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Li K, Feng Q, Niu G, Zhang W, Li Y, Kang M, Xu K, He J, Hou H, Tang BZ. Benzothiazole-Based AIEgen with Tunable Excited-State Intramolecular Proton Transfer and Restricted Intramolecular Rotation Processes for Highly Sensitive Physiological pH Sensing. ACS Sens 2018; 3:920-928. [PMID: 29667395 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In this work, a benzothiazole-based aggregation-induced emission luminogen (AIEgen) of 2-(5-(4-carboxyphenyl)-2-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole (3) was designed and synthesized, which exhibited multifluorescence emissions in different dispersed or aggregated states based on tunable excited-state intramolecular proton transfer (ESIPT) and restricted intramolecular rotation (RIR) processes. 3 was successfully used as a ratiometric fluorescent chemosensor for the detection of pH, which exhibited reversible acid/base-switched yellow/cyan emission transition. More importantly, the pH jump of 3 was very precipitous from 7.0 to 8.0 with a midpoint of 7.5, which was well matched with the physiological pH. This feature makes 3 very suitable for the highly sensitive detection of pH fluctuation in biosamples and neutral water samples. 3 was also successfully used as a ratiometric fluorescence chemosensor for the detection of acidic and basic organic vapors in test papers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai Li
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Qi Feng
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Guangle Niu
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Weijie Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Kang
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kui Xu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Juan He
- College of Chemistry, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Henan University of Technology, Henan 450001, P. R. China
| | - Hongwei Hou
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, P. R. China
| | - Ben Zhong Tang
- Department of Chemistry and Hong Kong Branch of Chinese National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, The Hong Kong University of Science & Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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Posha B, Nambiar SR, Sandhyarani N. Gold atomic cluster mediated electrochemical aptasensor for the detection of lipopolysaccharide. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 101:199-205. [PMID: 29078201 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.10.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We have constructed an aptamer immobilized gold atomic cluster mediated, ultrasensitive electrochemical biosensor (Apt/AuAC/Au) for LPS detection without any additional signal amplification strategy. The aptamer self-assemble onto the gold atomic clusters makes Apt/AuAC/Au an excellent platform for the LPS detection. Differential pulse voltammetry and EIS were used for the quantitative LPS detection. The Apt/AuAC/Au sensor offers an ultrasensitive and selective detection of LPS down to 7.94 × 10-21M level with a wide dynamic range from 0.01 attomolar to 1pM. The sensor exhibited excellent selectivity and stability. The real sample analysis was performed by spiking the diluted insulin sample with various concentration of LPS and obtained recovery within 2% error value. The sensor is found to be more sensitive than most of the literature reports. The simple and easy way of construction of this sensor provides an efficient and promising detection of an even trace amount of LPS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biyas Posha
- Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Nano Science and Technology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut 673601, India
| | - Sindhu R Nambiar
- Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Nano Science and Technology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut 673601, India; CSIR-Central Electrochemical Research Institute, Karaikudi 630006, India
| | - N Sandhyarani
- Nanoscience Research Laboratory, School of Nano Science and Technology, National Institute of Technology, Calicut 673601, India.
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3
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Ozcan C, Balkan S. Multi-residue determination of organochlorine pesticides in vegetables in Kirklareli, Turkey by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2017. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934817070036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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4
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Ozcan C, Cebi UK, Gurbuz MA, Ozer S. Residue Analysis and Determination of IMI Herbicides in Sunflower and Soil by GC–MS. Chromatographia 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10337-017-3307-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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5
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Roman GT, Murphy JP. Improving sensitivity and linear dynamic range of intact protein analysis using a robust and easy to use microfluidic device. Analyst 2017; 142:1073-1083. [DOI: 10.1039/c6an02518h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate an integrated microfluidic LC device coupled to a QTOF capable of improving sensitivity and linearity for intact protein analysis while also tuning the charge state distributions (CSD) of whole antibodies.
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Bogdal C, Chiaia-Hernández AC, Giger W. Recent sediments: environmental chemistry, ecotoxicology and engineering. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:10301-10303. [PMID: 27197654 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-6719-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Accepted: 04/17/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Bogdal
- Institute for Chemical and Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology (ETH Zurich), CH-8093, Zürich, Switzerland
- Institute for Sustainability Sciences (ISS), Agroscope, CH-8046, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Aurea C Chiaia-Hernández
- Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), CH-8600, Dübendorf, Switzerland
| | - Walter Giger
- Giger Research Consulting, CH-8049, Zürich, Switzerland.
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7
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Cai Z, Smith NL, Zhang JT, Asher SA. Two-dimensional photonic crystal chemical and biomolecular sensors. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5013-25. [PMID: 25867803 DOI: 10.1021/ac504679n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
We review recent progress in the development of two-dimensional (2-D) photonic crystal (PC) materials for chemical and biological sensing applications. Self-assembly methods were developed in our laboratory to fabricate 2-D particle array monolayers on mercury and water surfaces. These hexagonal arrays strongly forward Bragg diffract light to report on their array spacings. By embedding these 2-D arrays onto responsive hydrogel surfaces, 2-D PC sensing materials can be fabricated. The 2-D PC sensors utilize responsive polymer hydrogels that are chemically functionalized to show volume phase transitions in selective response to particular chemical species. Novel hydrogels were also developed in our laboratory by cross-linking proteins while preserving their native structures to maintain their selective binding affinities. The volume phase transitions swell or shrink the hydrogels, which alter their 2-D array spacings, and shift their diffraction wavelengths. These shifts can be visually detected or spectrally measured. These 2-D PC sensing materials have been used for the detection of many analytes, such as pH, surfactants, metal ions, proteins, anionic drugs, and ammonia. We are exploring the use of organogels that use low vapor pressure ionic liquids as their mobile phases for sensing atmospheric analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyu Cai
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Natasha L Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Jian-Tao Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
| | - Sanford A Asher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, 219 Parkman Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15260, United States
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Platikanov S, Rodriguez-Mozaz S, Huerta B, Barceló D, Cros J, Batle M, Poch G, Tauler R. Chemometrics quality assessment of wastewater treatment plant effluents using physicochemical parameters and UV absorption measurements. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2014; 140:33-44. [PMID: 24726963 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Chemometric techniques like Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Partial Least Squares Regression (PLS) are used to explore, analyze and model relationships among different water quality parameters in wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). Different data sets generated by laboratory analysis and by an automatic multi-parametric monitoring system with a new designed optical device have been investigated for temporal variations on water quality parameters measured in the water influent and effluent of a WWTP over different time scales. The obtained results allowed the discovery of the more important relationships among the monitored parameters and of their cyclic dependence on time (daily, monthly and annual cycles) and on different plant management procedures. This study intended also the modeling and prediction of concentrations of several water components and parameters, especially relevant for water quality assessment, such as Dissolved Organic Matter (DOM), Total Organic Carbon (TOC) nitrate, detergent, and phenol concentrations. PLS models were built to correlate target concentrations of these constituents with UV spectra measured in samples collected at (1) laboratory conditions (in synthetic water mixtures); and at (2) WWTP conditions (in real water samples from the plant). Using synthetic water mixtures, specific wavelengths were selected with the aim to establish simple and reliable prediction models, which gave good relative predictions with errors of around 3-4% for nitrates, detergent and phenols concentrations and of around 15% for the DOM in external validation. In the case of nitrate and TOC concentrations modeling in real water samples from the effluent of the WWTP using the reduced spectral data set, results were also promising with low prediction errors (less than 20%).
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Affiliation(s)
- S Platikanov
- IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - S Rodriguez-Mozaz
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA) H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - B Huerta
- Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA) H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - D Barceló
- IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA) H2O Building, Scientific and Technological Park of the University of Girona, Emili Grahit 101, E-17003 Girona, Spain
| | - J Cros
- Adasa Sistemas S.A.U., Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Batle
- Adasa Sistemas S.A.U., Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - R Tauler
- IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034 Barcelona, Spain.
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Espada-Bellido E, Galindo-Riaño MD, García-Vargas M, Narayanaswamy R. Colorimetric solid-phase extraction method for Cu(II) ion determination using 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde benzoylhydrazone as sensing reagent. APPLIED SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 68:413-420. [PMID: 24694697 DOI: 10.1366/13-07126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
A new sensor based on the use of 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde benzoylhydrazone as a colorimetric reagent immobilized onto styrenedivinylbenzene disks has been carried out for the determination of Cu(II) ions within several minutes. The sensor is designed on a rapid and easy two-step procedure: (1) the extraction of Cu(II) ions onto a disk loaded with the copper-selective colorimetric reagent and (2) the determination of the complexed analyte directly on the surface of the disk using diffuse reflectance measurements at 400 nm. The color of the disk changed from white to green in the presence of Cu(II) ions. The work herein details the optimization of the sensing system employing a fractional factorial design 3(3-1) considering three variables (pH, immobilization time, and amount of ligand immobilized onto the disk). The Pareto chart and response surfaces in a spherical domain indicated that the optimum conditions for the sensing of copper ions were pH = 7, with a ligand immobilization time of 10 min and 6.25 mg of reagent loaded onto the disk. Under the optimum conditions, the analytical parameters of the proposed method were determined. The calibration graph was linear over the range of 0 to 2.5 mg L(-1) of Cu(II) with a detection limit of 0.21 mg L(-1). The relative standard deviation for six measurements of 1 mg L(-1) of Cu(II) was found to be 4.87%. The interference from inorganic salts and other metals was found not to be of major concern when monitoring copper ions in water samples. The simplicity and rapidity of this technique make it convenient and amenable for on-site and routine analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estrella Espada-Bellido
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, University of Cadiz, P.O. Box 11510, Campus Río S. Pedro, Puerto Real, Cadiz 11510 Spain
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10
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Xie X, Bakker E. Non-Severinghaus Potentiometric Dissolved CO2 Sensor with Improved Characteristics. Anal Chem 2013; 85:1332-6. [DOI: 10.1021/ac303534v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojiang Xie
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211
Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Eric Bakker
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Geneva, Quai Ernest-Ansermet 30, CH-1211
Geneva, Switzerland
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11
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Nambiar SR, Aneesh PK, Rao TP. Ultrasensitive voltammetric determination of catechol at a gold atomic cluster/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) nanocomposite electrode. Analyst 2013; 138:5031-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00518f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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12
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INOUE M, MIZUGUCHI A, UETA I, TAKAHASHI K, SAITO Y. Rapid On-Site Air Sampling with a Needle Extraction Device for Evaluating the Indoor Air Environment in School Facilities. ANAL SCI 2013; 29:519-25. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.29.519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuru INOUE
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
- Okazaki Technical Senior High School
| | | | - Ikuo UETA
- Department of Applied Chemistry, University of Yamanashi
| | - Kazuya TAKAHASHI
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
| | - Yoshihiro SAITO
- Department of Environmental and Life Sciences, Toyohashi University of Technology
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13
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de Blas M, Navazo M, Alonso L, Durana N, Iza J. Automatic on-line monitoring of atmospheric volatile organic compounds: gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-flame ionization detection as complementary systems. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2011; 409:5459-5469. [PMID: 21978614 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2011.08.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2011] [Revised: 08/31/2011] [Accepted: 08/31/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally air quality networks have been carrying out the continuous, on-line measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOC) in ambient air with GC-FID. In this paper some identification and coelution problems observed while using this technique in long-term measurement campaigns are described. In order to solve these problems a GC-MS was set up and operated simultaneously with a GC-FID for C2-C11 VOCs measurement. There are few on-line, unattended, long term measurements of atmospheric VOCs performed with GC-MS. In this work such a system has been optimized for that purpose, achieving good repeatability, linearity, and detection limits of the order of the GC-FID ones, even smaller in some cases. VOC quantification has been made by using response factors, which is not frequent in on-line GC-MS. That way, the identification and coelution problems detected in the GC-FID, which may led to reporting erroneous data, could be corrected. The combination of GC-FID and GC-MS as complementary techniques for the measurement of speciated VOCs in ambient air at sub-ppbv levels is proposed. Some results of the measurements are presented, including concentration values for some compounds not found until now on public ambient air VOC databases, which were identified and quantified combining both techniques. Results may also help to correct previously published VOC data with wrongly identified compounds by reprocessing raw chromatographic data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite de Blas
- Chemical and Environmental Engineering Department, University College of Technical Mining and Civil Engineering, University of the Basque Country, Colina de Beurco s/n, 48902 Barakaldo, Spain.
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Naranchimeg O, Kim SK, Jeon SW. The Modified Electrode by PEDOP with MWCNTs-Palladium Nanoparticles for the Determination of hydroquinone and Catechol. B KOREAN CHEM SOC 2011. [DOI: 10.5012/bkcs.2011.32.8.2771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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15
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Su Y, Hung H. Inter-laboratory comparison study on measuring semi-volatile organic chemicals in standards and air samples. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:3365-71. [PMID: 20813443 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2010.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2010] [Revised: 07/19/2010] [Accepted: 07/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of semi-volatile organic chemicals (SVOCs) were compared among 21 laboratories from 7 countries through the analysis of standards, a blind sample, an air extract, and an atmospheric dust sample. Measurement accuracy strongly depended on analytes, laboratories, and types of standards and samples. Intra-laboratory precision was generally good with relative standard deviations (RSDs) of triplicate injections <10% and with median differences of duplicate samples between 2.1 and 22%. Inter-laboratory variability, measured by RSDs of all measurements, was in the range of 2.8-58% in analyzing standards, and 6.9-190% in analyzing blind sample and air extract. Inter-laboratory precision was poorer when samples were subject to cleanup processes, or when SVOCs were quantified at low concentrations. In general, inter-laboratory differences up to a factor of 2 can be expected to analyze atmospheric SVOCs. When comparing air measurements from different laboratories, caution should be exercised if the data variability is less than the inter-laboratory differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yushan Su
- Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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16
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An overview of sample preparation and extraction of synthetic pyrethroids from water, sediment and soil. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:5537-54. [PMID: 20650460 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2010.06.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2009] [Revised: 05/29/2010] [Accepted: 06/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The latest developments in sample preparation and extraction of synthetic pyrethroids from environmental matrices viz., water, sediment and soil were reviewed. Though the synthetic pyrethroids were launched in 1970s, to the best of authors' knowledge there was no review on this subject until date. The present status and recent advances made during the last 10 years in sample preparation including conservation and extraction techniques used in determination of synthetic pyrethroids in water, sediment and soil were discussed. Pre- and post-extraction treatments, sample stability during extraction and its influence upon the whole process of analytical determination were covered. Relative merits and demerits including the green aspects of extraction were evaluated. The current trends and future prospects were also addressed.
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Zaouak O, Authier L, Cugnet C, Normandin E, Champier D, Rivaletto M, Potin-Gautier M. Electroanalytical Device for Cadmium Speciation in Waters. Part 2: Automated System Development and Cadmium Semicontinuous Monitoring. ELECTROANAL 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200900475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Kos G, Ariya PA. Volatile organic compounds in snow in the Quebec-Windsor Corridor. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Afonso DD, Arslan Z, Bednar AJ. Assessment of matrix-dependent analyte stability and volatility during open-vessel sample dissolution for arsenic, cadmium, mercury and selenium. Mikrochim Acta 2009; 167:53-59. [PMID: 20383291 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-009-0218-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The effects of calcium and magnesium (as nitrates) and phosphorous (as hydrogen phosphate) were investigated on the stability of As, Cd, Hg, and Se during open-vessel dissolution in Teflon vessels. Samples of mainly inorganic and biological matrices were dissolved in screw-capped Teflon tubes in HNO(3) only or in a mixture of HNO(3)-HF. The caps were then removed and the solutions were simultaneously evaporated at 120 °C to near dryness without drying the contents (Method I) or to complete dryness with extended heating for 20 min at dryness (Method II). ICP-MS analysis indicated that the stabilities of Se and Hg were highly influenced by Ca, Mg and PO(4) content in the sample. Arsenic (As) and Cd did not show any significant instability or volatility. Selenium was lost in Method II from biological samples containing trace levels of Ca, Mg and PO(4). Mercury was unstable during heating in all samples, except bone ash for which no significant loss was detected in Method I. Losses observed for Hg and Se were consistent with Ca, Mg and PO(4) deficiency in the samples and hence indicated that nitrate and hydrogen phosphate salts of these matrix elements do improve stability of the relatively volatile elements during open-vessel dissolution in teflon vessels. While Se was effectively stabilized with sub-per cent levels of Ca, Mg and PO(4), Hg due its high volatility required significantly higher levels of Ca and PO(4) in the bone ash.
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Affiliation(s)
- Domingos D Afonso
- Environmental Science Ph.D. Program, Jackson State University, Jackson, MS 39217, USA
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Li M, Ni F, Wang Y, Xu S, Zhang D, Chen S, Wang L. Sensitive and Facile Determination of Catechol and Hydroquinone Simultaneously Under Coexistence of Resorcinol with a Zn/Al Layered Double Hydroxide Film Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode. ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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21
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Pandey SK, Kim KH. Comparative analysis of odorous volatile organic compounds between direct injection and solid-phase microextraction: Development and validation of a gas chromatography–mass spectrometry-based methodology. J Chromatogr A 2009; 1216:5436-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Revised: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 05/12/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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22
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Kim KH, Pandey SK, Pal R. Analytical bias among different gas chromatographic approaches using standard BTX gases and exhaust samples. J Sep Sci 2009; 32:549-58. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.200800556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Critical review on recent developments in solventless techniques for extraction of analytes. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 393:809-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2437-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2008] [Accepted: 09/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Dong J, Qu X, Wang L, Zhao C, Xu J. Electrochemistry of Nitrogen-Doped Carbon Nanotubes (CNx) with Different Nitrogen Content and Its Application in Simultaneous Determination of Dihydroxybenzene Isomers. ELECTROANAL 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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25
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Tollbäck J, Bigatá MB, Crescenzi C, Ström J. Feasibility of Analyzing Fine Particulate Matter in Air Using Solid-Phase Extraction Membranes and Dynamic Subcritical Water Extraction. Anal Chem 2008; 80:3159-67. [DOI: 10.1021/ac7021458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Tollbäck
- Departments of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, Stockholm, S-106 91, Sweden
| | - María Blasco Bigatá
- Departments of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, Stockholm, S-106 91, Sweden
| | - Carlo Crescenzi
- Departments of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, Stockholm, S-106 91, Sweden
| | - Johan Ström
- Departments of Analytical Chemistry and Applied Environmental Science (ITM), Stockholm University, Stockholm, S-106 91, Sweden
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Naik RM, Singh PK, Rastogi R, Singh R, Agarwal A. Kinetic-Catalytic and Spectrophotometric Determination of Hg(II) Using its Catalytic Effect on Ligand Substitution Reaction between Hexacyanoferrate(II) and Pyrazine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/adic.200790103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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27
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Arslan Z, Tyson JF. Determination of trace elements in siliceous samples by ICP-MS after precipitation of silicon as sodium fluorosilicate. Mikrochim Acta 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-007-0809-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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28
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Simultaneous voltammetric determination of dihydroxybenzene isomers using a poly(acid chrome blue K)/carbon nanotube composite electrode. Mikrochim Acta 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-006-0682-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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29
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Muir D, Sverko E. Analytical methods for PCBs and organochlorine pesticides in environmental monitoring and surveillance: a critical appraisal. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 386:769-89. [PMID: 17047943 PMCID: PMC1705481 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0765-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2006] [Revised: 08/08/2006] [Accepted: 08/14/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Analytical methods for the analysis of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) are widely available and are the result of a vast amount of environmental analytical method development and research on persistent organic pollutants (POPs) over the past 30-40 years. This review summarizes procedures and examines new approaches for extraction, isolation, identification and quantification of individual congeners/isomers of the PCBs and OCPs. Critical to the successful application of this methodology is the collection, preparation, and storage of samples, as well as specific quality control and reporting criteria, and therefore these are also discussed. With the signing of the Stockholm convention on POPs and the development of global monitoring programs, there is an increased need for laboratories in developing countries to determine PCBs and OCPs. Thus, while this review attempts to summarize the current best practices for analysis of PCBs and OCPs, a major focus is the need for low-cost methods that can be easily implemented in developing countries. A "performance based" process is described whereby individual laboratories can adapt methods best suited to their situations. Access to modern capillary gas chromatography (GC) equipment with either electron capture or low-resolution mass spectrometry (MS) detection to separate and quantify OCP/PCBs is essential. However, screening of samples, especially in areas of known use of OCPs or PCBs, could be accomplished with bioanalytical methods such as specific commercially available enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assays and thus this topic is also reviewed. New analytical techniques such two-dimensional GC (2D-GC) and "fast GC" using GC-ECD may be well-suited for broader use in routine PCB/OCP analysis in the near future given their relatively low costs and ability to provide high-resolution separations of PCB/OCPs. Procedures with low environmental impact (SPME, microscale, low solvent use, etc.) are increasingly being used and may be particularly suited to developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek Muir
- Environment Canada, Water Science and Technology Division, 867 Lakeshore Road, Burlington, ON, L7R 4A6, Canada.
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30
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Lourenço ND, Chaves CL, Novais JM, Menezes JC, Pinheiro HM, Diniz D. UV spectra analysis for water quality monitoring in a fuel park wastewater treatment plant. CHEMOSPHERE 2006; 65:786-91. [PMID: 16650456 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2006.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2005] [Revised: 03/15/2006] [Accepted: 03/18/2006] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
In the context of the high application potentials for on-line measurements in wastewater quality monitoring, UV spectroscopy has received recent attention. In the present work UV spectrophotometric analyses were coupled to principal component analysis (PCA) and cluster analysis (CA) to characterize samples taken from a fuel park wastewater treatment plant and to attempt preliminary contaminant identification in the treated wastewater. The score plot resulting from PCA identified two different groups of spectra, one including the influents to the biological reactor and the other the treated wastewater samples. Among the latter, weekday and weekend samples could be further distinguished. The same groups of samples were identified in a dendrogram from CA. The score plot and the dendrogram also allowed the tentative identification of employed process chemicals (lubricant and detergents) as residual contaminants in the treated effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- N D Lourenço
- Centro de Engenharia Biológica e Química, Instituto Superior Técnico, Av Rovisco Pais, Lisboa, Portugal
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31
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Kos G, Ariya PA. Determination of a wide range of volatile and semivolatile organic compounds in snow by use of solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME). Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 385:57-66. [PMID: 16544130 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0333-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2005] [Revised: 01/19/2006] [Accepted: 01/23/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Quantification and transformation of organic compounds are pivotal in understanding atmospheric processes, because such compounds contribute to the oxidative capacity of the atmosphere and drive climate change. It has recently been recognized that chemical reactions in snow play a role in the production or destruction of photolabile volatile organic compounds (VOC). We present an environmentally friendly method for determination of VOC and semi-VOC in snow collected at three sites-remote, urban, and (sub-)arctic. A solid-phase micro-extraction (SPME) procedure was developed and (semi-)VOC were identified by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (GC-MS). A broad spectrum of (semi-)VOC was found in snow samples, including aldehydes, and aromatic and halogenated compounds. Quantification was performed for 12 aromatic and/or oxygenated compounds frequently observed in snow by use of neat standard solutions. The concentrations detected were between 0.12 (styrene and ethylbenzene) and 316 microg L(-1) (toluene) and limits of detection varied between 0.11 (styrene) and 1.93 microg L(-1) (benzaldehyde). These results indicate that the SPME technique presented is a broad but selective, versatile, solvent-free, ecological, economical, and facile method of analysis for (semi-)VOC in natural snow samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregor Kos
- Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences, McGill University, 805 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, H3A 2K6, Canada.
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32
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Jia C, Batterman S, Chernyak S. Development and comparison of methods using MS scan and selective ion monitoring modes for a wide range of airborne VOCs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 8:1029-42. [PMID: 17240909 DOI: 10.1039/b607042f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Adsorbent sampling with analysis by thermal desorption, gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (TD/GC/MS) offers many advantages for volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and thus is increasingly used in many applications. For environmental samples and other complex mixtures, the MS detector typically is operated in the scan mode to aid identification of co-eluting compounds. However, scan mode does not achieve the optimal sensitivity, thus compounds occurring at low concentrations may not be detected. This paper develops and evaluates the application of a more sensitive TD/GC/MS method using selective ion monitoring (SIM) that is applicable to VOC mixtures found in ambient and indoor air. Based on toxicity and prevalence, 94 VOCs (including terpenes, aromatic, halogenated and aliphatic compounds) were selected as target compounds. Two analytical methods were developed: a conventional full scan method for ions from 29 to 270 m/z; and a SIM method using 16 time windows and different ions selected for the compounds in each window. Both methods used the same Tenax GR adsorbent sampling tubes, TD and GC parameters, and target and qualifier ions. Laboratory tests determined calibrations, method detection limits (MDLs), precisions, recoveries and storage stability. Field tests compared scan and SIM mode analyses for duplicate samples of indoor air in 51 houses and outdoor air at 41 sites. Statistical analyses included the development of error/precision models. The laboratory tests showed that most compounds demonstrated excellent precision (<10% for concentrations exceeding approximately 0.5 microg m(-3)), good linearity, near identical calibrations for scan and SIM modes, a wide dynamic range (up to 1500 microg m(-3)), and negligible storage losses after 1 month (7 compounds showed moderate losses). SIM mode MDLs ranged from 0.004 to 0.27 microg m(-3), representing a modest (1.1 to 22-fold) improvement compared to scan mode. However, in field tests the SIM method detected significantly more compounds (e.g., styrene and chloroform). Error models fit most compounds and allow quantification of errors at selected percentiles. Overall, while the new SIM method is somewhat time-consuming to develop, it offers greater sensitivity and maintains the high selectivity of traditional scan methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunrong Jia
- Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2029, USA
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33
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Kinetic Determination of Mercury(II) at Trace Level from Its Catalytic Effect on a Ligand Substitution Process. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s10809-005-0142-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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34
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Gutiérrez-Dabán A, Fernández-Espinosa AJ, Ternero-Rodríguez M, Fernández-Alvarez F. Particle-size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in urban air in southern Spain. Anal Bioanal Chem 2005; 381:721-36. [PMID: 15688157 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-004-2909-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2004] [Revised: 10/14/2004] [Accepted: 10/19/2004] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The size distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was determined for airborne particles from a large city with high vehicular traffic. The analytical method was optimised and validated using NIST standard reference material (SRM 1649a Urban Dust). The 16 priority PAH listed in the US-EPA were Soxhlet-extracted from filtered particulate matter and then fractionated using on-column chromatography. The aromatic fraction was quantified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Real samples of particles collected in Seville (Spain) were analysed using the validated method. Values for the total concentration of PAH in the air, as well as the concentrations of each PAH in six particle-size ranges were obtained. Values of the PAH in TSP, PM10, PM2.5 and PM1 were assessed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gutiérrez-Dabán
- Department of Analytical Chemistry Prof. F. Pino Pérez, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Seville, C. Profesor García González s/n, 41012, Seville, Spain
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35
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Liu JF, Li N, Jiang GB, Liu JM, Jönsson JA, Wen MJ. Disposable ionic liquid coating for headspace solid-phase microextraction of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes in paints followed by gas chromatography–flame ionization detection. J Chromatogr A 2005; 1066:27-32. [PMID: 15794551 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2005.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 256] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Solid-phase microextraction (SPME) with a disposable ionic liquid (IL) coating was developed for headspace extraction of benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes (BTEX) in paints. The SPME fiber was coated with IL prior to every extraction, then the analytes were extracted and desorbed on the injection port of gas chromatography, and finally the IL coating on the fiber was washed out with solvents. The coating and washing out of IL from the fiber can be finished in a few minutes. This disposable IL-coated fiber was applied to determine BTEX in water-soluble paints with results in good agreement with that obtained by using commercially available SPME fibers. For all the four studied paints samples, the benzene contents were under the detection limits, but relatively high contents of toluene, ethylbenzene and xylenes (56-271 microg g(-1)) were detected with spiked recoveries in the range of 70-114%. Compared to the widely used commercially available SPME fibers, this proposed disposable IL-coated fiber has much lower cost per determination, comparable reproducibility (RSD < 11%), and no carryover between each determination. Considering that IL possess good extractability for various organic compounds and metals ions, and that task-specific IL can be designed and synthesized for selective extraction of target analytes, this disposable IL coating SPME might has great potential in sample preparation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Fu Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, China
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36
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Fedotov PS, Bauer C, Popp P, Wennrich R. Dynamic extraction in rotating coiled columns, a new approach to direct recovery of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from soils. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1023:305-9. [PMID: 14753697 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to the direct recovery of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from environmental solid samples has been proposed. It has been shown that rotating coiled columns (RCCs) earlier used mainly in countercurrent chromatography can be successfully applied to the fast continuous-flow extraction of PAHs from soils. A particulate solid sample was retained in the rotating column as the stationary phase under the action of centrifugal forces while a mixture of organic solvents (acetone-cyclohexane, 1:1, v/v) was continuously pumped through. The separation procedure requires less than half an hour, complete automation being possible. No clean-up step is needed before the subsequent HPLC- analysis of extracts. Besides, the dynamic multistage extraction performed in the rotating column at room temperature and normal pressure may have nearly the same efficiency as accelerated batch solvent extraction repeated three times at 150 degrees C and 14 MPa. Contents of PAHs in extracts obtained by using both methods are in good agreement with the certified data on the PAHs concentrations in the soil samples. The use of appropriate "mild" solvents for the dynamic extraction in rotating columns may be very perspective for the simulation of naturally occurring processes and determination of environmentally-relevant forms of PAHs and other pollutants in environmental solids. A particular emphasis could be placed on time-resolved (kinetic) studies of the mobilization of toxicants in soil systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr S Fedotov
- Vernadsky Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Kosygin Street 19, 119991 Moscow, Russia
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37
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Dincutoiu I, Górecki T, Parker BL. A novel technique for rapid extraction of volatile organohalogen compounds from low permeability media. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2003; 37:3978-3984. [PMID: 12967122 DOI: 10.1021/es0340275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A new method for rapid extraction of Volatile Organic Compounds (VOC) from low permeability, unconsolidated geologic media such as clayey soil has been developed and tested using trichloroethylene (TCE) as the model compound. The technique is based on a combination of sonication and mechanical agitation of the samples. The sample vials, mounted in a special holder attached to an orbital shaker, were immersed in an ultrasonic bath during extraction. The extracts were analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC-ECD). The method was validated using clay samples from a TCE-contaminated industrial site by comparing TCE recoveries to those obtained by the standard methanol extraction. In all cases, the recoveries obtained with the new method were the same or better than the recoveries obtained with the reference method. The extraction time was shortened from 5 days with the standard method to less than 2 h with the new method. The new technique makes it possible to analyze a large number of samples in a short time, without the need for sample preservation and prolonged storage. It has good potential for on-site analysis to facilitate decisions while field investigations are in progress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliana Dincutoiu
- Departments of Chemistry and Earth Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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38
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Psillakis E, Kalogerakis N. Hollow-fibre liquid-phase microextraction of phthalate esters from water. J Chromatogr A 2003; 999:145-53. [PMID: 12885059 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00390-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A simple and efficient liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) technique using a hollow-fibre membrane, in conjunction with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry has been developed for the extraction and analysis of six phthalate esters in water samples. Parameters such as extraction solvent, agitation of the sample, salt addition and extraction time were controlled and optimised. The developed protocol was found to yield a linear calibration curve in the concentration range from 0.02 to 10 microg l(-1) for most target analytes and the limits of detection were in the low microg l(-1) level, ranging between 0.005 and 0.1 microg l(-1). The repeatability of the method varied between 4% and 11%. Under the present experimental conditions, the performance of the method was found comparable to that of solid-phase microextraction (SPME). The advantage of the proposed method over SPME was that it eliminated carry-over of analytes between runs. The applicability of the developed hollow-fibre LPME method and SPME was demonstrated for real water samples. The ability of both microextraction methods to concentrate many organic analytes was demonstrated as both methods allowed the confirmation of the presence of an extra contaminant (ethyl p-ethoxybenzoate) in bottled mineral water samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elefteria Psillakis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Crete, Polytechneioupolis, GR-73100 Chania, Crete, Greece.
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan D. Richardson
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605
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40
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Aupiais J, Delorme A, Baglan N. Determination of the absolute mobility and the equivalent ionic conductivity of NpO2+ at 25 degrees C and at infinite dilution by capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2003; 994:199-206. [PMID: 12779230 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(03)00453-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The absolute mobility of NpO2+ and its equivalent ionic conductivity were extrapolated at 25 degrees C and at infinite dilution using a set of experimental data obtained at various ionic strengths. The separation was carried out by capillary electrophoresis (CE) at various concentrations of creatinine at a pH of 5. The detection of NpO2+ was performed by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry coupled on-line with CE. The following values have been found: mu0NpO2+ (25 degrees C) = (2.94 +/- 0.07) x 10(-4) cm2 V(-1) s(-1) and lambda0NpO2+ (x 10(4), 25 degrees C) = 28.3 +/- 0.7 m2 S mol(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- J Aupiais
- CEA, DASE/RCE, BP 12, 91680 Bruyères-le-Châtel, France.
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41
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42
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Merino F, Rubio S, Pérez-Bendito D. Acid-induced cloud point extraction and preconcentration of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from environmental solid samples. J Chromatogr A 2002; 962:1-8. [PMID: 12198954 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(02)00503-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
The effectiveness of the acid-induced phase separation of anionic surfactants (acid-induced cloud point extraction, ACPE) to extract polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from different environmental samples (soils, sediments and sludges), prior to chromatographic analysis, was evaluated. Variables affecting the ACPE efficiency were optimised using a natural matrix (a harbour sediment, CRM 535). Temperature, surfactant concentration and stirring were of primary importance to maximise recovery, whereas temperature and surfactant/hydrochloric acid concentration influenced the volume of the surfactant-rich phase and therefore the preconcentration factor achieved. The optimal conditions (2% sodium dodecanesulphonate (SDoS), 4.2 M HCl, 60 degrees C, 1 h) were applied to the extraction of PAHs from various matrices and the ACPE recoveries compared to certified results from Soxhlet extractions. Recoveries obtained for four to five aromatic ring PAHs ranged from 71 to 98%. Uncertainties obtained using ACPE were similar to or lower than those provided for the certified values. The volume of the extracts ranged from 1 to 2 ml. The method did not require additional clean-up or preconcentration steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Merino
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Facultad de Ciencias, Edificio Anexo Marie Curie, Campus de Rabanales, 14071-Córdoba, Spain
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43
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Richardson SD. Environmental mass spectrometry: emerging contaminants and current issues. Anal Chem 2002; 74:2719-41. [PMID: 12090660 DOI: 10.1021/ac020211h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Susan D Richardson
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Athens, Georgia 30605, USA
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