and liquiritigenin (components in Glycyrrhizae radix) as functional JNK inhibitors; JNK inhibition enabled cells to restore IR and IRS1/2 tyrosine phosphorylation and insulin signaling against tumor necrosis factor alpha, and prevented PTP1B induction. Moreover, treatment with each of the agents increased miR-122 levels and abrogated hepatic insulin resistance in mice fed a high-fat diet, causing a glucose-lowering effect. CONCLUSION Decreased levels of miR-122 as a consequence of HNF4α phosphorylation by JNK1 lead to hepatic insulin resistance through PTP1B induction, which may be overcome by chemical inhibition of JNK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Mee Yang
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Kumar M, Nath S, Prasad HK, Sharma GD, Li Y. MicroRNAs: a new ray of hope for diabetes mellitus. Protein Cell 2012; 3:726-38. [PMID: 23055040 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-012-2055-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2012] [Accepted: 07/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus has become one of the most common chronic diseases, thereby posing a major challenge to global health. Characterized by high levels of blood glucose (hyperglycemia), diabetes usually results from a loss of insulin-producing β-cells in the pancreas, leading to a deficiency of insulin (type 1 diabetes), or loss of insulin sensitivity (type 2 diabetes). Both types of diabetes have serious secondary complications, such as microvascular abnormalities, cardiovascular dysfunction, and kidney failure. Various complex factors, such as genetic and environmental factors, are associated with the pathophysiology of diabetes. Over the past two decades, the role of small, single-stranded noncoding microRNAs in various metabolic disorders, especially diabetes mellitus and its complications, has gained widespread attention in the scientific community. Discovered first as an endogenous regulator of development in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, these small RNAs post-transcriptionally suppress mRNA target expression. In this review, we discuss the potential roles of different microRNAs in diabetes and diabetes-related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Munish Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam University, Silchar, India.
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25
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Stakos DA, Gatsiou A, Stamatelopoulos K, Tselepis AD, Stellos K. Platelet microRNAs: From platelet biology to possible disease biomarkers and therapeutic targets. Platelets 2012; 24:579-89. [PMID: 22994623 DOI: 10.3109/09537104.2012.724483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Although anucleated, platelets contain megakaryocyte-derived messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) which can be translated to produce protein molecules. Recently, platelets have been found to contain small (∼23 base pair) non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) derived from hairpin-like precursors. MiRNAs can specifically silence their mRNA targets regulating mRNA translation. Platelet miRNAs are reported to bind to important platelet target mRNAs involved in platelet reactivity including P2Y12 ADP receptor, GPIIb receptor, and cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase A. They also regulate important functions such as platelet shape change, granules secretion, and platelet activation. Platelet miRNAs were also proposed as biomarkers of arteriosclerosis, although their role in vascular inflammation needs to be elucidated. Further, the possibility of using miRNAs as therapeutic tools has emerged. Using synthetic oligo-nucleotides that antagonize miRNAs binding to their mRNAs-targets or synthetic miRNAs mimics that enhance endogenous miRNAs function potentially will ultimately lead to the manipulation of platelet miRNAs expression and function with significant effects on specific protein levels and overall platelet reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dimitrios A Stakos
- Cardiology Clinic, Democritus University of Thrace , Alexandroupolis , Greece
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26
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Dysregulation of Dicer1 in beta cells impairs islet architecture and glucose metabolism. EXPERIMENTAL DIABETES RESEARCH 2012; 2012:470302. [PMID: 22991506 PMCID: PMC3443614 DOI: 10.1155/2012/470302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Revised: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/17/2012] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
microRNAs (miRNAs) play important roles in pancreas development and in regulation of insulin expression in the adult. Here we show that loss of miRNAs activity in beta-cells during embryonic development results in lower beta-cell mass and in impaired glucose tolerance. Dicer1-null cells initially constitute a significant portion of the total beta-cell population. However, during postnatal development, Dicer1-null cells are depleted. Furthermore, wild-type beta cells are repopulating the islets in complex compensatory dynamics. Because loss of Dicer1 is also associated with changes in the distribution of membranous E-cadherin, we hypothesized that E-cadherin activity may play a role in beta cell survival or islet architecture. However, genetic loss of E-cadherin function does not impair islet architecture, suggesting that miRNAs likely function through other or redundant effectors in the endocrine pancreas.
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27
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Kalis M, Bolmeson C, Esguerra JLS, Gupta S, Edlund A, Tormo-Badia N, Speidel D, Holmberg D, Mayans S, Khoo NKS, Wendt A, Eliasson L, Cilio CM. Beta-cell specific deletion of Dicer1 leads to defective insulin secretion and diabetes mellitus. PLoS One 2011; 6:e29166. [PMID: 22216196 PMCID: PMC3246465 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Mature microRNAs (miRNAs), derived through cleavage of pre-miRNAs by the Dicer1 enzyme, regulate protein expression in many cell-types including cells in the pancreatic islets of Langerhans. To investigate the importance of miRNAs in mouse insulin secreting β-cells, we have generated mice with a β-cells specific disruption of the Dicer1 gene using the Cre-lox system controlled by the rat insulin promoter (RIP). In contrast to their normoglycaemic control littermates (RIP-Cre+/− Dicer1Δ/wt), RIP-Cre+/−Dicer1flox/flox mice (RIP-Cre Dicer1Δ/Δ) developed progressive hyperglycaemia and full-blown diabetes mellitus in adulthood that recapitulated the natural history of the spontaneous disease in mice. Reduced insulin gene expression and concomitant reduced insulin secretion preceded the hyperglycaemic state and diabetes development. Immunohistochemical, flow cytometric and ultrastructural analyses revealed altered islet morphology, marked decreased β-cell mass, reduced numbers of granules within the β-cells and reduced granule docking in adult RIP-Cre Dicer1Δ/Δ mice. β-cell specific Dicer1 deletion did not appear to disrupt fetal and neonatal β-cell development as 2-week old RIP-Cre Dicer1Δ/Δ mice showed ultrastructurally normal β-cells and intact insulin secretion. In conclusion, we have demonstrated that a β-cell specific disruption of the miRNAs network, although allowing for apparently normal β-cell development, leads to progressive impairment of insulin secretion, glucose homeostasis and diabetes development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martins Kalis
- Cellular Autoimmunity Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Caroline Bolmeson
- Cellular Autoimmunity Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Jonathan L. S. Esguerra
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Shashank Gupta
- Department of Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Edlund
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Neivis Tormo-Badia
- Cellular Autoimmunity Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dina Speidel
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Dan Holmberg
- Department of Medical Genetics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sofia Mayans
- Department of Medical Genetics, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
- Department of Disease Biology, Faculty of Life Science, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nelson K. S. Khoo
- Cellular Autoimmunity Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Anna Wendt
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Lena Eliasson
- Islet Cell Exocytosis, Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- * E-mail: (LE); (CC)
| | - Corrado M. Cilio
- Cellular Autoimmunity Unit, Lund University Diabetes Center, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Malmö University Hospital, Malmö, Sweden
- * E-mail: (LE); (CC)
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Xiong M, Jiang L, Zhou Y, Qiu W, Fang L, Tan R, Wen P, Yang J. The miR-200 family regulates TGF-β1-induced renal tubular epithelial to mesenchymal transition through Smad pathway by targeting ZEB1 and ZEB2 expression. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2011; 302:F369-79. [PMID: 22012804 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00268.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 205] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Most chronic kidney injuries inevitably progress to irreversible renal fibrosis. Tubular epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is recognized to play pivotal roles in the process of renal fibrosis. However, a comprehensive understanding of the pathogenesis of renal scar formation and progression remains an urgent task for renal researchers. The endogenously produced microRNAs (miRNAs), proved to play important roles in gene regulation, probably regulate most genes involved in EMT. In this study, we applied microarray analysis to investigate the expression profiles of miRNA in murine interstitial fibrotic kidneys induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). It was found that miR-200a and miR-141, two members of the miR-200 family, were downregulated at the early phase of UUO. In TGF-β1-induced tubular EMT in vitro, it was also found that the members of the miR-200 family were downregulated in a Smad signaling-dependent manner. It was demonstrated that the miR-200 family was responsible for protecting tubular epithelial cells from mesenchymal transition by target suppression of zinc finger E-box-binding homeobox (ZEB) 1 and ZEB2, which are E-cadherin transcriptional repressors. The results suggest that downregulation of the miR-200 family initiates the dedifferentiation of renal tubules and progression of renal fibrosis, which might provide important targets for novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxia Xiong
- Jiangsu Diabetes Center; Center of Kidney Disease, 2nd Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical Univ., Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
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Madhavan S, Gusev Y, Harris M, Tanenbaum DM, Gauba R, Bhuvaneshwar K, Shinohara A, Rosso K, Carabet LA, Song L, Riggins RB, Dakshanamurthy S, Wang Y, Byers SW, Clarke R, Weiner LM. G-DOC: a systems medicine platform for personalized oncology. Neoplasia 2011; 13:771-83. [PMID: 21969811 PMCID: PMC3182270 DOI: 10.1593/neo.11806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2011] [Revised: 07/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/01/2011] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Currently, cancer therapy remains limited by a "one-size-fits-all" approach, whereby treatment decisions are based mainly on the clinical stage of disease, yet fail to reference the individual's underlying biology and its role driving malignancy. Identifying better personalized therapies for cancer treatment is hindered by the lack of high-quality "omics" data of sufficient size to produce meaningful results and the ability to integrate biomedical data from disparate technologies. Resolving these issues will help translation of therapies from research to clinic by helping clinicians develop patient-specific treatments based on the unique signatures of patient's tumor. Here we describe the Georgetown Database of Cancer (G-DOC), a Web platform that enables basic and clinical research by integrating patient characteristics and clinical outcome data with a variety of high-throughput research data in a unified environment. While several rich data repositories for high-dimensional research data exist in the public domain, most focus on a single-data type and do not support integration across multiple technologies. Currently, G-DOC contains data from more than 2500 breast cancer patients and 800 gastrointestinal cancer patients, G-DOC includes a broad collection of bioinformatics and systems biology tools for analysis and visualization of four major "omics" types: DNA, mRNA, microRNA, and metabolites. We believe that G-DOC will help facilitate systems medicine by providing identification of trends and patterns in integrated data sets and hence facilitate the use of better targeted therapies for cancer. A set of representative usage scenarios is provided to highlight the technical capabilities of this resource.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subha Madhavan
- Lombardi Comprehensive Cancer Center, Georgetown University, Washington, DC 20007, USA.
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Zhou T, Garcia JG, Zhang W. Integrating microRNAs into a system biology approach to acute lung injury. Transl Res 2011; 157:180-90. [PMID: 21420028 PMCID: PMC3073780 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2011.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2010] [Revised: 01/15/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI), including the ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) and the more severe acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), are common and complex inflammatory lung diseases potentially affected by various genetic and nongenetic factors. Using the candidate gene approach, genetic variants associated with immune response and inflammatory pathways have been identified and implicated in ALI. Because gene expression is an intermediate phenotype that resides between the DNA sequence variation and the higher level cellular or whole-body phenotypes, the illustration of gene expression regulatory networks potentially could enhance understanding of disease susceptibility and the development of inflammatory lung syndromes. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as a novel class of gene regulators that play critical roles in complex diseases including ALI. Comparisons of global miRNA profiles in animal models of ALI and VILI identified several miRNAs (eg, miR-146a and miR-155) previously implicated in immune response and inflammatory pathways. Therefore, via regulation of target genes in these biological processes and pathways, miRNAs potentially contribute to the development of ALI. Although this line of inquiry exists at a nascent stage, miRNAs have the potential to be critical components of a comprehensive model for inflammatory lung disease built by a systems biology approach that integrates genetic, genomic, proteomic, epigenetic as well as environmental stimuli information. Given their particularly recognized role in regulation of immune and inflammatory responses, miRNAs also serve as novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers for ALI/ARDS or VILI, thus facilitating the realization of personalized medicine for individuals with acute inflammatory lung disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Zhou
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Joe G.N. Garcia
- Section of Pulmonary, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Institute for Personalized Respiratory Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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31
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Ryu HS, Park SY, Ma D, Zhang J, Lee W. The induction of microRNA targeting IRS-1 is involved in the development of insulin resistance under conditions of mitochondrial dysfunction in hepatocytes. PLoS One 2011; 6:e17343. [PMID: 21464990 PMCID: PMC3064581 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0017343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/31/2011] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Mitochondrial dysfunction induces insulin resistance in myocytes via a reduction of insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) expression. However, the effect of mitochondrial dysfunction on insulin sensitivity is not understood well in hepatocytes. Although research has implicated the translational repression of target genes by endogenous non-coding microRNAs (miRNA) in the pathogenesis of various diseases, the identity and role of the miRNAs that are involved in the development of insulin resistance also remain largely unknown. Methodology To determine whether mitochondrial dysfunction induced by genetic or metabolic inhibition causes insulin resistance in hepatocytes, we analyzed the expression and insulin-stimulated phosphorylation of insulin signaling intermediates in SK-Hep1 hepatocytes. We used qRT-PCR to measure cellular levels of selected miRNAs that are thought to target IRS-1 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTR). Using overexpression of miR-126, we determined whether IRS-1-targeting miRNA causes insulin resistance in hepatocytes. Principal Findings Mitochondrial dysfunction resulting from genetic (mitochondrial DNA depletion) or metabolic inhibition (Rotenone or Antimycin A) induced insulin resistance in hepatocytes via a reduction in the expression of IRS-1 protein. In addition, we observed a significant up-regulation of several miRNAs presumed to target IRS-1 3′UTR in hepatocytes with mitochondrial dysfunction. Using reporter gene assay we confirmed that miR-126 directly targeted to IRS-1 3′UTR. Furthermore, the overexpression of miR-126 in hepatocytes caused a substantial reduction in IRS-1 protein expression, and a consequent impairment in insulin signaling. Conclusions/Significance We demonstrated that miR-126 was actively involved in the development of insulin resistance induced by mitochondrial dysfunction. These data provide novel insights into the molecular basis of insulin resistance, and implicate miRNA in the development of metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Su Ryu
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Kyungju, Korea
| | - Seung-Yoon Park
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Kyungju, Korea
| | - Duan Ma
- Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Key Lab of Molecular Medicine, Shanghai Medical College, Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Wan Lee
- Department of Biochemistry, Dongguk University College of Medicine, Kyungju, Korea
- * E-mail:
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Identification of microRNAs expressed highly in pancreatic islet-like cell clusters differentiated from human embryonic stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2011; 35:29-37. [PMID: 20735361 DOI: 10.1042/cbi20090081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune destruction of pancreatic islet beta cell disease, making it important to find a new alternative source of the islet beta cells to replace the damaged cells. hES (human embryonic stem) cells possess unlimited self-renewal and pluripotency and thus have the potential to provide an unlimited supply of different cell types for tissue replacement. The hES-T3 cells with normal female karyotype were first differentiated into EBs (embryoid bodies) and then induced to generate the T3pi (pancreatic islet-like cell clusters derived from T3 cells), which expressed pancreatic islet cell-specific markers of insulin, glucagon and somatostatin. The expression profiles of microRNAs and mRNAs from the T3pi were analysed and compared with those of undifferentiated hES-T3 cells and differentiated EBs. MicroRNAs negatively regulate the expression of protein-coding mRNAs. The T3pi showed very high expression of microRNAs, miR-186, miR-199a and miR-339, which down-regulated the expression of LIN28, PRDM1, CALB1, GCNT2, RBM47, PLEKHH1, RBPMS2 and PAK6. Therefore, these microRNAs and their target genes are very likely to play important regulatory roles in the development of pancreas and/or differentiation of islet cells, and they may be manipulated to increase the proportion of beta cells and insulin synthesis in the differentiated T3pi for cell therapy of type I diabetics.
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Kong L, Zhu J, Han W, Jiang X, Xu M, Zhao Y, Dong Q, Pang Z, Guan Q, Gao L, Zhao J, Zhao L. Significance of serum microRNAs in pre-diabetes and newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes: a clinical study. Acta Diabetol 2011; 48:61-9. [PMID: 20857148 DOI: 10.1007/s00592-010-0226-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 386] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2010] [Accepted: 09/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
To explore the clinical significance of seven diabetes-related serum microRNAs (miR-9, miR-29a, miR-30d, miR34a, miR-124a, miR146a and miR375) during the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes (T2D), 56 subjects were recruited to this study: 18 cases of newly diagnosed T2D (n-T2D) patients, 19 cases of pre-diabetes individuals (impaired glucose tolerance [IGT] and/or impaired fasting glucose [IFG]) and 19 cases of T2D-susceptible individuals with normal glucose tolerance (s-NGT). Serum miRNAs were determined by real-time RT-PCR. Expression levels of single miRNAs and the expression signatures of miRNAs as a panel were analysed among the three groups. In n-T2D, all 7 miRNAs were significantly up-regulated compared with s-NGT and five were significantly up-regulated compared with pre-diabetes, while miRNA expression was not significantly different between s-NGT and pre-diabetes. By Canonical discriminant analysis, 70.6% of n-T2D subjects (12/17) were recognized by canonical discriminant function, while s-NGT and pre-diabetes subjects could not be discriminated from each other. Similar results were found in Hierarchical Clustering analysis based on the expression levels of all seven miRNAs. In different statistical analysis, miR-34a always showed the most significant differences. We conclude that the expression levels of seven diabetes-related miRNAs in serum were significantly elevated in n-T2D compared with pre-diabetes and/or s-NGT, and the latter two groups featured similar expression patterns of these miRNAs, suggesting that during the pathogenesis of T2D, the peripheral diabetes-related miRNAs have not changed significantly from s-NGT at pre-diabetic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Kong
- Department of Endocrinology, Provincial Hospital/Shandong University, 324 Jingwu Road, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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34
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miRNAs control insulin content in pancreatic β-cells via downregulation of transcriptional repressors. EMBO J 2011; 30:835-45. [PMID: 21285947 DOI: 10.1038/emboj.2010.361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2010] [Accepted: 12/16/2010] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) were shown to be important for pancreas development, yet their roles in differentiated β-cells remain unclear. Here, we show that miRNA inactivation in β-cells of adult mice results in a striking diabetic phenotype. While islet architecture is intact and differentiation markers are maintained, Dicer1-deficient β-cells show a dramatic decrease in insulin content and insulin mRNA. As a consequence of the change in insulin content, the animals become diabetic. We provide evidence for involvement of a set of miRNAs in regulating insulin synthesis. The specific knockdown of miR-24, miR-26, miR-182 or miR-148 in cultured β-cells or in isolated primary islets downregulates insulin promoter activity and insulin mRNA levels. Further, miRNA-dependent regulation of insulin expression is associated with upregulation of transcriptional repressors, including Bhlhe22 and Sox6. Thus, miRNAs in the adult pancreas act in a new network that reinforces insulin expression by reducing the expression of insulin transcriptional repressors.
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35
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MicroRNAs profiling in murine models of acute and chronic asthma: a relationship with mRNAs targets. PLoS One 2011. [PMID: 21305051 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016509.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND miRNAs are now recognized as key regulator elements in gene expression. Although they have been associated with a number of human diseases, their implication in acute and chronic asthma and their association with lung remodelling have never been thoroughly investigated. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS In order to establish a miRNAs expression profile in lung tissue, mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin mimicking acute, intermediate and chronic human asthma. Levels of lung miRNAs were profiled by microarray and in silico analyses were performed to identify potential mRNA targets and to point out signalling pathways and biological processes regulated by miRNA-dependent mechanisms. Fifty-eight, 66 and 75 miRNAs were found to be significantly modulated at short-, intermediate- and long-term challenge, respectively. Inverse correlation with the expression of potential mRNA targets identified mmu-miR-146b, -223, -29b, -29c, -483, -574-5p, -672 and -690 as the best candidates for an active implication in asthma pathogenesis. A functional validation assay was performed by cotransfecting in human lung fibroblasts (WI26) synthetic miRNAs and engineered expression constructs containing the coding sequence of luciferase upstream of the 3'UTR of various potential mRNA targets. The bioinformatics analysis identified miRNA-linked regulation of several signalling pathways, as matrix metalloproteinases, inflammatory response and TGF-β signalling, and biological processes, including apoptosis and inflammation. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights that specific miRNAs are likely to be involved in asthma disease and could represent a valuable resource both for biological makers identification and for unveiling mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of asthma.
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36
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Garbacki N, Di Valentin E, Huynh-Thu VA, Geurts P, Irrthum A, Crahay C, Arnould T, Deroanne C, Piette J, Cataldo D, Colige A. MicroRNAs profiling in murine models of acute and chronic asthma: a relationship with mRNAs targets. PLoS One 2011; 6:e16509. [PMID: 21305051 PMCID: PMC3030602 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0016509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background miRNAs are now recognized as key regulator elements in gene expression. Although they have been associated with a number of human diseases, their implication in acute and chronic asthma and their association with lung remodelling have never been thoroughly investigated. Methodology/Principal Findings In order to establish a miRNAs expression profile in lung tissue, mice were sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin mimicking acute, intermediate and chronic human asthma. Levels of lung miRNAs were profiled by microarray and in silico analyses were performed to identify potential mRNA targets and to point out signalling pathways and biological processes regulated by miRNA-dependent mechanisms. Fifty-eight, 66 and 75 miRNAs were found to be significantly modulated at short-, intermediate- and long-term challenge, respectively. Inverse correlation with the expression of potential mRNA targets identified mmu-miR-146b, -223, -29b, -29c, -483, -574-5p, -672 and -690 as the best candidates for an active implication in asthma pathogenesis. A functional validation assay was performed by cotransfecting in human lung fibroblasts (WI26) synthetic miRNAs and engineered expression constructs containing the coding sequence of luciferase upstream of the 3′UTR of various potential mRNA targets. The bioinformatics analysis identified miRNA-linked regulation of several signalling pathways, as matrix metalloproteinases, inflammatory response and TGF-β signalling, and biological processes, including apoptosis and inflammation. Conclusions/Significance This study highlights that specific miRNAs are likely to be involved in asthma disease and could represent a valuable resource both for biological makers identification and for unveiling mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Garbacki
- GIGA-Research, Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Emmanuel Di Valentin
- GIGA-Research, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Vân Anh Huynh-Thu
- GIGA-Research, Systems and modeling, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Pierre Geurts
- GIGA-Research, Systems and modeling, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alexandre Irrthum
- GIGA-Research, Systems and modeling, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Céline Crahay
- GIGA-Research, Laboratory of Biology of Tumours and Development, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Thierry Arnould
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, University of Namur, Namur, Belgium
| | - Christophe Deroanne
- GIGA-Research, Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Jacques Piette
- GIGA-Research, Laboratory of Virology and Immunology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Didier Cataldo
- GIGA-Research, Laboratory of Biology of Tumours and Development, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Alain Colige
- GIGA-Research, Laboratory of Connective Tissues Biology, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Hennessy E, O'Driscoll L. MicroRNA expression analysis: techniques suitable for studies of intercellular and extracellular microRNAs. Methods Mol Biol 2011; 784:99-107. [PMID: 21898215 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-289-2_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs, the class of small ribo-regulators, have been implicated in the regulation of a range of different biological processes, including development and differentiation, proliferation, and cell death. Only for a small fraction of identified microRNAs has a function been elucidated; therefore, a great deal of research remains to be performed to fully understand the role and implications of microRNAs.This chapter discusses protocols for the isolation of microRNAs, reverse transcription, PCR, and large scale profiling using TaqMan low density miRNA arrays for analysis of microRNA expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Hennessy
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Ireland.
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Liu J, Jennings SF, Tong W, Hong H. Next generation sequencing for profiling expression of miRNAs: technical progress and applications in drug development. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 4:666-676. [PMID: 22457835 DOI: 10.4236/jbise.2011.410083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
miRNAs are non-coding RNAs that play a regulatory role in expression of genes and are associated with diseases. Quantitatively measuring expression levels of miRNAs can help in understanding the mechanisms of human diseases and discovering new drug targets. There are three major methods that have been used to measure the expression levels of miRNAs: real-time reverse transcription PCR (qRT-PCR), microarray, and the newly introduced next-generation sequencing (NGS). NGS is not only suitable for profiling of known miRNAs as qRT-PCR and microarray can do too but it also is able to detect unknown miRNAs which the other two methods are incapable of doing. Profiling of miRNAs by NGS has progressed rapidly and is a promising field for applications in drug development. This paper reviews the technical advancement of NGS for profiling miRNAs, including comparative analyses between different platforms and software packages for analyzing NGS data. Examples and future perspectives of applications of NGS profiling miRNAs in drug development will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- University of Arkansas at Little Rock/University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences Bioinformatics Graduate Program, Little Rock, USA
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Chen YQ, Wang XX, Yao XM, Zhang DL, Yang XF, Tian SF, Wang NS. MicroRNA-195 promotes apoptosis in mouse podocytes via enhanced caspase activity driven by BCL2 insufficiency. Am J Nephrol 2011; 34:549-59. [PMID: 22123611 DOI: 10.1159/000333809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/21/2011] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The apoptosis of podocytes is a characteristic event in diabetic nephropathy. The aim of this study was to investigate whether microRNAs (miRNAs) affect podocyte apoptosis in diabetic circumstances. METHODS Diabetic nephropathy was induced in DBA/2 mice by intraperitoneal injections of streptozotocin, and the levels of proteinuria were measured with ELISA. Apoptosis-related miRNAs were screened in isolated glomeruli. A conditionally immortalized mouse podocyte cell line was cultured in 25 mMD-glucose and either transfected with miRNA-195 (miR-195) mimics or inhibitors. The levels of BCL2 and caspase expression were determined using real-time RT-PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. We also measured WT-1 and synaptopodin in podocytes. Apoptosis of podocytes was assessed with Hoechst 33258 nuclear staining, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL), and flow cytometry. RESULTS The expression of miR-195 was elevated in both diabetic mice with proteinuria and podocytes that were cultured in high glucose. Transfection with miR-195 reduced the protein levels of BCL2 and contributed to podocyte apoptosis via an increase in caspase-3. miR-195-treated podocytes underwent actin rearrangement and failed to synthesize sufficient levels of WT-1 and synaptopodin proteins, which suggests that the cells had suffered injuries similar to those observed in diabetic nephropathy in both humans and animal models. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our findings demonstrate that miR-195 promotes apoptosis of podocytes under high-glucose conditions via enhanced caspase cascades for BCL2 insufficiency. This work thus presents a meaningful approach for deciphering mechanisms, by which miRNAs participate in diabetic renal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Qiang Chen
- Department of Nephrology and Rheumatology, Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China
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40
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Corcoran C, Friel AM, Duffy MJ, Crown J, O'Driscoll L. Intracellular and extracellular microRNAs in breast cancer. Clin Chem 2010; 57:18-32. [PMID: 21059829 DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2010.150730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Successful treatment of breast cancer is enhanced by early detection and, if possible, subsequent patient-tailored therapy. Toward this goal, it is essential to identify and understand the most relevant panels of biomarkers, some of which may also have relevance as therapeutic targets. METHODS We critically reviewed published literature on microRNAs (miRNAs) as relevant to breast cancer. SUMMARY Since the initial recognition of the association of miRNAs with breast cancer in 2005, studies involving cell lines, in vivo models, and clinical specimens have implicated several functions for miRNAs, including suppressing oncogenesis and tumors, promoting or inhibiting metastasis, and increasing sensitivity or resistance to chemotherapy and targeted agents in breast cancer. For example, miR-21 is overexpressed in both male and female breast tumors compared with normal breast tissue and has been associated with advanced stage, lymph node positivity, and reduced survival time. miR-21 knock-down in cell-line models has been associated with increased sensitivity to topotecan and taxol in vitro and the limitation of lung metastasis in vivo. Furthermore, the discovery of extracellular miRNAs (including miR-21), existing either freely or in exosomes in the systemic circulation, has led to the possibility that such molecules may serve as biomarkers for ongoing patient monitoring. Although additional investigations are necessary to fully exploit the use of miRNAs in breast cancer, there is increasing evidence that miRNAs have potential not only to facilitate the determination of diagnosis and prognosis and the prediction of response to treatment, but also to act as therapeutic targets and replacement therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Corcoran
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland (MTCI), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
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Friel AM, Corcoran C, Crown J, O'Driscoll L. Relevance of circulating tumor cells, extracellular nucleic acids, and exosomes in breast cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2010; 123:613-25. [PMID: 20549336 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-010-0980-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2009] [Accepted: 06/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Early detection of cancer is vital to improved overall survival rates. At present, evidence is accumulating for the clinical value of detecting occult tumor cells in peripheral blood, plasma, and serum specimens from cancer patients. Both molecular and cellular approaches, which differ in sensitivity and specificity, have been used for such means. Circulating tumor cells and extracellular nucleic acids have been detected within blood, plasma, and sera of cancer patients. As the presence of malignant tumors are clinically determined and/or confirmed upon biopsy procurement-which in itself may have detrimental effects in terms of stimulating cancer progression/metastases-minimally invasive methods would be highly advantageous to the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer and the subsequent tailoring of targeted treatments for individuals, if reliable panels of biomarkers suitable for such an approach exist. Herein, we review the current advances made in the detection of such circulating tumor cells and nucleic acids, with particular emphasis on extracellular nucleic acids, specifically extracellular mRNAs and discuss their clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Friel
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences & Molecular Therapeutics for Cancer Ireland, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
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Git A, Dvinge H, Salmon-Divon M, Osborne M, Kutter C, Hadfield J, Bertone P, Caldas C. Systematic comparison of microarray profiling, real-time PCR, and next-generation sequencing technologies for measuring differential microRNA expression. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2010; 16:991-1006. [PMID: 20360395 PMCID: PMC2856892 DOI: 10.1261/rna.1947110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 504] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
RNA abundance and DNA copy number are routinely measured in high-throughput using microarray and next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, and the attributes of different platforms have been extensively analyzed. Recently, the application of both microarrays and NGS has expanded to include microRNAs (miRNAs), but the relative performance of these methods has not been rigorously characterized. We analyzed three biological samples across six miRNA microarray platforms and compared their hybridization performance. We examined the utility of these platforms, as well as NGS, for the detection of differentially expressed miRNAs. We then validated the results for 89 miRNAs by real-time RT-PCR and challenged the use of this assay as a "gold standard." Finally, we implemented a novel method to evaluate false-positive and false-negative rates for all methods in the absence of a reference method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Git
- Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge CB2 0RE, United Kingdom.
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Grillari J, Grillari-Voglauer R. Novel modulators of senescence, aging, and longevity: Small non-coding RNAs enter the stage. Exp Gerontol 2010; 45:302-11. [PMID: 20080172 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2010.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 01/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the last decade evidence has accumulated that the aging process is driven by limited allocation of energy to somatic maintenance resulting in accumulation of stochastic damage. This damage, affecting molecules, cells, and tissues, is counteracted by genetically programmed repair, the efficiency of which thus importantly determines the life and 'health span' of organisms. Therefore, understanding the regulation of gene expression during cellular and organismal aging as well as upon exposure to various damaging events is important to understand the biology of aging and to positively influence the health span. The recent identification of small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), has added an additional layer of complexity to the regulation of gene expression with the classes of endogenous small inhibitory RNAs (siRNAs), PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs), QDE1-interacting RNAs (qiRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). Some of these ncRNAs have not yet been identified in mammalian cells and are dependent on RNA-dependent RNA polymerases. The first mammalian enzyme with such activity has only now emerged and surprisingly consists of the catalytic subunit of telomerase (hTERT) together with RMPR, an alternative RNA component. The so far most studied small non-coding RNAs, miRNAs, however, are now increasingly found to operate in the complex network of cellular aging. Recent findings show that (i) miRNAs are regulated during cellular senescence in vitro, (ii) they contribute to tissue regeneration by regulation of stem cell function, and (iii) at least one miRNA modulates the life span of the model organism C. elegans. Additionally, (iv) they act as inhibitors of proteins mediating the insulin/IGF1 and target of rapamycin (TOR) signalling, both of which are conserved modulators of organism life span. Here we will give an overview on the current status of these topics. Since little is so far known on the functions of small ncRNAs in the context of aging and longevity, the entry of the RNA world into the field of biogerontology certainly holds additional surprises and promises. Even more so, as miRNAs are implicated in many age-associated pathologies, and as RNAi and miRNA based therapeutics are on their way to clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Grillari
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Applied Life Sciences Vienna, Austria.
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Abstract
Obesity is a serious health problem worldwide associated with an increased risk of life-threatening diseases such as type 2 diabetes, atherosclerosis, and certain types of cancer. Fundamental for the development of novel therapeutics for obesity and its associated metabolic syndromes is an understanding of the regulation of fat cell development. Recent computational and experimental studies have shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play a role in metabolic tissue development, lipid metabolism and glucose homeostasis. In addition, many miRNAs are dysregulated in metabolic tissues from obese animals and humans, which potentially contributes to the pathogenesis of obesity-associated complications. In this review we summarize the current state of understanding of the roles of miRNAs in metabolic tissues under normal development and obese conditions, and discuss the potential use of miRNAs as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huangming Xie
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, 9 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA
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Schaeffer V, Hansen KM, Morris DR, Abrass CK. Reductions in laminin beta2 mRNA translation are responsible for impaired IGFBP-5-mediated mesangial cell migration in the presence of high glucose. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2009; 298:F314-22. [PMID: 19864299 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00483.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-5 (IGFBP-5) mediates mesangial cell migration through activation of cdc42, and laminin421 binding to alpha(6)beta(1)-integrin (Berfield AK, Hansen KM, Abrass CK. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 291: C589-C599, 2006). Because glomerular expression of laminin beta(2) is reduced in diabetic rats (Abrass CK, Spicer D, Berfield AK, St. John PL, Abrahamson DR. Am J Pathol 151: 1131-1140, 1997), we directly examined the effect of hyperglycemia on mesangial cell migration and laminin beta2 expression. Migration mediated by IGFBP-5 is impaired in the presence of 25 mM glucose. This reduction in migration was found to result from a loss in mesangial cell synthesis of laminin421, and IGFBP-5-induced migration could be restored by replacing laminin421. Additional studies showed that there was selective reduction in mRNA translation of laminin beta2 in the presence of high glucose. Preserved synthesis of laminin beta1 indicates that not all proteins are reduced by high glucose and confirms prior data showing that laminin411 cannot substitute for laminin421 in IGFBP-5-mediated migration. Given the importance of mesangial migration in the reparative response to diabetes-associated mesangiolysis, these findings provide new insights into abnormalities associated with diabetic nephropathy and the potential importance of differential control of protein translation in determination of alterations of protein expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Schaeffer
- Primary and Specialty Care Medicine, Department of Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA
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Kato M, Arce L, Natarajan R. MicroRNAs and their role in progressive kidney diseases. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2009; 4:1255-66. [PMID: 19581401 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.00520109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRs) are a family of short non-coding RNAs. These endogenously produced factors have been shown to play important roles in gene regulation. The discovery of miRs has greatly expanded our knowledge of gene regulation at the posttranscriptional level. miRs inhibit target gene expression by blocking protein translation or by inducing mRNA degradation and therefore have the potential to modulate physiologic and pathologic processes. The imperative need to determine their cellular targets and disease relevance has sparked an unprecedented explosion of research in the miR field. Recent findings have revealed critical functions for specific miRs in cellular events such as proliferation, differentiation, development, and immune responses and in the regulation of genes relevant to human diseases. Of particular interest to renal researchers are recent reports that key miRs are highly expressed in the kidney and can act as effectors of TGF-beta actions and high glucose in diabetic kidney disease. Moreover, podocyte-specific deletion of Dicer, a key enzyme involved in miR biogenesis, led to proteinuria and severe renal dysfunction in mice. Hence, studies aimed at determining the in vitro and in vivo functions of miRs in the kidney could determine their value as therapeutic targets for progressive renal glomerular and tubular diseases. Translational approaches could be facilitated by the development of effective inhibitors of specific miRs and methods for optimal delivery of anti-miRs to the kidney. The major goal of this review is to highlight key functions of these miRs and their relationships to human diseases, with special emphasis on diabetic kidney disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuo Kato
- Gonda Diabetes Center, Beckman Research Institute of the City of Hope, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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Abstract
This review is focused on current findings implicating miRNAs in the polycystic liver diseases, which we categorized as cholangiociliopathies. Our recent data suggest that deregulation of miRNA pathways is emerging as a novel mechanism in the development of cholangiociliopathies. Experimental evidence demonstrates that miRNAs (i.e., miR-15a) influence hepatic cyst growth by affecting the expression of the cell cycle regulator, Cdc25A. Given that abnormalities in many cellular processes (i.e., cell cycle regulation, cell proliferation, cAMP and calcium signaling, the EGF-stimulated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway and fluid secretion) contribute to the hepatic cystogenesis, the potential role of miRNAs in regulation of these processes is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Masyuk
- Miles and Shirley Fiterman Center for Digestive Diseases, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The rising incidence of type 2 diabetes is due, in part, to the detrimental effects of certain fatty acids on pancreatic beta-cell function and viability. The present review examines recent advances in the understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which fatty acids influence the life and death of beta cells. RECENT FINDINGS There are important differences in the cytotoxic potential of fatty acids, with long-chain saturated molecules being the most potent. By contrast, monounsaturates and polyunsaturates are relatively well tolerated and, in some cases, are actively cytoprotective. The mechanisms underlying the toxicity of the saturates may reflect a decrease in protein processing, which drives the accumulation of unfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum. This triggers an apoptotic response by virtue of enhanced endoplasmic reticulum stress and induction of CHOP-10 synthesis. Alterations in the regulatory control of other proapoptotic genes via changes in microRNA synthesis may also contribute. The cytoprotection deriving from incubation with long-chain mono-unsaturates is probably receptor mediated and involves antagonistic actions on the effector arm of the endoplasmic reticulum stress pathway. SUMMARY The findings have implications for the development of new therapeutic agents designed to minimize beta-cell dysfunction and the loss of beta-cell viability in type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel G Morgan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, Peninsula Medical School, Plymouth, UK.
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