1
|
Kriechbaum R, Kronlachner L, Limbeck A, Kopp J, Spadiut O. Towards a circular economy - Repurposing side streams from the potato processing industry by Chlorella vulgaris. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2024; 366:121796. [PMID: 39008925 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
Common wastewater treatment strategies in the food industry do not include efficient remediation strategies for nitrogen, phosphorous and organic carbon. Incorporating microalgae in water treatment plants is rising in popularity because of their high nutrient and trace element uptake driven by light. In this study, four different side streams from an Austrian potato processing company have been screened for their applicability of microalgal cultivation. The side streams were assessed for Chlorella vulgaris growth and their requirement of any additional pretreatment or media supplementation. One side stream specifically, called blanching water II, a stream generated by boiling the potatoes for ease of peeling, turned out very useful to cultivate Chlorella vulgaris and concomitantly remedy the wastewater. Compared to a state-of-the-art cultivation in BG11, cultivating Chlorella vulgaris in blanching water II led to a 45 % increase in specific growth rate of 1.29 day-1 and a 48% increase in biomass productivity to 294.6 mg/L/day, while all nitrogen and phosphate present in the side stream were metabolized. Overall, the results demonstrate that the water remediation process for blanching water II shows vast potential in regard to water purification and waste to value approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ricarda Kriechbaum
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1a, 1060, Wien, Austria
| | - Laura Kronlachner
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Research Division of Instrumental and Imaging Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Wien, Austria
| | - Andreas Limbeck
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, Research Division of Instrumental and Imaging Analytical Chemistry, Technische Universität Wien, Getreidemarkt 9, 1060, Wien, Austria
| | - Julian Kopp
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1a, 1060, Wien, Austria
| | - Oliver Spadiut
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Division Biochemical Engineering, Technische Universität Wien, Gumpendorferstraße 1a, 1060, Wien, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Malik PK, Trivedi S, Mohapatra A, Kolte AP, Mech A, Victor T, Ahasic E, Bhatta R. Oat Brewery Waste Decreased Methane Production and Alters Rumen Fermentation, Microbiota Composition, and CAZymes Profiles. Microorganisms 2024; 12:1475. [PMID: 39065243 PMCID: PMC11279122 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12071475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2024] [Revised: 06/28/2024] [Accepted: 07/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The transformation of oat brewery waste (OBW) into livestock feed could be a potential replacement for the expensive concentrate and one of the effective approaches for avoiding health hazards due to the accumulation of oat brewery waste in the environment. To explore the potential of OBW as a methane (CH4) mitigating agent, an in vitro study was undertaken to investigate the effect of graded replacement of concentrate with OBW on CH4 production, microbiota, feed fermentation, and CAZymes. A total of five treatments with variable proportions of OBW were formulated. The results indicated a linear decrease in the total gas production and a 38-52% decrease in CH4 production with a 60 and 100% replacement of concentrate with OBW. The inclusion of OBW also affected the abundance of microbes such as Firmicutes, Euryarchaeota, Methanobrevibacter, and protozoa numbers. This study demonstrated that OBW can partially replace the concentrate and effectively mitigate CH4 production; however, the concurrent decrease in fermentation cautioned for the partial replacement of concentrate with OBW at an appropriate level at which the fermentation remains unaffected while decreasing CH4 production. Therefore, waste from oat breweries can contribute to curtailing the accumulation of greenhouse gases (GHGs) in the atmosphere.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Malik
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (S.T.); (A.M.); (A.P.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Shraddha Trivedi
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (S.T.); (A.M.); (A.P.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Archit Mohapatra
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (S.T.); (A.M.); (A.P.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Atul Purshottam Kolte
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (S.T.); (A.M.); (A.P.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Anjumoni Mech
- ICAR-National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Bangalore 560030, India; (S.T.); (A.M.); (A.P.K.); (A.M.)
| | - Tsuma Victor
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria; (T.V.); (E.A.)
| | - Elena Ahasic
- International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna International Centre, P.O. Box 100, A-1400 Vienna, Austria; (T.V.); (E.A.)
| | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tang C, Xie X, Wei G, Pan L, Qi Z. Exploring the Evolutionary Characteristics of Food Security in China and the United States from a Multidimensional Perspective. Foods 2024; 13:2272. [PMID: 39063356 PMCID: PMC11275272 DOI: 10.3390/foods13142272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Against the backdrop of global warming, intensifying regional conflicts, deglobalization, and the spread of diseases, global food security is facing severe challenges. Studying the food security situation in China and the United States in depth can provide practical experience for formulating food security policies for countries around the world and promoting global food security governance. On the basis of a meticulous review of the evolving connotations of food security, this study adopts six dimensions-quantity security, quality security, circulation security, economic security, ecological resource security, and policy security-as breakthrough points to construct a framework consisting of food security evaluation indicator system comprising 29 specific indicators. The CRITIC-MEREC-MARCOS model is applied to evaluate the status of food security in China and the United States from 2000 to 2022, while the obstacle degree model (ODM) model is utilized to identify factors impeding food security between the two countries. The results indicate that the level of food security in China has shown slight fluctuations initially, followed by a steady upward trend. The gap with the United States is continuously narrowing. However, significant differences between China and the United States still exist in terms of economic security, ecological resource security, and policy security. Furthermore, due to the limited productivity of agricultural labor, scarcity of water and soil resources, and low efficiency in the use of fertilizers and pesticides, China's food security is subject to economic and environmental constraints. The restrictions imposed by economic security and ecological resource security on China's food security are showing an increasing trend year by year. For the United States, with the obstruction of grain exports and the increasing frequency of drought disasters, the impact of circulation security and ecological resource security on food security is becoming increasingly prominent. In the future, China and the United States should join hands to address challenges, actively promote international cooperation in food security, and drive sustainable development for humanity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chang Tang
- School of Science, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China; (X.X.)
- Changsha Social Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Xiaoliang Xie
- School of Science, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China; (X.X.)
- Changsha Social Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Guo Wei
- Department of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of North Carolina at Pembroke, Pembroke, NC 28372, USA;
| | - Linglong Pan
- School of Science, Hunan University of Technology and Business, Changsha 410205, China; (X.X.)
- Changsha Social Laboratory of Artificial Intelligence, Changsha 410205, China
| | - Zihan Qi
- School of Statistics and Mathematics, Shandong University of Finance and Economics, Jinan 250014, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Pulikkamath A, A S. A preliminary analysis and estimation of the status of feed and fodder in Kerala. Heliyon 2024; 10:e31200. [PMID: 38803992 PMCID: PMC11128920 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e31200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The livestock sector is experiencing continuous global growth, projected to surge by 60-70 per cent by 2050, with developing countries bearing the brunt of this expansion. This trend strongly suggests that the demand for and supply of feed and fodder in developing nations must increase proportionally to avoid a crisis. However, severe data scarcity hampers efforts to determine what and how much to produce. This situation is mirrored in the Indian state scenario, including Kerala. This paper addresses these challenges by analysing the dynamics of feed and fodder demand and supply in Kerala, utilizing a blend of primary and secondary data. It examines the unique characteristics and likely reasons behind them, contrasting Kerala's situation with that of other developing countries. The findings reveal a deficit in feed and fodder supply in the state, reflecting broader trends in developing countries, albeit with a surplus of green fodder. The study also delves into the determinants of agricultural income for animal-rearing farmers in Kerala, highlighting distinct social dimensions. Considering these insights, the study recommends critical policy interventions to address the feed and fodder deficit, emphasizing the potential for leveraging indigenous approaches to mitigate the shortfall.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf Pulikkamath
- School of Social Sciences & Humanities, VIT-AP University, Amaravati, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Shafeek A
- Department of Economics, Ramakrishna Mission Vivekananda College, University of Madras, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Vrontaki M, Adamaki-Sotiraki C, Rumbos CI, Anastasiadis A, Athanassiou CG. Valorization of local agricultural by-products as nutritional substrates for Tenebrio molitor larvae: A sustainable approach to alternative protein production. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:35760-35768. [PMID: 38744763 PMCID: PMC11136732 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33564-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/30/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In pursuit of sustainable protein sources, the agricultural sector and emerging edible insect industry intersect in the valorization of agricultural by-products. Establishing a mutually beneficial relationship involves utilizing agricultural by-products as feeding substrates for insect farming, potentially enhancing the sustainability of both sectors. In the present study, by-products from beer, rice, oat, maize, sunflower, and lucerne, as well as mill residues and spent mushroom substrate from the regions of Thessaly and Central Macedonia (Greece) were investigated as nutritional sources for the larvae of the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor). Results show that the suitability of the tested by-products for rearing T. molitor larvae varies greatly, with larvae surviving better in some by-products than in others. The highest survival rate and the highest weight of larvae were recorded for larvae reared on rice bran, spent grains, and oat by-products. Similarly, high feed conversion and growth rate were observed when the larvae were fed with rice bran and spent grains. Thus, this research promotes cost-effective and sustainable T. molitor rearing, aligning with circular economy principles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariastela Vrontaki
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str, 38446, Volos, Greece.
| | - Christina Adamaki-Sotiraki
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str, 38446, Volos, Greece
| | - Christos I Rumbos
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str, 38446, Volos, Greece
| | | | - Christos G Athanassiou
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, Department of Agriculture, Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Phytokou Str, 38446, Volos, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Mengistu G, Faji M, Mohammed K, Workiye M, Kebede G, Terefe G, Dejene M, Feyissa F. Forage yield and nutritive value of Desho grass ( Pennisetum glaucifolium Trin.) as affected by cutting heights in the central highlands of Ethiopia. Heliyon 2024; 10:e28757. [PMID: 38586398 PMCID: PMC10998088 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 03/11/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Desho grass (Pennisetum glaucifolium Trin) an important fodder grass. However, information on its production is lacking. This study was carried out to evaluate the forage dry matter yield and nutritive value of Desho grass harvested at different cutting heights (CH), under rain-fed conditions in two different sites in central highlands of Ethiopia for two years. The treatments (T1-T8) were: 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, and 120 cm cutting heights, distributed in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The root splits of the grass were planted in a 3 m × 4 m (12 m2) plot size with 0.5 m × 0.25 m inter and intra-row spacing. In the two locations, over the years, significant differences were observed among cutting heights. The interaction of cutting heights by locations, and location by years were also significant. The interaction among cutting height, location, and year was insignificant. The highest (number of leaves per plant) NLPP was attained as the plant height advance, while the number of tillers per plant (NTPP) showed non-significant differene in different treatments. The dry matter yield (DMY) increased linearly with an increase in CH (ranging from 12.2 to 20.1 t ha-1 at Holetta, and 4.2 to 11.4 t ha-1at Kulumsa). The grass's ash and crude protein (CP) contents decreased as the cutting height increased. An increase in CH increased the fiber content Neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and Acid detergent lignin (ADL), resulting decrease in in-vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD). We recommend that desho grass be managed at 80-90 cm height resulting in optimum dry matter yield and nutritive value for use in smallholder farmers and market-oriented livestock producers of the central highlands of Ethiopia and major growing areas.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Mulisa Faji
- Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box31, Holetta, Ethiopia
| | - Kedir Mohammed
- Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box31, Holetta, Ethiopia
| | - Mezgeb Workiye
- Kulumsa Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box 489, Kulumsa, Ethiopia
| | - Gezahagn Kebede
- Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box31, Holetta, Ethiopia
| | | | - Mesfin Dejene
- Holetta Agricultural Research Center, P.O. Box31, Holetta, Ethiopia
| | - Fekede Feyissa
- Ethiopian Institute of Agricultural Research Institute, P.O. Box 2003, Addis Abeba, Ethiopia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Falcone DB, Maysonnave GS, Silva SS, de Toledo GSP, da Silva LP. Economic analysis of banana peel and sweet potato vines in diets for rabbits. Trop Anim Health Prod 2024; 56:114. [PMID: 38561441 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-024-03966-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the costs of using banana peel (BP) and sweet potato vine (SPV) in rabbit diets. BP and SPV were chosen to replace maize and alfalfa hay, because, in addition to the ingredients having similar nutritional characteristics, they are among the most expensive ingredients in rabbit diets. Data were obtained through a biological assay carried out in the Cuniculture Laboratory of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil. Fifty New Zealand white rabbits, weaned at 35 days of age, were fed during the growth phase (35 to 84 days) with increasing levels of BP and SPV, replacing maize and alfalfa hay (T0, T25, T50, T75 and T100% replacement). A diet containing 100% replacement (T100) had the lowest cost per kilogram, which was R$ 1.18/kg, while the controlled diet was 57% more expensive, costing R$ 2.08/kg. The total operating cost to produce a rabbit with control treatment was R$10.93/head and at T100, it was R$6.51/head. The animal income for a live rabbit was R$ 24.08 and R$ 23.95 in treatments T0 and T100, respectively. Regarding the gain margin per animal (GMA), in TO it was R$ 13.16 while in T100 it was R$ 17.44, therefore the GMA was 32.55% higher when using the T100 diet. In conclusion, it is more economical and feasible to feed rabbits with diets containing 100% BP and SPV, replacing maize and alfalfa hay.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Greicy Sofia Maysonnave
- Department of Animal Reproduction and Evaluation, Universidade Federal Rural Do Rio de Janeiro, Seropédica, Brazil
| | - Stéfane Sauzem Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, Brazil
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Barrett M, Miranda C, Veloso IT, Flint C, Perl CD, Martinez A, Fischer B, Tomberlin JK. Grinding as a slaughter method for farmed black soldier fly ( Hermetia illucens) larvae: Empirical recommendations to achieve instantaneous killing. Anim Welf 2024; 33:e16. [PMID: 38510427 PMCID: PMC10951668 DOI: 10.1017/awf.2024.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/22/2024]
Abstract
At least 200 billion black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens) larvae (BSFL) are reared each year as food and feed, and the insect farming industry is projected to grow rapidly. Despite interest by consumers, producers, and legislators, no empirical evidence exists to guide producers in practicing humane - or instantaneous - slaughter for these novel mini-livestock. BSFL may be slaughtered via freezing, boiling, grinding, or other methods; however standard operating procedures (SOPs) and equipment design may affect the likelihood of instantaneous death using these methods. We tested how larval body size and particle size plate hole diameter affect the likelihood of instantaneous death for black soldier fly larvae that are slaughtered using a standard meat grinder. Larval body size did not affect the likelihood of instantaneous death for larvae that are 106-175 mg in mass. However, particle size plate hole diameter had a significant effect on the likelihood of instantaneous death, with only 54% of larvae experiencing an instant death when using the largest particle size plate (12-mm hole diameter) compared to 84% using the smallest particle size plate (2.55 mm). However, a higher percentage of instantaneous death (up to 99%) could be achieved by reducing the proportion of larvae that become stuck in the machine. We conclude by outlining specific recommendations to support producers in achieving a 99% instantaneous death rate through specific SOPs to be used with similarly designed machines. We also develop a protocol for producers that wish to test their own grinding SOPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Barrett
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Biology, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, USA
| | - Chelsea Miranda
- Department of Biology, Howard Payne University, Brownwood, TX, USA
| | - I Theresse Veloso
- Department of Biology, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, USA
| | - Casey Flint
- Department of Entomology, Texas A & M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Craig D Perl
- Insect Welfare Research Society, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Austin Martinez
- Department of Biology, California State University Dominguez Hills, Carson, CA, USA
| | - Bob Fischer
- Department of Philosophy, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Liu M, Geng S, Wang Q, Mi J, Zhao L, Zhang J, Ji C, Wang H, Ma Q, Huang S. Using low-protein diet in egg production for win-win of productivity and environmental benefits should be prudent: Evidence from pilot test. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 912:169148. [PMID: 38092206 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.169148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
A shortage of feed protein resources restricts poultry productivity. Key strategies to alleviate this problem include improvements to the structure of the gut microbiota by the appropriate intake of high-quality protein, improvements to the comprehensive protein utilization rate, and reducing the consumption of protein raw materials. In addition, damage to the environment caused by nitrogen emissions needs to be reduced. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of dietary protein levels on laying performance, host metabolism, ovarian health, nitrogen emissions, and the gut microbial structure and function of laying hens. In total, 360 hens at the age of 38 weeks were randomly allotted four treatments. Each of the groups consisted of nine replicates, with 10 birds per replicate, used for 12 weeks of study. Dietary protein levels of the four groups were 13.85 %, 14.41 %, 15.63 %, and 16.30 %. Results revealed that, compared with the 13.85 % crude protein (CP) group, the 15.63 % CP group experienced significantly enhanced final body weight, average daily gain, egg production, and egg mass. Compared with the 16.30 % CP group, the other groups' serum concentrations of immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) were significantly reduced. Compared with the 16.30 % CP group, the 13.85 % and 15.63 % groups had increased CP utilization rates but reduced nitrogen emission rate, and daily per egg and per kilogram egg nitrogen emissions rose with increased dietary protein levels. Compared to the 13.85 % and 14.41 % CP groups, the 16.30 % CP group exhibited a significant increase in the expression of genes related to amino acids and carbohydrate metabolic pathways. According to the linear discriminant analysis effect size diagram, the predominant bacteria in the 15.63 % CP group (e.g., Subdoligranulum, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-013) were significantly related to CP utilization. The results of this study emphasize that production performance is significantly reduced when protein levels are too low, whereas too high protein levels lead to gut microbiota imbalance and a reduction in the utilization efficiency of nutrients. Therefore, on the premise of ensuring the health of hens, the structure of the gut microbiota can be improved by appropriately reducing protein levels, which helps to balance the relationships among host health, productivity, resources, and the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Feed Safety and Healthy Livestock, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Innovation Center, Beijing 101206, China
| | - Shunju Geng
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Feed Safety and Healthy Livestock, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Innovation Center, Beijing 101206, China
| | - Qingfeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Feed Safety and Healthy Livestock, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Innovation Center, Beijing 101206, China
| | - Jinqiu Mi
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Feed Safety and Healthy Livestock, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Innovation Center, Beijing 101206, China
| | - Lihong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Feed Safety and Healthy Livestock, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Innovation Center, Beijing 101206, China
| | - Jianyun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Feed Safety and Healthy Livestock, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Innovation Center, Beijing 101206, China
| | - Cheng Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Feed Safety and Healthy Livestock, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Innovation Center, Beijing 101206, China
| | - Hongliang Wang
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences; National Academy of Agriculture Green Development; Key Laboratory of Plant-Soil Interactions, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qiugang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Feed Safety and Healthy Livestock, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Innovation Center, Beijing 101206, China.
| | - Shimeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Feed Safety and Healthy Livestock, Beijing Jingwa Agricultural Innovation Center, Beijing 101206, China.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Zhao Y, Bai Z, Liu L, Fan X, Ma L. Impacts of subsidy for export of pig to domestic market on the spatial distribution of pig production and related nitrogen losses in China. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2024; 907:167990. [PMID: 37898195 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
The uneven distribution of pig production may create pollution hotspots and severe environmental costs at the local level; however, there is little information available about the socioeconomic driving forces behind the spatial distribution of pig production and its potential environmental costs. Here, we collected time series data (1990, 2012 and 2017) of pig production and multiple socioeconomic indicators from 2333 counties in China to remedy this knowledge gap. Our results indicate that, the poverty level, pork self-sufficiency rate, feed availability per head and environmental pollution risk were all played negligible roles in determining the spatial distribution of pig production at the county level in China between 1990 and 2017. The spatial distribution of pig production was more impacted by the so-called subsidy policy for export of pig to domestic market (hereinafter called pig subsidy policy), which aimed to subsidize counties exporting large amounts of pigs to other counties. In 2017, approximately 181 million head of pig was exported to domestic market from subsidized counties, and these counties received a subsidy amount of US$ 450 million. However, the total environmental cost, considering the human health, ecosystem and climate change damages of nitrogen losses of the pigs exported to domestic market, was US$ 4.5 billion, 10 times of the subsidy. If all the subsidies were fully designated to reduce ammonia emissions from the industrial pig production, the total cost could be reduced by US$ 1.6 billion; however, this was not enough to cover all the damage. Overall, the spatial distribution of pig production was strongly impacted by the pig subsidy policy in China. Applying $400 million of pig subsidy to ammonia emissions reduction could reduce external environmental costs by 31 % and deliver $1.3 billion in socioeconomic benefits. The total subsidy needs to be increased and used smartly in the future to reduce nitrogen losses from the production chain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Science, 19 A Yuquan Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Zhaohai Bai
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China.
| | - Ling Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Xiangwen Fan
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China
| | - Lin Ma
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Water Resources, Hebei Key Laboratory of Soil Ecology, Center for Agricultural Resources Research, Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 286 Huaizhong Road, Shijiazhuang 050021, Hebei, China
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Magklaras G, Skoufos I, Bonos E, Tsinas A, Zacharis C, Giavasis I, Petrotos K, Fotou K, Nikolaou K, Vasilopoulou K, Giannenas Ι, Tzora A. Innovative Use of Olive, Winery and Cheese Waste By-Products as Novel Ingredients in Weaned Pigs Nutrition. Vet Sci 2023; 10:397. [PMID: 37368783 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10060397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
New sustainable sources of feeds, which can enhance the health and welfare of farm animals, lower feeding costs, and lead to safer products, are of high priority in modern animal production systems. In the present study, a novel silage created from Greek olive, winery, and feta cheese waste by-products, was evaluated as a feed ingredient at different inclusion rates (0%, 5% or 10%) in 34-day-old weaned pigs. The potential beneficial effects on performance, health and intestinal digesta microflora balance of the pigs were evaluated. Additionally, chemical, microbiological and quality analysis of the meat was carried out. Results showed no detrimental effects (p > 0.05) on the pigs' performance and no significant changes (p > 0.05) in meat pH, color and chemical analysis. Ileum and cecum microflora populations (total anaerobes, Lactobacillaceae) were positively affected (p ≤ 0.05) by the dietary usage of the silage. The microbial populations (Clostridium spp.) of belly meat cuts were positively modified (p ≤ 0.01). The concentration of total phenols in the meat cuts were increased (p ≤ 0.05) and their resistance to oxidation was improved (p ≤ 0.05). In addition, the fatty acid profile of the meat lipids (polyunsaturated and n-3 fatty acids) was positively modified (p ≤ 0.001).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georgios Magklaras
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Ioannis Skoufos
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Eleftherios Bonos
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Anastasios Tsinas
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Christos Zacharis
- Laboratory of Animal Science, Nutrition and Biotechnology, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Ioannis Giavasis
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, School of Agricultural Sciences, Karditsa Campus, University of Thessaly, 43100 Karditsa, Greece
| | - Kostas Petrotos
- Department of Agrotechnology, School of Agricultural Sciences, Geopolis Campus, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece
| | - Konstantina Fotou
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Konstantina Nikolaou
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| | - Konstantina Vasilopoulou
- Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ιlias Giannenas
- Laboratory of Nutrition, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Athina Tzora
- Laboratory of Animal Health, Food Hygiene and Quality, Department of Agriculture, School of Agriculture, University of Ioannina, Kostakioi Artas, 47100 Arta, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Blair KJ, Moran D, Alexander P. Worldviews, values and perspectives towards the future of the livestock sector. AGRICULTURE AND HUMAN VALUES 2023; 41:91-108. [PMID: 38404759 PMCID: PMC10884050 DOI: 10.1007/s10460-023-10469-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
The livestock sector is under increasing pressure to respond to numerous sustainability and health challenges related to the production and consumption of livestock products. However, political and market barriers and conflicting worldviews and values across the environmental, socio-economic and political domains have led to considerable sector inertia, and government inaction. The processes that lead to the formulation of perspectives in this space, and that shape action (or inaction), are currently under-researched. This paper presents results of a mixed methods exploration of the influence of environmental worldviews, values, and demographic factors on perspectives towards the future of the livestock sector. The approach combines survey and interview data derived from a sample of livestock representatives (N = 307). Respondents with higher pro-environmental, ecocentric and relational worldviews and values favour more behaviour-oriented solutions. Those with lower pro-environmental and higher techno-centric worldviews and values favour technological solutions to improve the efficiency of production and to enable continued patterns of meat consumption. Demographic variation and qualitative data emphasise the need to recognise cultural and geographic nuance in narratives. This study improves our understanding of the processes that lead to the formulation of perspectives, enabling the development of more holistic solutions that acknowledge all voices in an increasingly polarised debate. Adopting more pluralistic, relational methodologies will therefore be paramount in developing solutions for sustainable livestock futures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kirsty Joanna Blair
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, EH25 9RG Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dominic Moran
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
| | - Peter Alexander
- Global Academy of Agriculture and Food Security, The Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG UK
- School of Geosciences, University of Edinburgh, Drummond Street, EH25 9RG Edinburgh, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Laclef E, Lurette A, Taillandier P, Hassoun P, Parisot S, Allain C, Portes D, Debus N, González-García E. Alternative hormone-free reproduction management of a dairy sheep flock disrupts the farm's annual feeding system calendar and its associated strategies. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:4092-4107. [PMID: 37059663 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
Hormone-free (HF) reproduction in dairy sheep is a way to meet current societal demands, but it requires being prepared for collateral impacts on related system components. The efficiency of HF practices (e.g., using the male effect for estrus induction and synchronization) is uncertain compared with hormonal treatment (HT). For example, these practices can lead to higher variability in the flock physiological stage patterns throughout the year, which has direct consequences for feeding regimens. The objective of this work was to simulate the impacts of HF reproduction management, including artificial insemination (AI), on the temporal distribution of productive performance and nutritional requirements of a conventional dairy sheep flock. Using the REPROsheep2.0 model, 6 scenarios were compared over one typical production season for the same flock (n = 597 Lacaune ewes) intensively reared in the Roquefort region of France. These scenarios depicted reproduction with HT and AI in mid-May (Early); HT and AI in July (Summer Late); HT and AI in November (Autumn Late); and their HF versions (HF-Early; HF-Summer Late, and HF-Autumn Late, respectively). In all HF scenarios, a reduction in the number of ewes lambing and consequently in the annual milk production of the farm was observed (-1 to -7%). This affected annual performance with a subsequent decrease of total annual nutritional requirements (-2 to -6%). The HF scenarios resulted in a staggering of lambing events with a 7- to 14-d shift in the appearance of milk production peaks and related nutritional requirements compared with the HT scenarios. Transitioning from conventional to HF reproduction management, while preserving AI, would increase farm workload, lengthen milking period operations, and necessitate a readjustment of feeding management strategies with regard to available feed resources. Depending on the production season, the observed delay in the distribution of nutritional requirements could be either an attractive or an unfavorable outcome for farmers. The delay may be concordant, for example, with the recently observed impacts of climate change on seasonal forage availability in Mediterranean regions (less spring herbage production and warmer temperatures) that are affecting farmers' decision-making about the most efficient use of forage and feed resources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- E Laclef
- INRAE, CIRAD, L'Institut Agro Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, UMR SELMET, F-34000 Montpellier, France.
| | - A Lurette
- INRAE, CIRAD, L'Institut Agro Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, UMR SELMET, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - P Taillandier
- INRAE, Toulouse University, UR MIAT, F-31326 Castanet Tolosan, France; IRD, Sorbonne University, UMI UMMISCO, F-93140 Bondy, France; Thuyloi University, WARM Team, 175 Tây Són, Trung Liêt, Đông Đa, 116705 Hà Nôi, Viet Nam
| | - P Hassoun
- INRAE, CIRAD, L'Institut Agro Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, UMR SELMET, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - S Parisot
- INRAE, UE La Fage, F-12250 Saint Jean et Saint Paul, France
| | - C Allain
- INRAE, UE La Fage, F-12250 Saint Jean et Saint Paul, France
| | - D Portes
- INRAE, UE La Fage, F-12250 Saint Jean et Saint Paul, France
| | - N Debus
- INRAE, CIRAD, L'Institut Agro Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, UMR SELMET, F-34000 Montpellier, France
| | - E González-García
- INRAE, CIRAD, L'Institut Agro Montpellier SupAgro, Univ Montpellier, UMR SELMET, F-34000 Montpellier, France.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tian R, Asadollahpour Nanaie H, Wang X, Dalai B, Zhao M, Wang F, Li H, Yang D, Zhang H, Li Y, Wang T, Luan T, Wu J. Genomic adaptation to extreme climate conditions in beef cattle as a consequence of cross-breeding program. BMC Genomics 2023; 24:186. [PMID: 37024818 PMCID: PMC10080750 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09235-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the evolutionary forces related to climate changes that have been shaped genetic variation within species has long been a fundamental pursuit in biology. In this study, we generated whole-genome sequence (WGS) data from 65 cross-bred and 45 Mongolian cattle. Together with 62 whole-genome sequences from world-wide cattle populations, we estimated the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of cattle populations. In addition, we performed comparative population genomics analyses to explore the genetic basis underlying variation in the adaptation to cold climate and immune response in cross-bred cattle located in the cold region of China. To elucidate genomic signatures that underlie adaptation to cold climate, we performed three statistical measurements, fixation index (FST), log2 nucleotide diversity (θπ ratio) and cross population composite likelihood ratio (XP-CLR), and further investigated the results to identify genomic regions under selection for cold adaptation and immune response-related traits. RESULTS By generating WGS data, we investigated the population genetic structure and phylogenetic relationship of studied cattle populations. The results revealed clustering of cattle groups in agreement with their geographic distribution. We detected noticeable genetic diversity between indigenous cattle ecotypes and commercial populations. Analysis of population structure demonstrated evidence of shared genetic ancestry between studied cross-bred population and both Red-Angus and Mongolian breeds. Among all studied cattle populations, the highest and lowest levels of linkage disequilibrium (LD) per Kb were detected in Holstein and Rashoki populations (ranged from ~ 0.54 to 0.73, respectively). Our search for potential genomic regions under selection in cross-bred cattle revealed several candidate genes related with immune response and cold shock protein on multiple chromosomes. We identified some adaptive introgression genes with greater than expected contributions from Mongolian ancestry into Molgolian x Red Angus composites such as TRPM8, NMUR1, PRKAA2, SMTNL2 and OXR1 that are involved in energy metabolism and metabolic homeostasis. In addition, we detected some candidate genes probably associated with immune response-related traits. CONCLUSION The study identified candidate genes involved in responses to cold adaptation and immune response in cross-bred cattle, including new genes or gene pathways putatively involved in these adaptations. The identification of these genes may clarify the molecular basis underlying adaptation to extreme environmental climate and as such they might be used in cattle breeding programs to select more efficient breeds for cold climate regions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rugang Tian
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010031, China.
| | - Hojjat Asadollahpour Nanaie
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010031, China
- Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of Shaanxi Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010031, China
| | - Baolige Dalai
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010031, China
| | - Meng Zhao
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010031, China
| | - Fenf Wang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010031, China
| | - Hui Li
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010031, China
| | - Ding Yang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010031, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010031, China
| | - Yuan Li
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010031, China
| | - Tingyue Wang
- Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural & Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot, 010031, China
| | - Tu Luan
- Faculty of Biosciences, Norwegian University of Life Sciences, As, Norway
| | - Jianghong Wu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia Minzu University, Tongliao, China.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Messina M, Duncan AM, Glenn AJ, Mariotti F. Plant-Based Meat Alternatives Can Help Facilitate and Maintain a Lower Animal to Plant Protein Intake Ratio. Adv Nutr 2023; 14:392-405. [PMID: 36906147 DOI: 10.1016/j.advnut.2023.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The health and environmental advantages of plant-predominant diets will likely lead to increasing numbers of consumers reducing their reliance on animal products. Consequently, health organizations and professionals will need to provide guidance on how best to make this change. In many developed countries, nearly twice as much protein is derived from animal versus plant sources. Potential benefits could result from consuming a higher share of plant protein. Advice to consume equal amounts from each source is more likely to be embraced than advice to eschew all or most animal products. However, much of the plant protein currently consumed comes from refined grains, which is unlikely to provide the benefits associated with plant-predominant diets. In contrast, legumes provide ample amounts of protein as well other components such as fiber, resistant starch, and polyphenolics, which are collectively thougt to exert health benefits. But despite their many accolades and endorsement by the nutrition community, legumes make a negligible contribution to global protein intake, especially in developed countries. Furthermore, evidence suggests the consumption of cooked legumes will not substantially increase over the next several decades. We argue here that plant-based meat alternatives (PBMAs) made from legumes are a viable alternative, or a complement, to consuming legumes in the traditional manner. These products may be accepted by meat eaters because they can emulate the orosensory properties and functionality of the foods they are intended to replace. PBMAs can be both transition foods and maintenance foods in that they can facilitate the transition to a plant-predominant diet and make it easier to maintain. PBMAs also have a distinct advantage of being able to be fortified with shortfall nutrients in plant-predominant diets. Whether existing PBMAs provide similar health benefits as whole legumes, or can be formulated to do so, remains to be established. Adv Nutr 2023;xx:xx-xx.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mark Messina
- Soy Nutrition Institute Global, Washington, DC, USA.
| | - Alison M Duncan
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelp, Guelph, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andrea J Glenn
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Toronto 3D Knowledge Synthesis and Clinical Trials Unit, Clinical Nutrition and Risk Factor Modification Centre, St. Michael's Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Francois Mariotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Palaiseau, France
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Galanakis CM. The "Vertigo" of the Food Sector within the Triangle of Climate Change, the Post-Pandemic World, and the Russian-Ukrainian War. Foods 2023; 12:foods12040721. [PMID: 36832796 PMCID: PMC9956103 DOI: 10.3390/foods12040721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 01/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the last few years, the world has been facing dramatic changes due to a condensed period of multiple crises, including climate change, the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russian-Ukrainian war. Although different, these consecutive crises share common characteristics (e.g., systemic shocks and non-stationary nature) and impacts (e.g., disruption of markets and supply chains), questioning food safety, security, and sustainability. The current article analyses the effects of the noted crises in the food sector before proposing target mitigation measures to address the different challenges. The goal is to transform the food systems to increase their resilience and sustainability. This goal can only be achieved if all relevant actors within the supply chain (e.g., governments, companies, distributors, farmers, etc.) play their role by designing and implementing target interventions and policies. In addition, the transformation of the food sector should be proactive concerning food safety, circular (valorizing several bioresources under the principles of climate neutral economy and blue bioeconomy), digital (based on Industry 4.0 applications), and inclusive (ensuring that all citizens are actively engaged). Food production modernization (e.g., by implementing emerging technologies) and developing shorter and more domestic supply chains are also critical to achieving food resilience and security.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Charis M. Galanakis
- Galanakis Laboratories, Research & Innovation Department, 73131 Chania, Greece;
- Food Waste Recovery Group, ISEKI Food Association, 1190 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Total Phenolic Content and Antioxidant Activity of In Vitro Digested Hemp-Based Products. Foods 2023; 12:foods12030601. [PMID: 36766131 PMCID: PMC9914813 DOI: 10.3390/foods12030601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The growth of the world population has prompted research to investigate new food/feed alternatives. Hemp-based products can be considered excellent candidates. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is an environmentally sustainable plant widespread worldwide. Following the reintroduction of its cultivation, hemp is attracting interest, especially in the food/feed industry. To date, scientific research has mainly focused on its nutritional aspect. Therefore, the aim of the work was also to investigate the functional profile (total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (Ferric- reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2'-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS)) of hemp-based products (hempseeds (HSs), flowers, and HS protein extract), following methanol extraction and in vitro digestion, to study the behaviour of the molecules involved. The results show an interesting nutritional value, even when compared to matrices used in the food/feed industry, such as soy and flaxseeds. The functional profile revealed a very interesting TPC following methanol extraction for HSs, flowers, and HS protein extract, respectively, (550.3 ± 28.27; 2982.8 ± 167.78; and 568.9 ± 34.18 mg Tannic Acid Equivalent (TAE)/100 g). This trend was also confirmed for FRAP (50.9 ± 4.30; 123.6 ± 8.08; and 29.73 ± 1.32 mg Ascorbic Acid Equivalent (AAE)/100 g), recording values similar/higher than soy protein extract and flaxseeds (17.4 ± 1.55; and 10.4 ± 0.44 mg AAE/100 g). The results were also maintained following physiological digestion. These results, although promising, need further investigation, confirming what has been observed with different antioxidant activity assays and identifying individual molecules involved in functional pathways. This information will be necessary to gain a better understanding of the functional characteristics of these matrices for use in food/feed formulations.
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang F, Li Y, Xiong Q, Chai J, Jiang S. β-glucosidase, driven by porcine transthyretin promoter, specific expression in the liver of transgenic mice. Anim Sci J 2023; 94:e13890. [PMID: 38087778 DOI: 10.1111/asj.13890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Under the background of food security, using non-grain feed instead of corn-soybean-based feed is an effective measure to alleviate the food-feed competition. While, non-grain feeds are often rich in fiber, which cannot be digested by non-ruminants. Producing heterologous enzymes in non-ruminants to improve cellulose utilization rate is a new research strategy by transgenic technology. In this study, porcine transthyretin (TTR) promoter, signal peptide-coding sequence (CDS), Saccharomycopsis fibuligera β-glucosidase gene (BGL1)-CDS, 6×His sequences fragments were fused into pGL3-control vector to generate transgenic vector. Then, transgenic mice were generated by pronuclear microinjection of the linearized expression vectors. Transgenic mice and their offspring were examined by PCR-based genotyping and copy number variation. Results showed that BGL1 was successfully integrated into the mouse genome and transmitted stably. Furthermore, reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), Western blotting, and β-glucosidase activity assay demonstrated that BGL1 was specifically expressed in the liver, and β-glucosidase activity significantly increased. In addition, liver weight index, cellular morphology, and collagen fiber content of the liver showed that exogenous gene insertion did not cause any lesions to live. Taken together, our findings suggest that β-glucosidase driven by TTR promoter was specifically expressed in the liver of transgenic mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yujiao Li
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Shandong Provincial Animal Products Quality & Safety Center (Shandong Provincial Livestock & Poultry Slaughtering Technology Center), Jinan, China
| | - Qi Xiong
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering and Molecular Breeding, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Jin Chai
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Siwen Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Swine Genetics and Breeding of the Agricultural Ministry, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction of the Ministry of Education, College of Animal Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Leitanthem VK, Chaudhary P, Maiti S, Mohini M, Mondal G. Impact of Moringa oleifera Leaves on Nutrient Utilization, Enteric Methane Emissions, and Performance of Goat Kids. Animals (Basel) 2022; 13:97. [PMID: 36611706 PMCID: PMC9817938 DOI: 10.3390/ani13010097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/13/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of different innovative feed resources for livestock is important to provide the essential nutrients and diminish the emission of greenhouse gases. The purpose of the present experiment was to study the response of replacing concentrate with Moringa oleifera leaves in terms of the nutrient intake, digestibility, enteric methane emissions, and performance of goat kids with a berseem-fodder-based diet under different roughage (R)-to-concentrate (C) ratios. Twenty-four goat kids (3 months of age) were distributed into four groups of six animals each, using a randomized block design (RBD). Kids of Group I (control) were fed a basal diet with 70R:30C without any tree leaf supplementation. Group II kids were fed with 60R:40C, where 10% of the concentrate mix was replaced with Moringa leaf (ML powder). In Group III, kids were fed with 70R:30C with 20% ML replacement. In Group IV, kids were fed with 80R:20C with 20% ML replacement. A metabolic trial was conducted after 180 days of feeding to assess the impact of ML on blood metabolites, antioxidant status, immunity parameters, and enteric methane emissions. The results revealed that dry matter digestibility, organic matter, and NDF were better (p < 0.05) in ML-treated kids (GII and GIII) compared to GI. Feed conversion and average daily gain were also enhanced (p < 0.05) in the treated groups as compared to controls. Total blood protein and albumin were increased in GII and GIII kids compared to GI. Plasma cholesterol levels were decreased (p < 0.001) in GII, GIII, and GIV as compared to GI. Glutathione peroxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase enzyme activities were also enhanced in GII, GIII, and GIV compared to controls. ML supplementation improved cell-mediated immunity and humoral immunity responses in goat kids. Enteric methane emissions decreased in the treated groups as compared to the controls. Moringa oleifera leaf may be used up to the level of 10−20% in concentrate mixes to improve digestibility, blood biochemical parameters, immunity status, and antioxidant activity in goat kids. Supplementation of ML not only enhanced the digestion and health of goat kids, but also decreased their methane emissions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Parul Chaudhary
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Sanjit Maiti
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Madhu Mohini
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Goutam Mondal
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal 132001, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Effects of the Inclusion of Ground Pouteria sapota Kernel on Intake, Digestibility, and Growth Performance in Lambs. Animals (Basel) 2022; 12:ani12223154. [PMID: 36428382 PMCID: PMC9686787 DOI: 10.3390/ani12223154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the effect of replacing ground corn and soybean meal with ground Pouteria sapota kernel (PSSM) in lamb diets on nutrient intake and digestibility, performance, and carcass traits. Twenty-one male hair sheep lambs with an average body weight of 22 ± 3.5 kg were randomly assigned to three treatment diets containing PSSM at 0, 10, and 20% of the total dry matter (DM) inclusion. The study lasted 60 days, which included 15 days for adaption and 45 days for sample collection. The PSSM inclusion did not affect intake or performance (p > 0.05). However, ether extract (EE) digestibility linearly increased (p < 0.0001), while crude protein (CP) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) linearly decreased. Final body weight, total weight gain, average daily weight gain, feeding efficiency, and carcass traits were not affected by PSSM inclusion. In conclusion, these results suggest that PSSM can replace up to 200 g/kg DM of ground corn and soybean meal without affecting intake or animal performance.
Collapse
|
21
|
SIDDIQUI MBA, PAWAR NB, KHARWADKAR MD, ALI SSAJID, MUNDE VK, WANKAR AK. Effect of probiotic supplementation on growth performance of Osmanabadi kids. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2022. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v92i11.125037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted for 90 days to assess the effect of probiotic supplementation on performance of Osmanabadi kids at Osmanabadi goat unit of Red Kandhari Research and Instructional Farm, College of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, MAFSU, Parbhani, Maharashtra. Eighteen male or female kids of 3-6 months age were selected and randomly divided on equal weight basis into three treatment groups viz. T0 (control) with basal ration, T1 group with basal ration plus probiotics (Aspergillus oryzae and Lactobacillus), T2 group with basal ration plus probiotics (Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus). The averages for weekly body weight (kg) of kids in different treatment groups (T0, T1 and T2) at the end of experiment were 12.69±0.27, 13.78±0.48, 14.94±0.34 kg, respectively. The weekly body weight gain was 0.35±0.01, 0.50±0.01, 0.58±0.01 kg, respectively while the average daily gain was 50.33±1.45, 70.83±0.70, 83.33±1.65 g, respectively, for T0, T1 and T2 groups. At the end of 13th week, FCR for T2 group was significantly lower (6.14±0.01) as compared to T1 (7.14±0.04) and T0 (9.20±0.28) groups. Highly significant differences were observed for weekly body weight, weekly body weight gain, average daily gain, weekly and daily feed intake. It can be concluded that Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Lactobacillus supplemented group (T2) exhibited better performance in terms of growth and FCR as compared to Aspergillus oryzae and Lactobacillus supplemented group (T1) and control (T0).
Collapse
|
22
|
Rashmi KM, Chandrasekharaiah M, Soren NM, Prasad KS, David CG, Thirupathaiah Y, Shivaprasad V. Defatted silkworm pupae meal as an alternative protein source for cattle. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:327. [PMID: 36173472 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03323-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Silkworm pupae meal (SWP) is a protein-rich by-product of the silk reeling industry, available in a significant quantity. However, there has been little and insignificant research into the use of SWP in ruminants to date. In this view, the present study was conducted in two phases to evaluate the effect of different inclusion levels of defatted silkworm pupae meal (DSWP) on rumen fermentation, microbial protein synthesis and nutrient utilisation in cattle fed on finger millet straw (FMS)-based diet. Four isonitrogenous concentrate mixtures (CM) were prepared with DSWP replacing soybean meal (SBM) protein at 0 (T0), 10 (T1), 20 (T2) and 30% (T3). In phase I, a rumen fermentation experiment was conducted in a 4 × 4 Latin square design using four crossbred steers to study the effect of different levels of DSWP on rumen fermentation. No significant difference (P > 0.05) was observed in rumen fermentation parameters such as pH, ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N) and total volatile fatty acids (VFA) among the experimental groups. In phase II, the digestibility trial was conducted in 20 crossbred cattle (311.2 ± 4.81 kg), which were divided into four experimental groups of five animals each in a completely randomised design to study the effect of different rations (T0, T1, T2, T3) on microbial protein synthesis and nutrient utilisation. The intake and digestibility of nutrients, excretion of urinary purine derivatives and microbial protein synthesis were not significantly different among the experimental groups. In addition, feeding DSWP revealed no significant (P > 0.05) change in the blood biochemical parameters of animals. Furthermore, at the same price as SBM, DSWP provides two units more crude protein. Therefore, the results of the present study indicated that DSWP can be incorporated into the ration of cattle up to 30% by replacing SBM without affecting rumen fermentation pattern and nutrient utilisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K M Rashmi
- Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR - National Dairy Research Institute (Deemed University), Karnal, Haryana, 132001, India.
| | - M Chandrasekharaiah
- ICAR - National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India.
| | - N M Soren
- ICAR - National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - K S Prasad
- ICAR - National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - C G David
- ICAR - National Institute of Animal Nutrition and Physiology, Adugodi, Bengaluru, Karnataka, 560030, India
| | - Y Thirupathaiah
- Central Sericultural Research and, Training Institute (CSRTI), Karnataka, Mysuru, 570008, India
| | - V Shivaprasad
- Central Sericultural Research and, Training Institute (CSRTI), Karnataka, Mysuru, 570008, India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Siedenburg J. Could microalgae offer promising options for climate action via their agri-food applications? FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2022.976946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In 2021 the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) issued the first volume of its latest authoritative report on climate change. Underlining the seriousness of the situation, the United Nations Secretary-General branded its findings a “code red for humanity.” The need for climate action is now evident, but finding viable pathways forward can be elusive. Microalgae have been attracting attention as a category of “future food,” with species like Arthrospira platensis (spirulina) and Chlorella vulgaris (chlorella) seeing growing uptake by consumers while research interest continues to expand. One timely but neglected question is whether microalgae might offer options for promising climate actions via their agri-food applications. Specifically, might they offer scope to help secure food supplies, while also providing climate resilient livelihood pathways for vulnerable farmers already grappling with food insecurity and environmental degradation? This paper reports on a review of the academic literature on microalgae as an agri-food technology, notably their uses as a food, feed, biofertilizer, biostimulant, and biochar. This family of applications was found to offer promising climate actions vis-à-vis both mitigating and adapting to climate change. Aspects pertinent to adaptation include growing rapidly under controlled conditions, reusing water, providing potent nutrition for humans and animals, and supporting resilient crop production. Agri-food applications of microalgae also provide opportunities to mitigate climate change that could be explored. The paper concludes by flagging possible risks and obstacles as well as research and policy priorities to elaborate and harness this potential.
Collapse
|
24
|
Kumar R, Joshi R, Kumar R, Srivatsan V, Satyakam, Chawla A, Patial V, Kumar S. Nutritional quality evaluation and proteome profile of forage species of Western Himalaya. GRASSLAND SCIENCE 2022; 68:214-225. [DOI: 10.1111/grs.12357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
AbstractNaturally occurring forage species in the high‐altitude pasturelands of Western Himalaya are traditionally being utilized for feeding of livestock. However, the nutritional quality evaluation and validation of their potential as feed for livestock needs to be undertaken. Here, we evaluated proximate compositions, minerals and amino acids (AAs) of five high‐altitude forage species, namely, Festuca kashmiriana L., Medicago sativa L., Trifolium pratense L., Medicago falcate L. and Melilotus indica L. The results revealed that proximate compositions, mineral and AAs varied significantly among the forage species. The carbohydrate, crude protein, moisture content, crude fat, crude fiber, crude ash, total phenol, oil absorption capacity and water absorption capacity were found in the range of 17.44–37.27 mg/100 mg, 3.34–14.71 mg/100 mg, 88.73%–90.72%, 0.98–2.32 mg/100 mg, 11.16–24.16%, 7.71–34.49%, 292.50–488.12 μg/100 mg, 3.91–4.67 g/g and 2.64–3.41 g/g, respectively. Elemental composition showed that calcium was the predominant element among the minerals (13.91–132.05 mg/kg DM) followed by magnesium (4.60–12.92 mg/kg DM), iron (2.04–76.13 mg/kg DM) and zinc (1.07–2.17 mg/kg DM). Furthermore, we found that these high‐altitude forage species are rich in essential AAs like histidine, tryptophan, valine, leucine, phenylalanine and to some extent isoleucine and tyrosine. In addition, these five species showed distinct proteomes but shared a similar functional group. The proteome profiling of these forage species will help to understand the molecular basis of nutritional enrichment and stress tolerance potential against harsh environmental conditions of high altitudes. Overall, we conclude that traditionally used high‐altitude forage species are nutritionally rich and can be recommended as part of the daily nutritive feed for livestock animals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajiv Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology CSIR‐Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT) Palampur HP India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Robin Joshi
- Department of Biotechnology CSIR‐Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT) Palampur HP India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Raman Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology CSIR‐Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT) Palampur HP India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Vidyashankar Srivatsan
- Department of Biotechnology CSIR‐Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT) Palampur HP India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Satyakam
- Department of Biotechnology CSIR‐Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT) Palampur HP India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Amit Chawla
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
- Department of Environmental Technology CSIR‐Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT) Palampur HP India
| | - Vikram Patial
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Laboratory, Food and Nutraceuticals Division CSIR‐IHBT Palampur HP India
| | - Sanjay Kumar
- Department of Biotechnology CSIR‐Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology (IHBT) Palampur HP India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) Ghaziabad Uttar Pradesh India
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Hamza AA, Abaci Gunyar O. Nutritional value of commercial broiler feed supplemented with olive mill waste fermented with probiotic Rhizopus oryzae strains. J Appl Microbiol 2022; 133:1872-1881. [PMID: 35771120 DOI: 10.1111/jam.15694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 06/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The changes in chemical composition and metabolizable energy of both olive mill waste (OMW) upon fermentation by three potential probiotic Rhizopus oryzae strains and commercial feed (CF) upon its supplementation by fermented olive mill waste (FOMW) were investigated. The objective was to test if there will be an enhancement in the nutritional value of olive mill waste after fermentation and/or commercial broiler feed upon supplementation by potentially probiotic filamentous fungi. METHODS AND RESULTS A three Rhizopus oryzae strains (92/1, 236/2, and 284) isolated from agricultural soil that were proven to have good probiotic properties (non-toxic, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant capacity, and gastrointestinal tolerance) were used to ferment OMW, then the chemical composition was analyzed after 7 and 14 days of fermentation. The FOMW with the R. oryzae 284 strain, which gave the best results, was added to a commercial broiler feed at 20%, 30%, and 40% supplementation ratios. Then proximal analyses were done to compare non-supplemented with supplemented CF. Chemical analyses included dry weight, crude protein, crude fats, crude fibers, crude ash, sugars, and starch, then metabolizable energy was calculated from the given values. CONCLUSIONS Compared to non-fermented OMW, the best results were obtained by the R. oryzae 284 strain allowing an increase in crude protein content by 23.4% after 7 days of fermentation, a decrease in crude fiber content by 9.8% after 14 days of fermentation, and an increase in metabolizable energy by 3.6% after 7 days of fermentation. Compared to non-supplemented CF, the metabolizable energy changes of 20, 30, and 40% supplementation increased by 8.38, 2.83%, and decreased by 4.27% respectively. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY FOMW can be incorporated into broiler feed rations until 30% without causing any decrease in metabolizable energy. It can be a cheaper alternative with promising productivity and chicken health improvements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Adel Hamza
- Researcher at Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University
| | - Ozlem Abaci Gunyar
- Associate professor at Basic and Industrial Microbiology Section, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Ege University
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Effects of micronized bamboo powder on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, cecal chyme microflora and metabolism of broilers aged 1-22 days. Trop Anim Health Prod 2022; 54:166. [PMID: 35437649 PMCID: PMC9015971 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-022-03172-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/29/2022]
Abstract
Adding insoluble fiber to diet of broilers has been reported to improve intestinal health and promote growth performance. Bamboo powder is a cheap raw material with rich insoluble fiber. This study aims to explore the effects of feeding micronized bamboo powder (MBP) on growth performance, serum biochemical indexes, intestinal microflora, and metabolism of broilers. A total of 1440 1-day-old slow-growing Ephedra chickens were randomly divided into three groups considering gender and body weight: (1) Group D: feeding with basal diet without antibiotics; (2) Group E: feeding with basal diet supplemented with 5% rice bran (RB); (3) Group F: feeding with basal diet supplemented with 1% MBP. Each group involved 8 replicates feeding for 22 days, with 60 chickens per replicate. Various indexes were detected. For the growth performance, the weight gain and feed consumption ratio (G: F) of Group F supplemented with MBP is 0.57 ± 0.04, which is significantly higher than that of E group supplemented with RB (0.52 ± 0.01, P < 0.05). For the serum biochemical indexes, the glutathione peroxidase activity in Group F is significantly higher than that of Group D, while the malondialdehyde content is significantly lower than that of Group D and Group E (P < 0.05 for all). The fresh cecal chyme is taken for determination. In Group F, the α diversity index Faith_pd is significantly lower in Group F than that of Group D. The microorganism species in cecal chyme of Group F and Group E are also different. The metabolic pathways of Group F, mainly in fatty acid metabolism, amino acid metabolism and intestinal immune IgA production, were different from those of Group D and Group E. Adding 1% MBP to broiler diet can enhance the anti-oxidant capacity, improve chyme microflora, regulate the metabolism pathways responsible for intestinal fatty acids, amino acids, and immunity.
Collapse
|
27
|
Ghavipanje N, Vargas-Bello-Pérez E, Afshin M, Hosseini SA, Aghashahi A, Vatankhah AM. The Inclusion of Alhagi maurorum in Growing Camel Diet: Effect on Performance, Liver-Related Blood Metabolites, and Antioxidant Status. Front Vet Sci 2022; 9:863121. [PMID: 35433901 PMCID: PMC9009082 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.863121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study determined the effect of dietary inclusion of camelthron [Alhagi maurorum (AM)] on the performance, blood metabolites, and antioxidant status of growing camels. A total of 18 Sindhi camel calves of 9–10 months of age and 115 ± 7 kg body weight (BW) were randomly assigned to three diets (with a forage:concentrate ratio of 50:50) that were formulated by partial and total substitution of alfalfa hay with AM as follows: (1) diet without AM (control), (2) diet containing 25% of AM (AM-25), and (3) diet containing 50% of AM (AM-50) (dry matter basis) for 150 days. Dry matter intake (DMI) was recorded daily. The camels were weighed individually on days 0, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150. Blood samples were collected on days 0, 75, and 150. DMI was increased (p = 0.004) with AM-50 feeding followed by AM-25. Total weight gain (p = 0.048) and average daily gain (ADG) (p = 0.043) decreased with AM-50; however, no differences were observed between the AM-25 and CON groups. Feed cost per kg BW gain tended to decrease (p = 0.092) and return per kg BW gain tended to increase (p = 0.087) by AM feeding. The plasma triglycerides (TGs) (p = 0.046) and cholesterol (CHOL) (p = 0.025) concentration were reduced with AM inclusion. Additionally, the AM50-fed camels showed the lowest concentration of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (p = 0.008) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (p = 0.0036), followed by AM-25. The plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) was depressed (p = 0.037) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was enhanced (p = 0.016) with both the AM-25 and AM-50. Moreover, feeding the AM containing diets led to higher (p = 0.004) glutathione peroxidase (GPx) along with a tendency for superoxide dismutase (SOD) (p = 0.075) and catalase (CAT) (p = 0.094). Overall, feeding camels with AM for up to 25% of their dry matter (DM) diet positively influenced the antioxidant status without severe deleterious effects on performance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Navid Ghavipanje
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
- *Correspondence: Navid Ghavipanje
| | - Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg, Denmark
- Einar Vargas-Bello-Pérez
| | - Mojtaba Afshin
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Birjand, Birjand, Iran
| | | | - Alireza Aghashahi
- Department of Animal and Poultry Nutrition, Animal Science Research Institute, Agricultural Education and Extension Research Organization, Karaj, Iran
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Derbyshire E. Food-Based Dietary Guidelines and Protein Quality Definitions—Time to Move Forward and Encompass Mycoprotein? Foods 2022; 11:foods11050647. [PMID: 35267280 PMCID: PMC8909067 DOI: 10.3390/foods11050647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Food-Based Dietary Guidelines (FBDG) lack uniformity globally, with the integration of protein food sources being highly variable. Protein guidance tends to be dichotomous, e.g., animal versus plant with other categories such as fungal proteins being overlooked. In 2019 the EAT Lancet Food in the Anthropocene report was a chief driver questioning the need to supply healthy diets from sustainable food systems. Some countries are developing FBDG that integrate these aspects, but these are quite often protracted, too subtle or misaligned with other countries, diluting the effects of meaningful global change. Protein quality metrics also underpin the dissemination of dietary guidance. However, for protein, these remain based on a food’s essential amino acid profile and digestibility scores, thus are nutritionally and physiologically centric. It has been proposed that this definition is becoming increasingly myopic from a wider societal perspective. Updated indices should include contemporary issues such as protein diversity and environmental outcomes. Taken together, there is opportunity for renewed thinking about both FBDG and protein quality definitions, with scope to include both health and environmental outcomes and need to move towards the concept of protein diversification.
Collapse
|
29
|
Shah AA, Totakul P, Matra M, Cherdthong A, Harnboonsong Y, Wanapat M. Nutritional composition of various insects and potential uses as alternative protein sources in animal diets -A review. Anim Biosci 2022; 35:317-331. [PMID: 34991214 PMCID: PMC8831828 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present investigation is to determine the nutritional composition of various insects and their potential uses as alternative protein sources in animal diets. The feeding industry is to develop a production system that uses accessible resources, such as feed resources, and concentrate on their potential impacts on production yield and nutritional quality. Invertebrate insects, such as black soldier flies, grasshopper mealworms, housefly larvae, and crickets, have been naturally as human food and as nonruminants and aqua culture while for ruminants are of limitations. Insects can be mass-produced, participating in a circular economy that minimizes or eliminates food- and feed-waste through bioconversion. Although the model for formula-scale production of insects as feed for domestic animals has been explored for a number of years, significant production and transformation of conventional protein resources remains to be deeply investigated. This review will focus on the nutritional composition of various insects and their potential uses as alternative protein sources, as well as their roles for potential use to promote and support sustainable animal production. Furthermore, nutritional compositions, such as high protein, lauric acid omega 6, and omega 3, and bioactive compounds, such as chitin, are of great potential use for animal feeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Assar Ali Shah
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Pajaree Totakul
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Maharach Matra
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Anusorn Cherdthong
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| | - Yupa Harnboonsong
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, 40002 Thailand
| | - Metha Wanapat
- Tropical Feed Resources Research and Development Center (TROFREC), Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen 40002, Thailand
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
The effects of the dietary replacement of soybean meal with yellow mealworm larvae (Tenebrio molitor) on the growth, nutrient digestibility and nitrogen output of fattening rabbits. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2021.115048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|
31
|
Kpogo AL, Jose J, Panisson JC, Agyekum AK, Predicala BZ, Alvarado AC, Agnew JM, Sprenger CJ, Beaulieu AD. Greenhouse gases and performance of growing pigs fed wheat-based diets containing wheat millrun and a multi-carbohydrase enzyme. J Anim Sci 2021; 99:6377888. [PMID: 34586401 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skab213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this project was to determine the impact of feeding growing pigs with high wheat millrun diets supplemented with a multi-carbohydrase enzyme (amylase, cellulase, glucanase, xylanase, and invertase activities) on nutrient digestibility, growth performance, and greenhouse gas (GHG) output (carbon dioxide, CO2; nitrous oxide, N2O; methane, CH4). Three experiments were conducted utilizing six treatments arranged as a 3 × 2 factorial (0%, 15%, or 30% wheat millrun; with or without enzyme) for the digestibility experiment or as a 2 × 2 factorial (0% or 30% wheat millrun; with or without enzyme) for the performance and GHG experiments. The digestibility, performance, and GHG experiments utilized 48 individually housed pigs, 180 pigs housed 5 per pen, or 96 pigs housed 6 per chamber, respectively. Increasing wheat millrun up to 30% in the diet of growing pigs resulted in decreased energy, nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) apparent total tract digestibility and net energy content (P < 0.01). Overall, average daily gain (ADG) and gain to feed ratio were reduced in pigs fed wheat millrun (P < 0.05). Enzyme supplementation had minimal effects on the digestibility or performance parameters measured. Feeding diets with 30% millrun did not affect GHG output (CH4: 4.7 and 4.9; N2O: 0.45 and 0.42; CO2: 1,610 and 1,711 mg/s without or with millrun inclusion, respectively; P > 0.78). Enzyme supplementation had no effect on GHG emissions (CH4: 4.5 and 5.1; N2O: 0.46 and 0.42; CO2: 1,808 and 1,513 mg/s without or with enzymes, respectively; P > 0.51). Overall, the carbohydrase enzyme had minimal effects on parameters measured, regardless of wheat millrun inclusion (P > 0.10). Although energy, N and P digestibility, and ADG were reduced, the inclusion of up to 30% wheat millrun in the diet has no effect on GHG emissions from growing pigs (P > 0.10).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Agbee L Kpogo
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | - Jismol Jose
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| | | | - Atta K Agyekum
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | | | | | | | - Charley J Sprenger
- Prairie Agricultural Machinery Institute, Portage la Prairie, MB R1N 3V6, Canada
| | - A Denise Beaulieu
- Department of Animal and Poultry Science, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Xia J, Ge C, Yao H. Antimicrobial Peptides from Black Soldier Fly ( Hermetia illucens) as Potential Antimicrobial Factors Representing an Alternative to Antibiotics in Livestock Farming. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:1937. [PMID: 34209689 PMCID: PMC8300228 DOI: 10.3390/ani11071937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Functional antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are an important class of effector molecules of innate host immune defense against pathogen invasion. Inability of microorganisms to develop resistance against the majority of AMPs has made them alternatives to antibiotics, contributing to the development of a new generation of antimicrobials. Due to extensive biodiversity, insects are one of the most abundant sources of novel AMPs. Notably, black soldier fly insect (BSF; Hermetia illucens (Diptera: Stratiomyidae)) feeds on decaying substrates and displays a supernormal capacity to survive under adverse conditions in the presence of abundant microorganisms, therefore, BSF is one of the most promising sources for identification of AMPs. However, discovery, functional investigation, and drug development to replace antibiotics with AMPs from Hermetia illucens remain in a preliminary stage. In this review, we provide general information on currently verified AMPs of Hermetia illucens, describe their potential medical value, discuss the mechanism of their synthesis and interactions, and consider the development of bacterial resistance to AMPs in comparison with antibiotics, aiming to provide a candidate for substitution of antibiotics in livestock farming or, to some extent, for blocking the horizontal transfer of resistance genes in the environment, which is beneficial to human and animal welfare.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xia
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China;
| | - Chaorong Ge
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China;
| | - Huaiying Yao
- Research Center for Environmental Ecology and Engineering, School of Environmental Ecology and Biological Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430073, China;
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Urban Environmental Processes and Pollution Control, Ningbo Urban Environment Observation and Research Station, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo 315800, China
- Key Laboratory of Urban Environment and Health, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Terranova M, Eggerschwiler L, Ortmann S, Clauss M, Kreuzer M, Schwarm A. Increasing the proportion of hazel leaves in the diet of dairy cows reduced methane yield and excretion of nitrogen in volatile form, but not milk yield. Anim Feed Sci Technol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2020.114790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
34
|
Aliaño-González MJ, Richard T, Cantos-Villar E. Grapevine Cane Extracts: Raw Plant Material, Extraction Methods, Quantification, and Applications. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1195. [PMID: 32824592 PMCID: PMC7464460 DOI: 10.3390/biom10081195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Grapevine canes are viticulture waste that is usually discarded without any further use. However, recent studies have shown that they contain significant concentrations of health-promoting compounds, such as stilbenes, secondary metabolites of plants produced as a response to biotic and abiotic stress from fungal disease or dryness. Stilbenes have been associated with antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-microbial properties and they have been tested as potential treatments of cardiovascular and neurological diseases, and even cancer, with promising results. Stilbenes have been described in the different genus of the Vitaceae family, the Vitis genera being one of the most widely studied due to its important applications and economic impact around the world. This review presents an in-depth study of the composition and concentration of stilbenes in grapevine canes. The results show that the concentration of stilbenes in grapevine canes is highly influenced by the Vitis genus and cultivar aspects (growing conditions, ultraviolet radiation, fungal attack, etc.). Different methods for extracting stilbenes from grapevine canes have been reviewed, and the extraction conditions have also been studied, underlining the advantages and disadvantages of each technique. After the stilbenes were extracted, they were analyzed to determine the stilbene composition and concentration. Analytical techniques have been employed with this aim, in most cases using liquid chromatography, coupled with others such as mass spectrometry and/or nuclear magnetic resonance to achieve the individual quantification. Finally, stilbene extracts may be applied in multiple fields based on their properties. The five most relevant are preservative, antifungal, insecticide, and biostimulant applications. The current state-of-the-art of the above applications and their prospects are discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- María José Aliaño-González
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Desarrollo Sostenible, Rancho de la Merced, Ctra. Cañada de la Loba, CA-3102 km 3.1, 11471 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain;
| | - Tristan Richard
- Université de Bordeaux, ISVV, EA 3675 Groupe d’Etude des Substances Végétales à Activité Biologique, 33882 Villenave d’Ornon, France;
| | - Emma Cantos-Villar
- Instituto de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Consejería de Agricultura, Ganadería, Pesca y Desarrollo Sostenible, Rancho de la Merced, Ctra. Cañada de la Loba, CA-3102 km 3.1, 11471 Jerez de la Frontera, Spain;
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Gorlov IF, Slozhenkina MI, Mosolova NI, Grishin VS, Mosolov AA, Bondarkova EY, Anisimova EY, Starodubova YV, Brekhova SA, Andreev-Chadaev PS. Locusta migratoria extruded meal in young steers diet: evaluation of growth performance, blood indices and meat traits of Calves Kasakh white-headed breed. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2020.1802282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan Fiodorovich Gorlov
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-And-Milk Production, Volgograd, Russia
- Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Marina Ivanovna Slozhenkina
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-And-Milk Production, Volgograd, Russia
- Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Natalia Ivanovna Mosolova
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-And-Milk Production, Volgograd, Russia
- Volgograd State Technical University, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Vladimir Sergeevich Grishin
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-And-Milk Production, Volgograd, Russia
| | | | - Elena Yurievna Bondarkova
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-And-Milk Production, Volgograd, Russia
| | - Elena Yurievna Anisimova
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-And-Milk Production, Volgograd, Russia
- Volgograd State University, Volgograd, Russia
| | | | - Svetlana Andreevna Brekhova
- Volga Region Research Institute of Manufacture and Processing of Meat-And-Milk Production, Volgograd, Russia
| | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Amorim ML, Soares J, Coimbra JSDR, Leite MDO, Albino LFT, Martins MA. Microalgae proteins: production, separation, isolation, quantification, and application in food and feed. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:1976-2002. [PMID: 32462889 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1768046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Many countries have been experienced an increase in protein consumption due to the population growth and adoption of protein-rich dietaries. Unfortunately, conventional-based protein agroindustry is associated with environmental impacts that might aggravate as the humankind increase. Thus, it is important to screen for novel protein sources that are environmentally friendly. Microalgae farming is a promising alternative to couple the anthropic emissions with the production of food and feed. Some microalgae show protein contents two times higher than conventional protein sources. The use of whole microalgae biomass as a protein source in food and feed is simple and well-established. Conversely, the production of microalgae protein supplements and isolates requires the development of feasible and robust processes able to fractionate the microalgae biomass in different value-added products. Since most of the proteins are inside the microalgae cells, several techniques of disruption have been proposed to increase the efficiency to extract them. After the disruption of the microalgae cells, the proteins can be extracted, concentrated, isolated or purified allowing the development of different products. This critical review addresses the current state of the production of microalgae proteins for multifarious applications, and possibilities to concatenate the production of proteins and advanced biofuels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Lopes Amorim
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | - Jimmy Soares
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Marcio Arêdes Martins
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Chia SY, Macharia J, Diiro GM, Kassie M, Ekesi S, van Loon JJA, Dicke M, Tanga CM. Smallholder farmers' knowledge and willingness to pay for insect-based feeds in Kenya. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0230552. [PMID: 32210461 PMCID: PMC7094868 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0230552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Edible insects are increasingly being considered as sustainable alternatives to fish and soybean meals in animal feed because of their high nutritional quality and environmental benefits. However, successful introduction of a new product to the market depends on the target user’s acceptance. Thus, evaluating the potential demand of insect-based feeds would provide relevant information for policy development. The present study assessed farmers’ knowledge on edible insects as feed, their acceptance of integrating insect meals in animal feeds and willingness to pay (WTP) for insect-based feed (IBF) using a contingent valuation method. A household survey was conducted among 957 randomly selected farmers including: 409 poultry, 241 fish and 307 pig farmers in four counties in Kenya. Results of the study reveal that over 70 and 80% of poultry and fish farmers, respectively, are aware that insects can be used as a feed ingredient. In addition, over 60 and 75% of poultry and fish farmers, respectively, consider insects as a good component of feed. Poultry, pig and fish farmers interviewed accepted and showed willingness to pay for IBF. Regression analysis indicated that age, gender, education, marital status, distance to feed trader, awareness of insects as feed, attitude towards insects, acceptance of insect species, availability of agricultural inputs, use of commercial feeds, availability of training and market information had a significant influence on the WTP for IBF. Therefore, increased extension services to educate famers on the nutritional benefits of insect meals in animal feeds and existing market opportunities are expected to improve farmers’ attitude towards utilization and consequently enhance WTP for IBF, which in return would significantly reduce the existing pressure on conventional fishmeal feed resources. Our findings provide the first insights into the market opportunities of including insect meals in the animal feed value chain in Kenya.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shaphan Y. Chia
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - John Macharia
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gracious M. Diiro
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Menale Kassie
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sunday Ekesi
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Joop J. A. van Loon
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel Dicke
- Laboratory of Entomology, Wageningen University & Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Chrysantus M. Tanga
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Nairobi, Kenya
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Meneses M, Martínez-Marín AL, Madrid J, Martínez-Teruel A, Hernández F, Megías MD. Ensilability, in vitro and in vivo values of the agro-industrial by-products of artichoke and broccoli. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:2919-2925. [PMID: 31838675 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-019-07142-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
By-products of raw artichoke (RA) (Cynara scolymus L.) and boiled broccoli (BB) (Brassica oleracea, var. italica) were ensiled in plastic bags for 24 days. Then, chemical composition, nutritive characteristics, in vitro rumen degradability, in vivo digestibility and phytosanitary residue contents of the silages were evaluated. The fermentative parameters studied indicated that plastic bags were a suitable method to silage RA and BB by-products. Both silages had a high in vitro rumen DM disappearance at 72 h, although it was higher in the BB silage (96.8 vs. 82.1%). In vivo digestibility of DM was similar and high in both silages (78.5 and 80.0% in RA and BB), but crude protein and NDF digestibilities were higher in the BB silage (83.0 and 88.3% vs. 55.1 and 78.8%). No residues of analysed phytosanitary were found. In conclusion, silages of wastes from the processing of artichoke and broccoli were free from the analysed several phytosanitary residues, their nutritive value made them adequate for feeding ruminant animals and are an environmentally friendly way of disposal of such residues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Meneses
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud (Nutrición), Universidad Anáhuac, Lomas Anáhuac Huixquilucan, 52786, México-Norte, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - Andrés Luís Martínez-Marín
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071, Murcia, Spain
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, 14071, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Josefa Madrid
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071, Murcia, Spain
| | - Antonio Martínez-Teruel
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071, Murcia, Spain
| | - Fuensanta Hernández
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071, Murcia, Spain
| | - María Dolores Megías
- Departamento de Producción Animal, Universidad de Murcia, Campus de Espinardo, 30071, Murcia, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
de la Moneda A, Carro MD, Weisbjerg MR, Roleda MY, Lind V, Novoa-Garrido M, Molina-Alcaide E. Variability and Potential of Seaweeds as Ingredients of Ruminant Diets: An In Vitro Study. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100851. [PMID: 31652535 PMCID: PMC6827098 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to analyze the chemical composition and in vitro rumen fermentation of eight seaweed species (Brown: Alaria esculenta, Laminaria digitata, Pelvetia canaliculata, Saccharina latissima; Red: Mastocarpus stellatus, Palmaria palmata and Porphyra sp.; Green: Cladophora rupestris) collected in Norway during spring and autumn. Moreover, the in vitro ruminal fermentation of seventeen diets composed of 1:1 oat hay:concentrate, without (control diet) or including seaweeds was studied. The ash and N contents were greater (p < 0.001) in seaweeds collected during spring than in autumn, but autumn-seaweeds had greater total extractable polyphenols. Nitrogen in red and green seaweeds was greater than 2.20 and in brown seaweeds, it was lower than 1.92 g/kg DM. Degradability after 24 h of fermentation was greater in spring seaweeds than in autumn, with Palmaria palmata showing the greatest value and Pelvetia canaliculata the lowest. Seaweeds differed in their fermentation pattern, and autumn Alaria esculenta, Laminaria digitata, Saccharina latissima and Palmaria palmata were similar to high-starch feeds. The inclusion of seaweeds in the concentrate of a diet up to 200 g/kg concentrate produced only subtle effects on in vitro ruminal fermentation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana de la Moneda
- Estación Experimental del Zaidin (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| | - Maria Dolores Carro
- Departamento de Producción Agraria. Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingeniería Agronómica, Alimentaria y de Biosistemas, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Ciudad Universitaria, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Michael Y Roleda
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), PB 115, 1431 Ås, Norway.
- The Marine Science Institute, College of Science, University of the Philippines, Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines.
| | - Vibeke Lind
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), PB 115, 1431 Ås, Norway.
| | - Margarita Novoa-Garrido
- Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), PB 115, 1431 Ås, Norway.
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Nordland, Norway.
| | - Eduarda Molina-Alcaide
- Estación Experimental del Zaidin (Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas), Profesor Albareda, 1, 18008 Granada, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Cortés A, Moreira MT, Feijoo G. Integrated evaluation of wine lees valorization to produce value-added products. WASTE MANAGEMENT (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 95:70-77. [PMID: 31351656 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The integrated evaluation of the valorization of wine lees to produce value-added products was carried out in this study from a life-cycle perspective. The consumption of steam has been demonstrated as the main hot spot, reaching 85.7% of the impact on Fossil Depletion and 85.3% on Climate Change. Bearing in mind that four different value-added products are produced, a sensitivity analysis was carried out in order to ascertain the influence of the functional unit and the allocation method on the environmental outcomes. The performance of this system was compared to other processes that produce antioxidants from different raw materials. These processes were phycocyanin recovery from Spirulina platensis cyanobacterium, the production of the red antioxidant astaxanthin by microalgae and the valorization of the macroalgae Sargassum muticum. Wine lees valorization showed a better environmental profile throughout the entire life cycle, due to the fact that most of the operations performed are physical (solid/liquid separations, distillations, evaporations, etc.) and do not involve a large consumption of electricity or chemicals. However, there is still room for improvement, and future research should focus on optimizing the extraction of antioxidants from wine lees using two-stages aqueous systems, ultrasonic or microwave assisted extraction, in the pursuit of better performance and lower environmental impact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Cortés
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
| | - Maria Teresa Moreira
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gumersindo Feijoo
- Department of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Rúa Lope Gómez de Marzoa, s/n, 15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Sogari G, Amato M, Biasato I, Chiesa S, Gasco L. The Potential Role of Insects as Feed: A Multi-Perspective Review. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9040119. [PMID: 30934748 PMCID: PMC6523843 DOI: 10.3390/ani9040119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The consumption of meat and fish is growing, and it is becoming increasingly difficult to meet the growing demand for protein by farming on land and in water, causing serious repercussions for the planet’s resources, socio-economic development, and environmental sustainability. The search for new food solutions with good nutritional value for direct and indirect human consumption is of fundamental importance. The use of insects for feeding farmed animals represents a promising alternative because of the nutritional properties of insects and the possible environmental benefits, given the sustainability of this type of farming. Yet, there is a lack of consensus among western consumers. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to report and discuss previous consumer and stakeholder studies related to insects as feed, including the main market challenges for this novel source. The results show that, despite a sparse body of research, consumer acceptance will not be a barrier towards the development of the insect protein industry for feed. However, further research should shed light on consumer willingness to pay for animal products from animals fed with insects and whether the overall acceptability, in general and from a sensory point of view, will be perceived better than conventional products. Abstract Recently, insects have received increased attention as an important source of sustainable raw materials for animal feed, especially in fish, poultry, and swine. In particular, the most promising species are represented by the black soldier fly (Hermetia illucens, HI), the yellow mealworm (Tenebrio molitor, TM), and the common house fly (Musca domestica, MD). Although rapid development is expected, insects remain underutilized in the animal feed industry mainly due to technical, financial, and regulatory barriers. In addition, few works have analyzed consumer and stakeholder points of view towards the use of insects as animal feed. In this article, we summarize the main findings of this body of research and provide a discussion of consumer studies regarding the consumption of animals fed with insects. Our review suggests that consumer acceptance will not be a barrier towards the development of this novel protein industry. Furthermore, we conclude that it will be of interest to understand whether the use of this more sustainable feed source might increase consumer willingness to pay for animal products fed with insects and whether the overall acceptability, from a sensory point of view, will be perceived better than conventional products. Finally, the main challenges of the feed farming industry are addressed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Sogari
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
- Charles H. Dyson School of Applied Economics and Management, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA.
| | - Mario Amato
- Department of Political Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy.
| | - Ilaria Biasato
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10124 Torino, Italy.
| | - Silvana Chiesa
- Department of Food and Drug, University of Parma, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Laura Gasco
- Department of Agricultural, Forest, and Food Sciences, University of Turin, Grugliasco, 10124 Torino, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Kim SW, Less JF, Wang L, Yan T, Kiron V, Kaushik SJ, Lei XG. Meeting Global Feed Protein Demand: Challenge, Opportunity, and Strategy. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2018; 7:221-243. [PMID: 30418803 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-030117-014838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Feed protein supplements are one of the most expensive and limiting feed ingredients. This review offers a comprehensive analysis of how the expected expansion of animal production, driven by the rising world population and living standards for more animal-sourced foods, is creating a global shortage of feed protein supply. Because ruminants, chickens, and pigs contribute to 96% of the global supply of animal protein and aquaculture is growing fast, means of meeting the feed protein requirements of these species are elaborated. Geographic variation and interdependence among China, Europe, and North America in the demand and supply of feed protein are compared. The potential and current state of exploration into alternative feed proteins, including microalgae, insects, single-cell proteins, and coproducts, are highlighted. Strategic innovations are proposed to upgrade feed protein processing and assessment, improve protein digestion by exogenous enzymes, and genetically select feed-efficient livestock breeds. An overall successful and sustainable solution in meeting global feed protein demands will lead to a substantial net gain of human-edible animal protein with a minimal environmental footprint.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Animal Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina 27695, USA;
| | - John F Less
- ADM Animal Nutrition, Decatur, Illinois 62526, USA;
| | - Li Wang
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China, Institute of Animal Science, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 510640 Guangzhou, China;
| | - Tianhai Yan
- Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Hillsborough, County Down, Northern Ireland BT26 6DR, United Kingdom;
| | - Viswanath Kiron
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, 8049 Bodø, Norway;
| | - Sadasivam J Kaushik
- EcoAqua, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Taliarte, 35214 Telde, Las Palmas, Canary Islands, Spain;
| | - Xin Gen Lei
- Department of Animal Science, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA;
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Review: Make ruminants green again - how can sustainable intensification and agroecology converge for a better future? Animal 2018; 12:s210-s219. [PMID: 30139401 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731118001350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Livestock farming systems provide multiple benefits to humans: protein-rich diets that contribute to food security, employment and rural economies, capital stock and draught power in many developing countries and cultural landscape all around the world. Despite these positive contributions to society, livestock is also the centre of many controversies as regards to its environmental impacts, animal welfare and health outcomes related to excessive meat consumption. Here, we review the potentials of sustainable intensification (SI) and agroecology (AE) in the design of sustainable ruminant farming systems. We analyse the two frameworks in a historical perspective and show that they are underpinned by different values and worldviews about food consumption patterns, the role of technology and our relationship with nature. Proponents of SI see the increase in animal protein demand as inevitable and therefore aim at increasing production from existing farmland to limit further encroachment into remaining natural ecosystems. Sustainable intensification can thus be seen as an efficiency-oriented framework that benefits from all forms of technological development. Proponents of AE appear more open to dietary shifts towards less animal protein consumption to rebalance the whole food system. Agroecology promotes system redesign, benefits from functional diversity and aims at providing regulating and cultural services. We analyse the main criticisms of the two frameworks: Is SI sustainable? How much can AE contribute to feeding the world? Indeed, in SI, social justice has long lacked attention notably with respect to resource allocation within and between generations. It is only recently that some of its proponents have indicated that there is room to include more diversified systems and food-system transformation perspectives and to build socially fair governance systems. As no space is available for agricultural land expansion in many areas, agroecological approaches that emphasise the importance of local production should also focus more on yield increases from agricultural land. Our view is that new technologies and strict certifications offer opportunities for scaling-up agroecological systems. We stress that the key issue for making digital science part of the agroecological transition is that it remains at a low cost and is thus accessible to smallholder farmers. We conclude that SI and AE could converge for a better future by adopting transformative approaches in the search for ecologically benign, socially fair and economically viable ruminant farming systems.
Collapse
|