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Ke CH, Lai PY, Hsu FY, Hsueh PR, Chiou MT, Lin CN. Antimicrobial susceptibility and resistome of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in Taiwan: a next-generation sequencing analysis. Vet Q 2024; 44:1-13. [PMID: 38688482 PMCID: PMC11064736 DOI: 10.1080/01652176.2024.2335947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection causes a high mortality rate in porcine animals. Antimicrobial resistance poses global threats to public health. The current study aimed to determine the antimicrobial susceptibilities and probe the resistome of A. pleuropneumoniae in Taiwan. Herein, 133 isolates were retrospectively collected; upon initial screening, 38 samples were subjected to next-generation sequencing (NGS). Over the period 2017-2022, the lowest frequencies of resistant isolates were found for ceftiofur, cephalexin, cephalothin, and enrofloxacin, while the highest frequencies of resistant isolates were found for oxytetracycline, streptomycin, doxycycline, ampicillin, amoxicillin, kanamycin, and florfenicol. Furthermore, most isolates (71.4%) showed multiple drug resistance. NGS-based resistome analysis revealed aminoglycoside- and tetracycline-related genes at the highest prevalence, followed by genes related to beta-lactam, sulfamethoxazole, florphenicol, and macrolide. A plasmid replicon (repUS47) and insertion sequences (IS10R and ISVAp11) were identified in resistant isolates. Notably, the multiple resistance roles of the insertion sequence IS10R were widely proposed in human medicine; however, this is the first time IS10R has been reported in veterinary medicine. Concordance analysis revealed a high consistency of phenotypic and genotypic susceptibility to florphenicol, tilmicosin, doxycycline, and oxytetracycline. The current study reports the antimicrobial characterization of A. pleuropneumoniae for the first time in Taiwan using NGS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiao-Hsu Ke
- Sustainable Swine Research Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Pan-Yun Lai
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yang Hsu
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Ren Hsueh
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, School of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Tang Chiou
- Sustainable Swine Research Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Nan Lin
- Sustainable Swine Research Center, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Animal Disease Diagnostic Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Tenk M, Tóth G, Márton Z, Sárközi R, Szórádi A, Makrai L, Pálmai N, Szalai T, Albert M, Fodor L. Examination of the Virulence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Serovar 16 in Pigs. Vet Sci 2024; 11:62. [PMID: 38393080 PMCID: PMC10892955 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci11020062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 01/20/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Different virulence variants of A. pleuropneumoniae are involved in the etiology of porcine pleuropneumonia. The purpose of the present trial was examination of the virulence of the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae A-85/14 strain, the type strain of serovar 16, in an animal challenge experiment. Thirty 12-week-old piglets seronegative for A. pleuropneumoniae were allocated into three trial groups each of 10 animals, and they were infected intranasally with 106, 107, or 108 colony forming units (cfu) of the strain, respectively. Clinical signs were recorded twice a day, and the animals were euthanized 6 days after the infection. Typical clinical signs and postmortem lesions of porcine pleuropneumonia were seen in the animals of each trial group; however, they were generally mild, and no significant differences could be seen between the three groups. Even 106 colony forming units of A. pleuropneumoniae A-85/14 strain could induce clinical signs and lesions. Based on these results, the type strain of serovar 16 of A. pleuropneumoniae must be regarded as a typical pathogenic strain of the species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miklós Tenk
- CEVA-Phylaxia Veterinary Biologicals Co., Ltd., Szállás u. 5, H-1107 Budapest, Hungary; (M.T.); (Z.M.); (A.S.); (N.P.); (T.S.); (M.A.)
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hungária Krt. 23-25, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (G.T.); (R.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Gergely Tóth
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hungária Krt. 23-25, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (G.T.); (R.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Zsuzsanna Márton
- CEVA-Phylaxia Veterinary Biologicals Co., Ltd., Szállás u. 5, H-1107 Budapest, Hungary; (M.T.); (Z.M.); (A.S.); (N.P.); (T.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Rita Sárközi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hungária Krt. 23-25, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (G.T.); (R.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Alejandra Szórádi
- CEVA-Phylaxia Veterinary Biologicals Co., Ltd., Szállás u. 5, H-1107 Budapest, Hungary; (M.T.); (Z.M.); (A.S.); (N.P.); (T.S.); (M.A.)
| | - László Makrai
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hungária Krt. 23-25, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (G.T.); (R.S.); (L.M.)
| | - Nimród Pálmai
- CEVA-Phylaxia Veterinary Biologicals Co., Ltd., Szállás u. 5, H-1107 Budapest, Hungary; (M.T.); (Z.M.); (A.S.); (N.P.); (T.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Tamás Szalai
- CEVA-Phylaxia Veterinary Biologicals Co., Ltd., Szállás u. 5, H-1107 Budapest, Hungary; (M.T.); (Z.M.); (A.S.); (N.P.); (T.S.); (M.A.)
| | - Mihály Albert
- CEVA-Phylaxia Veterinary Biologicals Co., Ltd., Szállás u. 5, H-1107 Budapest, Hungary; (M.T.); (Z.M.); (A.S.); (N.P.); (T.S.); (M.A.)
| | - László Fodor
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hungária Krt. 23-25, H-1143 Budapest, Hungary; (G.T.); (R.S.); (L.M.)
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3
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Ozawa M, Kawano M, Abo H, Issiki Y, Kumakawa M, Kawanishi M, Kojima A, Iwamoto S. Characterization of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from pigs in Japan using whole genome sequencing. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2023; 102:102062. [PMID: 37741218 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2023.102062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
We conducted whole-genome sequencing to investigate the serotypes, the presence of virulence and antimicrobial resistance genes, and the genetic relationships among isolates of Actinobacillus. pleuropneumoniae derived from diseased pigs. Serotype 2 (71.2%) was the most common, but the prevalence of serotypes 6 (13.6%) and 15 (6.8%) increased. Existing vaccines are considered ineffective on the isolates belonging to serotypes 6 and 15. The phylogenetic tree based on core genome single nucleotide polymorphisms showed that the isolates were clustered by serotype. Of the isolates, 62.5% did not have an antimicrobial resistance gene, including a florfenicol resistance gene, but 32.2% had a tetracycline resistance gene. The antimicrobial resistant phenotype and genotype were almost identical. The plasmid-derived contigs harbored resistance genes of aminoglycosides, tetracyclines, β-lactams, phenicols, or sulfonamides. It has been suggested that isolates with different genetic properties from vaccine strains are circulating; however, antimicrobial resistance may not be widespread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manao Ozawa
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan.
| | - Motoshi Kawano
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Abo
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Yukari Issiki
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Mio Kumakawa
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Michiko Kawanishi
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Akemi Kojima
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
| | - Shoko Iwamoto
- National Veterinary Assay Laboratory, Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, 1-15-1, Tokura, Kokubunji, Tokyo 185-8511, Japan
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Liu F, Yao Q, Huang J, Wan J, Xie T, Gao X, Sun D, Zhang F, Bei W, Lei L. The two-component system CpxA/CpxR is critical for full virulence in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:1029426. [PMID: 36312949 PMCID: PMC9615922 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.1029426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, a major bacterial porcine respiratory tract pathogen causing pig pleuropneumonia, has resulted in high economic losses worldwide. The mutation of the two-component system CpxAR strongly impacted the virulence of A. pleuropneumoniae, but the underlying regulatory mechanism remained unclear. Here, we found that CpxAR positively regulated the cpxDCBA gene cluster involved in polysaccharide capsule export. A capsular layer was confirmed in wild-type cells by transmission electron microscopy, whereas cpxAR and cpxD mutants were non-capsulated. The mutants for polysaccharide capsule export gene cpxD exhibited non-capsulated and were strongly impaired in virulence for mice, indicating a major role of CPS export system in virulence. We then demonstrated that CpxR directly regulated the transcription of the CPS export gene cluster cpxDCBA. Taken together, our data suggested that CpxAR is a key modulator of capsule export that facilitates A. pleuropneumoniae survival in the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liu
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Qing Yao
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Huang
- School of Foreign Languages, Zhejiang Gongshang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiajia Wan
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Tingting Xie
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Xuejun Gao
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Diangang Sun
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Fuxian Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China
| | - Weicheng Bei
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, China,*Correspondence: Weicheng Bei,
| | - Liancheng Lei
- College of Animal Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei, China,College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, China,Liancheng Lei,
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Zhang L, Luo W, Xiong R, Li H, Yao Z, Zhuo W, Zou G, Huang Q, Zhou R. A Combinatorial Vaccine Containing Inactivated Bacterin and Subunits Provides Protection Against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Infection in Mice and Pigs. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:902497. [PMID: 35747235 PMCID: PMC9212066 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.902497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is the etiological agent of porcine contagious pleuropneumonia (PCP) that causes great economic losses in the swine industry. Currently, vaccination is still a commonly used strategy for the prevention of the disease. Commercially available vaccines of this disease, including inactivated bacterins and subunit vaccines, have clinical limitations such as side effects and low cross-protection. In this study, a combinatorial vaccine (Bac-sub) was developed, which contained inactivated bacterial cells of a serovar 1 strain and three recombinant protoxins (rApxIA, rApxIIA, and rApxIIIA). Its side effects, immune protection, and cross-protection were evaluated and compared with a commercial subunit vaccine and a commercial trivalent bacterin in a mouse infection model. The results revealed that the Bac-sub vaccine showed no obvious side effects, and induced higher levels of Apx toxin-specific IgG, IgG1, and IgG2a than the commercial vaccines after booster. After a challenge with virulent strains of serovars 1, 5, and 7, the Bac-sub vaccine provided greater protection (91.76%, 100%, and 100%, respectively) than commercial vaccines. Much lower lung bacterial loads (LBLs) and milder lung lesions were observed in the Bac-sub-vaccinated mice than in those vaccinated with the other two vaccines. The protective efficacy of the Bac-sub vaccine was further evaluated in pigs, which showed that vaccinated pigs displayed significantly milder clinical symptoms and lung lesions than the unvaccinated pigs after the challenge. Taken together, Bac-sub is a safe and effective vaccine that could provide high protection against A. pleuropneumoniae infection in both mice and pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wentao Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ruyue Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haotian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhiming Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenxiao Zhuo
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Geng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology (China), Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Qi Huang
| | - Rui Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- The Cooperative Innovation Center of Sustainable Pig Production, Wuhan, China
- International Research Center for Animal Diseases, Ministry of Science and Technology (China), Wuhan, China
- The HZAU-HVSEN Institute, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Rui Zhou
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Sarkar R, Roychoudhury P, Kumar S, Dutta S, Konwar N, Subudhi PK, Dutta TK. Rapid detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae targeting the apxIVA gene for diagnosis of contagious porcine pleuropneumonia in pigs by Polymerase Spiral Reaction. Lett Appl Microbiol 2022; 75:442-449. [PMID: 35616177 DOI: 10.1111/lam.13749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Revised: 05/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the primary etiological agent of contagious porcine pleuropneumonia associated with serious economic impact on pig husbandry worldwide. Diagnosis of the disease by existing techniques including isolation and identification bacteria followed by serotyping, serological techniques, conventional PCR, real-time PCR and LAMP assays are cumbersome, time consuming, costly and not suitable for rapid field application. A novel isothermal polymerase chain reaction (PSR) technique is standardized for all the reagents, incubation time and incubation temperature against A. pleuropneumoniae. Sensitivity of the assay was determined against various dilutions of purified DNA and total bacterial count. Specificity of the assay was determined against 11 closely related bacterial isolates. The relative sensitivity and specificity was compared with bacterial isolation, conventional PCR and real-time PCR assays. The PSR assay for specific detection was standardized at 64o C for 30 minutes incubation in a water bath. The result was visible by the naked eye after centrifugation of the reaction mixture or after incorporation of SYBR Green dye as yellow-green fluorescence. The technique was found to be 100% specific and equally sensitive with real-time PCR and 10 times more sensitive than conventional PCR. The PSR assay could be applicable in detection of the organisms in porcine nasal swabs spiked with A. pleuropneumoniae. This is the first ever report on development of PSR for specific detection of A. pleuropneumoniae and can be applied for early diagnosis at field level.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Sarkar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796 014, India
| | - P Roychoudhury
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796 014, India
| | - S Kumar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796 014, India
| | - S Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796 014, India
| | - N Konwar
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796 014, India
| | - P K Subudhi
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796 014, India
| | - T K Dutta
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Central Agricultural University, Selesih, Aizawl, Mizoram-796 014, India
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Li SC, Huang JF, Hung YT, Wu HH, Wang JP, Lin JH, Chen ZW, Hsuan SL. In silico capsule locus typing for serovar prediction of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35404221 PMCID: PMC9453067 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a causative agent of pleuropneumonia in pigs of all ages. A. pleuropneumoniae is divided into 19 serovars based on capsular polysaccharides (CPSs) and lipopolysaccharides. The serovars of isolates are commonly determined by serological tests and multiplex PCR. This study aimed to develop a genomic approach for in silico A. pleuropneumoniae typing by screening for the presence of the species-specific apxIV gene in whole-genome sequencing (WGS) reads and identifying capsule locus (KL) types in genome assemblies. A database of the A. pleuropneumoniae KL, including CPS synthesis and CPS export genes, was established and optimized for Kaptive. To test the developed genomic approach, WGS reads of 189 A. pleuropneumoniae isolates and those of 66 samples from 14 other bacterial species were analysed. ariba analysis showed that apxIV was detected in all 189 A. pleuropneumoniae samples. These apxIV-positive WGS reads were de novo assembled into genome assemblies and assessed. A total of 105 A. pleuropneumoniae genome assemblies that passed the quality assessment were analysed by Kaptive analysis against the A. pleuropneumoniae KL database. The results showed that 97 assemblies were classified and predicted as 13 serovars, which matched the serovar information obtained from the literature. The six genome assemblies from previously nontypable isolates were typed and predicted as serovars 17 and 18. Notably, one of the two “Actinobacillus porcitonsillarum” samples was apxIV positive, and its genome assembly was typed as KL03 with high identity and predicted as A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 3. Collectively, a genomic approach was established and could accurately determine the KL type of A. pleuropneumoniae isolates using WGS reads. This approach can be used with high-quality genome assemblies for predicting A. pleuropneumoniae serovars and for retrospective analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siou-Cen Li
- Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jing-Fang Huang
- Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Yu-Ting Hung
- Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Hsiu-Hui Wu
- Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jyh-Perng Wang
- Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Jiunn-Horng Lin
- Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Zeng-Weng Chen
- Animal Technology Research Center, Agricultural Technology Research Institute, Miaoli, Taiwan, ROC
| | - Shih-Ling Hsuan
- Graduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan, ROC
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Donà V, Ramette A, Perreten V. Comparative genomics of 26 complete circular genomes of 18 different serotypes of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Microb Genom 2022; 8. [PMID: 35196217 PMCID: PMC8942016 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.000776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium of the family Pasteurellaceae causing pig pleuropneumonia associated with great economic losses worldwide. Nineteen serotypes with distinctive lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and capsular (CPS) compositions have been described so far, yet complete circular genomes are publicly available only for the reference strains of serotypes 1, 4 and 5b, and for field strains of serotypes 1, 3, 7 and 8. We aimed to complete this picture by sequencing the reference strains of 17 different serotypes with the MinION sequencer (Oxford Nanopore Technologies, ONT) and on an Illumina HiSeq (Illumina) platform. We also included two field isolates of serotypes 2 and 3 that were PacBio- and MinION-sequenced, respectively. Genome assemblies were performed following two different strategies, i.e. PacBio- or ONT-only de novo assemblies polished with Illumina reads or a hybrid assembly by directly combining ONT and Illumina reads. Both methods proved successful in obtaining accurate circular genomes with comparable qualities. blast-based genome comparisons and core-genome phylogeny based on core genes, SNP typing and multi-locus sequence typing (cgMLST) of the 26 circular genomes indicated well-conserved genomes across the 18 different serotypes, differing mainly in phage insertions, and CPS, LPS and RTX-toxin clusters, which, consistently, encode serotype-specific antigens. We also identified small antibiotic resistance plasmids, and complete subtype I-F and subtype II-C CRISPR-Cas systems. Of note, highly similar clusters encoding all those serotype-specific traits were also found in other pathogenic and commensal Actinobacillus species. Taken together with the presence of transposable elements surrounding these loci, we speculate a dynamic intra- and interspecies exchange of such virulence-related factors by horizontal gene transfer. In conclusion, our comprehensive genomics analysis provides useful information for diagnostic test and vaccine development, but also for whole-genome-based epidemiological studies, as well as for the surveillance of the evolution of antibiotic resistance and virulence genes in A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Donà
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Alban Ramette
- Institute for Infectious Diseases, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Vincent Perreten
- Institute of Veterinary Bacteriology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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9
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Hennig-Pauka I, Hartmann M, Merkel J, Kreienbrock L. Coinfections and Phenotypic Antimicrobial Resistance in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae Strains Isolated From Diseased Swine in North Western Germany-Temporal Patterns in Samples From Routine Laboratory Practice From 2006 to 2020. Front Vet Sci 2022; 8:802570. [PMID: 35155648 PMCID: PMC8831912 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.802570] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) is one major bacterial porcine respiratory tract pathogen causing disease outbreaks worldwide, although effective commercial vaccines are available. Due to frequent failure of this preventive measure, treatment with antimicrobials is indispensable to prevent animal losses within an outbreak situation. To preserve the effectivity of antimicrobial substances to fight APP should therefore be the primary aim of any interventions. In this study, the temporal development of antimicrobial resistance in APP was analyzed retrospectively in the time period 2006-2020 from a routine diagnostic database. In parallel, frequent coinfections were evaluated to identify most important biotic cofactors as important triggers for disease outbreaks in endemically infected herds. The proportion of APP serotype 2 decreased over time but was isolated most often from diseased swine (57% in 2020). In ~1% of the cases, APP was isolated from body sites outside the respiratory tract as brain and joints. The lowest frequencies of resistant isolates were found for cephalothin and ceftiofur (0.18%), florfenicol (0.24%), tilmicosin (2.4%), tiamulin (2.4%), enrofloxacin (2.7%), and spectinomycin (3.6%), while the highest frequencies of resistant isolates were found for gentamicin (30.9%), penicillin (51.5%), and tetracycline (78.2%). For enrofloxacin, tiamulin, tilmicosin, and tetracycline, significantly lower frequencies of resistant isolates were found in the time period 2015-2020 compared to 2006-2014, while gentamicin-resistant isolates increased. In summary, there is only a low risk of treatment failure due to resistant isolates. In maximum, up to six coinfecting pathogens were identified in pigs positive for APP. Most often pigs were coinfected with Porcine Circovirus 2 (56%), Streptococcus suis (24.8%), or the Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (23.3%). Potential synergistic effects between these pathogens published from experimental findings can be hypothesized by these field data as well. To prevent APP disease outbreaks in endemically infected herds more efficiently in the future, next to environmental trigger factors, preventive measures must also address the coinfecting agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Bakum, Germany
| | - Maria Hartmann
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jörg Merkel
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lothar Kreienbrock
- Department of Biometry, Epidemiology and Information Processing, WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training for Health at the Human-Animal-Environment Interface, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
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10
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Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae causes porcine pleuropneumonia, an important disease in the pig industry. Accurate and sensitive diagnostics such as DNA-based diagnostics are essential for preventing or responding to an outbreak. The specificity of DNA-based diagnostics depends on species-specific markers. Previously, an insertion element was found within an A. pleuropneumoniae-specific gene commonly used for A. pleuropneumoniae detection, prompting the need for additional species-specific markers. Herein, 12 marker candidates highly conserved (99 - 100% identity) among 34 A. pleuropneumoniae genomes (covering 13 serovars) were identified to be A. pleuropneumoniae-specific in silico, as these sequences are distinct from 30 genomes of 13 other Actinobacillus and problematic [Actinobacillus] species and more than 1700 genomes of other bacteria in the Pasteurellaceae family. Five marker candidates are within the apxIVA gene, a known A. pleuropneumoniae-specific gene, validating our in silico marker discovery method. Seven other A. pleuropneumoniae-specific marker candidates within the eamA, nusG, sppA, xerD, ybbN, ycfL, and ychJ genes were validated by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to be specific to 129 isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae (covering all 19 serovars), but not to four closely related Actinobacillus species, four [Actinobacillus] species, or seven other bacterial species. This is the first study to identify A. pleuropneumoniae-specific markers through genome mining. Seven novel A. pleuropneumoniae-specific DNA markers were identified by a combination of in silico and molecular methods and can serve as additional or alternative targets for A. pleuropneumoniae diagnostics, potentially leading to better control of the disease. IMPORTANCE Species-specific markers are crucial for infectious disease diagnostics. Mutations within a marker sequence can lead to false-negative results, inappropriate treatment, and economic loss. The availability of several species-specific markers is therefore desirable. In this study, 12 DNA markers specific to A. pleuropneumoniae, a pig pathogen, were simultaneously identified. Five marker candidates are within a known A. pleuropneumoniae-specific gene. Seven novel markers can be used as additional targets in DNA-based diagnostics, which in turn can expedite disease diagnosis, assist farm management, and lead to better animal health and food security. The marker discovery strategy outlined herein requires less time, effort, and cost, and results in more markers compared with conventional methods. Identification of species-specific markers of other pathogens and corresponding infectious disease diagnostics are possible, conceivably improving health care and the economy.
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11
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Pepovich R, Hristov K, Nikolov B, Genova K, Ivanova E, Kundurzhiev T, Tsachev I, Ciccozzi M, Baymakova M. Seroprevalence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection in pigs from Bulgaria. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2020-0036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia. The purpose of the study was to present a serological report on App prevalence among pigs in industrial farms in Bulgaria. Seventy-two pigs from four industrial farms in four districts of Bulgaria – Eastern Bulgaria (Razgrad and Yambol districts) and Western Bulgaria (Lovech and Sofia districts) were included. Animals were divided in two age groups: weaners and fattening pigs. A commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA, INgezim APP MIX, Eurofins Ingenasa, Madrid, Spain) for the detection of antibodies against App parasuis in porcine serum was used. Microtitrе plate was coated with App antigen of the serovars 1, 2, 9 and 11. Positive results for anti-App antibodies were detected in 32 (44.4%) of all 72 tested sera. The overall seropositivity in weaners and fattening pigs was 22.2% (8/36), and 66.7% (24/36), respectively. The highest App seropositivity in pigs was found in Eastern Bulgaria - 61.1% (22/36; P<0.001) in comparison to App seropositivity in Western Bulgaria – 27.8% (10/36; P=0.137). This study on anti-App prevalence among pigs in Bulgaria gives new insights on App epidemiology in our country.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Pepovich
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - K. Hristov
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - B. Nikolov
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - K. Genova
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Forestry, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - E. Ivanova
- National Diagnostic and Research Veterinary Medical Institute, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - T. Kundurzhiev
- Department of Occupational Medicine, Faculty of Public Health, Medical University, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - I. Tsachev
- Department of Microbiology, Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Trakia University, Stara Zagora, Bulgaria
| | - M. Ciccozzi
- Unit of Medical Statistics and Molecular Epidemio¬logy, Universita Campus Bio-Medico di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - M. Baymakova
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Military Medical Academy, Sofia, Bulgaria
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12
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Vaillancourt K, Frenette M, Gottschalk M, Grenier D. Streptococcus pluranimalium 2N12 Exerts an Antagonistic Effect Against the Swine Pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae by Producing Hydrogen Peroxide. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:787241. [PMID: 34957284 PMCID: PMC8692661 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.787241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the causal agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious and often deadly respiratory disease that causes major economic losses in the swine industry worldwide. The aim of the present study was to investigate the hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-dependent antagonistic activity of Streptococcus pluranimalium 2N12 (pig nasal isolate) against A. pleuropneumoniae. A fluorimetric assay showed that S. pluranimalium produces H2O2 dose- and time-dependently. The production of H2O2 increased in the presence of exogenous lactate, suggesting the involvement of lactate oxidase. All 20 strains of A. pleuropneumoniae tested, belonging to 18 different serovars, were susceptible to H2O2, with minimal inhibitory concentrations and minimal bactericidal concentrations ranging from 0.57 to 2.3 mM. H2O2, as well as a culture supernatant of S. pluranimalium, killed planktonic cells of A. pleuropneumoniae. Treating the culture supernatant with catalase abolished its bactericidal property. H2O2 was also active against a pre-formed biofilm-like structure of A. pleuropneumoniae albeit to a lesser extent. A checkerboard assay was used to show that there were antibacterial synergistic interactions between H2O2 and conventional antibiotics, more particularly ceftiofur. Based on our results and within the limitations of this in vitro study, the production of H2O2 by S. pluranimalium could be regarded as a potential protective mechanism of the upper respiratory tract against H2O2-sensitive pathogens such as A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katy Vaillancourt
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Michel Frenette
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Nature et Technologies, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Nature et Technologies, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada.,Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - Daniel Grenier
- Groupe de Recherche en Écologie Buccale, Faculté de Médecine Dentaire, Université Laval, Quebec City, QC, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Infectiologie Porcine et Avicole, Fonds de Recherche du Québec-Nature et Technologies, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
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13
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Nahar N, Turni C, Tram G, Blackall PJ, Atack JM. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: The molecular determinants of virulence and pathogenesis. Adv Microb Physiol 2021; 78:179-216. [PMID: 34147185 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2020.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, is responsible for high economic losses in swine herds across the globe. Pleuropneumonia is characterized by severe respiratory distress and high mortality. The knowledge about the interaction between bacterium and host within the porcine respiratory tract has improved significantly in recent years. A. pleuropneumoniae expresses multiple virulence factors, which are required for colonization, immune clearance, and tissue damage. Although vaccines are used to protect swine herds against A. pleuropneumoniae infection, they do not offer complete coverage, and often only protect against the serovar, or serovars, used to prepare the vaccine. This review will summarize the role of individual A. pleuropneumoniae virulence factors that are required during key stages of pathogenesis and disease progression, and highlight progress made toward developing effective and broadly protective vaccines against an organism of great importance to global agriculture and food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nusrat Nahar
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Conny Turni
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia
| | - Greg Tram
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia
| | - Patrick J Blackall
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD, Australia.
| | - John M Atack
- Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast, QLD, Australia.
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14
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Gale C, Velazquez E. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae: a review of an economically important pathogen. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.12968/live.2020.25.6.308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is one of the causative agents of porcine pleuropneumonia, which is an economically important respiratory disease of pig production. Clinical signs vary based on the severity of disease and lung lesions present, but include fever and severe respiratory signs including coughing and laboured breathing. Numerous serotypes exist which vary in their virulence, and virulence of serotypes has also been shown to be vary between countries. It is important to establish which serotypes are present and active on a farm as well as carrying out seroprofiling to determine the correct time for implementation of control measures such as vaccination. Understanding of transmission routes is vital, including the role of carrier animals on the farm which are persistently infected and can shed the bacteria, therefore infecting other animals. Therefore, as with all infectious diseases, good standards of internal and external biosecurity are important in controlling the disease on farm. Vaccination has been shown to be effective on affected farms in preventing outbreaks, reducing clinical signs if they occur, and most important to the farmer, preventing losses in mortality, feed conversion ratio and growth. Therefore, vaccines are often a good choice for controlling pleuropneumonia on farm and reducing the need for treatment using antimicrobials.
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15
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To H, Teshima K, Kon M, Yasuda S, Akaike Y, Shibuya K, Nagai S, Sasakawa C. Characterization of nontypeable Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates. J Vet Diagn Invest 2020; 32:581-584. [PMID: 32517629 DOI: 10.1177/1040638720931469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Two Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates from clinical cases of porcine pleuropneumonia in Japan were positive in the capsular serovar 15-specific PCR assay, but nontypeable (NT) in the agar gel precipitation (AGP) test. Nucleotide sequence analysis of gene clusters involved in the biosynthesis of capsular polysaccharide (CPS) and lipopolysaccharide O-polysaccharide (O-PS) revealed that both clusters contained transposable element ISApl1 of A. pleuropneumoniae belonging to the IS30 family. Immunoblot analysis revealed that these 2 isolates could not produce O-PS. We conclude that the ISApl1 of A. pleuropneumoniae can interfere in the biosynthesis of both CPS and O-PS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho To
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Ome, Tokyo, Japan (To, Teshima, Kon, Yasuda, Akaike, Shibuya, Nagai, Sasakawa).,Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Sasakawa)
| | - Kaho Teshima
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Ome, Tokyo, Japan (To, Teshima, Kon, Yasuda, Akaike, Shibuya, Nagai, Sasakawa).,Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Sasakawa)
| | - Michiha Kon
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Ome, Tokyo, Japan (To, Teshima, Kon, Yasuda, Akaike, Shibuya, Nagai, Sasakawa).,Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Sasakawa)
| | - Saori Yasuda
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Ome, Tokyo, Japan (To, Teshima, Kon, Yasuda, Akaike, Shibuya, Nagai, Sasakawa).,Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Sasakawa)
| | - Yuta Akaike
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Ome, Tokyo, Japan (To, Teshima, Kon, Yasuda, Akaike, Shibuya, Nagai, Sasakawa).,Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Sasakawa)
| | - Kazumoto Shibuya
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Ome, Tokyo, Japan (To, Teshima, Kon, Yasuda, Akaike, Shibuya, Nagai, Sasakawa).,Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Sasakawa)
| | - Shinya Nagai
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Ome, Tokyo, Japan (To, Teshima, Kon, Yasuda, Akaike, Shibuya, Nagai, Sasakawa).,Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Sasakawa)
| | - Chihiro Sasakawa
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Ome, Tokyo, Japan (To, Teshima, Kon, Yasuda, Akaike, Shibuya, Nagai, Sasakawa).,Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan (Sasakawa)
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16
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Budde I, Litschko C, Führing JI, Gerardy-Schahn R, Schubert M, Fiebig T. An enzyme-based protocol for cell-free synthesis of nature-identical capsular oligosaccharides from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 1. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:5771-5784. [PMID: 32152227 PMCID: PMC7186170 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.012961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) is the etiological agent of acute porcine pneumonia and responsible for severe economic losses worldwide. The capsule polymer of App serotype 1 (App1) consists of [4)-GlcNAc-β(1,6)-Gal-α-1-(PO4-] repeating units that are O-acetylated at O-6 of the GlcNAc. It is a major virulence factor and was used in previous studies in the successful generation of an experimental glycoconjugate vaccine. However, the application of glycoconjugate vaccines in the animal health sector is limited, presumably because of the high costs associated with harvesting the polymer from pathogen culture. Consequently, here we exploited the capsule polymerase Cps1B of App1 as an in vitro synthesis tool and an alternative for capsule polymer provision. Cps1B consists of two catalytic domains, as well as a domain rich in tetratricopeptide repeats (TPRs). We compared the elongation mechanism of Cps1B with that of a ΔTPR truncation (Cps1B-ΔTPR). Interestingly, the product profiles displayed by Cps1B suggested processive elongation of the nascent polymer, whereas Cps1B-ΔTPR appeared to work in a more distributive manner. The dispersity of the synthesized products could be reduced by generating single-action transferases and immobilizing them on individual columns, separating the two catalytic activities. Furthermore, we identified the O-acetyltransferase Cps1D of App1 and used it to modify the polymers produced by Cps1B. Two-dimensional NMR analyses of the products revealed O-acetylation levels identical to those of polymer harvested from App1 culture supernatants. In conclusion, we have established a protocol for the pathogen-free in vitro synthesis of tailored, nature-identical App1 capsule polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Insa Budde
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christa Litschko
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana I Führing
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Rita Gerardy-Schahn
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Fraunhofer International Consortium for Anti-Infective Research (iCAIR), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mario Schubert
- Department of Biosciences, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria
| | - Timm Fiebig
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Strasse 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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17
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Immunological and molecular techniques used for determination of serotypes in Pasteurellaceae. J Microbiol Methods 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mim.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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18
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Aper D, Frömbling J, Bağcıoğlu M, Ehling-Schulz M, Hennig-Pauka I. Comparison of metabolic adaptation and biofilm formation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae field isolates from the upper and lower respiratory tract of swine with respiratory disease. Vet Microbiol 2019; 240:108532. [PMID: 31902502 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Most outbreaks of disease due to infection with Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae are caused by pigs already pre-colonised in tonsillar tissue, where the pathogen is protected from exposure to antibiotic substances administered for treatment. As it has been shown recently under experimental conditions, A. pleuropneumoniae displays host tissue-specific metabolic adaptation. In this study, pairs of A. pleuropneumoniae field isolates were recovered from lung as well as from tonsillar and nasal tissue from 20 pigs suffering from acute clinical signs of pleuropneumonia and showing characteristic pathological lung alterations. Metabolic adaptation to the porcine lower and upper respiratory tract of 32 A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 field isolates was examined using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy as a high resolution metabolic fingerprinting method. All strains showed metabolic adaptations to organ tissue reflected by hierarchical cluster analysis of FTIR spectra similar to those previously observed under experimental conditions. Notably, differences in antimicrobial resistance patterns and minimal inhibitory concentrations of isolates from different tissues in the same animal, but not in biofilm production capability in a microtiter plate assay were found. Overall, biofilm formation was observed for 71 % of the isolates, confirming that A. pleuropneumoniae field isolates are generally able to form biofilms, although rather in a serotype-specific than in an organ-specific manner. A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 6 isolates formed significantly more biofilm than the other serotypes. Furthermore, biofilm production was negatively correlated to the lung lesion scores and tonsillar isolates tended to be more susceptible to antimicrobial substances with high bioavailability than lung isolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doris Aper
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-49456 Bakum, Germany
| | - Janna Frömbling
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Murat Bağcıoğlu
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Institute of Microbiology, Department of Pathobiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, A-1210 Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, D-49456 Bakum, Germany.
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19
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Jung M, Won H, Shin MK, Oh MW, Shim S, Yoon I, Yoo HS. Development of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxI, ApxII, and ApxIII-specific ELISA methods for evaluation of vaccine efficiency. J Vet Sci 2019; 20:e2. [PMID: 30944525 PMCID: PMC6441810 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2019.20.e2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Among various vaccines against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, subunit vaccines using recombinant proteins of ApxI, ApxII, and ApxIII as vaccine antigens have shown good efficacy in terms of safety and protection. Therefore, subunit vaccines are being applied worldwide and the development of new subunit vaccines is actively being conducted. To evaluate the efficacy of the subunit vaccines, it is important to measure immune responses to each Apx toxin separately. However, the cross-reactivity of antibodies makes it difficult to measure specific immune reactivity to each toxin. In the present study, specific antigen regions among the toxins were identified and cloned to solve this problem. The antigenicity of each recombinant protein was demonstrated by Western blot. Using the recombinant proteins, we developed enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) methods that can detect specific immune responses to each Apx toxin in laboratory guinea pigs. We suggest that the ELISA method developed in this study can be an important tool in the evaluation of vaccine efficiency and vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myunghwan Jung
- Department of Microbiology, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Hokeun Won
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea.,Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - Min-Kyoung Shin
- Department of Microbiology, Research Institute of Life Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Jinju 52727, Korea
| | - Myung Whan Oh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Soojin Shim
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
| | - Injoong Yoon
- Choong Ang Vaccine Laboratories Co., Ltd., Daejeon 34055, Korea
| | - Han Sang Yoo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Korea
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20
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Teshima K, Hirano H, Ushiyama K, Shibuya K, Nagai S, Sasakawa C, To H. Isolation and characterization of atypical Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 15 lacking the apxIICA genes in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2019; 81:480-485. [PMID: 30713216 PMCID: PMC6451906 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.18-0421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Six atypical Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 15 strains were isolated from pneumonic lesions of naturally infected dead pigs from the same farm in Japan. Genetic
analyses of apx genes revealed that the atypical isolates contained the toxin-associated genes apxIBD, apxIIICA, apxIIIBD, and apxIVA, but
not apxIICA. Coinciding with the result of the atypical gene profile, analyses of toxin protein production revealed that these atypical isolates expressed only ApxIII but
not ApxII. A mouse pathogenicity test showed that the atypical isolate tested seemed to be less virulent than the typical isolates. This is the first report describing the emergence of
atypical A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 15, which does not produce ApxII due to the absence of apxIICA genes, in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Teshima
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Haruna Hirano
- Yamanashi Prefecture Eastern Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1001-1 Karakashiwa, Ishawa, Fuefuki, Yamanashi 406-0034, Japan
| | - Kazutada Ushiyama
- Yamanashi Prefecture Eastern Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1001-1 Karakashiwa, Ishawa, Fuefuki, Yamanashi 406-0034, Japan
| | | | - Shinya Nagai
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Chihiro Sasakawa
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan.,Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, 1-8-1 Inohana, Chiba 260-8637, Japan
| | - Ho To
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
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21
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Abstract
A total of 255 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates were collected from 634 lung samples representing 70 swine herds in Hungary between January 2012 and June 2016. On the basis of the indirect haemagglutination test 77 independent strains were included in the evaluation after the elimination of duplicate or multiple serotypes from the same herd. In the case of 7 herds strains of two different serotypes were identified. Fourteen Hungarian A. pleuropneumoniae isolates from the culture collection of the Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, isolated before 2012, were also included in the evaluation (one each from 12 herds and two each from two herds, where two serotypes occurred). Out of the altogether 91 A. pleuropneumoniae strains 72 strains belonged to biotype I and 19 strains could be allocated to biotype II. In Hungary, the most common serotypes were serotype 2 (39.5%), 13 (15.4%), 8 (8.8%) and 16 (8.8%), but serotypes 9 (5.5%), 11 (3.3%) and 12 (3.3%) were also isolated. Twelve strains (13.2%) were untypable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Sárközi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1581 Budapest, P.O.B. 22, Hungary
| | - László Makrai
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1581 Budapest, P.O.B. 22, Hungary
| | - László Fodor
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, H-1581 Budapest, P.O.B. 22, Hungary
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22
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ICEAplChn1, a novel SXT/R391 integrative conjugative element (ICE), carrying multiple antibiotic resistance genes in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vet Microbiol 2018; 220:18-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2018] [Revised: 05/01/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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23
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Wu HC, Yeh PH, Hsueh KJ, Yang WJ, Chu CY. Recombinant ApxIV protein enhances protective efficacy against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in mice and pigs. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 124:1366-1376. [PMID: 29431246 DOI: 10.1111/jam.13726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Available bacterins, commercial or autogenous, for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae disease control have, thus far, shown debatable protective efficacy and only in homologous challenges. Our study sought to determine whether the addition of reombinant protein ApxIV to the multicomponent vaccine could enhance protection against homologous and heterologous challenge of A. pleuropneumoniae. METHODS AND RESULTS The virulence of ApxI, ApxII, ApxIV and OMP were cloned and expressed using a prokaryotic system; these recombinant proteins were combined with inactivated A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 1 to formulate different multicomponent vaccines. Immune response and protective efficacy of the vaccines were evaluated in mice and pigs. A protection rate of 67% was observed against heterologous challenge in mice vaccinated with the rApxIV formulation. Piglets vaccinated with vaccine containing ApxIV produced significantly higher antibody titre and provided complete protection and reduced gross lesions by 67% when compared with the nonimmunized group after homologous challenge. Additionally, flow cytometry analysis showed significant cellular immune response. CONCLUSIONS The results of our vaccination experiments revealed that a combination of inactivated bacteria and the recombinant antigens rApxI, rApxII, rApxIV and rOMP can provide effective protection against heterologous A. pleuropneumoniae challenge. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY The addition of ApxIV to the multicomponent vaccine could enhance homologous and heterologous protection in mice and pigs, respectively, against challenge by A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-C Wu
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - P-H Yeh
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - K-J Hsueh
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan.,Department of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | - W-J Yang
- Institute of Biotechnology, National University of Kaohsiung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - C-Y Chu
- Graduate Institute of Animal Vaccine Technology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, Taiwan
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Bossé JT, Li Y, Sárközi R, Fodor L, Lacouture S, Gottschalk M, Casas Amoribieta M, Angen Ø, Nedbalcova K, Holden MTG, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW, Wren BW, Rycroft AN, Langford PR. Proposal of serovars 17 and 18 of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae based on serological and genotypic analysis. Vet Microbiol 2018; 217:1-6. [PMID: 29615241 PMCID: PMC5901230 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Identification of two new serovars of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Serological confirmation of specific reactivity with homologous antisera. Characterization of the capsule loci of serovars 17 and 18. Development of PCRs for molecular diagnostics.
The aim of this study was to investigate isolates of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae previously designated serologically either as non-typable (NT) or as ‘K2:07’, which did not produce serovar-specific amplicons in PCR assays. We used whole genome sequencing to identify the capsule (CPS) loci of six previously designated biovar 1 NT and two biovar 1 ‘K2:O7’ isolates of A. pleuropneumoniae from Denmark, as well as a recent biovar 2 NT isolate from Canada. All of the NT isolates have the same six-gene type I CPS locus, sharing common cpsABC genes with serovars 2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 11 and 13. The two ‘K2:O7’ isolates contain a unique three-gene type II CPS locus, having a cpsA gene similar to that of serovars 1, 4, 12, 14 and 15. The previously NT isolates share the same O-antigen genes, found between erpA and rpsU, as serovars 3, 6, 8, and 15. Whereas the ‘K2:O7’ isolates, have the same O-antigen genes as serovar 7, which likely contributed to their previous mis-identification. All of the NT and ‘K2:O7’ isolates have only the genes required for production of ApxII (apxIICA structural genes, and apxIBD export genes). Rabbit polyclonal antisera raised against representative isolates with these new CPS loci demonstrated distinct reactivity compared to the 16 known serovars. The serological and genomic results indicate that the isolates constitute new serovars 17 (previously NT) and 18 (previously ‘K2:O7’). Primers designed for amplification of specific serovar 17 and 18 sequences for molecular diagnostics will facilitate epidemiological tracking of these two new serovars of A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK.
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK
| | - Rita Sárközi
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Fodor
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, University of Veterinary Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sonia Lacouture
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Marcelo Gottschalk
- Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc, Faculté de Médecine Vétérinaire, Université de Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | | | - Øystein Angen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | | | - Duncan J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alexander W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Andrew N Rycroft
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, The Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Campus, UK
| | - Paul R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, St. Mary's Campus, London, UK
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25
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Sassu EL, Bossé JT, Tobias TJ, Gottschalk M, Langford PR, Hennig-Pauka I. Update on Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae-knowledge, gaps and challenges. Transbound Emerg Dis 2017; 65 Suppl 1:72-90. [PMID: 29083117 DOI: 10.1111/tbed.12739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Porcine pleuropneumonia, caused by the bacterial porcine respiratory tract pathogen Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, leads to high economic losses in affected swine herds in most countries of the world. Pigs affected by peracute and acute disease suffer from severe respiratory distress with high lethality. The agent was first described in 1957 and, since then, knowledge about the pathogen itself, and its interactions with the host, has increased continuously. This is, in part, due to the fact that experimental infections can be studied in the natural host. However, the fact that most commercial pigs are colonized by this pathogen has hampered the applicability of knowledge gained under experimental conditions. In addition, several factors are involved in development of disease, and these have often been studied individually. In a DISCONTOOLS initiative, members from science, industry and clinics exchanged their expertise and empirical observations and identified the major gaps in knowledge. This review sums up published results and expert opinions, within the fields of pathogenesis, epidemiology, transmission, immune response to infection, as well as the main means of prevention, detection and control. The gaps that still remain to be filled are highlighted, and present as well as future challenges in the control of this disease are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Sassu
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Vienna, Austria
| | - J T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - T J Tobias
- Department of Farm Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - M Gottschalk
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, Saint-Hyacinthe, QC, Canada
| | - P R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - I Hennig-Pauka
- Field Station for Epidemiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Foundation, Bakum, Germany
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26
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Teshima K, Lee J, To H, Kamada T, Tazumi A, Hirano H, Maruyama M, Ogawa T, Nagai S, Turni C, Tsutsumi N. Application of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of antibodies to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 15 in pig sera. J Vet Med Sci 2017; 79:1968-1972. [PMID: 29070770 PMCID: PMC5745173 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.17-0374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
An indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) using lipopolysaccharide extract as
antigen was evaluated for detection of antibodies to Actinobacillus
pleuropneumoniae serovar 15. The serovar 15 ELISA had a higher sensitivity and
specificity than latex agglutination test for 63 and 80 sera from pigs experimentally
infected and not infected with A. pleuropneumoniae, respectively. When
the serovar 15 ELISA was applied to 454 field sera, high rates of seropositivity were
found in pigs from farms infected with A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 15,
but not in those from farms free of A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 15. The
results suggest that the serovar 15 ELISA may be useful for the serological surveillance
of infection with A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaho Teshima
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1, Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Jina Lee
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1, Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Ho To
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1, Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Takashi Kamada
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1, Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Akihiro Tazumi
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1, Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Haruna Hirano
- Yamanashi Prefecture Eastern Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 1001-1 Karakashiwa, Ishiwa, Fuefuki, Yamanashi 406-0034, Japan
| | - Minoru Maruyama
- Yamanashi Prefecture Livestock Dairy Technology Center, 963-1, Otokuro, Chuou, Yamanashi 409-3812, Japan
| | - Torata Ogawa
- Fukuoka Prefecture Central Livestock Hygiene Service Center, 4-14-5, Hakozakihutou, Higashi, Fukuoka, Fukuoka 812-0051, Japan
| | - Shinya Nagai
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1, Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Conny Turni
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, The University of Queensland, Ecosciences Precinct, Dutton Park, QLD, Australia
| | - Nobuyuki Tsutsumi
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1, Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
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To H, Teshima K, Nagai S, Zielinski GC, Koyama T, Lee J, Bessone FA, Nagano T, Oshima A, Tsutsumi N. Characterization of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae field strains antigenically related to the 3-6-8-15 group from diseased pigs in Japan and Argentina. Rev Argent Microbiol 2017; 50:12-22. [PMID: 28886933 DOI: 10.1016/j.ram.2017.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2017] [Revised: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The objectives of this study were to determine the serovar of a collection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains within the 3-6-8-15 cross-reacting group and to analyze their phenotypic and genetic properties. Based on the serological tests, forty-seven field strains of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolated from lungs with pleuropneumonia lesions in Japan and Argentina were found to be serovars belonging to the 3-6-8-15 cross-reacting group. By using a capsule loci-based PCR, twenty-nine (96.7%) and one (3.3%) from Japan were identified as serovars 15 and 8, respectively, whereas seventeen (100%) from Argentina were identified as serovar 8. The findings suggested that serovars 8 and 15 were prevalent within the 3-6-8-15 cross-reacting group, in Argentina and Japan, respectively. Phenotypic analyses revealed that the protein patterns observed on SDS-PAGE and the lipopolysaccharide antigen detected by immunoblotting of the reference and field strains of serovars 8 and 15 were similar to each other. Genetic (16S rDNA, apxIIA, apxIIIA, cps, cpx genes, apx and omlA patterns) analyses revealed that the apxIIA and apxIIIA genes of the field strains of serovars 8 and 15 were similar to those of the reference strains of serovars 3, 4, 6, 8 and 15. The results obtained in the present study may be useful for the development of more effective vaccines against disease caused by A. pleuropneumoniae by including the homologous antigens to the most prevalent serovars in specific geographical areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho To
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan.
| | - Kaho Teshima
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Shinya Nagai
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Gustavo C Zielinski
- Animal Health Group, Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juarez, INTA, CC n°21 (2580), Marcos Juarez, Province of Cordoba, Argentina.
| | - Tomohiro Koyama
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Jina Lee
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Fernando A Bessone
- Animal Health Group, Estacion Experimental Agropecuaria Marcos Juarez, INTA, CC n°21 (2580), Marcos Juarez, Province of Cordoba, Argentina
| | - Tetsuji Nagano
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Atsushi Oshima
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tsutsumi
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
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28
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To H, Nagai S, Iwata A, Koyama T, Oshima A, Tsutsumi N. Genetic and antigenic characteristics of ApxIIA and ApxIIIA from Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 15. Microbiol Immunol 2017; 60:447-58. [PMID: 27211905 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Apx toxins produced by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae are essential components of new generation vaccines. In this study, apxIIA and apxIIIA genes of serovars 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 15 were cloned and sequenced. Amino acid sequences of ApxIIA proteins of serovars 2, 3, 4, 6, 8 and 15 were almost identical to those of serovars 1, 5, 7, 9 and 11-13. Immunoblot analysis showed that rApxIIA from serovars 2 and 15 reacts strongly with sera from animals infected with various serovars. Sequence analysis revealed that ApxIIIA proteins has two variants, one in strains of serovar 2 and the other in strains of serovars 3, 4, 6, 8 and 15. A mouse cross-protection study showed that mice actively immunized with rApxIIIA/2 or rApxIIIA/15 are protected against challenge with A. pleuropneumoniae strains of serovars 3, 4, 6, 8, 15, and 2 expressing ApxIII/15 and ApxIII/2, respectively. Similarly, mice passively immunized with rabbit anti-rApxIIIA/2 or anti-rApxIIIA/15 sera were found to be protected against challenge with strains of serovars 2 and 15. Our study revealed antigenic and sequence similarities within ApxIIA and ApxIIIA proteins, which may help in the development of effective vaccines against disease caused by A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ho To
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Shinya Nagai
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Akira Iwata
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Koyama
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Atsushi Oshima
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
| | - Nobuyuki Tsutsumi
- Nippon Institute for Biological Science, 9-2221-1 Shinmachi, Ome, Tokyo 198-0024, Japan
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29
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Sassu EL, Frömbling J, Duvigneau JC, Miller I, Müllebner A, Gutiérrez AM, Grunert T, Patzl M, Saalmüller A, von Altrock A, Menzel A, Ganter M, Spergser J, Hewicker-Trautwein M, Verspohl J, Ehling-Schulz M, Hennig-Pauka I. Host-pathogen interplay at primary infection sites in pigs challenged with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. BMC Vet Res 2017; 13:64. [PMID: 28245826 PMCID: PMC5329957 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-017-0979-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae is the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia and causes significant losses in the pig industry worldwide. Early host immune response is crucial for further progression of the disease. A. pleuropneumoniae is either rapidly eliminated by the immune system or switches to a long-term persistent form. To gain insight into the host-pathogen interaction during the early stages of infection, pigs were inoculated intratracheally with A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 2 and humanely euthanized eight hours after infection. Gene expression studies of inflammatory cytokines and the acute phase proteins haptoglobin, serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein were carried out by RT-qPCR from the lung, liver, tonsils and salivary gland. In addition, the concentration of cytokines and acute phase proteins were measured by quantitative immunoassays in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, serum and saliva. In parallel to the analyses of host response, the impact of the host on the bacterial pathogen was assessed on a metabolic level. For the latter, Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR-) spectroscopy was employed. Results Significant cytokine and acute phase protein gene expression was detected in the lung and the salivary gland however this was not observed in the tonsils. In parallel to the analyses of host response, the impact of the host on the bacterial pathogen was assessed on a metabolic level. For the latter investigations, Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR-) spectroscopy was employed. The bacteria isolated from the upper and lower respiratory tract showed distinct IR spectral patterns reflecting the organ-specific acute phase response of the host. Conclusions In summary, this study implies a metabolic adaptation of A. pleuropneumoniae to the porcine upper respiratory tract already during early infection, which might indicate a first step towards the persistence of A. pleuropneumoniae. Not only in lung, but also in the salivary gland an increased inflammatory gene expression was detectable during the acute stage of infection. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12917-017-0979-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena L Sassu
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Janna Frömbling
- Department of Pathobiology, Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - J Catharina Duvigneau
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ingrid Miller
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Müllebner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Medical Biochemistry, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ana M Gutiérrez
- Department of Animal Medicine and Surgery, University of Murcia, Murcia, Spain
| | - Tom Grunert
- Department of Pathobiology, Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martina Patzl
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Armin Saalmüller
- Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Immunology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexandra von Altrock
- Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Services, Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Menzel
- Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Services, Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Ganter
- Forensic Medicine and Ambulatory Services, Clinic for Swine and Small Ruminants, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Joachim Spergser
- Department of Pathobiology, Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Jutta Verspohl
- Institute for Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Monika Ehling-Schulz
- Department of Pathobiology, Functional Microbiology, Institute of Microbiology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- University Clinic for Swine, Department of Farm Animals and Veterinary Public Health, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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30
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Ito H, Ogawa T, Fukamizu D, Morinaga Y, Kusumoto M. Nucleotide sequence analysis of a DNA region involved in capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis reveals the molecular basis of the nontypeability of two Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates. J Vet Diagn Invest 2016; 28:632-637. [PMID: 27694188 DOI: 10.1177/1040638716656026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of our study was to reveal the molecular basis of the serologic nontypeability of 2 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae field isolates. Nine field strains of A. pleuropneumoniae, the causative agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, were isolated from pigs raised on the same farm and sent to our diagnostic laboratory for serotyping. Seven of the 9 strains were identified as serovar 15 strains by immunodiffusion tests. However, 2 strains, designated FH24-2 and FH24-5, could not be serotyped with antiserum prepared against serovars 1-15. Strain FH24-5 showed positive results in 2 serovar 15-specific PCR tests, whereas strain FH24-2 was only positive in 1 of the 2 PCR tests. The nucleotide sequence analysis of gene clusters involved in capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis of the 2 nontypeable strains revealed that both had been rendered nontypeable by the action of ISApl1, a transposable element of A. pleuropneumoniae belonging to the IS30 family. The results showed that ISApl1 of A. pleuropneumoniae can interfere with both the serologic and molecular typing methods, and that nucleotide sequence analysis across the capsular gene clusters is the best means of determining the cause of serologic nontypeability in A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Ito
- The National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Ito, Kusumoto)Fukuoka Chuo Livestock Hygiene Center, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (Ogawa, Fukamizu, Morinaga)
| | - Torata Ogawa
- The National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Ito, Kusumoto)Fukuoka Chuo Livestock Hygiene Center, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (Ogawa, Fukamizu, Morinaga)
| | - Dai Fukamizu
- The National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Ito, Kusumoto)Fukuoka Chuo Livestock Hygiene Center, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (Ogawa, Fukamizu, Morinaga)
| | - Yuiko Morinaga
- The National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Ito, Kusumoto)Fukuoka Chuo Livestock Hygiene Center, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (Ogawa, Fukamizu, Morinaga)
| | - Masahiro Kusumoto
- The National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan (Ito, Kusumoto)Fukuoka Chuo Livestock Hygiene Center, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka, Japan (Ogawa, Fukamizu, Morinaga)
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31
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Li Y, Bossé JT, Williamson SM, Maskell DJ, Tucker AW, Wren BW, Rycroft AN, Langford PR. Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovar 8 predominates in England and Wales. Vet Rec 2016; 179:276. [PMID: 27531715 PMCID: PMC5036230 DOI: 10.1136/vr.103820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - J T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - S M Williamson
- APHA-Bury St Edmunds, Rougham Hill, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk IP33 2RX, UK
| | - D J Maskell
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - A W Tucker
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Cambridge, Madingley Road, Cambridge CB3 0ES, UK
| | - B W Wren
- Faculty of Infectious & Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - A N Rycroft
- Department of Pathology and Pathogen Biology, Royal Veterinary College, Hawkshead Lane, North Mymms, Hertfordshire AL9 7TA, UK
| | - P R Langford
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK
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Production and immunogenicity of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae ApxIIA protein in transgenic rice callus. Protein Expr Purif 2016; 132:116-123. [PMID: 27215671 DOI: 10.1016/j.pep.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is a major etiological agent that is responsible for swine pleuropneumonia, a highly contagious respiratory infection that causes severe economic losses in the swine production industry. ApxIIA is one of the virulence factors in A. pleuropneumoniae and has been considered as a candidate for developing a vaccine against the bacterial infection. A gene encoding an ApxIIA fragment (amino acids 439-801) was modified based on a plant-optimized codon and constructed into a plant expression vector under the control of a promoter and the 3' UTR of the rice amylase 3D gene. The plant expression vector was introduced into rice embryogenic callus (Oryza sativa L. cv. Dongjin) via particle bombardment-mediated transformation. The integration and transcription of the ApxIIA439-801 gene were confirmed by using genomic DNA PCR amplification and Northern blot analysis, respectively. The synthesis of ApxIIA439-801 antigen protein in transgenic rice callus was confirmed by western blot analysis. The concentration of antigen protein in lyophilized samples of transgenic rice callus was 250 μg/g. Immunizing mice with protein extracts from transgenic plants intranasally elicited secretory IgA. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using a transgenic plant to elicit immune responses against A. pleuropneumoniae.
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Abstract
The introduction into a naïve herd of animals sub-clinically infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) is frequently the cause of clinical pleuropneumonia and the identification of such infected herds is a priority in the control of disease. Different serological tests for App have been developed and a number of these are routinely used. Some are species-specific whereas others identify more specifically the serotype/serogroup involved which requires updated information about important serotypes recovered from diseased pigs in a given area/country. Serotyping methods based on molecular techniques have been developed lately and are ready to be used by most diagnostic laboratories. When non-conclusive serological results are obtained, direct detection of App from tonsils is sometimes attempted. This review addresses different techniques and approaches used to monitor herds sub-clinically infected by this important pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo Gottschalk
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, Swine and Poultry Infectious Disease Center (CRIPA), Groupe de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses du Porc (GREMIP), Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Montreal, St-Hyacinthe, Québec, Canada J2S 2M2.
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Ito H, Sueyoshi M. The genetic organization of the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis region of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 15. J Vet Med Sci 2014; 77:483-6. [PMID: 25502540 PMCID: PMC4427752 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.14-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide sequence determination and analysis of the cps gene involved
in the capsular polysaccharide biosynthesis of Actinobacillus
pleuropneumoniae serotype 15 revealed the presence of three open reading
frames, designated as cps15ABC genes. At the protein level, Cps15A and
Cps15B showed considerably high homology to CpsA (67.0 to 68.7%) and CpsB (31.7 to 36.8%),
respectively, of A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1, 4 and 12, revealing the
common genetic organization of the cps among serotypes 1, 4, 12 and 15.
However, Cps15C showed no homology to any proteins of A. pleuropneumoniae
serotypes, indicating that cps15C may be specific to serotype 15. This
study will provide the basic molecular knowledge necessary for the development of
diagnostics and a vaccine for A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 15.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Ito
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
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Pereira MF, Rossi CC, Vieira de Queiroz M, Martins GF, Isaac C, Bossé JT, Li Y, Wren BW, Terra VS, Cuccui J, Langford PR, Bazzolli DMS. Galleria mellonella is an effective model to study Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae infection. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2014; 161:387-400. [PMID: 25414045 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.083923-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is responsible for swine pleuropneumonia, a respiratory disease that causes significant global economic loss. Its virulence depends on many factors, such as capsular polysaccharides, RTX toxins and iron-acquisition systems. Analysis of virulence may require easy-to-use models that approximate mammalian infection and avoid ethical issues. Here, we investigate the potential use of the wax moth Galleria mellonella as an informative model for A. pleuropneumoniae infection. Genotypically distinct A. pleuropneumoniae clinical isolates were able to kill larvae at 37 °C but had different LD50 values, ranging from 10(4) to 10(7) c.f.u. per larva. The most virulent isolate (1022) was able to persist and replicate within the insect, while the least virulent (780) was rapidly cleared. We observed a decrease in haemocyte concentration, aggregation and DNA damage post-infection with isolate 1022. Melanization points around bacterial cells were observed in the fat body and pericardial tissues of infected G. mellonella, indicating vigorous cell and humoral immune responses close to the larval dorsal vessel. As found in pigs, an A. pleuropneumoniae hfq mutant was significantly attenuated for infection in the G. mellonella model. Additionally, the model could be used to assess the effectiveness of several antimicrobial agents against A. pleuropneumoniae in vivo. G. mellonella is a suitable inexpensive alternative infection model that can be used to study the virulence of A. pleuropneumoniae, as well as assess the effectiveness of antimicrobial agents against this pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monalessa Fábia Pereira
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Micro-organismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Ciro César Rossi
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Micro-organismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Marisa Vieira de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Micro-organismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Ferreira Martins
- Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Clement Isaac
- Department of Zoology, Ambrose Alli University, Akpoma, Nigeria.,Laboratório de Biologia Molecular de Insetos, Departamento de Biologia Geral, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Janine T Bossé
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Yanwen Li
- Section of Paediatrics, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Brendan W Wren
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Vanessa Sofia Terra
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Jon Cuccui
- Department of Pathogen Molecular Biology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London WC1E 7HT, UK
| | | | - Denise Mara Soares Bazzolli
- Laboratório de Genética Molecular de Micro-organismos, Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Biotecnologia Aplicada à Agropecuária - BIOAGRO, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
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Oral immunization against porcine pleuropneumonia using the cubic phase of monoolein and purified toxins of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Vaccine 2014; 32:6805-11. [PMID: 25446832 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2014.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Accepted: 09/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of this work was to obtain an orally administered immunogen that would protect against infections by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. The Apx I, II and III toxins were obtained from the supernatants of cultures of serotypes 1 and 3 of A. pleuropneumoniae. The capacity of monoolein gel to trap and protect the Apx toxins, and the effect of their incorporation on the stability of the cubic phase were evaluated. The gel was capable of trapping a 400-μg/ml concentration of the antigen with no effects on its structure. Approximately 60% of the protein molecules were released from the gel within 4h. Four experimental groups were formed, each one with four pigs. All challenges were conducted in a nebulization chamber. Group A: Control (-) not vaccinated and not challenged; Group B: Control (+) not vaccinated but challenged; Group C: vaccinated twice intramuscularly with ToxCom (a commercial toxoid) at an interval of 15 days and then challenged; and Group D: vaccinated orally twice a week for 4 weeks with ToxOral (an oral toxoid) and challenged on day 28 of the experiment with a same dose of 2.0 × 10(4) UFC of A. pleuropneumoniae serotypes 1 and 3. The lesions found in group B covered 27.7-43.1% of the lungs; the pigs in group C had lesions over 12.3-28%; and those in group D over 15.4-32.3%. No lesions were found in the Group A pigs. A. pleuropneumoniae induced macroscopic lesions characteristic of infection by and lesions microscopic detected by histopathology. The etiologic agent was recovered from the infected lungs, tonsils and spleen. The serotypes identified were 1 and 3. An indirect ELISA test identified the antibodies against the Apx toxins in the serum of the animals immunized orally.
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Infection dynamics and acute phase response of an Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae field isolate of moderate virulence in pigs. Vet Microbiol 2014; 173:332-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2014.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2014] [Revised: 07/31/2014] [Accepted: 08/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae possesses an antiviral activity against porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98434. [PMID: 24878741 PMCID: PMC4039538 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Accepted: 05/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Pigs are often colonized by more than one bacterial and/or viral species during respiratory tract infections. This phenomenon is known as the porcine respiratory disease complex (PRDC). Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (App) and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) are pathogens that are frequently involved in PRDC. The main objective of this project was to study the in vitro interactions between these two pathogens and the host cells in the context of mixed infections. To fulfill this objective, PRRSV permissive cell lines such as MARC-145, SJPL, and porcine alveolar macrophages (PAM) were used. A pre-infection with PRRSV was performed at 0.5 multiplicity of infection (MOI) followed by an infection with App at 10 MOI. Bacterial adherence and cell death were compared. Results showed that PRRSV pre-infection did not affect bacterial adherence to the cells. PRRSV and App co-infection produced an additive cytotoxicity effect. Interestingly, a pre-infection of SJPL and PAM cells with App blocked completely PRRSV infection. Incubation of SJPL and PAM cells with an App cell-free culture supernatant is also sufficient to significantly block PRRSV infection. This antiviral activity is not due to LPS but rather by small molecular weight, heat-resistant App metabolites (<1 kDa). The antiviral activity was also observed in SJPL cells infected with swine influenza virus but to a much lower extent compared to PRRSV. More importantly, the PRRSV antiviral activity of App was also seen with PAM, the cells targeted by the virus in vivo during infection in pigs. The antiviral activity might be due, at least in part, to the production of interferon γ. The use of in vitro experimental models to study viral and bacterial co-infections will lead to a better understanding of the interactions between pathogens and their host cells, and could allow the development of novel prophylactic and therapeutic tools.
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Multiplex PCR assay for unequivocal differentiation of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serovars 1 to 3, 5 to 8, 10, and 12. J Clin Microbiol 2014; 52:2380-5. [PMID: 24759717 PMCID: PMC4097740 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.00685-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
An improved multiplex PCR, using redesigned primers targeting the serovar 3 capsule locus, which differentiates serovars 3, 6, and 8 Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae isolates, is described. The new primers eliminate an aberrant serovar 3-indicative amplicon found in some serovar 6 clinical isolates. Furthermore, we have developed a new multiplex PCR for the detection of serovars 1 to 3, 5 to 8, 10, and 12 along with apxIV, thus extending the utility of this diagnostic PCR to cover a broader range of isolates.
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Del Pozo Sacristán R, Michiels A, Martens M, Haesebrouck F, Maes D. Efficacy of vaccination against Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in two Belgian farrow-to-finish pig herds with a history of chronic pleurisy. Vet Rec 2014; 174:302. [PMID: 24552670 DOI: 10.1136/vr.101961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
The efficacy of an Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae subunit vaccine based on ApxIA, ApxIIA, ApxIIIA and OMP-2 (Porcilis App, MSD) was investigated in two farrow-to-finish pig herds (A and B) affected by chronic pleurisy. In total, 1161 pigs were included. At three weeks of age, the pigs were randomly allocated to non-vaccinated control (NV; n=580) and vaccinated (V; n=581) groups. At 6 and 10 weeks of age, pigs were injected with Porcilis-APP (V group) or adjuvant (NV group). At slaughter (26 weeks), pleurisy and pneumonia lesions were assessed. All pigs were weighed individually at 6 and 26 weeks of age, and average daily weight gain (ADG; g/pig/day) was calculated. Mortality and days of additional treatment (DAT) were registered during the whole experiment. Data were analysed using binary logistic regression or analysis of variance for proportions or continuous variables, respectively. The prevalence of pleurisy and pneumonia was (NV-A=19.3, V-A=7.9, (P=0.000); NV-B=17.9, V-B=0.7, (P=0.000)) and (NV-A=42.4, V-A=21.2, (P=0.000); NV-B=46.7, V-B=19.0, (P=0.000)), respectively. The ADG was NV-A=632±157, V-A=647±91, (P=0.162); NV-B=660±115, V-B=670±82, (P=0.232). The mortality during the experiment was NV-A=5.7, V-A=1.8, (P=0.015); NV-B=2.3, V-B=1.0, (P=0.170) per cent. The DAT was: NV-A=15.04±1.41, V-A=14.95±0.67, (P=0.010); NV-B=21.68±2.43, V-B=16.99±0.62, (P=0.000). The present study showed a significant reduction of the prevalence of pleurisy and pneumonia, and antimicrobial use in V pigs from both herds, and in mortality in V pigs from one herd.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Del Pozo Sacristán
- Unit Porcine Health Management, Department of Reproduction, Obstetrics and Herd Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, Merelbeke 9820, Belgium
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41
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Humann-Ziehank E, Menzel A, Roehrig P, Schwert B, Ganter M, Hennig-Pauka I. Acute and subacute response of iron, zinc, copper and selenium in pigs experimentally infected with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. Metallomics 2014; 6:1869-79. [DOI: 10.1039/c4mt00148f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Experimental bacterial lung infection affects trace elements in blood and liver tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther Humann-Ziehank
- Klinik für kleine Klauentiere und Forensische Medizin und Ambulatorische Klinik
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
- D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Anne Menzel
- Klinik für kleine Klauentiere und Forensische Medizin und Ambulatorische Klinik
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
- D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Petra Roehrig
- Klinik für kleine Klauentiere und Forensische Medizin und Ambulatorische Klinik
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
- D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Barbara Schwert
- Klinik für kleine Klauentiere und Forensische Medizin und Ambulatorische Klinik
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
- D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Martin Ganter
- Klinik für kleine Klauentiere und Forensische Medizin und Ambulatorische Klinik
- Stiftung Tierärztliche Hochschule Hannover
- D-30173 Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel Hennig-Pauka
- Universitätsklinik für Schweine
- Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien
- 1210 Wien, Austria
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Ito H, Katsuragi K, Akama S, Yuzawa H. Isolation of atypical genotype Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 6 in Japan. J Vet Med Sci 2013; 76:601-4. [PMID: 24369182 PMCID: PMC4064151 DOI: 10.1292/jvms.13-0245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
We describe here isolation of genetically atypical serotype 6
Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in Japan indistinguishable by the
multiplex PCR that can discriminate between immunologically cross-reactive serotypes 3, 6
and 8. Nucleotide sequence analysis of capsular export and biosynthesis genes revealed
that the atypical isolates have capsular polysaccharide export and synthesis gene
sequences that are distinct from those of the serotype 6 reference strain. The atypical
strains contain a sequence that is identical with both serotype 3- and 6-specific primers,
which causes cross-reactions in multiplex PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroya Ito
- National Institute of Animal Health, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 3-1-5 Kannondai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0856, Japan
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Chang NY, Chen ZW, Chen TH, Liao JW, Lin CC, Chien MS, Lee WC, Lin JH, Hsuan SL. Elucidating the role of ApxI in hemolysis and cellular damage by using a novel apxIA mutant of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 10. J Vet Sci 2013; 15:81-9. [PMID: 23820218 PMCID: PMC3973769 DOI: 10.4142/jvs.2014.15.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Exotoxins produced by Actinobacillus (A.) pleuropneumoniae (Apx) play major roles in the pathogenesis of pleuropneumonia in swine. This study investigated the role of ApxI in hemolysis and cellular damage using a novel apxIA mutant, ApxIA336, which was developed from the parental strain A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 10 that produces only ApxI in vitro. The genotype of ApxIA336 was confirmed by PCR, Southern blotting, and gene sequencing. Exotoxin preparation derived from ApxIA336 was analyzed for its bioactivity towards porcine erythrocytes and alveolar macrophages. Analysis results indicated that ApxIA336 contained a kanamycin- resistant cassette inserted immediately after 1005 bp of the apxIA gene. Phenotype analysis of ApxIA336 revealed no difference in the growth rate as compared to the parental strain. Meanwhile, ApxI production was abolished in the bacterial culture supernatant, i.e. exotoxin preparation. The inability of ApxIA336 to produce ApxI corresponded to the loss of hemolytic and cytotoxic bioactivity in exotoxin preparation, as demonstrated by hemolysis, lactate dehydrogenase release, mitochondrial activity, and apoptosis assays. Additionally, the virulence of ApxIA336 appeared to be attenuated by 15-fold in BALB/c mice. Collectively, ApxI, but not other components in the exotoxin preparation of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 10, was responsible for the hemolytic and cytotoxic effects on porcine erythrocytes and alveolar macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nai-Yun Chang
- Graduate Institutes of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan, R.O.C
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Karwacki MT, Kadouri DE, Bendaoud M, Izano EA, Sampathkumar V, Inzana TJ, Kaplan JB. Antibiofilm activity of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 capsular polysaccharide. PLoS One 2013; 8:e63844. [PMID: 23691104 PMCID: PMC3653790 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0063844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell-free extracts isolated from colony biofilms of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 were found to inhibit biofilm formation by Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, but not by A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 itself, in a 96-well microtiter plate assay. Physical and chemical analyses indicated that the antibiofilm activity in the extract was due to high-molecular-weight polysaccharide. Extracts isolated from a mutant strain deficient in the production of serotype 5 capsular polysaccharide did not exhibit antibiofilm activity. A plasmid harboring the serotype 5 capsule genes restored the antibiofilm activity in the mutant extract. Purified serotype 5 capsular polysaccharide also exhibited antibiofilm activity against S. aureus. A. pleuropneumoniae wild-type extracts did not inhibit S. aureus growth, but did inhibit S. aureus intercellular adhesion and binding of S. aureus cells to stainless steel surfaces. Furthermore, polystyrene surfaces coated with A. pleuropneumoniae wild-type extracts, but not with capsule-mutant extracts, resisted S. aureus biofilm formation. Our findings suggest that the A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 capsule inhibits cell-to-cell and cell-to-surface interactions of other bacteria. A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 5 capsular polysaccharide is one of a growing number of bacterial polysaccharides that exhibit broad-spectrum, nonbiocidal antibiofilm activity. Future studies on these antibiofilm polysaccharides may uncover novel functions for bacterial polysaccharides in nature, and may lead to the development of new classes of antibiofilm agents for industrial and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T. Karwacki
- Department of Oral Biology, New Jersey Dental School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Daniel E. Kadouri
- Department of Oral Biology, New Jersey Dental School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Meriem Bendaoud
- Department of Oral Biology, New Jersey Dental School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Era A. Izano
- Department of Oral Biology, New Jersey Dental School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Vandana Sampathkumar
- Department of Oral Biology, New Jersey Dental School, Newark, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Thomas J. Inzana
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Pathobiology, Virginia-Maryland Regional College of Veterinary Medicine, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey B. Kaplan
- Department of Biology, American University, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Experimental identification of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae strains L20 and JL03 heptosyltransferases, evidence for a new heptosyltransferase signature sequence. PLoS One 2013; 8:e55546. [PMID: 23383222 PMCID: PMC3559599 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0055546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
We experimentally identified the activities of six predicted heptosyltransferases in Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae genome serotype 5b strain L20 and serotype 3 strain JL03. The initial identification was based on a bioinformatic analysis of the amino acid similarity between these putative heptosyltrasferases with others of known function from enteric bacteria and Aeromonas. The putative functions of all the Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae heptosyltrasferases were determined by using surrogate LPS acceptor molecules from well-defined A. hydrophyla AH-3 and A. salmonicida A450 mutants. Our results show that heptosyltransferases APL_0981 and APJL_1001 are responsible for the transfer of the terminal outer core D-glycero-D-manno-heptose (D,D-Hep) residue although they are not currently included in the CAZY glycosyltransferase 9 family. The WahF heptosyltransferase group signature sequence [S(T/S)(GA)XXH] differs from the heptosyltransferases consensus signature sequence [D(TS)(GA)XXH], because of the substitution of D(261) for S(261), being unique.
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46
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Draft genome sequence of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae serotype 7 strain S-8. J Bacteriol 2013; 194:6606-7. [PMID: 23144372 DOI: 10.1128/jb.01650-12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Gram-negative bacterium Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, a respiratory disease that leads to severe economic losses in the swine industry. For years, scientists working with it have lacked a reliable genome sequence for comparison with other Actinobacillus species. Here, we report the draft genome sequence of A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 7 (strain S-8), isolated from swine lung in China in 1992.
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Opriessnig T, Hemann M, Johnson JK, Heinen S, Giménez-Lirola LG, O'Neill KC, Hoang H, Yoon KJ, Gottschalk M, Halbur PG. Evaluation of diagnostic assays for the serological detection of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae on samples of known or unknown exposure. J Vet Diagn Invest 2013; 25:61-71. [PMID: 23293160 DOI: 10.1177/1040638712469607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurate diagnosis of exposure to Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae is important for maintaining negative farms. In the present study, the ability of a dual-plate complement fixation (CF) assay and 3 commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs; quad-plate ELISA-1, single-plate ELISA-2, and single-plate ELISA-3) in detecting serological evidence of A. pleuropneumoniae exposure was compared using serum samples of experimentally infected or vaccinated pigs, or field samples from the United States. Forty-two pigs were divided into groups of 2 pigs and were inoculated with 1 of 15 A. pleuropneumoniae strains representing all known serovars of A. pleuropneumoniae, or with Actinobacillus suis, or were vaccinated with a bacterin containing A. pleuropneumoniae serovar 1, 3, 5, or 7. Serum samples collected at the day of inoculation or vaccination and 7, 14, 21, and 28 days later were used to compare the assays. On samples from experimentally infected pigs, the dual-plate CF assay, quad-plate ELISA-1, single-plate ELISA-2, and single-plate ELISA-3 had sensitivities of 0.46, 0.74, 0.13, and 0.13 and specificities of 0.90, 1.0, 1.0, and 1.0, respectively. Vaccinated pigs were identified only by the dual-plate CF assay and the quad-plate ELISA-1. In addition, 90 serum samples with unknown A. pleuropneumoniae exposure collected under field conditions were tested with all assays. The agreement of the 4 assays on field samples was slight to fair. While several assays are available for demonstration of A. pleuropneumoniae exposure, differences in assay targets complicate test choices. Decisions on which assay or combination of assays to use depend on the specific reasons for running the assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Opriessnig
- Department of Veterinary Diagnostic and Production Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, USA.
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Seo KW, Kim SH, Park J, Son Y, Yoo HS, Lee KY, Jang YS. Nasal immunization with major epitope-containing ApxIIA toxin fragment induces protective immunity against challenge infection with Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in a murine model. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2012.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Genetic variability in swine leukocyte antigen class II and Toll-like receptors affects immune responses to vaccination for bacterial infections in pigs. Comp Immunol Microbiol Infect Dis 2012; 35:523-32. [PMID: 22658914 DOI: 10.1016/j.cimid.2012.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 04/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The genes encoding swine leukocyte antigen (SLA) and Toll-like receptor (TLR) are highly polymorphic in pig populations, and likely have influences on infection and the effects of vaccination. We explored the associations of different genotypes of SLA class II and of the genes TLR1, TLR4, TLR5, and TLR6 with antibody responses after vaccination against Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (ER) and Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae (APP) serotypes 1, 2, and 5 in 191 Duroc pigs maintained under specific pathogen-free conditions. We demonstrated close relationships between SLA class II and ER antibody response and between TLR genes other than TLR4 and APP antibody responses. Pigs with specific haplotypes in SLA class II or TLR5 showed decreased antibody response to ER vaccination or increased responses to APP2 and APP5 vaccination, respectively. It might be possible to breed for responsiveness to vaccination and to implement new vaccine development strategies unaffected by genetic backgrounds of pigs.
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Sadilkova L, Nepereny J, Vrzal V, Sebo P, Osicka R. Type IV fimbrial subunit protein ApfA contributes to protection against porcine pleuropneumonia. Vet Res 2012; 43:2. [PMID: 22240397 PMCID: PMC3276438 DOI: 10.1186/1297-9716-43-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2011] [Accepted: 01/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Porcine pleuropneumonia caused by Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae accounts for serious economic losses in the pig farming industry worldwide. We examined here the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the recombinant type IV fimbrial subunit protein ApfA as a single antigen vaccine against pleuropneumonia, or as a component of a multi-antigen preparation comprising five other recombinant antigens derived from key virulence factors of A. pleuropneumoniae (ApxIA, ApxIIA, ApxIIIA, ApxIVA and TbpB). Immunization of pigs with recombinant ApfA alone induced high levels of specific serum antibodies and provided partial protection against challenge with the heterologous A. pleuropneumoniae serotype 9 strain. This protection was higher than that engendered by vaccination with rApxIVA or rTbpB alone and similar to that observed after immunization with the tri-antigen combination of rApxIA, rApxIIA and rApxIIIA. In addition, rApfA improved the vaccination potential of the penta-antigen mixture of rApxIA, rApxIIA, rApxIIIA, rApxIVA and rTbpB proteins, where the hexa-antigen vaccine containing rApfA conferred a high level of protection on pigs against the disease. Moreover, when rApfA was used for vaccination alone or in combination with other antigens, such immunization reduced the number of pigs colonized with the challenge strain. These results indicate that ApfA could be a valuable component of an efficient subunit vaccine for the prevention of porcine pleuropneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Sadilkova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, v,v,i,, Videnska 1083, CZ-142 20 Prague, Czech Republic.
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