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Grothus S, Sommer A, Claus BB, Stahlschmidt L, Chorpita BF, Wager J. The German version of the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale-Psychometric properties and normative data for German 8- to 17-year-olds. Int J Methods Psychiatr Res 2023; 32:e1965. [PMID: 36920869 DOI: 10.1002/mpr.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Anxiety and depression are internalizing mental disorders often commencing in childhood and manifesting in adolescence. The Revised Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) is an internationally widely used standardized diagnostic tool, but the German version has only been validated in a pediatric chronic pain sample; normative data are not available. The aim of this study is to test its reliability (internal consistency) and validity (factorial, convergent, known-groups) in a representative German school sample and to provide norm data. METHODS Data were collected from N = 1562 German schoolchildren (Mage = 12.2; SDage = 2.33; range 8-17 years; 52.4% girls). RESULTS Cronbach's α ranged from 0.73 to 0.96 for the total and the six subscales (five anxiety and one depression). Confirmatory factor analysis showed the 6-factor model had acceptable to good model fit with CFI = 0.93, TLI = 0.93, RMSEA = 0.05, SRMR = 0.05, which was better than 1- and 2-factor models. The (sub)scales correlated moderate to high negatively with health-related quality of life (-0.31 ≤ τ ≤ -0.51; p < 0.001) and positively with functional impairment (0.31 ≤ τ ≤ 0.48; p < 0.001). Mean scores of anxiety and depression scales were significantly higher in girls and partly in adolescents. CONCLUSION Findings provide support for the good psychometric properties of the German RCADS in a community sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Grothus
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Datteln, Germany
- Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Ariane Sommer
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Datteln, Germany
- Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Benedikt B Claus
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Datteln, Germany
| | - Lorin Stahlschmidt
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Datteln, Germany
- Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - Bruce F Chorpita
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Julia Wager
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital, Datteln, Germany
- Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- PedScience Research Institute, Datteln, Germany
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Schmalbach B, Tibubos AN, Otten D, Hinz A, Decker O, Zenger M, Beutel ME, Brähler E. Regional differences in the assessment of depressive symptoms in the former German Democratic Republic and Federal Republic of Germany. J Public Health (Oxf) 2023; 45:e426-e436. [PMID: 36866396 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdac169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM The present study investigated regional differences in response behaviour for the Patient Health Quetionnaire-9. We tested for measurement invariance and differential item and test functioning between formerly divided East- and West-Germany: the former German Democratic Republic and Federal Republic of Germany. Diverging socialization experiences in socialist versus capitalist and collectivist versus individualist systems may affect culturally sensitive assessments of mental health. SUBJECT AND METHODS To test this empirically, we used factor analytic and item-response-theoretic frameworks, differentiating between East- and West-Germans by birthplace and current residence based on several representative samples of the German general population (n = 3 802). RESULTS Across all survey, we discovered slightly higher depression sum scores for East- versus West-Germans. The majority of items did not display differential item functioning-with a crucial exception in the assessment of self-harm tendencies. The scale scores were largely invariant exhibiting only small amounts of differential test functioning. Nonetheless, they made up on average about a quarter of the observed group differences in terms of effect magnitude. CONCLUSION We explore possible causes and discuss explanations for the item-level differences. Overall, analyses of East- and West-German depressive symptom developments in the wake of reunification are feasible and statistically grounded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjarne Schmalbach
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Ana N Tibubos
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Daniëlle Otten
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Andreas Hinz
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Oliver Decker
- Else-Frenkel-Brunswik-Institute, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04109, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud University, Berlin 12101, Germany
| | - Markus Zenger
- Faculty of Applied Human Studies, Magdeburg-Stendal University of Applied Sciences, Magdeburg 39114, Germany
- Integrated Research and Treatment Center Adiposity Diseases - Behavioral Medicine, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Leipzig Medical Center, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Manfred E Beutel
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
| | - Elmar Brähler
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, Mainz 55131, Germany
- Department of Medical Psychology and Medical Sociology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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Al-Ebrahim SQ, Harrison J, Chen TF, Mohammed MA. Cross-cultural adaptation and psychometric properties of patient-reported outcome measures in Arabic speaking countries: A scoping review. Res Social Adm Pharm 2023; 19:989-1006. [PMID: 36941158 DOI: 10.1016/j.sapharm.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) are increasingly recognized as an indicator of healthcare quality and safety. Over the past decades, there has been a growing interest in using PROMs in Arabic-speaking populations. However, there is a paucity of data regarding the quality of their cross-cultural adaptation (CCA) and measurement properties. OBJECTIVES To identify PROMs that have been developed, validated or cross-culturally adapted to Arabic and evaluate methodological qualities of CCA and measurement properties. METHODS MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, PsycINFO, IPA, and ISI Web of Science were searched using search terms 'PROMs', 'Arabic countries', 'CCA', and 'psychometric properties'. Measurement properties were evaluated using COSMIN quality criteria and CCA quality was assessed using the Oliveria rating method. RESULTS This review included 260 studies with 317 PROMs, focusing on psychometric testing (83.8%), CCA (75.8%), utilizing PROMs as outcome measures (13.4%), and developing PROMs (2.3%). Out of the 201 cross-culturally adapted PROMs, forward translation was the most frequently reported component of CCA (n = 178), followed by back translation (n = 174). Out of the 235 PROMs that reported measurement properties, internal consistency was the most frequently reported measurement property (n = 214), followed by reliability (n = 160) and hypotheses testing (n = 143). Other measurement properties were less reported, including responsiveness (n = 36), criterion validity (n = 22), measurement error (n = 12), and cross-cultural validity (n = 10). The strongest measurement property was hypotheses testing (n = 143), followed by reliability (n = 132). CONCLUSION There are several caveats regarding the quality of CCA and measurement properties of PROMs included in this review. Only 1 out of 317 Arabic PROMs met CCA and psychometric optimal quality criteria. Therefore, there is a need to improve the methodological quality of CCA and measurement properties of PROMs. This review provides valuable information for researchers and clinicians when choosing PROMs for practice and research. There were only 5 treatment-specific PROMs, indicating the necessity for more research focusing on development and CCA of such measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sundos Q Al-Ebrahim
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Jeff Harrison
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
| | - Timothy F Chen
- Faculty of Pharmacy, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Mohammed A Mohammed
- Pharmacy Department, Faculty of Medical and Health Sciences, The University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand.
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Garcia-Cerde R, Lopes de Oliveira CW, Ferreira-Junior V, Caetano SC, Sanchez ZM. Psychiatric Symptomatology is Associated with Polydrug Use and School Violence in Early Adolescence. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2023; 54:109-122. [PMID: 34398344 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-021-01228-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated the association between psychiatric symptoms and polydrug use, school violence, and sociodemographic factors among Brazilian early adolescents. Using the baseline data collection from the effectiveness evaluation of PROERD, a school-based drug use prevention program, implemented in 30 public schools in São Paulo (n = 2316, M age = 12.3 years, 48.5% girls), multinomial logistic regressions were performed using Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) subscales as response variables, and polydrug use, school violence, and sociodemographic characteristics as explanatory variables. In most SDQ subscales, girls and older students were more likely to have psychiatric symptoms. A positive association was identified between polydrug use and psychiatric symptoms. It was found that those who suffered and perpetrated physical violence had a greater likelihood of presenting psychiatric symptoms. Preventive interventions should consider the greater vulnerability related to the mental health of girls, older students, and those who suffer and perpetrate physical violence at school.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Garcia-Cerde
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, 4º Andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Camila W Lopes de Oliveira
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Borges Lagoa, 570 - 1º Andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Valdemir Ferreira-Junior
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Borges Lagoa, 570 - 1º Andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Sheila Cavalcante Caetano
- Departamento de Psiquiatria, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Borges Lagoa, 570 - 1º Andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Zila M Sanchez
- Departamento de Medicina Preventiva, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Rua Botucatu, 740, 4º Andar, São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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Rodriguez VJ, La Barrie DL, Zegarac MC, Shaffer A. A Systematic Review of Parenting Scales Measurement Invariance/ Equivalence of by Race and Ethnicity: Recommendations for Inclusive Parenting Research. Assessment 2023; 30:22-36. [PMID: 34433286 PMCID: PMC10314998 DOI: 10.1177/10731911211038630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The limited inclusion of racial/ethnic minorities in the development and validation of parenting measures limits our understanding of whether parenting constructs are valid in racial and ethnic minorities. Tests of measurement invariance/equivalence (MI/E) of parenting measures can help evaluate the validity of parenting constructs among racial/ethnic minorities. This systematic review summarized studies on MI/E of parenting constructs by race/ethnicity and evaluated the strength of the evidence. A literature search was conducted using various databases and references to retrieve studies from the United States. Indeed, 10 studies were identified that tested for MI/E of eight parenting scales by race/ethnicity. Only one scale showed moderate evidence of MI/E, five showed weak evidence of MI/E, and two showed no evidence of MI/E. Most studies (80%) used factor analytic methods to test for MI/E, but only two studies (20%) examined all levels of invariance. These findings show that differences exist in how racial/ethnic minorities perceive parenting constructs. Further research is needed to develop more inclusive parenting measures, to protect against the ways in which biased measures may pathologize or misrepresent parenting practices among racial/ethnic minorities.
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Carvajal-Velez L, Ottman K, Ahs JW, Li GN, Simmons J, Chorpita B, Requejo JH, Kohrt BA. Translation and Adaptation of the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale: A Qualitative Study in Belize. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:S34-S39. [PMID: 35934586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adapting data collection instruments using transcultural translation and adaptation processes is essential to ensure that respondents comprehend the items and the original meaning is retained across languages and contexts. This approach is central to UNICEF's efforts to expand the use of standard data collection tools across settings and close the global data gap on adolescent mental health. METHODS We conducted transcultural translation and adaptation processes in Belize using the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS). Items from the original scale were translated into Belizean English and Kriol, reviewed by local mental health experts, and discussed in focus groups. Cognitive interviews were conducted with adolescents and parents. The information collected was analyzed with cultural equivalence domains: comprehensibility, acceptability, relevance, completeness, and technical equivalence. Bilingual discussions of findings informed the final item wordings, and the adapted tool was back-translated. RESULTS Adaptation of terms and specific expressions were done to improve comprehensibility and to ensure the appropriate clinical meaning. For example, the expression 'feeling scared' was perceived to imply immaturity or threaten masculinity and was adapted to 'feeling afraid.' Expressions like "shaky" were modified to "trimble" in Kriol. Statements were reworded as questions to enhance acceptability and comprehensibility. DISCUSSION A culturally adapted version of the RCADS was developed for use among adolescents in Belize in Belizean English and Kriol. The transcultural translation and adaptation procedure can be applied for other settings or tools to design contextual adaptations of mental health instruments prior to their validation or use in new settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Carvajal-Velez
- Division of Data Analytics Planning and Monitoring, Data and Analytics Section, UNICEF, New York, New York; Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Katherine Ottman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jill W Ahs
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Red Cross University College, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Juliet Simmons
- Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Belize City, Belize
| | - Bruce Chorpita
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer Harris Requejo
- Division of Data Analytics Planning and Monitoring, Data and Analytics Section, UNICEF, New York, New York
| | - Brandon A Kohrt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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Carvajal-Velez L, Ahs JW, Lundin A, van den Broek M, Simmons J, Wade P, Chorpita B, Requejo JH, Kohrt BA. Validation of the Kriol and Belizean English Adaptation of the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale for Use With Adolescents in Belize. J Adolesc Health 2023; 72:S40-S51. [PMID: 36400635 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To validate a culturally-adapted Kriol and Belizean English version of the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) through comparison with clinical diagnoses made using the Kiddie Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia. METHODS Participants comprised of 256 adolescents aged 10-14 years and 15-19 years, who completed the adapted RCADS (10 depression items, 12 anxiety items) in one-on-one interviews, followed by a diagnostic assessment using Kiddie Schedule of Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia administered by trained clinicians. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, diagnostic odds ratios, area under the curve (AUC), and Youden's Index were calculated for RCADS cutoffs and scores on the total scale and anxiety and depression subscales. RESULTS For adolescents aged 10-14 years (n = 161), the AUC was 0.72 for the full scale, 0.67 for anxiety subscale, and 0.76 for depression subscale. For adolescents aged 15-19 years (n = 95), the AUCs were 0.82, 0.77, and 0.83. Most depression items performed well in discriminating those with and without diagnoses. Separation anxiety items performed poorly. "Thoughts of death" were common even among adolescents not meeting diagnostic criteria. The RCADS depression subscale presented the strongest psychometric properties with adolescents aged 15-19 years (at cutoff of 13, sensitivity = 0.83, specificity = 0.77, positive predictive value = 0.47, negative predictive value = 0.95, odds ratio = 15.96). CONCLUSION The adapted RCADS-22 had acceptable categorization for adolescents aged 10-14 years and excellent categorization for adolescents aged 15-19 years; therefore, the tool is recommended for use among the latter age group. Based on sensitivity and specificity values at different cutoffs, guidance is provided to select different thresholds to suit clinical, public health, or other uses to detect and quantify adolescent depression and anxiety in Belize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liliana Carvajal-Velez
- Division of Data, Analytics, Planning and Monitoring, Data and Analytics Section, UNICEF, New York; Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jill W Ahs
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Health Sciences, Swedish Red Cross University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Andreas Lundin
- Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Myrthe van den Broek
- War Child Holland and Amsterdam Institute of Social Science Research, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Juliet Simmons
- Department of Mental Health, Ministry of Health and Wellness, Belize City, Belize
| | | | - Bruce Chorpita
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jennifer Harris Requejo
- Division of Data, Analytics, Planning and Monitoring, Data and Analytics Section, UNICEF, New York
| | - Brandon A Kohrt
- Department of Psychiatry, George Washington University, Washington, District of Columbia
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Casella CB, Zuccolo PF, Sugaya L, de Souza AS, Otoch L, Alarcão F, Gurgel W, Fatori D, Polanczyk GV. Brief internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural intervention for children and adolescents with symptoms of anxiety and depression during the COVID-19 pandemic: a randomised controlled trial protocol. Trials 2022; 23:899. [PMID: 36273162 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-022-06836-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic has had major impacts in many different spheres, including mental health. Children and adolescents are especially vulnerable because their central nervous system is still in development and they have fewer coping resources than do adults. Increases in the prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptomatology have been reported worldwide. However, access to mental health care is limited, especially for the paediatric population and in low- and middle-income countries. Therefore, we developed a brief internet-delivered cognitive-behavioural intervention for children and adolescents with symptoms of anxiety and depression. The aim of this proposed study is to test the efficacy of the intervention. METHODS We will conduct a two-arm, parallel randomised controlled trial involving children and adolescents (8-11 and 12-17 years of age, respectively) with symptoms of anxiety, depression or both, according to the 25-item Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (t-score > 70). A total of 280 participants will be randomised to the intervention group or the active control group, in a 1:1 ratio. Those in the intervention group will receive five weekly sessions of cognitive-behavioural therapy via teleconference. The sessions will focus on stress responses, family communication, diaphragmatic breathing, emotions, anger management, behavioural activation and cognitive restructuring. Participants in both groups will have access to 15 videos covering the same topics. Participant-guardian pairs will be expected to attend the sessions (intervention group), watch the videos (control group) or both (intervention group only). A blinded assessor will collect data on symptoms of anxiety, depression and irritability, at baseline, at the end of the intervention and 30 days thereafter. Adolescents with access to a smartphone will also be invited to participate in an ecological momentary assessment of emotional problems in the week before and the week after the intervention, as well as in passive data collection from existing smartphone sensors throughout the study. DISCUSSION Internet-delivered interventions play a major role in increasing access to mental health care. A brief, manualised, internet-delivered intervention might help children and adolescents with anxiety or depressive symptomatology, even outside the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov NCT05139433. Registered prospectively in November 2021. Minor amendments made in July 2022.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caio Borba Casella
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Fonseca Zuccolo
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luisa Sugaya
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline Santana de Souza
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luara Otoch
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Alarcão
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wagner Gurgel
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daniel Fatori
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Guilherme V Polanczyk
- Department and Institute of Psychiatry, Hospital das Clínicas, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil
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Scott BG, Sunchild L, Small C, McCullen JR. Anxiety and Depression in Northern Plains American Indian Youth: Evidence for Resilience and Risk. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2022:1-13. [PMID: 36206519 PMCID: PMC10079783 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2022.2127101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Developing research collaborations with Indigenous communities to understand the expression and experience of anxiety and depression in American Indian (AI) youth and identifying protective and risk factors may be an important first step toward addressing AI health inequities. We used a community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to investigate anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms among AI youth living on a Northern Plains reservation. Moreover, we examined whether symptoms were related to two potential protective and risk factors, anxiety control beliefs and rumination. Our tribal research team collected multi-reporter survey data from 71 AI 3rd-6th graders (8-13-years-old; 62.3% female) attending a tribal school, their caregivers, and teachers. Results pointed toward resilience in this sample with 7.3% and 8.7% of AI youth reporting clinical levels of anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms, respectively, and on average experiencing symptoms "Sometimes." There were moderate correlations between youth- and teacher-reported anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms, but no correlation with caregivers. Anxiety control beliefs were lower in older compared to younger AI youth and negatively related to youth-reported anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms, while rumination was positively related to youth-reported anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms and teacher-reported anxiety disorder symptoms. Age moderated relations between anxiety control beliefs and both youth-reported anxiety and depressive disorder symptoms with only significant relations found for older youth. Our findings are consistent with research showing resilience to internalizing problems in AI youth living on a reservation, but replication of their relations to anxiety control beliefs and rumination in other Indigenous peoples is warranted.
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A multi-group confirmatory factor analysis of the revised children's anxiety and depression scale (RCADS) in Spain, Chile and Sweden. J Affect Disord 2022; 310:228-234. [PMID: 35561880 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.05.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a need for a measure that can be used across countries and cultures to advance cross-cultural research about internalizing mental health symptoms in children and adolescents. The Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) is a potential candidate, but no study has examined whether its scales are measured similarly in youth populations from different countries. METHODS In this study, we use confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and multi-group CFA to examine the cross-cultural properties of a short and free to use 30-item version of RCADS that assesses social, generalized, panic, and separation anxiety alongside depression and obsessive-compulsive symptoms. We tested the factor structure of RCADS in children and adolescents from Chile, Spain, and Sweden, recruited using different research designs (i.e., school-based studies and an anonymous web survey), and whether the factor structure showed measurement invariance across the three countries. RESULTS The proposed factor structure of RCADS showed good model/data fit in all three countries and was superior to a unidimensional model in which correlations among scale items were explained by a single broad internalizing factor. Each RCADS subscale showed adequate to excellent internal consistency in all three countries and multi-group CFA supported scalar invariance across the three countries. LIMITATIONS No clinical sample was included. CONCLUSIONS This study provides an important first step in supporting the use of RCADS in cross-cultural research on depression, anxiety and obsessive-compulsive symptoms in children and adolescents, but more work on validity aspects of the scale across cultures is needed.
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Giannopoulou I, Pasalari E, Bali P, Grammatikaki D, Ferentinos P. Psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale in Greek Adolescents. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2022; 27:424-438. [PMID: 34818925 DOI: 10.1177/13591045211056502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The psychometric properties of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-47) are established cross-culturally but lacking for the Greek population. The present study examined RCADS internal consistency and validity (structural and concurrent) in Greek adolescents, and tested measurement invariance across sex and age groups. We recruited 619 secondary school students (n = 321 females), aged 12-18 years (n = 318, 12-14-year-olds). Besides RCADS, all students completed Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ), a subsample (n = 300) completed Screen for Child Anxiety-Related Emotional Disorders (SCARED), whereas a non-overlapping subsample (n = 219) completed Depression Self-Rating Scale (DSRS). Structural validity was examined with Confirmatory Factor Analysis and measurement invariance was assessed with Multiple Indicators Multiple Causes (MIMIC) modeling. Convergent and divergent validity were examined using Spearman correlations between RCADS subscales and DSRS, SCARED, and SDQ validators. The six-factor model fitted the data best, validating the originally proposed RCADS structure. Three items displayed differential item functioning for sex, another three for age group, and one item for both, albeit with trivial effect sizes (d < 0.2). Cronbach's alpha was .94. Convergent and divergent validity were also established. In conclusion, the RCADS is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing anxiety and depression symptoms in Greek adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Giannopoulou
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 393206Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Evdokia Pasalari
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 393206Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Paraskevi Bali
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 393206Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitra Grammatikaki
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 393206Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Panagiotis Ferentinos
- 2nd Department of Psychiatry, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 393206Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
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Rogač Ž, Stevanović D, Bečanović S, Božić L, Dimitrijević A, Bogićević D, Bosiočić I, Jovanović K, Nikolić D. Cognitive profile, psychopathological symptoms, and quality of life in newly diagnosed pediatric epilepsy: A six-month, naturalistic follow-up study. Epilepsy Res 2022; 179:106844. [PMID: 34942452 DOI: 10.1016/j.eplepsyres.2021.106844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Long-term studies indicated changes in aspects of cognition, psychopathology, and quality of life (QOL) in children and adolescents followed up after the diagnosis of epilepsy. However, evidence is limited regarding what happens during the first few months after epilepsy is diagnosed because at this phase is possible to adjust and/or change an AED regimen or add other treatment interventions, if needed. This is a naturalistic, six months follow-up study that evaluated changes in overall cognitive profiles, levels of psychopathological symptoms, and quality of life (QOL) in newly diagnosed, uncomplicated pediatric epilepsy. In total, 61 (35 [57.4%] males) children and adolescents aged 7-18 years were assessed at the time of diagnosis and the initiation of antiepileptic drug (AED) treatment and six months afterward. The Revised Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS), Nisonger Child Behavior Rating Form for typically developing children and adolescents (NCBRF), KIDSCREEN-10 Quality of Life Measure, and Adverse Event Profile (AEP) were used. The RCADS and NCBRF scores significantly increased over time, while the KIDSCREEN-10 scores significantly decreased. The most significant increases were observed in scores measuring social phobia and depressive symptoms and inattentiveness. Verbal cognitive abilities and full-scale intelligence scores changed slightly, while more changes were found in aspects of non-verbal cognitive abilities. This study showed that six months after epilepsy diagnosis and AED initiation, there were marked increases in anxiety levels, depressive symptoms, and behavioral problems, with deteriorations in QOL, while cognitive changes were relatively minimal. Therefore, monitoring levels of psychopathological symptoms and QOL in newly diagnosed epilepsy is highly recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Željka Rogač
- Institute for Children's Diseases, Clinical Centre of Montenegro, Podgorica 81000, Montenegro.
| | - Dejan Stevanović
- Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | | | - Ljubica Božić
- University Children's Hospital, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Aleksandar Dimitrijević
- University Children's Hospital, Belgrade 11000, Serbia; University of Belgrade - School of Medicine, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | - Dragana Bogićević
- University Children's Hospital, Belgrade 11000, Serbia; University of Belgrade - School of Medicine, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
| | | | | | - Dimitrije Nikolić
- University Children's Hospital, Belgrade 11000, Serbia; University of Belgrade - School of Medicine, Belgrade 11000, Serbia.
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13
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Lu W, Daleiden E, Higa-McMillan C, Liu S, Leong A, Almeida A, Kelleher K. Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale: a Psychometric Examination in Chinese Youth. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-021-09879-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Perkins JD, Alós J. Rapid mental health screening in conflict zones: a translation and cross-cultural adaptation into Arabic of the shortened Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-25). Confl Health 2021; 15:51. [PMID: 34210326 PMCID: PMC8247224 DOI: 10.1186/s13031-021-00386-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background During conflict, children and adolescents are at increased risk of mental health problems and in particular, anxiety and depression. However, mental health screening in conflict settings is problematic and carries risk making the need for fast, easy-to-administer, screening instruments paramount. The shortened version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-25) is one method of rapidly assessing anxiety and depressive symptoms in youths. This self-report questionnaire demonstrates good internal consistency and diagnostic capacity in clinical and non-clinical populations. Nevertheless, few studies have tested the psychometric properties of translated versions of the RCADS-25 limiting its applicability worldwide. Objectives To expand the reach and utility of the RCADS-25, the present study sought to develop an Arabic version of the instrument (RCADS25-Arabic) and to explore its reliability and underlying factor structure. In light of changes to DSM classification, the effects of removing indicator variables for obsessive-compulsive disorder on the psychometrics of the RCADS25-Arabic were also explored. Method The scale was back translated into Modern Standard Arabic and administered to 250 Arabic speaking schoolchildren between 8 and 15 years of age in Syria. Mean and standard deviation were used to characterise the sample and summarize scores. The reliability and factor structure of the RCADS25-Arabic was explored using confirmatory factor analysis. Results Females were 127 and mean age was 12.11 ± SD 2.35. Males scored lower on anxiety (M 15.05 SD ± 8.0, t(248) = − 3.15, p = .003, d = 0.39) and internalizing factors (M 26.1 SD ± 13.1, t(248) = − 2.36, p = .0160, d = 0.31) with no statistical gender difference recorded for depression (t(248) = − 1.27, p = .202). Fit statistics were good for two- and one-factor solutions (χ2/df = 1.65, RMSEA 0.051, CFI .91, TLI .90 and χ2/df = 1.64 and RMSEA 0.051, CFI .91 and TLI .89 respectively). DIFFTEST showed no significant difference between models (χ2diff (1) = 0.03, p < 0.86) indicating a one-factor (internalizing) solution was preferable. No improvement in scale integrity was found after deleting obsessive-compulsive disorder items. Conclusion The RCADS25-Arabic is useful for rapid screening of depression and anxiety but is better used to identify a one-factor internalizing construct. Obsessive-compulsive disorder items should be retained in the RCADS-25.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julieta Alós
- Department of English Literature & Linguistics, Qatar University, P.O. Box 2713, Doha, Qatar.
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Stupar D, Stevanovic D, Vostanis P, Atilola O, Moreira P, Dodig-Curkovic K, Franic T, Doric A, Davidovic N, Avicenna M, Multazam IN, Nussbaum L, Thabet AA, Ubalde D, Petrov P, Deljkovic A, Monteiro AL, Ribas A, Jovanovic M, Joana O, Knez R. Posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms among trauma-exposed adolescents from low- and middle-income countries. Child Adolesc Psychiatry Ment Health 2021; 15:26. [PMID: 34090487 PMCID: PMC8180049 DOI: 10.1186/s13034-021-00378-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Exposure to traumatic events in childhood is associated with the development and maintenance of various psychiatric disorders, but most frequently with posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim of this study was to evaluate the types of traumatic events experienced and the presence and predictors of PTSD symptoms among adolescents from the general population from ten low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). METHODS Data were simultaneously collected from 3370 trauma-exposed adolescents (mean age = 15.41 [SD = 1.65] years, range 12-18; 1465 (43.5%) males and 1905 (56.5%) females) in Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Indonesia, Montenegro, Nigeria, the Palestinian Territories, the Philippines, Romania, and Serbia, with Portugal, a high-income country, as a reference point. The UCLA PTSD Reaction Index for the DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5) was used for the assessment of traumatic events and PTSD symptoms. RESULTS The most frequently reported traumatic events were death of a close person (69.7%), witnessing violence other than domestic (40.5%), being in a natural disaster (34.4%) and witnessing violent death or serious injury of a close person (33.9%). In total, 28.5% adolescents endorsed two to three DSM-5 PTSD criteria symptoms. The rates of adolescents with symptoms from all four DSM-5 criteria for PTSD were 6.2-8.1% in Indonesia, Serbia, Bulgaria, and Montenegro, and 9.2-10.5% in Philippines, Croatia and Brazil. From Portugal, 10.7% adolescents fall into this category, while 13.2% and 15.3% for the Palestinian Territories and Nigeria, respectively. A logistic regression model showed that younger age, experiencing war, being forced to have sex, and greater severity of symptoms (persistent avoidance, negative alterations in cognitions and mood, and alterations in arousal and reactivity) were significant predictors of fulfilling full PTSD criteria. CONCLUSIONS Nearly every third adolescent living in LMICs might have some PTSD symptoms after experiencing a traumatic event, while nearly one in ten might have sufficient symptoms for full DSM-5 PTSD diagnosis. The findings can inform the generation of PTSD burden estimates, allocation of health resources, and designing and implementing psychosocial interventions for PTSD in LMICs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusko Stupar
- Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Stevanovic
- Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Panos Vostanis
- School of Psychology, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | - Paulo Moreira
- Lusíada University, Porto, Portugal
- CIPD, Porto, Portugal
| | | | - Tomislav Franic
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Ana Doric
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Nikolina Davidovic
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Mohamad Avicenna
- Faculty of Psychology, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | | | - Laura Nussbaum
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", Timisoara, Romania
| | - Abdul Aziz Thabet
- School of Public Health, Gaza Branch, Al Quds University, Jerusalem, Palestinian Territories, Israel
| | - Dino Ubalde
- Department of Psychology, St. Dominic College of Asia, City of Bacoor, Bacoor, Philippines
| | - Petar Petrov
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital St. Marina, Varna, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Adriana Ribas
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rajna Knez
- Department of Pediatrics, Skaraborgs Hospital Skövde, Skövde, Sweden.
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Psychometric Properties of the Spanish Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale 25-Item Version in El Salvador. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOPATHOLOGY AND BEHAVIORAL ASSESSMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s10862-020-09843-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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17
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Martínez-González AE, Veas A, Piqueras JA. 30-item version of the revised child anxiety and depression scale in Chilean adolescents: psychometric properties. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-020-00934-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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18
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A Comparative Study of the Bias Correction Methods for Differential Item Functioning Analysis in Logistic Regression with Rare Events Data. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 2020:1632350. [PMID: 32185193 PMCID: PMC7060847 DOI: 10.1155/2020/1632350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The logistic regression (LR) model for assessing differential item functioning (DIF) is highly dependent on the asymptotic sampling distributions. However, for rare events data, the maximum likelihood estimation method may be biased and the asymptotic distributions may not be reliable. In this study, the performance of the regular maximum likelihood (ML) estimation is compared with two bias correction methods including weighted logistic regression (WLR) and Firth's penalized maximum likelihood (PML) to assess DIF for imbalanced or rare events data. The power and type I error rate of the LR model for detecting DIF were investigated under different combinations of sample size, moderate and severe magnitudes of uniform DIF (DIF = 0.4 and 0.8), sample size ratio, number of items, and the imbalanced degree (τ). Indeed, as compared with WLR and for severe imbalanced degree (τ = 0.069), there were reductions of approximately 30% and 24% under DIF = 0.4 and 27% and 23% under DIF = 0.8 in the power of the PML and ML, respectively. The present study revealed that the WLR outperforms both the ML and PML estimation methods when logistic regression is used to evaluate DIF for imbalanced or rare events data.
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19
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Chua KC, Böhnke JR, Prince M, Banerjee S. Health-related quality-of-life assessment in dementia: Evidence of cross-cultural validity in Latin America. Psychol Assess 2019; 31:1264-1277. [PMID: 31282701 PMCID: PMC6818683 DOI: 10.1037/pas0000743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2018] [Revised: 04/24/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
All health-related quality-of-life (HRQL) measures for dementia have been developed in high-income countries and none were validated for cross-cultural use. Yet, the global majority of people living with dementia reside in low- and middle-income countries. We therefore investigated the measurement invariance of a set of self- and informant-report HRQL measures developed in the United Kingdom when used in Latin America. Self-reported HRQL was obtained using (DEMQOL) at a memory assessment service in the United Kingdom (n = 868) and a population cohort study in Latin America (n = 417). Informant reports were collected using DEMQOL-Proxy at both sites (n = 909 and n = 495). Multiple-group confirmatory bifactor models for ordered categorical item responses were estimated to evaluate measurement invariance. Results support configural, metric, and scalar invariance for the concept of general HRQL in DEMQOL and DEMQOL-Proxy. The dominant impact of general HRQL on item responses was evident across U.K. English and Ibero American Spanish versions of DEMQOL (ωh = 0.87-0.90) and DEMQOL-Proxy (ωh = 0.88-0.89). Ratings of "positive emotion" did not show a major impact on general HRQL appraisal, particularly for Latin American respondents. Item information curves show that self- and informant-reports were highly informative about the presence rather than the absence of HRQL impairment. We found no major difference in conceptual meaning, sensitivity, and relevance of DEMQOL and DEMQOL-Proxy for older adults in the United Kingdom and Latin America. Further replication is needed for consensus over which HRQL measures are appropriate for making cross-national comparisons in global dementia research. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kia-Chong Chua
- Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience
| | - Jan R Böhnke
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Dundee
| | - Martin Prince
- King's Global Health Institute, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London
| | - Sube Banerjee
- Centre for Dementia Studies, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, University of Sussex
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20
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Stahlschmidt L, Chorpita BF, Wager J. Validating the German version of the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale in a sample of pediatric chronic pain patients. J Psychosom Res 2019; 124:109786. [PMID: 31443823 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2019.109786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Many children and adolescents with chronic pain report substantial emotional distress, such as symptoms of anxiety and depression, that need to be assessed for successful chronic pain treatment. In the context of pediatric chronic pain, the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale has been recommended for the assessment of anxiety and depression symptoms. Therefore, the present study aimed to validate the German version of the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale in a sample of children and adolescents with chronic pain. METHODS Data were collected from N = 300 children and adolescents (age 8-17 years) who presented with headache, abdominal pain and/or musculoskeletal pain at a specialized pediatric pain center for interdisciplinary outpatient pain evaluation. RESULTS Cronbach's α for the total and subscales of the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression scale ranged from 0.73 to 0.95. Sound psychometric properties were found in terms of item properties, factor structure and convergent validity with other measures of anxiety and depression (r ranged from 0.40 to 0.94). Girls reported significantly higher levels of anxiety and depression compared with boys. Higher pain severity was associated with more symptoms of anxiety and depression. CONCLUSION This study demonstrated that the German version of the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale is a reliable and valid measure for the assessment of anxiety and depression symptoms in children and adolescents with chronic pain. Further studies in school and clinical samples are needed to establish German norms and cutoff points for this scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorin Stahlschmidt
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital Datteln, Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten, Germany.
| | - Bruce F Chorpita
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Julia Wager
- German Paediatric Pain Centre, Children's and Adolescents' Hospital Datteln, Department of Children's Pain Therapy and Paediatric Palliative Care, Witten/Herdecke University, Faculty of Health, School of Medicine, Witten, Germany
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Romero-Acosta K, Gómez-de-Regil L. Psychometric properties of two adolescent depression scales in a colombian community sample: ADRS and RCADS -major depression. PSYCHOLOGIA 2019. [DOI: 10.21500/19002386.3844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
La depresión puede presentarse a cualquier edad; sin embargo, cuando ocurre en etapas tempranas de la vida el pronóstico es menos favorable. La identificación y el tratamiento tempranos necesitan herramientas válidas y confiables para evaluar la depresión en niños y adolescentes. El presente estudio analizó, en una muestra comunitaria colombiana, las propiedades psicométricas de dos escalas breves de depresión, utilizando métodos de la Teoría Clásica de los Test: Escala de Valoración de Depresión Adolescente (ADRS) versión de auto-reporte y la Escala de Ansiedad y Depresión Infantil Revisada (RCADS)– Subescala de Depresión Mayor. El análisis de las dos escalas mostró correlaciones ítem-ítem e ítemescala, moderadas y significativas. La consistencia interna fue significativa y adecuada para ambas escalas, ADRS (0.67) y RCADS-Depresión Mayor (0.71). Para ADRS, dos factores explicaron 37.39% de la varianza, mientras que la soluciónde un solo factor explicó 25.99% de la varianza. Para RCADS-Depresión Mayor, dos factores explicaron el 41.81% de varianza y un factor único explicó 29.14%. La validez de constructo fue satisfactoria, ambas escalas mostraron correlaciones moderadas y significativas con el criterio convergente (KADS-11) y el criterio discriminante (RCADS-Ansiedad Generalizada); aunque más fuertes en el primer caso. Los resultados evidencian que ADRS y RCADS-Depresión Mayor son herramientas efectivas para la valoración de síntomas depresivos en niños y adolescentes.
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Doric A, Stevanovic D, Stupar D, Vostanis P, Atilola O, Moreira P, Dodig-Curkovic K, Franic T, Davidovic V, Avicenna M, Noor M, Nussbaum L, Thabet A, Ubalde D, Petrov P, Deljkovic A, Antonio ML, Ribas A, Oliveira J, Knez R. UCLA PTSD reaction index for DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5): a psychometric study of adolescents sampled from communities in eleven countries. Eur J Psychotraumatol 2019; 10:1605282. [PMID: 31105904 PMCID: PMC6507911 DOI: 10.1080/20008198.2019.1605282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2019] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Children and adolescents are often exposed to traumatic events, which may lead to the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). It is therefore important for clinicians to screen for potential symptoms that can be signs of PTSD onset. PTSD in youth is a worldwide problem, thus congruent screening tools in various languages are needed. Objective: The aim of this study was to test the general psychometric properties of the Traumatic Stress Disorder Reaction Index for children and adolescents (UCLA PTSD) Reaction Index for DSM-5 (PTSD-RI-5) in adolescents, a self-report instrument intended to screen for trauma exposure and assess PTSD symptoms. Method: Data was collected from 4201 adolescents in communities within eleven countries worldwide (i.e. Brazil, Bulgaria, Croatia, Indonesia, Montenegro, Nigeria, Palestine-Gaza, Philippines, Portugal, Romania, and Serbia). Internal consistency, discriminant validity, and a confirmatory factor analysis of a four-factor model representing the main DSM-5 symptoms of the PTSD-RI-5 were evaluated. Results: The PTSD-RI-5 total score for the entire sample shows very good reliability (α = .92) as well as across all countries included (α ranged from .90 to .94). The correlations between anxiety/depressive symptoms and the PTSD-RI-5 scores were below .70 indicating on good discriminant validity. The four-factor structure of the scale was confirmed for the total sample and data from six countries. The standardized regression weights for all items varied markedly across the countries. The lack of a common acceptable model across all countries prevented us from direct testing of cross-cultural measurement invariance. Conclusions: The four-factor structure of the PTSD-RI-5 likely represents the core PTSD symptoms as proposed by the DSM-5 criteria, but there could be items interpreted in a conceptually different manner by adolescents from different cultural/regional backgrounds and future cross-cultural evaluations need to consider this finding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Doric
- Department of Psychology (Center for Applied Psychology), Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia
| | - Dejan Stevanovic
- Child Psychiatry, Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dusko Stupar
- Child Psychiatry, Clinic for Neurology and Psychiatry for Children and Youth, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Panos Vostanis
- School of Psychology, Leicester University, Leicester, UK
| | - Olayinka Atilola
- Department of Behavioural Medicine, Lagos State University College of Medicine Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria
| | | | - Katarina Dodig-Curkovic
- Medical Faculty Osijek, Faculty for Dental Medicine and Health, University Health Center Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - Tomislav Franic
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Vrljicak Davidovic
- Department of Psychiatry, Clinical Hospital Centre Split, Split, Croatia
| | - Mohamad Avicenna
- Faculty of Psychology, State Islamic University Syarif Hidayatullah, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Multazam Noor
- Psychiatry department, Dr Soeharto Heerdjan Mental Hospital Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Laura Nussbaum
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Medicine and Pharmacy "Victor Babes", Timisoara, Romania
| | - Abdelaziz Thabet
- School of Public Health, Al Quds University, Gaza Branch, Palestine
| | - Dino Ubalde
- Department of Psychology, St. Dominic College of Asia, City of Bacoor, Philippines
| | - Petar Petrov
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University Hospital St. Marina, Varna, Bulgaria
| | | | | | - Adriana Ribas
- Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Rajna Knez
- Department of Women´s and Children´s health, Skaraborgs Hospital, Skövde, Sweden.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychological Medicine, Medical School, University of Rijeka, Rijeka, Croatia.,University of Gothenburg, Sahlgrenska Academy, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Göteborg, Sweden
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Donnelly A, Fitzgerald A, Shevlin M, Dooley B. Investigating the psychometric properties of the revised child anxiety and depression scale (RCADS) in a non-clinical sample of Irish adolescents. J Ment Health 2018; 28:345-356. [DOI: 10.1080/09638237.2018.1437604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alanna Donnelly
- School of Psychology, Newman Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland, and
| | - Amanda Fitzgerald
- School of Psychology, Newman Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland, and
| | - Mark Shevlin
- School of Psychology, Ulster University, Londonderry, Northern Ireland
| | - Barbara Dooley
- School of Psychology, Newman Building, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland, and
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Perkins JD, Ajeeb M, Fadel L, Saleh G. Mental health in Syrian children with a focus on post-traumatic stress: a cross-sectional study from Syrian schools. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2018; 53:1231-1239. [PMID: 30083987 PMCID: PMC6208941 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-018-1573-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Studies show that conflict can negatively affect psychological health. The Syrian crisis is 8 years old and yet little is known about the impact of the conflict on the well-being of Syrians who remain. This gap was addressed by conducting an empirical study on the mental health burden of Syrian children in two areas of the country. METHODS 492 children between 8 and 15 years were randomly selected from schools in Damascus and Latakia. The incidence of psychological disorder symptoms was measured using self-report screening instruments, the Children's Revised Impact of Event Scale (CRIES-8) and the Revised Children's Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS-25). Simultaneously, sociodemographic and traumatic event information was collected. Binary logistic regression was used to identify factors that influence the development of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. RESULTS In our sample, 50.2% of students were internally displaced and 32.1% reported a negative experience. 60.5% of those tested had at least one probable psychological disorder with PTSD the most common (35.1%), followed by depression (32.0%), and anxiety (29.5%). Binary logistic regression indicated that PTSD symptoms were predicted by: living in Damascus [odds ratio (OR) 2.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51-3.69], being female (1.54, 1.02-2.34), having depression and anxiety (2.55, 1.48-4.40), and the negative experiences; displacement and daily warzone exposure (1.84, 1.02-3.30 and 2.67, 1.08-6.60). CONCLUSIONS Syrian children are experiencing traumatic events and war-associated daily stresses that are hugely impacting psychological well-being. Our data offer guidance for mental health providers regarding risk factors and highlights the use of the school system to reach suffering children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jon Davis Perkins
- PMARC, University of Edinburgh, St Leonard's Land, Holyrood Road, Edinburgh, EH8 8AQ, UK.
| | - Maiss Ajeeb
- 0000 0001 2353 3326grid.8192.2Department of Counselling, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
| | - Lina Fadel
- 0000000106567444grid.9531.eSchool of Social Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ghassan Saleh
- 0000 0001 2353 3326grid.8192.2Department of Counselling, Damascus University, Damascus, Syria
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Skoczeń I, Rogoza R, Rogoza M, Ebesutani C, Chorpita B. Structure, Reliability, Measurement Stability, and Construct Validity of the Polish Version of the Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale. Assessment 2017; 26:1492-1503. [PMID: 28548541 DOI: 10.1177/1073191117711019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale (RCADS) is a self-report questionnaire that aims to assess symptoms of anxiety and depressive disorders in children. Two studies were conducted to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the RCADS. Study 1 was conducted to analyze the structural validity and reliability of the RCADS scores and Study 2 assessed the longitudinal measurement of stability over time. Data were collected from a community sample of 501 children and adolescents aged 8 to 14 years in Poland. The original 47-item version of the Polish RCADS was compared with two shortened versions: 30- and 20-item versions. Overall results revealed support for the structural and construct validity, reliability, and stability of the Polish version of the RCADS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Skoczeń
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Marta Rogoza
- Cardinal Stefan Wyszyński University in Warsaw, Poland
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