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Ding L, Zhu H, Wang K, Huang R, Yu W, Yan B, Zhou B, Wang H, Yang Z, Liu Z, Wang J. Quercetin alleviates cadmium-induced BRL-3A cell apoptosis by inhibiting oxidative stress and the PERK/IRE1α/ATF6 signaling pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:125790-125805. [PMID: 38001299 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-31189-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a highly toxic environmental pollutant. The liver is an important metabolic organ in the body and is susceptible to Cd toxicity attacks. Quercetin (Que) is a flavonoid compound with pharmacological activities of scavenging free radicals and antioxidant activity. Previous studies have shown that Que can alleviate Cd caused hepatocyte apoptosis in rats, but the specific mechanism remains unclear. To explore the specific mechanism, we established a model of Cd toxicity and Que rescue in BRL-3A cells and used 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA), an endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) inhibitor, as positive control. Set up a control group, Cd treatment group, Cd and Que co treatment group, Que treatment group, Cd and 4-PBA co treatment group, and 4-PBA treatment group. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method was employed to measure cell viability. Fluorescence staining was applied to observe cell apoptosis. Flow cytometry was performed to detect reactive oxygen species levels. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blot method was adopted to detect the mRNA and protein expression levels of ERS and apoptosis-related genes. The results showed that compared with the control group, the Cd treated group showed a significant decrease in cell viability (P < 0.01), an increase in intracellular ROS levels, and apoptosis. The mRNA and protein expression levels of ERS and apoptosis related factors such as GRP78, IRE1α, XBP1, ATF6, Caspase-12, Caspase-3 and Bax in the cells were significantly increased (P < 0.01), while the mRNA and protein expression levels of Bcl-2 were significantly reduced (P < 0.01). Compared with the Cd treatment group, the Cd and Que co treatment group and the Cd and 4-PBA co treatment group showed a significant increase in cell viability (P < 0.01), a decrease in intracellular ROS levels, a decrease in cell apoptosis, and a significant decrease in the expression levels of ERS and apoptosis related factors mRNA and protein (P < 0.01), as well as a significant increase in Bcl-2 mRNA and protein expression (P < 0.01). We confirmed that Que could alleviate the apoptosis caused by Cd in BRL-3A cells, and the effects of Que were similar to those of ERS inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lulu Ding
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12, East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Huali Zhu
- Law Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruxue Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bingzhao Yan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Bianhua Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongwei Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zijun Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China
| | - Zongping Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, No.12, East Wenhui Road, 225009, Yangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Jicang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Science and Technology, No.263, Kaiyuan Avenue, 471023, Luoyang, People's Republic of China.
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Yang Y, Liu C, Zhang C, Xu Z, Zhang L, Cui Y, Wang C, Lin Y, Hou X. Acetate Upregulates GPR43 Expression and Function via PI3K-AKT-SP1 Signaling in Mammary Epithelial Cells during Milk Fat Synthesis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:16003-16015. [PMID: 37870996 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c00965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the mechanism underlying acetate-induced orphan G-protein-coupled receptor 43 (GPR43) expression and milk fat production. The mammary epithelial cells of dairy cows were treated with acetate, and the effects of GPR43 on acetate uptake and the expression of lipogenesis-related genes were determined by gas chromatography and quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), respectively. RNAi, inhibitor treatment, and luciferase assay were used to determine the effect of phosphoinositide 3-kinase-protein kinase B-specificity protein 1 (PI3K-AKT-SP1) signaling on acetate-induced GPR43 expression and function. The results showed that GPR43 was highly expressed in lactating cow mammary tissues, which was related to milk fat synthesis. 12 mM acetate significantly increased the GPR43 expression in mammary epithelial cells of dairy cows. In acetate-treated cells, GPR43 overexpression significantly increased the cellular uptake of acetate, the intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG) content, and acetate-induced lipogenesis gene expression. Acetate activated PI3K-AKT signaling and promoted SP1 translocation from the cytosol into the nucleus, where SP1 bound to the GPR43 promoter and upregulated GPR43 transcription. Moreover, the activation of PI3K-AKT-SP1 by acetate facilitated the trafficking of GPR43 from the cytosol to the plasma membrane. In conclusion, acetate upregulated GPR43 expression and function via PI3K-AKT-SP1 signaling in mammary epithelial cells, thereby increasing milk fat synthesis. These results provide an experimental strategy for improving milk lipid synthesis, which is important to the dairy industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chuanping Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Caiyan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ziru Xu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Yingjun Cui
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Ye Lin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
- Key Laboratory of Dairy Science of Education Ministry, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
| | - Xiaoming Hou
- Key Laboratory of Animal Cellular and Genetics Engineering of Heilongjiang Province, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China
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Liu J, Yang G, Gao Y, Li X, Long Y, Wei S, Zhao Y, Sun S, Gao S. Transcriptome analysis reveals the mechanisms of hepatic injury caused by long-term environmental exposure to atrazine in juvenile common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:36545-36556. [PMID: 36564684 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-24933-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Atrazine (ATZ) is the second most commonly used herbicide worldwide, resulting in the pollution of water bodies and affecting the economic benefits of aquaculture. ATZ is known to cause liver damage in the common carp, Cyprinus carpio L., one of the most widely cultivated fish in China, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. In this study, juvenile common carp Cyprinus carpio L. were exposed to three different environmental levels (0.4, 0.8, and 1.2 μg/L) of ATZ for 12 weeks and changes in the liver transcriptomes between the high-dose group and the control group were analyzed. The data showed that different levels of ATZ exposure caused hepatotoxicity in juvenile carp, shown by biochemical parameters and histopathological changes. Comparative transcriptomics showed that high-dose ATZ exposure led to alterations in the expression of various lipid metabolism-related gene changes, including genes associated with metabolic pathways, fatty acid metabolism, and fatty acid elongation. Furthermore, a connection network analysis of the top 100 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed a variety of associations between high-dose ATZ-induced liver damage and the principal DEGs, indicating the complexity of hepatotoxicity induced by ATZ. In conclusion, the molecular mechanisms underlying ATZ-triggered hepatotoxicity in juvenile carp are primarily related to impaired lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Liu
- College of Biological and Brewing Engineering, Taishan University, 525 Dongyue Street, Tai'an City, 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Guangcheng Yang
- College of Biological and Brewing Engineering, Taishan University, 525 Dongyue Street, Tai'an City, 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yanxia Gao
- College of Life Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Tai'an City, 271016, Shandong Province, China.
| | - Xinran Li
- College of Life Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Tai'an City, 271016, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuting Long
- College of Life Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Tai'an City, 271016, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shuling Wei
- College of Life Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Tai'an City, 271016, Shandong Province, China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- College of Life Science, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, 619 Changcheng Road, Tai'an City, 271016, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shanshan Sun
- Tai'an City Central Hospital, 29 Longtan Road, Tai'an City, 271000, Shandong Province, China
| | - Shujuan Gao
- Daiyue District Service Center of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Business Development, 379 Leigu Street, Tai'an City, 271000, Shandong Province, China
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Huang C, Deng W, Xu HZ, Zhou C, Zhang F, Chen J, Bao Q, Zhou X, Liu M, Li J, Liu C. Short-chain fatty acids reprogram metabolic profiles with the induction of reactive oxygen species production in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1606-1620. [PMID: 36874158 PMCID: PMC9975252 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2023] [Revised: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) exhibit anticancer activity in cellular and animal models of colon cancer. Acetate, propionate, and butyrate are the three major SCFAs produced from dietary fiber by gut microbiota fermentation and have beneficial effects on human health. Most previous studies on the antitumor mechanisms of SCFAs have focused on specific metabolites or genes involved in antitumor pathways, such as reactive oxygen species (ROS) biosynthesis. In this study, we performed a systematic and unbiased analysis of the effects of acetate, propionate, and butyrate on ROS levels and metabolic and transcriptomic signatures at physiological concentrations in human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells. We observed significantly elevated levels of ROS in the treated cells. Furthermore, significantly regulated signatures were involved in overlapping pathways at metabolic and transcriptomic levels, including ROS response and metabolism, fatty acid transport and metabolism, glucose response and metabolism, mitochondrial transport and respiratory chain complex, one-carbon metabolism, amino acid transport and metabolism, and glutaminolysis, which are directly or indirectly linked to ROS production. Additionally, metabolic and transcriptomic regulation occurred in a SCFAs types-dependent manner, with an increasing degree from acetate to propionate and then to butyrate. This study provides a comprehensive analysis of how SCFAs induce ROS production and modulate metabolic and transcriptomic levels in colon cancer cells, which is vital for understanding the mechanisms of the effects of SCFAs on antitumor activity in colon cancer.
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Key Words
- 1H–13C HMBC, 1H–13C Heteronuclear Multiple Bond Correlation Spectroscopy
- 1H–13C HSQC, 1H–13C Heteronuclear Single Quantum Coherence Spectroscopy
- 1H–1H COSY, 1H–1H Correlation Spectroscopy
- 1H–1H TOCSY, 1H–1H Total Correlation Spectroscopy
- ADP, Adenosine diphosphate
- AMP, Adenosine monophosphate
- ATP, Adenosine triphosphate
- Ace, Acetate
- Ach, Acetylcholine
- Ala, Alanine
- CRC, Colorectal Cancer
- Caco-2, Human Colon Adenocarcinoma
- Cho, Choline
- CoA, Coenzyme A
- Cre, Creatine
- DCFH-DA, Dichloro-Dihydro-Fluorescein Diacetate
- DEGs, Differentially Expressed Genes
- DMEM, Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium
- DMG, Dimethylglycine
- DNA, Deoxyribonucleic Acid
- EP, Eppendorf
- FA, Formate
- FDR, False Discovery Rate
- Fru, Fructose
- Fum, Fumaric acid
- GLS, Glutaminase
- GSEA, Gene Set Enrichment Analysis
- GSH, Glutathione
- Gal-1-P, Galactose-1-phosphate
- Glc, Glucose
- Gln, Glutamine
- Glu, Glutamate
- Gly, Glycine
- HCT116, Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cell Line
- HEK, Human Embryonic Kidney cells
- HT29, Human Colorectal Adenocarcinoma Cell Line with Epithelial Morphology
- His, Histidine
- Ile, Isoleucine
- J-Res, J-resolved Spectroscopy
- LDH, Lactate Dehydrogenase
- Lac, Lactate
- Leu, Leucine
- Lys, Lysine
- MCF-7, Human Breast Cancer Cell Line with Estrogen
- MCT, Monocarboxylate Transporters
- Met, Methionine
- MetS, Metabolic Syndrome
- Mitochondrial function
- NAD+, Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide
- NAG, N-Acetyl-L-Glutamine
- NMR, Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
- NMR-based Metabolomics
- NOESY, Nuclear Overhauser Effect Spectroscopy
- O-PLS-DA, Orthogonal Projection to the Latent Structures Discriminant Analysis
- PA, Pantothenate
- PC, Phosphocholine
- PCA, Principal Component Analysis
- PDC, Pyruvate Decarboxylase
- PDK, Pyruvate Dehydrogenase Kinase
- PKC, Protein Kinase C
- PPP, Pentose Phosphate Pathway
- Phe, Phenylalanine
- Pyr, Pyruvate
- RNA, Ribonucleic Acid
- ROS, Reactive Oxygen Species
- RPKM, Reads per Kilobase of Transcript per Million Reads Mapped
- Reactive oxygen species
- SCFAs, Short Chain Fatty Acids
- SLC, Solute-Carrier Genes
- Short-chain fatty acids
- Suc, Succinate
- T2DM, Type 2 Diabetes
- TCA, Tricarboxylic Acid
- Tau, Taurine
- Thr, Threonine
- Transcriptomics
- Tyr, Tyrosine
- UDP, Uridine 5′-diphosphate
- UDP-GLC, UDP Glucose
- UDPG, UDP Glucuronate
- UDPGs, UDP Glucose and UDP Glucuronate
- UMP, Uridine 5′-monophosphate
- Val, Valine
- WST-1, Water-Soluble Tetrazolium salts
- dDNP, dissolution Dynamic Nuclear Polarization
- qRT-PCR, Real-Time Quantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction
- α-KIV, α-Keto-isovalerate
- α-KMV, α-keto-β-methyl-valerate
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Affiliation(s)
- Chongyang Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Wenjun Deng
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Huan-Zhou Xu
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Infectious Diseases, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Chen Zhou
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Junfei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Qinjia Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Maili Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
| | - Jing Li
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China.,Optics Valley Laboratory, Hubei 430074, China
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Effects of Six Weeks of Hypoxia Exposure on Hepatic Fatty Acid Metabolism in ApoE Knockout Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101535. [PMID: 36294970 PMCID: PMC9605121 DOI: 10.3390/life12101535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease with a characteristic of abnormal lipid metabolism. In the present study, we employed apolipoprotein E knockout (ApoE KO) mice to investigate the effects of hypoxia exposure on hepatic fatty acid metabolism and to test whether a high-fat diet (HFD) would suppress the beneficial effect caused by hypoxia treatment. ApoE KO mice were fed a HFD for 12 weeks, and then were forwarded into a six-week experiment with four groups: HFD + normoxia, normal diet (ND) + normoxia, HFD + hypoxia exposure (HE), and ND + HE. The C57BL/6J wild type (WT) mice were fed a ND for 18 weeks as the baseline control. The hypoxia exposure was performed in daytime with normobaric hypoxia (11.2% oxygen, 1 h per time, three times per week). Body weight, food and energy intake, plasma lipid profiles, hepatic lipid contents, plasma alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and molecular/biochemical makers and regulators of the fatty acid synthesis and oxidation in the liver were measured at the end of interventions. Six weeks of hypoxia exposure decreased plasma triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) contents but did not change hepatic TG and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) levels in ApoE KO mice fed a HFD or ND. Furthermore, hypoxia exposure decreased the mRNA expression of Fasn, Scd1, and Srebp-1c significantly in the HFD + HE group compared with those in the HFD + normoxia group; after replacing a HFD with a ND, hypoxia treatment achieved more significant changes in the measured variables. In addition, the protein expression of HIF-1α was increased only in the ND + HE group but not in the HFD + HE group. Even though hypoxia exposure did not affect hepatic TG and NEFA levels, at the genetic level, the intervention had significant effects on hepatic metabolic indices of fatty acid synthesis, especially in the ND + HE group, while HFD suppressed the beneficial effect of hypoxia on hepatic lipid metabolism in male ApoE KO mice. The dietary intervention of shifting HFD to ND could be more effective in reducing hepatic lipid accumulation than hypoxia intervention.
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Wang J, Zhang Y, Wang X, Li F, Zhang D, Li X, Zhao Y, Zhao L, Xu D, Cheng J, Li W, Lin C, Yang X, Zhai R, Zeng X, Cui P, Ma Z, Liu J, Zhang X, Wang W. Association between rumen microbiota and marbling grade in Hu sheep. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:978263. [PMID: 36212835 PMCID: PMC9534374 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.978263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The marbling fat regulates the flavor of mutton and measures the fat density in the loin eye and is the most important parameter of carcass grading. The objective of this study was to explore the relationship of rumen microbiota and mutton marbling grade. One hundred and eighty-seven feedlot-finished Hu male lambs (Age: 180 day; Final BW: 46.32 ± 6.03 kg) were slaughtered, and ruminal contents and marbling grade were collected. Ruminal microbial DNA extraction and 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed to investigate microbial composition and to predict microbial metabolic pathways. The animal cohort was then grouped based on marbling grades [low marbling (LM), marbling grade ≤ 1; Medium marbling (MM), 1 < marbling grade ≤ 3; High Marbling (HM), 3 < marbling grade ≤ 5] and intramuscular fat-associated microorganisms were pinpointed using LEfSe and random forest classification model. Intramuscular fat content had significantly differences among the three groups (P < 0.05), and was significantly correlated with VFAs profiling. HM sheep showed a higher abundance of one bacterial taxon (Kandleria), and two taxa were overrepresented in the MM sheep (Pseudobutyrivibrio and Monoglobus), respectively. In addition, the main intramuscular fat deposition pathway was found to involve peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) fatty acid synthesis. By studying the effect of the ruminal microbiome on the marbling of sheep, the present study provides insights into the production of high-quality mutton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianghui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yukun Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fadi Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Deyin Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaolong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yuan Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Liming Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dan Xu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jiangbo Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Wenxin Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Changchun Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaobin Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhai
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiwen Zeng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Panpan Cui
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zongwu Ma
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Jia Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xiaoxue Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xiaoxue Zhang,
| | - Weimin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-Ecosystems, College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China
- Weimin Wang,
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Sun C, Wang Z, Hu L, Zhang X, Chen J, Yu Z, Liu L, Wu M. Targets of statins intervention in LDL-C metabolism: Gut microbiota. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:972603. [PMID: 36158845 PMCID: PMC9492915 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.972603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing researches have considered gut microbiota as a new “metabolic organ,” which mediates the occurrence and development of metabolic diseases. In addition, the liver is an important organ of lipid metabolism, and abnormal lipid metabolism can cause the elevation of blood lipids. Among them, elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) is related with ectopic lipid deposition and metabolic diseases, and statins are widely used to lower LDL-C. In recent years, the gut microbiota has been shown to mediate statins efficacy, both in animals and humans. The effect of statins on microbiota abundance has been deeply explored, and the pathways through which statins reduce the LDL-C levels by affecting the abundance of microbiota have gradually been explored. In this review, we discussed the interaction between gut microbiota and cholesterol metabolism, especially the cholesterol-lowering effect of statins mediated by gut microbiota, via AMPK-PPARγ-SREBP1C/2, FXR and PXR-related, and LPS-TLR4-Myd88 pathways, which may help to explain the individual differences in statins efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- ChangXin Sun
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - ZePing Wang
- Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - LanQing Hu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - XiaoNan Zhang
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - JiYe Chen
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - ZongLiang Yu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - LongTao Liu
- Xiyuan Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: LongTao Liu
| | - Min Wu
- Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Min Wu
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Li S, Liu G, Liu L, Li F. Methionine can subside hair follicle development prejudice of heat-stressed rex rabbits. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22464. [PMID: 35881391 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202200520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
In the present experiment, we study the function of methionine on hair follicle development in heat-stressed Rex Rabbits and its potential molecular mechanism. Rex rabbits were randomly divided into 5 groups (30 replicates per group): control group (20-25°C, fed basic diet), heat stress group (30-34°C, fed basic diet), heat stress + methionine group (30-34°C, fed 0.15% methionine in addition to the basic diet). fed basic diet (control), heat stress + methionine group (30-34°C, fed 0.3% methionine in addition to the basic diet), heat stress + methionine group (30-34°C, fed 0.45% methionine in addition to the basic diet). The results show that heat stress decreases the hair follicle density of Rex rabbits, and the diet methionine addition significantly increases the hair follicle density of heat-stressed Rabbits (p < .05). Heat stress increased serum HSP70 concentration and skin HSP70 gene expression, 0.15%-0.3% methionine but not 0.45% addition alleviated the effect of heat stress. Dietary 0.15% methionine addition significantly increases the gene expression of Wnt10b, β-catenin, LEF, FZD4, LRP6, Shh, HGF, EGF, and Noggin in heat-stressed Rex rabbits and observably decreases the gene expression of BMP2/4 and TGFb. There was no significant effect of methionine on the expression of IGF1 and FGF5/7 gene expression. In conclusion, methionine maybe promotes hair follicle development via TGFβ-BMP/Shh-Noggin, Wnt10b/β-catenin, EGF, and HGF signaling pathways in heat-stressed rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - Gongyan Liu
- Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agriculture University, Taian, China
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9
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Yue Z, Li C, Liu Y, Liu M, Zhao M, Li F, Liu L. Vitamin A alleviates heat stress-induced damage to hair follicle development in Rex rabbits. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2022; 102:2291-2299. [PMID: 34625979 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rex rabbits are important fur rabbits. Heat stress severely reduces the fur quality of Rex rabbits. The aim of this study was to experimentally investigate the effect of dietary vitamin A (VA) addition on hair follicle development and related signal pathways in Rex rabbits under heat stress. RESULTS In the experiment, 90 Rex rabbits were randomly divided into three groups: control group (20-25 °C, fed basic diet), heat stress group (30-34 °C, fed basic diet), and heat stress + VA group (20-25 °C, fed 12 000 IU/kg VA in addition to the basic diet). VA could significantly increase the hair follicle density (P < 0.01), hair length (P < 0.05), and the ratio of secondary to primary hair follicles (P < 0.05). In addition, VA could significantly inhibit the expression of BMP2, BMP4, FGF5, TGF-β1, and miR-214 in heat-stressed Rex rabbits and significantly increase the expression of noggin, IGF1, IGF1R, Wnt10b, CTNNB1, SHH, and miR-203 and the levels of Wnt10b and p-β-catenin; however, there was no significant effect of VA on the expression of EGF and miR-205. CONCLUSION The dietary addition of VA can increase the hair follicle density and fur quality of heat-stressed Rex rabbits. Wnt10/β-catenin, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), fibroblast growth factor 5 (FGF5), noggin-BMP, and sonic hedgehog (SHH) signaling were associated with VA regulation under heat stress. It is possible that miR-205 and miR-194 contribute to the regulation of Wnt10/β-catenin and bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengkai Yue
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Yongxu Liu
- Qingdao Kangda Food Co., Ltd., Qingdao, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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10
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Wang L, Jiao T, Yu Q, Wang J, Wang L, Wang G, Zhang H, Zhao J, Chen W. Bifidobacterium bifidum Shows More Diversified Ways of Relieving Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Compared with Bifidobacterium adolescentis. Biomedicines 2021; 10:biomedicines10010084. [PMID: 35052765 PMCID: PMC8772902 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The occurrence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely related to intestinal microbiota disturbance, and probiotics has become a new strategy to assist in alleviating NAFLD. In order to investigate the effect of Bifidobacterium on NAFLD and the possible pathway, a NAFLD model was established by using a high-fat diet (HFD) for 18 weeks. Fourteen strains of Bifidobacterium were selected (seven Bifidobacterium adolescentis and seven Bifidobacterium bifidum) for intervention. The effects of different bifidobacteria on NAFLD were evaluated from liver cell injury, liver fat deposition, liver inflammatory state and liver histopathology, and were taken as entry points to explore the mitigation approaches of bifidobacteria through energy intake, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism and intestinal permeability. The results showed that Bifidobacterium exerts species-specific effects on NAFLD. B. bifidum exerted these effects mainly through regulating the intestinal microbiota, increasing the relative abundance of Faecalibaculum and Lactobacillus, decreasing the relative abundance of Tyzzerella, Escherichia-Shigella, Intestinimonas, Osillibacter and Ruminiclostridium, and further increasing the contents of propionic acid and butyric acid, regulating lipid metabolism and intestinal permeability, and ultimately inhibiting liver inflammation and fat accumulation to alleviate NAFLD. B. adolescentis exerted its effects mainly through changing the intestinal microbiota, increasing the content of propionic acid, regulating lipid metabolism and ultimately inhibiting liver inflammation to alleviate NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Dairy Biotechnology, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Dairy Biotechnology, Dairy Research Institute, Bright Dairy & Food Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200436, China;
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (T.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.W.); (L.W.); (G.W.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Ting Jiao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (T.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.W.); (L.W.); (G.W.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qiangqing Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (T.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.W.); (L.W.); (G.W.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jialiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (T.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.W.); (L.W.); (G.W.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (T.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.W.); (L.W.); (G.W.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (T.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.W.); (L.W.); (G.W.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (T.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.W.); (L.W.); (G.W.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- Wuxi Translational Medicine Research Center, Jiangsu Translational Medicine Research Institute, Wuxi Branch, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (T.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.W.); (L.W.); (G.W.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-510-8591-2155
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China; (T.J.); (Q.Y.); (J.W.); (L.W.); (G.W.); (H.Z.); (W.C.)
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
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11
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Li Y, Fu C, Liu L, Liu Y, Li F. mTOR and ERK1/2 signaling participate in the process of acetate regulating lipid metabolism and HSL expression. Anim Biosci 2021; 35:1444-1453. [PMID: 34727637 PMCID: PMC9449403 DOI: 10.5713/ab.21.0341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Acetate plays an important role in host lipid metabolism. However, the network of acetate-regulated lipid metabolism remains unclear. Previous studies show that mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) play a crucial role in lipid metabolism. We hypothesize that acetate could affect MAPKs and/or mTOR signaling and then regulate lipid metabolism. The present study investigated whether any cross talk occurs among MAPKs, mTOR and acetate in regulating lipid metabolism. Methods The ceramide C6 (an extracellular signaling-regulated kinases 1 and 2 [ERK1/2] activator) and MHY1485 (a mTOR activator) were used to treat rabbit adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) with or without acetate, respectively. Results It indicated that acetate (9 mM) treatment for 48 h decreased the lipid deposition in rabbit ADSCs. Acetate treatment decreased significantly phosphorylated protein levels of ERK1/2 and mTOR but significantly increased mRNA level of hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL). Acetate treatment did not significantly alter the phosphorylated protein level of p38 MAPK and c-Jun aminoterminal kinase (JNK). Activation of ERK1/2 and mTOR by respective addition in media with ceramide C6 and MHY1485 significantly attenuated decreased lipid deposition and increased HSL expression caused by acetate. Conclusion Our results suggest that ERK1/2 and mTOR signaling pathways are associated with acetate regulated HSL gene expression and lipid deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujuan Li
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chunyan Fu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.,Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong 250023, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Yongxu Liu
- Qingdao Kangda Food Co., LTD., Qingdao, Shandong 266555, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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12
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Li W, Deng M, Gong J, Zhang X, Ge S, Zhao L. Sodium Acetate Inhibit TGF-β1-Induced Activation of Hepatic Stellate Cells by Restoring AMPK or c-Jun Signaling. Front Nutr 2021; 8:729583. [PMID: 34660662 PMCID: PMC8515000 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.729583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are crucial gut microbial metabolites that play a major role in the occurrence and development of hepatic fibrosis (HF). However, the effect of SCFAs on hepatic stellate cells (HSCs), the major pro-fibrogenic cells, is yet undefined. In this study, the effects of three major SCFAs (acetate, propionate, and butyrate) were assessed on the activation of HSCs. LX2 cells were activated with TGF-β1 and treated with sodium acetate (NaA), sodium propionate (NaP), or sodium butyrate (NaB). SCFA treatment significantly reduced the protein levels of α-SMA and the phosphorylation of Smad2 and decreased the mRNA expression of Acta2/Col1a1/Fn in cells compared to the TGF-β1 treatment. Among the three SCFAs, NaA revealed the best efficacy at alleviating TGF-β1-induced LX2 cell activation. Additionally, acetate accumulated in the cells, and G protein-coupled receptor (GPR) 43 silencing did not have any impact on the inhibition of LX2 cell activation by NaA. These findings indicated that NaA enters into the cells to inhibit LX2 cell activation independent of GPR43. The results of phosphokinase array kit and Western blot indicated that NaA increased the AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) activation and reduced the phosphorylation of c-Jun in cultured LX2 cells, and siRNA-peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) -γ abolished the inhibitory effects of NaA against TGF-β1-induced LX2 cell activation. In conclusion, this study showed that NaA inhibited LX2 cell activation by activating the AMPK/PPARγ and blocking the c-Jun signaling pathways. Thus, SCFAs might represent a novel and viable approach for alleviating HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mingjuan Deng
- Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Gong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoying Zhang
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Shaoyang Ge
- Hebei Engineering Research Center of Animal Product, Sanhe, China
| | - Liang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Dairy, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Nutrition and Health, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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13
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Liu M, Li C, Tang H, Gong M, Yue Z, Zhao M, Liu L, Li F. Dietary lysine supplementation improves growth performance and skeletal muscle development in rabbits fed a low protein diet. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:1118-1129. [PMID: 34496098 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects on growth of Lysine (Lys) supplementation in a low protein diet. We also investigated the gene or protein expression related to skeletal muscle development and intestinal amino acid transporters, and determined the major signalling associated with Lys-regulating skeletal muscle development. 1000 healthy, weights averaging 938.6 ± 6.54 g weaned rabbits were randomly divided into five groups (five replicates in each group and 40 rabbits in each replicate). These groups consisted of the normal protein group (NP group, consuming a diet containing 16.27% protein), the low protein group (LP group, 14.15%-14.19% protein) and the LP group with an addition of 0.15%, 0.3% or 0.45% Lys. The trial included 7 d of pre-feeding and 28 d of exposure to the treatment. Compared with NP diet and LP diet, LP+0.3% Lys group improved growth performance (p < 0.05), full-bore weight and half-bore weight of rabbits (p < 0.05). The LP+0.3% Lys group also resulted in a decrease in the excretion of faecal nitrogen and urinary nitrogen (FN; UN; p < 0.05), and an increase in nitrogen utilisation rate (NUR; p < 0.05). LP diet increased the mRNA expression of MSTN and WWP1, and decreased the mRNA expression of IGF1 (p < 0.05). LP diet decreased the protein expression of P-P70S6K1, P-4EBP1 and P-S6 (p < 0.05). LP+0.3% Lys group attenuated the effects of LP diet on the expression of MSTN, WWP1, IGF1, P-P70S6K1, P-4EBP1 and P-S6 (p < 0.05). LP+0.3% Lys group resulted in an increase in mRNA expression of MyoD and protein expression of P-mTOR relative to the NP and LP groups (p < 0.05). In summary, the addition of Lys to a LP diet provides a theoretical basis for the popularisation and application of Lys in rabbit production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqi Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Chenyang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Haojia Tang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Maohua Gong
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Zhengkai Yue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
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Zheng J, Zheng C, Song B, Guo Q, Zhong Y, Zhang S, Zhang L, Duan G, Li F, Duan Y. HMB Improves Lipid Metabolism of Bama Xiang Mini-Pigs via Modulating the Bacteroidetes-Acetic Acid-AMPKα Axis. Front Microbiol 2021; 12:736997. [PMID: 34484171 PMCID: PMC8415715 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2021.736997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we used Bama Xiang mini-pigs to explore the effects of different dietary β-hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate (HMB) levels (0, 0.13, 0.64 or 1.28%) on lipid metabolism of adipose tissue. Results showed that HMB decreased the fat percentage of pigs (linearly, P < 0.05), and the lowest value was observed in the 0.13% HMB group. Moreover, the colonic acetic acid concentration and the relative Bacteroidetes abundance were increased in response to HMB supplementation (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis identified a positive correlation between the relative Bacteroidetes abundance and acetic acid production, and a negative correlation between fat percentage and the relative Bacteroidetes abundance or acetic acid production. HMB also upregulated the phosphorylation (p) of AMPKα, Sirt1, and FoxO1, and downregulated the p-mTOR expression. Collectively, these findings indicate that reduced fat percentage in Bama Xiang mini-pigs could be induced by HMB supplementation and the mechanism might be associated with the Bacteroidetes-acetic acid-AMPKα axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changbing Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiuping Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yinzhao Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Shiyu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Lingyu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Geyan Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China.,College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fengna Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Yehui Duan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutritional Physiology and Metabolic Process, National Engineering Laboratory for Pollution Control and Waste Utilization in Livestock and Poultry Production, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, China
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15
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Wan XM, Chen J, Wang M, Zheng C, Zhou XL. Puerarin attenuates cadmium-induced hepatic lipid metabolism disorder by inhibiting oxidative stress and inflammation in mice. J Inorg Biochem 2021; 222:111521. [PMID: 34171769 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2021.111521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a common environmental pollutant with known toxic effects on the liver. Puerarin (PU), a natural flavonoid, has been shown to exert protective effect in numerous pathological processes. However, whether PU affords protection in Cd-induced liver damage is still equivocal. Therefore, 40 mice were treated with Cd and/or PU by gavage for 9 weeks, then the serum and liver samples were collected to verify this issue. In this study, Cd exposure triggered hepatic lipid metabolism disorders and resultant liver damage as evidenced by Oil Red O staining and total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) levels in serum and liver, aspartate transaminase (AST) and alanine transaminase (ALT) levels in serum, and histopathology, which were significantly improved by PU. Moreover, PU also normalized the expression of Cd-disturbed lipid metabolism-related proteins to improve lipid accumulation, contributing to the alleviation of liver injury. Moreover, Cd-decreased antioxidative indices superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and catalase (CAT) as well as glutathione (GSH) in hepatic tissues were significantly attenuated by PU administration, while Cd-elevated hepatic malondialdehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were markedly down-regulated by PU treatment, demonstrating the antioxidant effect of PU against Cd exposure. In addition, PU supplementation increased the anti-inflammatory potential, and normalized the levels of proinflammatory cytokines during Cd exposure. In conclusion, these observations demonstrate that PU treatment decreases oxidative stress and inflammation response, which may contribute to prevent Cd-induced lipid metabolism disorder and consequent liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Mei Wan
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072,China
| | - Jing Chen
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072,China
| | - Min Wang
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072,China
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
| | - Xue-Lei Zhou
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, No. 39 Shi-er-qiao Road, Chengdu, Sichuan 610072,China.
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16
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Intracellular Staphylococcus aureus inhibits autophagy of bovine mammary epithelial cells through activating p38α. J DAIRY RES 2021; 88:293-301. [PMID: 34425921 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029921000649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Staphylococcus aureus is a common pathogen of bovine mastitis which can induce autophagy and inhibit autophagy flux, resulting in intracellular survival and persistent infection. The aim of the current study was to investigate the role of p38α in the autophagy induced by intracellular S. aureus in bovine mammary epithelial cells. An intracellular infection model of MAC-T cells was constructed, and activation of p38α was examined after S. aureus invasion. Through activating/inhibiting p38α by anisomycin/SB203580, the autophagosomes, LC3 and p62 level were analyzed by immunofluorescence and western blot. To further study the detailed mechanism of p38α, phosphorylation of ULK1ser757 was also detected. The results showed that intracellular S. aureus activated p38α, and the activation developed in a time-dependent manner. Inhibition of p38α promoted intracellular S. aureus-induced autophagy flow, up-regulated the ratio of LC3 II/I, reduced the level of p62 and inhibited the phosphorylation of ULK1ser757, whereas the above results were reversed after activation of p38α. The current study indicated that intracellular S. aureus can inhibit autophagy flow by activating p38α in bovine mammary epithelial cells.
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Liu S, Zhao L, Xiao X, Jiang W, Ju Z, Tian M, Li H, Lin H. Acetate promotes lipogenesis in adipocytes but not in hepatocytes of chickens. Br Poult Sci 2021; 63:54-61. [PMID: 34309437 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2021.1960950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
1.The role of acetate in lipogenesis of chickens remains largely unknown. This trial investigated the effect of sodium acetate (SA) on chicken fat metabolism via in vivo and in vitro experiments.2.The results indicated that supplementation of SA (1.0 g/kg feed) showed marginal to moderate stimulation on the area of the abdominal fat cells and triglyceride (TG) content in liver and adipose tissues. It increased the transcription of some genes involved in fat synthesis and deposition, but did not affect free fatty acid receptor 2 (FFAR2) expression in either liver or abdominal fat.3. In cultured hepatocytes treated with 0.01 mM to 5 mM SA, although mRNA levels of ACC1, PPAR, SREBP-1 c, and FFAR2 were upregulated with SA at certain concentrations, TG content and protein expression of lipogenic genes and FFAR2 were not altered at any dosages. In adipogenic differentiation of preadipocytes, high concentrations of SA (5 mM) exhibited significant increments in TG content and accumulated fat droplets, associated with stimulated transcription of FAS, LPL, AD, FABP4, and FFAR2, as well as elevated protein expression of FABP4 and FFAR2.4. The results showed that adipocytes were more sensitive to acetate than hepatocytes in chickens. While acetate played a minor role in hepatic fat metabolism, it promoted lipogenesis in adipocytes via FFAR2 with the involvement of FAS, LPL, and FABP4.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - L Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - X Xiao
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - W Jiang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - Z Ju
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - M Tian
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - H Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
| | - H Lin
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an, China
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18
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Li C, Chen J, Zhao M, Liu M, Yue Z, Liu L, Li F. Effect of sodium butyrate on slaughter performance, serum indexes and intestinal barrier of rabbits. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 106:156-166. [PMID: 34096104 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 03/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of sodium butyrate on slaughter performance, serum indexes and the intestinal barrier in rabbits. Six hundred healthy weaned rabbits were randomly divided into three groups (5 replicates per group, 40 rabbits per replicate): control (fed a basal diet), sodium butyrate (fed a basal diet containing 0.5% sodium butyrate) and antibiotic (fed a basal diet containing 0.004% antibiotic). The trial lasted 35 days, including 7 days of pretesting and 28 days of formal testing. The results showed that dietary sodium butyrate supplementation increased the full-bore weight, the half-bore weight and the half-bore rate of rabbits. Meanwhile, the content of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) in serum was increased in rabbits fed the sodium butyrate diet. According to the intestinal barrier, after adding sodium butyrate to feed, the tight junction function of the rabbit intestine is enhanced, and the intestinal microbial composition is also improved. To sum up, after sodium butyrate was added to feed instead of antibiotics, slaughter performance was significantly enhanced, serum indexes were improved, and intestinal barrier function was also enhanced. Therefore, sodium butyrate can be added to feed as an additive and can replace antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Jiali Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Man Zhao
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Mengqi Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Zhengkai Yue
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, China
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Oh S, Son M, Byun KA, Jang JT, Choi CH, Son KH, Byun K. Attenuating Effects of Dieckol on High-Fat Diet-Induced Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease by Decreasing the NLRP3 Inflammasome and Pyroptosis. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:318. [PMID: 34070893 PMCID: PMC8227003 DOI: 10.3390/md19060318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), which promotes serious health problems, is related to the increase in the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome and pyroptosis by a high-fat diet (HFD). Whether dieckol (DK), a component of Ecklonia cava extracts (ECE), attenuated NAFLD in an HFD-induced NAFLD animal model was evaluated. The expression of high mobility group box 1/Toll-like receptor 4/nuclear factor-κB, which initiated the NLRP3 inflammasome, was increased in the liver of HFD-fed animals and significantly decreased with ECE or DK administration. The expression of NLRP3/ASC/caspase-1, which are components of the NLRP3 inflammasome, and the number of pyroptotic cells were increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The accumulation of triglycerides and free fatty acids in the liver was increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The histological NAFLD score was increased by HFD and decreased with ECE or DK administration. The expression of lipogenic genes (FASN, SREBP-2, PPARγ, and FABP4) increased and that of lipolytic genes (PPARα, CPT1A, ATGL, and HSL) was decreased by HFD and attenuated with ECE or DK administration. In conclusion, ECE or DK attenuated NAFLD by decreasing the NLRP3 inflammasome and pyroptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyeon Oh
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
| | - Myeongjoo Son
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Kyung-A Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
| | - Ji Tae Jang
- Aqua Green Technology Co., Ltd., Smart Bldg., Jeju Science Park, Cheomdan-ro, Jeju 63309, Korea;
| | - Chang Hu Choi
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kuk Hui Son
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Gachon University Gil Medical Center, Gachon University, Incheon 21565, Korea;
| | - Kyunghee Byun
- Functional Cellular Networks Laboratory, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, Graduate School and Lee Gil Ya Cancer and Diabetes Institute, Gachon University, Incheon 21999, Korea; (S.O.); (M.S.); (K.-A.B.)
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Gachon University College of Medicine, Incheon 21936, Korea
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20
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Wang X, Liu Z, Zhao J, Jiao H, Lin H. Dusk feeding in laying hens is shifted by light program via involvement of clock genes. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2021; 105:1103-1112. [PMID: 33774881 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 02/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Dusk feeding is practised probably to satisfy the energy requirement during night. However, little is known on the changes with clock gene expressions during this feeding behaviour. In our present study, the linkage of clock gene expressions and feeding behaviour in dusk feeding was investigated in laying hens under two lighting programs: the conventional lighting program (Control) with a light period from 05:00 AM to 21:00 PM and a dark period from 21:00 PM to 05:00 AM; or the shifted lighting program group (SLP) with a light period from 02:00 AM to 18:00 PM and a dark period from 18:00 PM to 02:00 AM. The gene expression-related appetite and circadian rhythm were investigated in hypothalamus and proventriculus at 1, 3 and 5 h before scotophase. The results demonstrated that dusk feeding was synchronously shifted with altered lighting program, dusk feeding was observed from 5 h before scotophase in both groups. The expressions of anorexigenic gene proopiomelanocortin (POMC) and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript (CART) were downregulated (p < 0.05) during dusk feeding and changed in pace with lighting program. The expressions of clock gene period 2 (Per2) and cryptochrome 1 (Cry1) in hypothalamus were downregulated (p < 0.05) during dusk feeding and shifted by lighting program. In the proventriculus, ghrelin expression was decreased (p < 0.05) during dusk feeding by lighting program. In conclusion, the expressions of clock genes Per2 and Cry1 are linked with the downregulated expressions of anorexigenic genes, POMC and CART, and in turn the augmented feed intake at dusk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China
| | - Zengmin Liu
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China
| | - Jingpeng Zhao
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China
| | - Hongchao Jiao
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China
| | - Hai Lin
- Department of Animal Science & Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, Shandong, China
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21
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Liu L, Fu C, Liu Y, Li F. Acetate stimulates lipogenesis via AMPKα signaling in rabbit adipose-derived stem cells. Gen Comp Endocrinol 2021; 303:113715. [PMID: 33444628 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygcen.2021.113715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Acetate plays an important role in host lipid metabolism. However, the regulatory network underlying acetate-regulated lipometabolism remains unclear. The aim of this study was to determine whether any cross talk occurs among adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK), mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) and acetate in regulating lipid metabolism. The compound C (an AMPK inhibitor), and SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) were used to treat rabbit adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) with or without acetate, respectively. It indicated that acetate (6 mM) for 6 h increased the lipid deposition in rabbit ADSCs. Besides, acetate treatment (6 mM) increased significantly phosphorylated protein level of AMPKα and p38 MAPK, but not altered significantly the phosphorylated protein level of extracellular signaling-regulated kinase (ERK) and c-Jun aminoterminal kinase (JNK). The blocking of AMPKα signaling attenuated acetate-induced lipid accumulation, but not that of p38 MAPK signaling. In conclusion, our findings suggest that AMPKα signaling pathway is associated with acetate-induced lipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Chunyan Fu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China; Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Science, Jinan, Shandong 250023, China
| | - Yongxu Liu
- Qingdao Kangda Food Co., LTD., Qingdao 266555, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China.
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22
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Liu J, Dong C, Zhai Z, Tang L, Wang L. Glyphosate-induced lipid metabolism disorder contributes to hepatotoxicity in juvenile common carp. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 269:116186. [PMID: 33302084 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Residues of glyphosate (GLY) are widely detected in aquatic systems, raising potential environmental threats and public health concerns, but the mechanism underlying GLY-induced hepatotoxicity in fish has not been fully elucidated yet. This study was designed to explore the hepatotoxic mechanism using juvenile common carp exposed to GLY for 45 d, and plasma and liver samples were collected at 15 d, 30 d, and 45 d to analyze the assays. First, GLY-induced hepatic damage was confirmed by serum liver damage biomarker and hepatic histopathological analysis. Next, changes in oxidative stress biomarkers, gene expression levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, and lipid metabolism-related parameters in collected samples were analyzed to clarify their roles in GLY-induced hepatic damage. Data showed that oxidative stress was an early event during GLY exposure, followed by hepatic inflammatory response. Lipid metabolism disorder was a late event during GLY exposure, as evidenced by overproduced hepatic free fatty acids, enhanced lipogenesis-related gene expression levels, reduced lipolysis-related gene expression levels, and resultant hepatic lipid accumulation. Collectively, these findings demonstrate that GLY induces hepatotoxicity in fish through involvement of oxidative stress, inflammatory response, and lipid metabolism disorder, which are intimately interrelated with each other during GLY exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingbo Liu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Chenyu Dong
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 600 Tianhe Road, Tianhe District, Guangzhou City, Guangdong Province, 510000, China
| | - Zhenzhen Zhai
- Tai'an City Central Hospital, 29 Longtan Road, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271000, China
| | - Liang Tang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China
| | - Lin Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China; Shandong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center of Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Street, Tai'an City, Shandong Province, 271018, China.
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Modulation of Short-Chain Fatty Acids as Potential Therapy Method for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 2021:6632266. [PMID: 33488888 PMCID: PMC7801078 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6632266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the relationship between intestinal microbiota (IM) and the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has attracted much attention. The beneficial effects of IM on the metabolic phenotype of the host are often considered to be mediated by short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), mainly acetate, butyrate, and propionate, the small-molecule metabolites derived from microbial fermentation of indigestible carbohydrates. SCFAs not only have an essential role in intestinal health but might also enter the systemic circulation as signaling molecules affecting the host's metabolism. In this review, we summarize the effects of SCFAs on glucose homeostasis and energy homeostasis and the mechanism through which SCFAs regulate the function of metabolically active organs (brain, liver, adipose tissue, skeletal muscle, and pancreas) and discuss the potential role of modulation of SCFAs as a therapeutic method for T2DM.
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Li C, Chen X, Zhang B, Liu L, Li F. Sodium butyrate improved intestinal barrier in rabbits. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1847209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chenyang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaoyang Chen
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Bin Zhang
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Lei Liu
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
| | - Fuchang Li
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Department of Animal Science, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, China
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25
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High fat diet-triggered non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A review of proposed mechanisms. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 330:109199. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Sodium butyrate promotes milk fat synthesis in bovine mammary epithelial cells via GPR41 and its downstream signalling pathways. Life Sci 2020; 259:118375. [PMID: 32891612 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Short-chain fatty acids were reported to be the precursors of milk fat and can stimulate the de novo synthesis of fatty acids in bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs). However, the mechanism has not been elucidated. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sodium butyrate (NaB) on milk fat synthesis in bMECs and explore its potential mechanism. METHODS Bovine mammary epithelial cells (bMECs) were isolated for subsequent experimental uses. BODIPY staining and triglyceride kit were used to detect the milk fat synthesis in bMECs. Western blotting and RT-PCR assays were performed to detect the expression of related genes in bMECs. Immunoprecipitation was used to detect the acetylation of SREBP1 in bMECs. RESULTS The results showed that NaB significantly promoted milk fat synthesis, promoted the activity of mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and S6 kinase (S6K), inhibited the activity of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), and promoted the gene expression of G protein-coupled receptor 41 (GPR41). Knockdown of GPR41 and sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) and overexpression of sirtuin1 (SIRT1), mTOR inhibitor (rapamycin), and AMPK activator (AICIR) eliminated these effects. These results indicated that NaB increased the nuclear translocation of SREBP1 via the GPR41/AMPK/mTOR/S6K signalling pathway, promoted the acetylation of mature SREBP1a via GPR41/AMPK/SIRT1, and then promoted milk fat synthesis. CONCLUSION Taken together, these results demonstrated that NaB increased nuclear translocation and acetylation of SREBP1 to promote milk fat synthesis by activating GPR41 and its downstream signalling pathways.
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27
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Nakano T, Uchiyama K, Ushiroda C, Kashiwagi S, Toyokawa Y, Mizushima K, Inoue K, Dohi O, Okayama T, Yoshida N, Katada K, Kamada K, Handa O, Ishikawa T, Takagi T, Konishi H, Naito Y, Itoh Y. Promotion of wound healing by acetate in murine colonic epithelial cell via c-Jun N-terminal kinase activation. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2020; 35:1171-1179. [PMID: 31961456 DOI: 10.1111/jgh.14987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Mucosal healing is an important clinical goal in patients with inflammatory bowel disease. Recently, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) have been reported to have multifaceted effects to host. However, the effects of SCFAs on wound healing in intestinal epithelial cells are unclear. In the present study, we investigated the effects of acetate, one of the major SCFAs, on the wound healing of murine colonic epithelial cells. METHODS Young adult mouse colonic epithelial cells were used to determine the effect of acetate using wound healing assay. Mitogen-activated protein kinase and Rho kinase inhibitor were used to elucidate intracellular signal of wound healing treated with acetate. Meanwhile, Rho activation assays were utilized to measure Rho activation levels. To assess in vivo effects, C57B6 mice with dextran sodium sulfate for 7 days were treated with enema administration of acetate for 7 days. Body weight, disease activity index, colon length, and mucosal break ratio in histology were examined. RESULTS Acetate enhanced wound healing and fluorescence intensity of actin stress fiber compared with control. These effects were canceled with pretreatment of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) inhibitor or Rho kinase inhibitor. Furthermore, JNK inhibitor reduced the activation of Rho induced by acetate. In the dextran sodium sulfate-induced colitis model, the mice with enema treatment of acetate significantly exhibited recovery. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we demonstrated that acetate promoted murine colonic epithelial cell wound healing via activation of JNK and Rho signaling pathways. These findings suggested that acetate could have applications as a therapeutic agent for patients with intestinal mucosal damage, such as inflammatory bowel disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Nakano
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Japanese Red Cross Society Kyoto Daiichi Hospital, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Uchiyama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Chihiro Ushiroda
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Saori Kashiwagi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuki Toyokawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Katsura Mizushima
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Inoue
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Dohi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Okayama
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, North Center of Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naohisa Yoshida
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Katada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, North Center of Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kamada
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Osamu Handa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan.,Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Medical School, Kurashiki, Japan
| | - Takeshi Ishikawa
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tomohisa Takagi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Konishi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yuji Naito
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshito Itoh
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
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Le-Tian Z, Cheng-Zhang H, Xuan Z, Zhang Q, Zhen-Gui Y, Qing-Qing W, Sheng-Xuan W, Zhong-Jin X, Ran-Ran L, Ting-Jun L, Zhong-Qu S, Zhong-Hua W, Ke-Rong S. Protein acetylation in mitochondria plays critical functions in the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease. BMC Genomics 2020; 21:435. [PMID: 32586350 PMCID: PMC7318365 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-06837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty liver is a high incidence of perinatal disease in dairy cows caused by negative energy balance, which seriously threatens the postpartum health and milk production. It has been reported that lysine acetylation plays an important role in substance and energy metabolism. Predictably, most metabolic processes in the liver, as a vital metabolic organ, are subjected to acetylation. Comparative acetylome study were used to quantify the hepatic tissues from the severe fatty liver group and normal group. Combined with bioinformatics analysis, this study provides new insights for the role of acetylation modification in fatty liver disease of dairy cows. RESULTS We identified 1841 differential acetylation sites on 665 proteins. Among of them, 1072 sites on 393 proteins were quantified. Functional enrichment analysis shows that higher acetylated proteins are significantly enriched in energy metabolic pathways, while lower acetylated proteins are significantly enriched in pathways related to immune response, such as drug metabolism and cancer. Among significantly acetylated proteins, many mitochondrial proteins were identified to be interacting with multiple proteins and involving in lipid metabolism. Furthermore, this study identified potential important proteins, such as HADHA, ACAT1, and EHHADH, which may be important regulatory factors through modification of acetylation in the development of fatty liver disease in dairy cows and possible therapeutic targets for NAFLD in human beings. CONCLUSION This study provided a comprehensive acetylome profile of fatty liver of dairy cows, and revealed important biological pathways associated with protein acetylation occurred in mitochondria, which were involved in the regulation of the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease. Furthermore, potential important proteins, such as HADHA, ACAT1, EHHADH, were predicted to be essential regulators during the pathogenesis of fatty liver disease. The work would contribute to the understanding the pathogenesis of NAFLD, and inspire in the development of new therapeutic strategies for NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Le-Tian
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Hu Cheng-Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Zhang Xuan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhen-Gui
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qing-Qing
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Wang Sheng-Xuan
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhong-Jin
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Li Ran-Ran
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Liu Ting-Jun
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Su Zhong-Qu
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Wang Zhong-Hua
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China
| | - Shi Ke-Rong
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Street, Taian, Shandong, 271018, P. R. China.
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Brütting C, Lara Bisch M, Brandsch C, Hirche F, Stangl GI. Impact of dietary propionate on fructose-induced changes in lipid metabolism, gut microbiota and short-chain fatty acids in mice. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2020; 72:160-173. [PMID: 32498647 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2020.1773415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Propionate has antimicrobial activity and is suggested to influence lipid metabolism. Here, we investigated the effect of propionate on lipid metabolism and the gut microbiome in fructose-fed mice as a model of diet-induced steatosis and gut dysbiosis. Therefore, 48 male wild-type mice were fed isoenergetic diets with either 0% fructose (F-) or 40% fructose (F+) that contained 0% propionate (P-) or 1% propionate (P+) for 7 weeks. Mice that received the F+ diets developed fatty livers, had fewer small intestinal proteobacteria and colonic actinobacteria and were characterised by changes in bacterial genera (e.g., Allobaculum, Lachnospiraceae, and Escherichia). Interestingly, mice fed the F+ diets had higher levels of propionate and butyrate in the circulation than mice fed the F- diets (p < 0.05). Treatment with propionate influenced neither hepatic or plasma lipids nor levels of circulating SCFAs. With the exception of Verrucomicrobia, other bacterial phyla were not affected by propionate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Brütting
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Milena Lara Bisch
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Corinna Brandsch
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Frank Hirche
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Gabriele I Stangl
- Institute of Agricultural and Nutritional Sciences, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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Chen X, Yang G, Zhang B, Li F, Liu L, Li F. Effects of manganese-supplemented diets on growth performance, blood biochemistry, nitrogen metabolism and skeletal development of rex rabbits. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 61:126543. [PMID: 32388450 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
(Background) Manganese (Mn) is an essential mineral, although its effects on rabbits is not clear. (Research Purpose) This study was conducted to investigate the effects of the level of supplementation of dietary manganese on growth performance, blood biochemistry, nitrogen metabolism and skeletal development of growing Rex rabbits. (Methods) Two hundred 3-month-old healthy Rex rabbits with similar body weights were randomly divided into 5 groups (A, B, C, D, E), with 40 replicates in each group. The rabbits in the 5 groups were fed a basal diet containing 0, 5, 10, 20 and 40 mg/kg manganese (in the form of manganese sulfate), respectively. The trial included 7 days for adaptation and 29 days of testing. Seven days before the end of feeding, eight rabbits from each group were transferred into a metabolic cage for metabolic testing. (Results) The results showed that supplemental dietary manganese levels did not significantly influence final body weight (FBW) or average daily feed intake (ADFI) (P>0.05). Average daily gains (ADG) were significantly higher in the 20 mg/kg manganese group than in the other groups, and the ratio of feed to body weight gain (F/G) was significantly affected by manganese level (P < 0.05). No significant differences were found in the digestion coefficients among the groups (P > 0.05). Regarding carcass traits, the thymus index and total fat were significantly different (P < 0.05) among the groups, but there were no other significant differences (P > 0.05). The addition of manganese had no significant effect on the intake of nitrogen (IN), fecal nitrogen (FN), digestible nitrogen (DN) or the apparent digestibility of nitrogen (NAD). Compared to the other groups, urinary nitrogen (UN) was lower in the 20 mg/kg group, although nitrogen deposition (RN), nitrogen utilization (NUR) and the biological potency of nitrogen (NBV) were higher in this group (P < 0.05). As the amount of manganese added to the diet increased, serum triglycerides decreased (P < 0.05). Serum Mn-SOD was significantly lower in the 5 mg/kg manganese group than in the other groups (P < 0.05). The results of this study demonstrate that a diet with supplemented manganese can improve Rex rabbit growth performance and increase RN, NUR and NBV. There were no significant effects of different dietary levels of Mn on the ratio of bone to meat (P > 0.05) or bone strength (P < 0.05). (Conclusion) In conclusion, we determined that the optimal level of manganese supplementation in the diet of growing Rex rabbits was 20 mg/kg, which was also found to reduce nitrogen emissions into the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology of the Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Avenue, Shandong 271000, China.
| | - Guoyu Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology of the Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Avenue, Shandong 271000, China.
| | - Bin Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology of the Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Avenue, Shandong 271000, China.
| | - Fan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology of the Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Avenue, Shandong 271000, China.
| | - Lei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology of the Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Avenue, Shandong 271000, China.
| | - Fuchang Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology of the Shandong Agricultural University, 61 Daizong Avenue, Shandong 271000, China.
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Shi K, Li R, Xu Z, Zhang Q. Identification of Crucial Genetic Factors, Such as PPARγ, that Regulate the Pathogenesis of Fatty Liver Disease in Dairy Cows Is Imperative for the Sustainable Development of Dairy Industry. Animals (Basel) 2020; 10:E639. [PMID: 32272794 PMCID: PMC7222768 DOI: 10.3390/ani10040639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequently occurring fatty liver disease in dairy cows during the perinatal period, a typical type of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), results in worldwide high culling rates of dairy cows (averagely about 25%) after calving. This has been developing into a critical industrial problem throughout the world, because the metabolic disease severely affects the welfare and economic value of dairy cows. Findings about the molecular mechanisms how the fatty liver disease develops would help scientists to discover novel therapeutic targets for NAFLD. Studies have shown that PPARγ participates or regulates the fat deposition in liver by affecting the biological processes of hepatic lipid metabolism, insulin resistance, gluconeogenesis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation, which all contribute to fatty liver. This review mainly focuses on crucial regulatory mechanisms of PPARγ regulating lipid deposition in the liver via direct and/or indirect pathways, suggesting that PPARγ might be a potential critical therapeutic target for fatty liver disease, however, it would be of our significant interest to reveal the pathology and pathogenesis of NAFLD by using dairy cows with fatty liver as an animal model. This review will provide a molecular mechanism basis for understanding the pathogenesis of NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerong Shi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bioengineering and Disease Prevention, College of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, Shandong, China; (R.L.); (Z.X.); (Q.Z.)
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Liu H, Liu L, Li F. Effects of glucocorticoids on the gene expression of nutrient transporters in different rabbit intestinal segments. Animal 2020; 14:1693-1700. [PMID: 32148213 DOI: 10.1017/s1751731120000245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucocorticoids (GCs) are counterregulatory hormones with broad effects on the digestion and absorption of dietary carbohydrates, lipids and proteins, but the underlying molecular mechanisms of these effects remain unclear. The present experiment was conducted to investigate the main expression sites of nutrient transporters and the effects of GCs on the gene expression of these transporters in the rabbit small intestine. The results showed that peptide transporter 1 (PepT1), facultative amino acid transporter (rBAT), neutral amino acid transporter (B0AT), excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3), sodium-glucose transporter 1 (SGLT1) and glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5) were mainly expressed in the distal segment, glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2) and fatty-acid-binding protein 4 (FATP4) were mainly expressed in the proximal segment and cationic amino acid transporter 1 (CAT1) was mainly expressed in the middle segment of the rabbit small intestine. In addition, we analysed the effects of 3 h (short-term) or 7 days (long-term) dexamethasone (DEX) treatment on the gene expression of most nutrient transporters. The results showed that short-term DEX treatment significantly decreased PepT1, B0AT, EAAT3, rBAT and SGLT1 expressions in all small intestinal segments, while it significantly decreased GLUT2 in the duodenum and FATP4 in the duodenum and ileum (P < 0.05). Long-term DEX treatment also significantly decreased PepT1, CAT1, B0AT, EAAT3, rBAT and SGLT1 in all small intestinal segments and significantly decreased GLUT2 in the jejunum and FATP4 in the ileum (P < 0.05). In conclusion, DEX could decrease the gene expression of most nutrient transporters (except GLUT5) and affect the transport of intestinal amino acids, monosaccharides and fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong271018, China
| | - L Liu
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong271018, China
| | - F Li
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology and Disease Control and Prevention, Shandong Agricultural University, No. 61 Daizong Road, Taian, Shandong271018, China
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Fu C, Zhang Y, Yao Q, Wei X, Shi T, Yan P, Liu X. Maternal conjugated linoleic acid alters hepatic lipid metabolism via the AMPK signaling pathway in chick embryos. Poult Sci 2020; 99:224-234. [PMID: 32416806 PMCID: PMC7587807 DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The effects of maternal conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on embryonic development and hepatic lipid metabolism were investigated in chick embryos. A total of 180 Arbor Acres female broiler breeders (36 wk old) were randomly divided into the following 3 dietary treatment groups: a basic diet (control), a basic diet containing 0.5% CLA (CLA1), and a basic diet containing 1.0% CLA (CLA2). The females were fed for 8 wk, and the eggs from each group were collected and hatched during the last 2 wk. The results showed that the addition of dietary CLA increased the broken egg rate and reduced the fertilization rate and the egg hatchability (P < 0.05). CLA enrichment decreased the polyunsaturated and monounsaturated fatty acids and increased the saturated fatty acids in the yolk sac (P < 0.05). The yolk sac weight, body weight, and body length had a linear decrease with CLA supplementation (P < 0.05). In the developing chick embryo (at E14) and newly hatched chick (D0), the serum triglyceride concentration decreased with maternal CLA supplementation and was accompanied by a reduction in subcutaneous adipose tissue deposition. In addition, maternal CLA supplementation mediated the hepatic lipid metabolism by decreasing the mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element-binding proteins-1c (SREBP-1c), fatty acid synthase and acetyl-CoA carboxylase, and increasing the mRNA expression of adenosine 5'-monophosphate-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors α (PPARα), liver fatty acid-binding protein, adipose triglyceride lipase and carnitine palmitoyltransferase in embryonic chick livers (P < 0.05). A drop in SREBP-1c protein expression and an increase in the protein expression of p-AMPKα and PPARα were also observed in the liver of chick embryo (P < 0.05). In conclusion, maternal CLA supplementation regulated the fatty acid composition in the yolk sac, and mediated embryonic chick development and hepatic lipometabolism, and these effects may be related to the AMPK pathway. These findings suggest the potential ability of maternal CLA supplementation to reduce fat deposition in chick embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyan Fu
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250023, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Jinan 250023, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250023, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Jinan 250023, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Qimeng Yao
- Haiyang Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Station, Yantai 265100, China
| | - Xiangfa Wei
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250023, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Jinan 250023, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Tianhong Shi
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250023, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Jinan 250023, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Peipei Yan
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250023, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Jinan 250023, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Jinan 250023, China
| | - Xuelan Liu
- Poultry Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250023, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Poultry Diseases Diagnosis and Immunology, Jinan 250023, China; Poultry Breeding Engineering Technology Center of Shandong Province, Jinan 250023, China.
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Liu L, Gao Q, Wang C, Fu ZH, Wang K, Li FC. High doses of cobalt inhibited hair follicle development in Rex Rabbits. WORLD RABBIT SCIENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.4995/wrs.2019.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
<p>An experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of cobalt supplementation on hair follicle development in rabbits. Rex rabbits (30-d-old, n=180) were divided randomly into five equal treatment groups: rabbits fed a basal diet (control, measured cobalt content of 0.27 mg/kg) or rabbits fed a basal diet with an additional 0.1, 0.4, 1.6 or 6.4 mg/kg cobalt (in the form of cobalt sulfate) supplementation (measured cobalt contents of 0.35, 0.60, 1.83 and 6.62 mg/kg, respectively). Treatment with 6.4 mg/kg cobalt significantly decreased hair follicle density (<em>P</em><0.05), while low levels of cobalt (0.1-1.6 mg/kg) had no effect on hair follicle density (<em>P</em>>0.05). The addition of dietary cobalt at the highest level examined (6.4 mg/kg) significantly increased the gene expression of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) 2 and BMP4 in skin tissue (<em>P</em><0.05), while the mRNA levels of versican, alkaline phosphatase, hepatocyte growth factor, and noggin remained unchanged (<em>P</em>>0.05). Compared with their levels in the control group, dietary cobalt treatment significantly suppressed the protein levels of p-mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p-ribosomal protein S6 protein kinase (<em>P</em><0.05) but did not alter the protein levels of p-AMP-activated protein kinase, Wnt10b or p-β-catenin (<em>P</em>>0.05). In conclusion, cobalt at the highest concentration examined inhibited hair follicle development, which may have involved the mTOR-BMP signalling pathway.</p>
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Gabriel FC, Fantuzzi G. The association of short-chain fatty acids and leptin metabolism: a systematic review. Nutr Res 2019; 72:18-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Acetate Affects the Process of Lipid Metabolism in Rabbit Liver, Skeletal Muscle and Adipose Tissue. Animals (Basel) 2019; 9:ani9100799. [PMID: 31615062 PMCID: PMC6826666 DOI: 10.3390/ani9100799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Lots of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) are produced in the rabbit cecum after dietary fiber fermentation. In addition to supplying energy, SCFAs could regulate lipid metabolism, but the related mechanism is still unknown. In our experiment, we study the effect of acetate (major SCFAs, 70–80%) on rabbit lipid metabolism. The present study found that acetate alters the process of lipid metabolism in rabbit liver, skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and inferred some signaling pathways related to the process. A mechanism of acetate-regulating lipid metabolism is useful to identify the function in fat metabolism of microbiological products from rabbit and rabbit processes for nutrition metabolism. Abstract Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) (a microbial fermentation production in the rabbit gut) have an important role in many physiological processes, which may be related to the reduced body fat of rabbits. In the present experiment, we study the function of acetate (a major SCFA in the rabbit gut) on fat metabolism. Ninety rabbits (40 days of age) were randomly divided into three groups: a sham control group (injection of saline for four days); a group experiencing subcutaneous injection of acetate for four days (2 g/kg BM per day, one injection each day, acetate); and a pair-fed sham treatment group. The results show that acetate-inhibited lipid accumulation by promoting lipolysis and fatty acid oxidation and inhibiting fatty acid synthesis. Activated G protein-coupled receptor 41/43, adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK) and extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK) 1/2 signal pathways were likely to participate in the regulation in lipid accumulation of acetate. Acetate reduced hepatic triglyceride content by inhibiting fatty acid synthesis, enhancing fatty acid oxidation and lipid output. Inhibited peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and activated AMPK and ERK1/2 signal pathways were related to the process in liver. Acetate reduced intramuscular triglyceride level via increasing fatty acid uptake and fatty acid oxidation. PPARα was associated with the acetate-reduced intracellular fat content.
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Yu B, Zhang M, Chen J, Wang L, Peng X, Zhang X, Wang H, Wang A, Zhao D, Pang D, OuYang H, Tang X. Abnormality of hepatic triglyceride metabolism in Apc Min/+ mice with colon cancer cachexia. Life Sci 2019; 227:201-211. [PMID: 31002917 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2019.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Colorectal cancer syndrome has been one of the greatest concerns in the world. Although several epidemiological studies have shown that hepatic low lipoprotein lipase (LPL) mRNA expression may be associated with dyslipidemia and tumor progression, it is still not known whether the liver plays an essential role in hyperlipidemia of ApcMin/+ mice. MAIN METHODS We measured the expression of metabolic enzymes that involved fatty acid uptake, de novo lipogenesis (DNL), β-oxidation and investigated hepatic triglyceride production in the liver of wild-type and ApcMin/+ mice. KEY FINDINGS We found that hepatic fatty acid uptake and DNL decreased, but there was no significant difference in fatty acid β-oxidation. Interestingly, the production of hepatic very low-density lipoprotein-triglyceride (VLDL-TG) decreased at 20 weeks of age, but marked steatosis was observed in the livers of the ApcMin/+ mouse. To further explore hypertriglyceridemia, we assessed the function of hepatic glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored high-density lipoprotein binding protein 1 (GPIHBP1) for the first time. GPIHBP1 is governed by the transcription factor octamer-binding transcription factor-1 (Oct-1) which are involved in the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway in the liver of ApcMin/+ mice. Importantly, it was also confirmed that sn50 (100 μg/mL, an inhibitor of the NF-κB) reversed the tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)-induced Oct-1 and GPIHBP1 reduction in HepG2 cells. SIGNIFICANCE Altogether, these findings highlighted a novel role of GPIHBP1 that might be responsible for hypertriglyceridemia in ApcMin/+ mice. Hypertriglyceridemia in these mice may be associated with their hepatic lipid metabolism development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biao Yu
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China
| | - Mingjun Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jiahuan Chen
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China
| | - Lingyu Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaohuan Peng
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xinwei Zhang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China
| | - He Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China
| | - Anbei Wang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China
| | - Dazhong Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China
| | - Daxin Pang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China
| | - Hongsheng OuYang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiaochun Tang
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Embryo Engineering, College of Animal Sciences, Jilin University, No.5333 Xi'an Road, Lvyuan District, Changchun 130062, Jilin Province, China.
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