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de Geus EJ. Genetic Pathways Underlying Individual Differences in Regular Physical Activity. Exerc Sport Sci Rev 2023; 51:2-18. [PMID: 36044740 PMCID: PMC9762726 DOI: 10.1249/jes.0000000000000305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Twin and family studies show a strong contribution of genetic factors to physical activity (PA) assessed by either self-report or accelerometers. PA heritability is around 43% across the lifespan. Genome-wide association studies have implied biological pathways related to exercise ability and enjoyment. A polygenic score based on genetic variants influencing PA could help improve the success of intervention programs.
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Luo Y, Zhong J. Independence and Sex Differences in Physical Activity and Sedentary Behavior Trends from Middle Adolescence to Emerging Adulthood: A Latent Class Growth Curve Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19052647. [PMID: 35270345 PMCID: PMC8910182 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19052647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship and sex differences in the growth patterns of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary behavior (SB) from middle adolescence (around age 15) to emerging adulthood (18–29 years old). We used the secondary data from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health’s (Add Health) publicly accessible database. MVPA and SB were assessed four times (1995, 1996, 2000–2001, and 2008–2009) for a total of 681 individuals from middle adolescence to emerging adulthood. Latent class growth modeling was utilized to identify heterogeneous growth patterns in MVPA and SB. Chi-square tests were used to assess group dependence and sex differences in MVPA and SB growth patterns. Seven quadratic growth patterns for MVPA and two linear growth patterns for SB were found. Both MVPA and SB growth patterns exhibited slow or rapid rate of change at different periods of adolescence and emerging adulthood. MVPA growth patterns included: decline (slow)-and-rise (rapid), rise-and-decline (both rapid), decline-and-rise (both rapid), consistently low, consistently high, decline (rapid)-and-decline (slow), and decline (rapid)-and-rise (slow). SB growth patterns included: consistently low (slow decline) and consistently high (rapid decline). While women were more likely to be involved in consistently low group for MVPA and consistently low (slow decline) group for SB, men were more likely to be involved in rise-and-decline (both rapid) group, consistently high group, and decline (rapid)-and-rise (slow) group for MVPA and consistently high (rapid decline) group for SB. SB growth patterns were independent of MVPA growth patterns. SB should not be assumed to decrease as a result of MVPA intervention. Treatment of MVPA should prioritize adolescence over emerging adulthood, with an emphasis on preventing men’s MVPA levels from decreasing in emerging adulthood and increasing women’s overall MVPA levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Luo
- Department of Physical Education and Health Education, Springfield College, Springfield, MA 01109, USA;
| | - Juan Zhong
- Department of Psychology, Springfield College, Springfield, MA 01109, USA
- Correspondence:
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Kaartinen S, Silventoinen K, Korhonen T, Kujala UM, Kaprio J, Aaltonen S. Genetic and Environmental Effects on the Individual Variation and Continuity of Participation in Diverse Physical Activities. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2021; 53:2495-2502. [PMID: 34649261 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000002744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Participation in diverse physical activities has beneficial health effects. However, little is known on how genetic and environmental factors affect this trait. Thus, we examined to what extent these factors explain participation in diverse leisure-time physical activities from late adolescence to adulthood using a twin study design. METHODS The participants were Finnish twins who reported their participation in diverse leisure-time physical activities at ages 17 (n = 5429) and 34 yr (n = 4246). The number of physical activities engaged in was analyzed using applications of structural linear modeling for twin data. RESULTS On average, the total number of physical activities engaged in during leisure time was slightly over three at both ages and in both sexes, with moderate heritability estimates (40%-58%) from adolescence to adulthood. Environmental factors shared by co-twins (e.g., childhood family environment) influenced only in adolescence, being higher for women. Environmental influences unique to each co-twin explained the remaining variances (34%-57%), being higher at age 34 yr. Participation in diverse leisure-time physical activities correlated moderately between ages 17 and 34 yr (men: rtrait = 0.30, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.25-0.35; women: rtrait = 0.26, 95% CI = 0.22-0.31). In addition, genetic influences on participation in physical activities correlated moderately between adolescence and adulthood (rA = 0.51, 95% CI = 0.39-0.64, and 0.44, 95% CI = 0.34-0.55, respectively). These common genetic influences explained 93% of the trait correlations found in men and 85% in women. CONCLUSIONS Genetic and unique environmental influences explain a large proportion of variation in the number of leisure-time physical activities. However, the estimates vary by age and sex. Common genetic background mainly explains the continuity of the participation in diverse leisure-time physical activities between adolescence and adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Kaartinen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | | | - Tellervo Korhonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, FINLAND
| | | | - Sari Aaltonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
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Genetic and Environmental Influences on Vigorous Exercise in South Korean Adolescent and Young Adult Twins. Twin Res Hum Genet 2021; 24:116-122. [PMID: 33736728 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2021.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Twin studies of physical exercise for Asian twins are sparse. This study aimed to examine genetic and environmental influences on frequency of vigorous exercise (FVE) in South Korean twins, with a special emphasis on sex effects. Telephone interviews on FVE were administered to 1757 twins (mean age = 19.05 years, SD = 3.01 years). Tetrachoric correlations were significantly different between monozygotic (MZ) and dizygotic (DZ) twins in males (.40 vs. .12), but they were similar in females (.44 vs. .45), suggesting the importance of genetic factors in FVE in males and that of common environmental factors in females. A scalar sex-limitation model incorporating age as a modifier was applied to data. The results revealed that genetic, common and individual environmental influences did not vary significantly with age, but differed across two sexes, confirming twin correlational analyses. In the best-fitting model, additive genetic and individual environmental influences on FVE were, respectively, .35 (95% CI [.26, .39]) and .65 (95% CI [.61, .74]) in males, and common and individual environmental influences were, respectively, .45 (95% CI [.35, .53]) and .55 (95% CI [.47, .65]) in females. These results contrasted starkly with recent findings from a large sample of Chinese adult twins (age >18 years), in which most variance (≥95%) of vigorous physical activity was attributable to common environmental influences in both sexes. Replications in other Asian samples are clearly needed.
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Iso-Markku P, Waller K, Hautasaari P, Kaprio J, Kujala UM, Tarkka IM. Twin studies on the association of physical activity with cognitive and cerebral outcomes. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2020; 114:1-11. [PMID: 32325068 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2020.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 04/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Regular physical activity (PA) offers positive effects on the human body. However, the effects of PA on cognition and in the brain are less clear. In this paper, we narratively review the relationship of PA with cognition and dementia, first from general perspective and then through genetically informed studies on the topic. Then we move on to imaging studies on exercise and brain anatomy first by presenting an overall picture of the topic and then discussing brain imaging studies addressing PA and brain structure in twins in more detailed way. Regarding PA and cognition or dementia, genetically informed studies are uncommon, even though the relationship between PA and cognitive ageing has been extensively studied. It is challenging to find twin pairs discordant for PA and dementia. Concerning brain imaging studies, among PA discordant young adult twin pairs, the more active co-twins showed larger gray matter volumes in striatal, prefrontal, and hippocampal regions and in electrophysiological studies automatic deviance-detection processes differed in brain regions involved with sensorimotor, visual and memory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paula Iso-Markku
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, HUS Medical Imaging Center, Helsinki 42, University Central Hospital and University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Katja Waller
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Pekka Hautasaari
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland; Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Ina M Tarkka
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
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FinnTwin16: A Longitudinal Study from Age 16 of a Population-Based Finnish Twin Cohort. Twin Res Hum Genet 2019; 22:530-539. [PMID: 31796134 DOI: 10.1017/thg.2019.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to provide a detailed and updated description of the FinnTwin16 (FT16) study and its future directions. The Finnish Twin Cohort comprises three different cohorts: the Older Twin Cohort established in the 1970s and the FinnTwin12 and FT16 initiated in the 1990s. FT16 was initiated in 1991 to identify the genetic and environmental precursors of alcoholism, but later the scope of the project expanded to studying the determinants of various health-related behaviors and diseases in different stages of life. The main areas addressed are alcohol use and its consequences, smoking, physical activity, overall physical health, eating behaviors and eating disorders, weight development, obesity, life satisfaction and personality. To date, five waves of data collection have been completed and the sixth is now planned. Data from the FT16 cohort have contributed to several hundred studies and many substudies, with more detailed phenotyping and collection of omics data completed or underway. FT16 has also contributed to many national and international collaborations.
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Karppinen JE, Rottensteiner M, Wiklund P, Hämäläinen K, Laakkonen EK, Kaprio J, Kainulainen H, Kujala UM. Fat oxidation at rest and during exercise in male monozygotic twins. Eur J Appl Physiol 2019; 119:2711-2722. [PMID: 31673759 PMCID: PMC6858391 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-019-04247-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 10/24/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We aimed to investigate if hereditary factors, leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and metabolic health interact with resting fat oxidation (RFO) and peak fat oxidation (PFO) during ergometer cycling. METHODS We recruited 23 male monozygotic twin pairs (aged 32-37 years) and determined their RFO and PFO with indirect calorimetry for 21 and 19 twin pairs and for 43 and 41 twin individuals, respectively. Using physical activity interviews and the Baecke questionnaire, we identified 10 twin pairs as LTPA discordant for the past 3 years. Of the twin pairs, 8 pairs participated in both RFO and PFO measurements, and 2 pairs participated in either of the measurements. We quantified the participants' metabolic health with a 2-h oral glucose tolerance test. RESULTS Fat oxidation within co-twins was correlated at rest [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.54, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.15-0.78] and during exercise (ICC = 0.67, 95% CI 0.33-0.86). The LTPA-discordant pairs had no pairwise differences in RFO or PFO. In the twin individual-based analysis, PFO was positively correlated with the past 12-month LTPA (r = 0.26, p = 0.034) and the Baecke score (r = 0.40, p = 0.022) and negatively correlated with the area under the curve of insulin (r = - 0.42, p = 0.015) and glucose (r = - 0.31, p = 0.050) during the oral glucose tolerance test. CONCLUSIONS Hereditary factors were more important than LTPA for determining fat oxidation at rest and during exercise. Additionally, PFO, but not RFO, was associated with better metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jari E Karppinen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland.
| | - Mirva Rottensteiner
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Central Finland Health Care District, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Petri Wiklund
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Exercise Translational Medicine Center and Shanghai Center for Systems Biomedicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Eija K Laakkonen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
- Gerontology Research Center, Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Heikki Kainulainen
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Faculty of Sport and Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä, Jyväskylä, Finland
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Zhang X, Speakman JR. Genetic Factors Associated With Human Physical Activity: Are Your Genes Too Tight To Prevent You Exercising? Endocrinology 2019; 160:840-852. [PMID: 30721946 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The benefits of physical activity (PA) on health and fitness are well known. It has become apparent from studies of heritability that there is a considerable genetic component to PA. However, PA is such a complex phenotype that the measurement and quantification of it provide a challenge to a clearer understanding of its genetic basis. In this review, we assessed available evidence from family and twin studies that have estimated the heritability of PA. Heritability is greater when evaluated by accelerometry compared with questionnaires, and for questionnaires higher in twin than family studies. Accelerometry studies suggest heritability of PA is 51% to 56%. There have been many genome-wide linkage studies, candidate gene studies, and four genome-wide association studies that have highlighted specific genetic factors linked to different PA levels. These studies have generally failed to replicate identified loci, with the exception of the melanocortin 4 receptor, and this may be because of the variability in the measurement techniques used to characterize the behavior. Future work should aim to standardize the procedures used to measure PA in the context of trying to identify genetic causes. The link of genetics to physical exercise is not so tight that it prevents voluntary interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shijingshan District, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
| | - John R Speakman
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, People's Republic of China
- Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
- CAS Center of Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, People's Republic of China
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Lightfoot JT, DE Geus EJC, Booth FW, Bray MS, DEN Hoed M, Kaprio J, Kelly SA, Pomp D, Saul MC, Thomis MA, Garland T, Bouchard C. Biological/Genetic Regulation of Physical Activity Level: Consensus from GenBioPAC. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2019; 50:863-873. [PMID: 29166322 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Physical activity unquestionably maintains and improves health; however, physical activity levels globally are low and not rising despite all the resources devoted to this goal. Attention in both the research literature and the public policy domain has focused on social-behavioral factors; however, a growing body of literature suggests that biological determinants play a significant role in regulating physical activity levels. For instance, physical activity level, measured in various manners, has a genetic component in both humans and nonhuman animal models. This consensus article, developed as a result of an American College of Sports Medicine-sponsored round table, provides a brief review of the theoretical concepts and existing literature that supports a significant role of genetic and other biological factors in the regulation of physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Future research on physical activity regulation should incorporate genetics and other biological determinants of physical activity instead of a sole reliance on social and other environmental determinants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Timothy Lightfoot
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Eco J C DE Geus
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Frank W Booth
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Molly S Bray
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Marcel DEN Hoed
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Scott A Kelly
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Daniel Pomp
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Michael C Saul
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Martine A Thomis
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Theodore Garland
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
| | - Claude Bouchard
- Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX.,Department of Health and Kinesiology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX
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Aaltonen S, Kaprio J, Kujala UM, Pulkkinen L, Rose RJ, Silventoinen K. The Interplay between Genes and Psychosocial Home Environment on Physical Activity. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2017; 50:691-699. [PMID: 29194096 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000001506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Genetic factors contribute to individual differences in physical activity, but it remains uncertain whether the magnitude of the genetic effects is modified by variations in home environments. We aimed to examine to what extent the psychosocial home environment in childhood and adolescence modifies the genetic influences on leisure time physical activity in young adulthood. METHODS Participants were Finnish twins (N = 3305) who reported their leisure time physical activity at age 24 yr. The psychosocial home environment was assessed by twins at ages 12, 14, and 17 yr, as well as by their parents when the twins were age 12 yr. Gene-environment interaction modeling was performed with OpenMx software. RESULTS Parental ratings of positive home atmosphere as well as the twins' ratings of both positive home atmosphere at age 14 yr and lower relational tensions at ages 12 and 14 yr predicted higher leisure time physical activity levels in young adulthood (regression coefficients = 0.33-0.64). Parental perceptions as well as the twins' perceptions of positive home atmosphere at ages 14 and 17 yr increased the additive genetic variation (moderation effects: 0.55, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.29-0.80; 0.60, 95% CI = 0.26-1.05; and 0.52, 95% CI = 0.19-0.87, respectively). The twins' ratings of positive home atmosphere at age 12 yr and lower relational tensions at ages 12 and 14 yr increased the unique environmental variation of their subsequent physical activity (moderation effects: 0.46, 95% CI = 0.19-0.60; 0.48, 95% CI = 0.29-0.64; and 0.85, 95% CI = 0.12-0.95, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A psychosocial home environment that is warm and supportive in childhood and adolescence not only increases the mean level of subsequent leisure time physical activity in young adulthood but also modifies the genetic and environmental variances in leisure time physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Aaltonen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND.,Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND.,Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Urho M Kujala
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Lea Pulkkinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Richard J Rose
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
| | - Karri Silventoinen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FINLAND
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Mäkelä S, Aaltonen S, Korhonen T, Rose RJ, Kaprio J. Diversity of leisure-time sport activities in adolescence as a predictor of leisure-time physical activity in adulthood. Scand J Med Sci Sports 2017; 27:1902-1912. [PMID: 28106293 PMCID: PMC5806530 DOI: 10.1111/sms.12837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Because sustained physical activity is important for a healthy life, this paper examined whether a greater diversity of sport activities during adolescence predicts higher levels of leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) in adulthood. From sport activity participation reported by 17-year-old twins, we formed five groups: 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5+ different sport activities. At follow-up in their mid-thirties, twins were divided into four activity classes based on LTPA, including active commuting. Multinomial regression analyses, adjusted for several confounders, were conducted separately for male (N=1288) and female (N=1770) participants. Further, conditional logistic regression analysis included 23 twin pairs discordant for both diversity of sport activities in adolescence and LTPA in adulthood. The diversity of leisure-time sport activities in adolescence had a significant positive association with adulthood LTPA among females. Membership in the most active adult quartile, compared to the least active quartile, was predicted by participation in 2, 3, 4, and 5+ sport activities in adolescence with odds ratios: 1.52 (P=.11), 1.86 (P=.02), 1.29 (P=.39), and 3.12 (P=5.4e-05), respectively. Within-pair analyses, limited by the small sample of twins discordant for both adolescent activities and adult outcomes, did not replicate the association. A greater diversity of leisure-time sport activities in adolescence predicts higher levels of LTPA in adulthood in females, but the causal nature of this association remains unresolved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mäkelä
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Aaltonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Tellervo Korhonen
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Richard J. Rose
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Health, National Institute of Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
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Silventoinen K, Gouveia É, Jelenkovic A, Maia J, Antunes AM, Pinheiro de Carvalho MAA, Brehm AM, Thomis M, Lefevre J, Kaprio J, Freitas D. The Genetic Background of Metabolic Trait Clusters in Children and Adolescents. Metab Syndr Relat Disord 2017; 15:329-336. [PMID: 28727943 DOI: 10.1089/met.2017.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Karri Silventoinen
- Population Research Unit, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Élvio Gouveia
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Center for the Interdisciplinary Study of Gerontology and Vulnerability, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Aline Jelenkovic
- Population Research Unit, Department of Social Research, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Genetics, Physical Anthropology and Animal Physiology, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Leioa, Spain
| | - José Maia
- Faculty of Sport, Centre of Research, Education, Innovation and Intervention in Sport, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - António M. Antunes
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | | | - António M. Brehm
- Human Genetics Laboratory, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
| | - Martine Thomis
- Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Johan Lefevre
- Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland (FIMM), University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Public Health, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Duarte Freitas
- Department of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester, United Kingdom
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Huppertz C, Bartels M, de Zeeuw EL, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Hudziak JJ, Willemsen G, Boomsma DI, de Geus EJC. Individual Differences in Exercise Behavior: Stability and Change in Genetic and Environmental Determinants From Age 7 to 18. Behav Genet 2016; 46:665-679. [DOI: 10.1007/s10519-016-9799-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Caneiro JP, Labie C, Sulley E, Briggs AM, Straker LM, Burnett AF, O'Sullivan PB. An exploration of familial associations of two movement pattern-derived subgroups of chronic disabling low back pain; a cross-sectional cohort study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 22:202-10. [PMID: 26874816 DOI: 10.1016/j.math.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Altered movement patterns with pain have been demonstrated in children, adolescents and adults with chronic disabling low back pain (CDLBP). A previously developed classification system has identified different subgroups including active extension and multidirectional patterns in patients with CDLBP. While familial associations have been identified for certain spinal postures in standing, it is unknown whether a familial relationship might exist between movement pattern-derived subgroups in families with CDLBP. OBJECTIVES This study explored whether familial associations in movement pattern-derived subgroups within and between members of families with CDLBP existed. DESIGN Cross-sectional cohort study. METHOD 33 parents and 28 children with CDLBP were classified into two subgroups based on clinical analysis of video footage of postures and functional movements, combined with aggravating factors obtained from Oswestry Disability Questionnaire. Prevalence of subgroups within family members was determined, associations between parent and child's subgroup membership was evaluated using Fisher's exact test, and spearman's correlation coefficient was used to determine the strength of association between familial dyads. RESULTS The majority of parents were classified as active extenders, sons predominately multidirectional and daughters were evenly distributed between the two subgroups. No significant association was found when comparing subgroups in nine parent-child relationships. CONCLUSIONS The exploration of a small cohort of family dyads in this study demonstrated that children's movement pattern-derived subgroups could not be explained by their parents' subgroup membership. These results cannot be generalised to the CLBP population due to this study's small sample. Larger sample studies are needed to further elucidate this issue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Paulo Caneiro
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia.
| | - Céline Labie
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia.
| | - Emma Sulley
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia.
| | - Andrew M Briggs
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia; Arthritis and Osteoporosis Victoria, Australia.
| | - Leon M Straker
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia.
| | - Angus F Burnett
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, PO Box 29222, Doha, Qatar; School of Exercise and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Peter B O'Sullivan
- School of Physiotherapy and Exercise Science, Faculty of Health Science, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia.
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Elhakeem A, Cooper R, Bann D, Hardy R. Childhood socioeconomic position and adult leisure-time physical activity: a systematic review. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2015; 12:92. [PMID: 26138985 PMCID: PMC4501082 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-015-0250-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Regular leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) benefits health and is thought to be less prevalent in lower socioeconomic groups. Evidence suggests that childhood socioeconomic circumstances can impact on adult health and behaviour however, it is unclear if this includes an influence on adult LTPA. This review tested the hypothesis that a lower childhood socioeconomic position (SEP) is associated with less frequent LTPA during adulthood. Studies were located through a systematic search of MEDLINE, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus and by searching reference lists. Eligible studies were English-language publications testing the association between any indicator of childhood SEP and an LTPA outcome measured during adulthood. Forty-five papers from 36 studies, most of which were European, were included. In most samples, childhood SEP and LTPA were self-reported in midlife. Twenty-two studies found evidence to support the review's hypothesis and thirteen studies found no association. Accounting for own adult SEP partly attenuated associations. There was more evidence of an association in British compared with Scandinavian cohorts and in women compared with men. Results did not vary by childhood SEP indicator or age at assessment of LTPA. This review found evidence of an association between less advantaged childhood SEP and less frequent LTPA during adulthood. Understanding how associations vary by gender and place could provide insights into underlying pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Elhakeem
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, UK.
| | - Rachel Cooper
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, UK.
| | - David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, UCL Institute of Education, 20 Bedford Way, London, WC1H 0AL, UK.
| | - Rebecca Hardy
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, 33 Bedford Place, London, WC1B 5JU, UK.
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16
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Allen MS, Laborde S. The Role of Personality in Sport and Physical Activity. CURRENT DIRECTIONS IN PSYCHOLOGICAL SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0963721414550705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
There is now good evidence that athletic success and participation in physical activity can be predicted by personality traits. In this article, we review new studies that have contributed to our understanding of these relationships and outline potential avenues of inquiry to support the development of personality-trait research in exercise and sport. Our review identified a number of novel findings from contemporary studies. In the context of sport performance, new studies have demonstrated that personality traits relate to long-term athletic success, interpersonal relationships, and athletes’ psychological states before, during, and after competitions. In the context of health-related exercise, new studies have demonstrated that personality traits relate to leisure-time sitting time, strength and mobility in old age, and unhealthy (addictive) exercise behaviors. There is also evidence that physical activity contributes to personality change. Our recommendations include a more targeted focus on adolescence (as this is the age of greatest change in personality and sport participation) and a greater consideration of consultant personality traits in applied research and professional practice (given their role in intervention effectiveness).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sylvain Laborde
- EA 4260, University of Caen
- Department of Performance Psychology, German Sport University Cologne
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Aaltonen S, Kujala UM, Kaprio J. Factors behind leisure-time physical activity behavior based on Finnish twin studies: the role of genetic and environmental influences and the role of motives. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:931820. [PMID: 24809061 PMCID: PMC3997869 DOI: 10.1155/2014/931820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2014] [Accepted: 03/06/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Different approaches are being taken to clarify the role of various factors in the development of physical activity behaviors. Genetic studies are a new area of physical activity research and also the motives for physical activity have been widely studied. The purpose of this paper is to review the findings emerging from the longitudinal genetic studies on leisure-time physical activity and to evaluate the associations between motivational factors and leisure-time physical activity. The focus is to review recent findings of longitudinal Finnish twin studies. The results of the latest longitudinal Finnish twin studies point to the existence of age-specific genetic and environmental influences on leisure-time physical activity. Variations in environmental factors seem to explain the observed deterioration in leisure-time physical activity levels. A decline in genetic influences is seen first from adolescence to young adulthood and again from the age of thirty to the mid-thirties. In the Finnish twin participants, mastery, physical fitness, and psychological state were the major motivation factors associated with consistent leisure-time physical activity behavior. The results also indicate that intrinsic motivation factors may be important for engagement in leisure-time physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sari Aaltonen
- Department of Public Health, The Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 41, Mannerheimintie 172, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Urho M. Kujala
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Jyväskylä P.O. Box 35, 40014 Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health, The Hjelt Institute, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 41, Mannerheimintie 172, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine, University of Helsinki, P.O. Box 21, Tukholmankatu 8, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Mental Health and Substance Abuse Services, National Institute for Health and Welfare, P.O. Box 30, 00271 Helsinki, Finland
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