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Soleimani A, Amirghasemi F, Al-Shami A, Khazaee Nejad S, Tsung A, Wang Y, Lara Galindo S, Parvin D, Olson A, Avishai A, Mousavi MPS. Towards sustainable and humane dairy farming: A low-cost electrochemical sensor for on-site diagnosis of milk fever. Biosens Bioelectron 2024; 259:116321. [PMID: 38749287 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/03/2024]
Abstract
Milk fever is a metabolic disorder that predominantly affects dairy animals during the periparturient period and within four weeks of calving. Milk fever is primarily attributed to a decrease in the animal's serum Ca2+ levels. Clinical milk fever occurs when Ca2+ concentration drops below 1.5 mM (6 mg/dL). Without prompt intervention, clinical milk fever leads to noticeable physical symptoms and health complications including coma and fatality. Subclinical milk fever is characterized by Ca2+ levels between 1.5 and 2.12 mM (6-8.48 mg/dL). Approximately 50% of multiparous dairy cows suffer from subclinical milk fever during the transition to lactation. The economic impact of milk fever, both direct and indirect, is substantial, posing challenges for farmers. To address this issue, we developed a low-cost electrochemical sensor that can measure bovine serum calcium levels on-site, providing an opportunity for early detection of subclinical and clinical milk fever and early intervention. This calcium sensor is a scalable solid contact ion sensing platform that incorporates a polymeric calcium-selective membrane and ionic liquid-based reference membrane into laser-induced graphene (LIG) electrodes. Our sensing platform demonstrates a sensitivity close to the theoretical Nernstian value (29.6 mV/dec) with a limit of detection of 15.6 μM and selectivity against the species in bovine serum. Moreover, our sensor can detect Ca2+ in bovine serum with 91% recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Soleimani
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, 90007, California, United States
| | - Farbod Amirghasemi
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, 90007, California, United States
| | - Abdulrahman Al-Shami
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, 90007, California, United States
| | - Sina Khazaee Nejad
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, 90007, California, United States
| | - Alicia Tsung
- Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 925 Bloom Walk HED 216, Los Angeles, 90007, California, United States
| | - Yuxuan Wang
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, 90007, California, United States
| | - Sandra Lara Galindo
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, 90007, California, United States
| | - Delaram Parvin
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, 90007, California, United States
| | - Amber Olson
- Chaska Valley Veterinary Clinic, 115 W 3rd Street, Chaska, 55318, Minnesota, United States
| | - Amir Avishai
- Core Center for Excellence in Nano Imaging, University of Southern California, 925 Bloom Walk, Los Angeles, 90089, California, United States
| | - Maral P S Mousavi
- Alfred E. Mann Department of Biomedical Engineering, Viterbi School of Engineering, University of Southern California, 1042 Downey Way, Los Angeles, 90007, California, United States.
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2
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Honig ML, Haba A, O'Leary KMF, Robinson EEA, Madungwe KV, Lin Y, McGuire C, Bühlmann P. Improvement of the Upper Detection Limit of Ionophore-Based H +-Selective Electrodes: Explanation and Elimination of Apparently Super-Nernstian Responses. Anal Chem 2024; 96:9901-9908. [PMID: 38850234 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.4c00984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2024]
Abstract
The response range of an ion-selective electrode (ISE) has been described by counterion interference at the lower and Donnan failure at the upper detection limit. This approach fails when the potentiometric response at the upper detection limit exhibits an apparently super-Nernstian response, as has been reported repeatedly for H+-selective electrodes. While also observed when samples contain other anions, super-Nernstian responses at low pH are a problem in particular for samples that contain phthalate, a common component of commercial pH calibration solutions. This work shows that coextraction of H+ and a sample anion into the sensing membrane alone does not explain these super-Nernstian responses, even when membrane-internal diffusion potentials are taken into account. Instead, these super-Nernstian responses are explained by the formation of complexes between that anion and at least two protonated ionophore molecules. As demonstrated by experiments and explained with quantitative phase boundary models, the apparently super-Nernstian responses at low pH can be eliminated by restricting the molecular ratio of ionophore and ionic sites. Notably, this conclusion results in recommendations for the optimization of sensing membranes that, in some instances, will conflict with previously reported recommendations from the ionic site theory for the optimization of the lower detection limit. This mechanistic insight is key to maximizing the response range of these ionophore-based ISEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline L Honig
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ariki Haba
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Katie M F O'Leary
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Emily E A Robinson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Kuzivakwashe V Madungwe
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Ye Lin
- Emerson Automation Solutions, 6021 Innovation Boulevard, Shakopee, Minnesota 55379, United States
| | - Chad McGuire
- Emerson Automation Solutions, 6021 Innovation Boulevard, Shakopee, Minnesota 55379, United States
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Li Y, Zhu X, Ding J, Qin W. Robust Potentiometric Microelectrodes for In Situ Sensing of Ion Fluxes with High Sensitivity. Anal Chem 2023; 95:18754-18759. [PMID: 37989258 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c03267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Simple, reproducible, and reliable preparation of robust potentiometric microelectrodes is both challenging and of great importance for noninvasive real-time ion sensing. Herein, we report a simple strategy for the large-scale synthesis of nickel cobalt sulfide (NiCo2S4) nanowire arrays grown on carbon fibers for potentiometric microelectrodes. The highly uniform NiCo2S4 nanowire array serving as a transduction layer can provide a high capillary pressure and viscous resistance for loading the ion sensing membrane and exhibit a large redox capacitance for improving the stability. An all-solid-state lead-selective microelectrode, which presents a detection limit of 2.5 × 10-8 M in the simulated soil solution, was designed as a model for noninvasive, in situ, and real-time detection of ion fluxes near the rice root surface. Importantly, the microsensor enables sensitive detection of trace-level ion-fluxes. This work provides a simple yet general strategy for designing potentiometric microelectrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Li
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yantai University, Yantai, Shandong 264005, P. R. China
| | - Xu Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, Shandong 266580, P. R. China
| | - Jiawang Ding
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qin
- Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research (YIC), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS); Shandong Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes, YICCAS, Yantai, Shandong 264003, P. R. China
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong 266237, P. R. China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, Shandong 266071, P. R. China
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4
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El Sayed GA, Abukhadra MR, Mostafa SM, Rabia M, Korany MA, Khalil MM. A novel potentiometric sensor based on ZnO decorated polyaniline/coal nanocomposite for diltiazem determination. RSC Adv 2023; 13:34715-34723. [PMID: 38035231 PMCID: PMC10683044 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra06849h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Diltiazem (DTZ) is one of the most effective medications for treating cardiovascular diseases. It has been widely used for the treatment of angina pectoris, hypertension and some types of arrhythmia. The development and application of a modified carbon paste sensor with improved detection limits for the potentiometric determination of diltiazem are the main goals of the current study. Sensitivity, long-term stability, reproducibility and improving the electrochemical performance are among the characteristics that have undergone careful examination. A modified carbon paste sensor based on β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) as ionophore, a lipophilic anionic additive (NaTPB) and a ZnO-decorated polyaniline/coal nanocomposite (ZnO@PANI/C) dissolved in dibutyl phthalate plasticizer, exhibited the best performance and Nernstian slope. The ZnO@PANI/C based sensor succeeded in lowering the detection limit to 5.0 × 10-7 through the linear range 1.0 × 10-6 to 1.0 × 10-2 mol L-1 with fast response time ≤ 10.0 s. The prepared nanomaterial was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The surface properties of the proposed sensor were characterized by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The selectivity behavior of the investigated sensor was tested against a drug with similar chemical structure and biologically important blood electrolytes (Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+). The proposed analytical method was applied for DTZ analysis in pure drug, pharmaceutical products and industrial water samples with excellent recovery data.
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Affiliation(s)
- G A El Sayed
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - Mostafa R Abukhadra
- Materials Technologies and their Applications Lab, Geology Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - S M Mostafa
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - M Rabia
- Nanomaterials Science Research Laboratory, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef 62514 Egypt
| | - Mohamed Ali Korany
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef Egypt
| | - M M Khalil
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Beni-Suef University Beni-Suef Egypt
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Mora MM, Ismail NS, Zaazaa HE, Boltia SA. Electrochemically-selective electrode for quantification of dorzolamide in bulk drug substance and dosage form. BMC Chem 2023; 17:103. [PMID: 37605267 PMCID: PMC10440925 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-023-01021-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Three smart carbon paste electrodes were fabricated to quantify dorzolamide hydrochloride DRZ, including conventional carbon paste I, modified carbon paste embedding Silica II, and modified carbon paste embedding β-cyclodextrin III. This study is based on the insertion of DRZ with phosphomolybdic acid to create an electroactive moiety dorzolamide-phosphomolybdate ion exchanger using a solvent mediator dibutyl phthalate. The three constructed carbon paste electrodes displayed Nernstian responses and linear concentration ranges with lower detection limits. The vital performance of the created electrodes was verified in relation to various parameters. The electrodes enhance the selective determination of DRZ in the presence of inorganic ions, a co-formulated drug in the dosage form timolol maleate, and the excipient benzalkonium chloride. The modified carbon paste electrode including Silica was utilized to detect DRZ in ophthalmic eye drop form utilizing the direct calibration curve and potentiometric titration methods. Satisfactory findings were achieved by comparing them to other reported methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M Mora
- Egyptian Drug Authority (EDA), Giza, Egypt
| | | | - Hala E Zaazaa
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Shereen A Boltia
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr El-Aini St., Cairo, 11562, Egypt.
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Abdel-Haleem LM, Ramadan NK, El-Rahman MKA, Galal MM. A Screen-Printed Potentiometric Sensor for Stability Indicating Assay and Real-Time Monitoring of Trospium Chloride Dissolution Profile in its Pharmaceutical Dosage Form. JOURNAL OF THE ELECTROCHEMICAL SOCIETY 2023; 170:087506. [DOI: 10.1149/1945-7111/ace8c3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
According to FDA guidance, a biowaiver concept declares that dissolution testing could be approved as a replacement strategy for bioequivalence studies and/or in vivo bioavailability. From the analytical chemistry standpoint, the shift from the classically developed offline methods to the highly integrated miniaturized inline analyzers is one of the pioneering ways that would modernize future of in-vitro - in-vivo correlation (IVIVC). The emergence of screen-printed electrodes (SPE) is now making the move from successive sampling steps and off-line measurements to real-time and in-line monitoring. Recently, “SPE” potentiometric sensor was presented as real-time analyzer that can offer similar analytical results as separation-based chromatographic techniques. Thus, the main objective of this paper is to design a real-time SPE for in situ monitoring of the dissolution of trospium chloride (TRO) in neutral media. Validation of the proposed sensor was performed according to the IUPAC commendations. The measurements performed with this sensor showed an accuracy of average recovery 100.50% and standard deviation of less than 1.0%, also the repeatability and intermediate electrode variabilities were less than 1.0 and 1.3%, respectively. The developed sensor was successfully used for direct observation of the dissolution profile without any need for an extraction step or sample preparation.
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7
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Saad AS, Ismail NS, Gaber NS, Elzanfaly ES. A chemically modified solid-state sensor for magnesium(ii) ions and esomeprazole magnesium potentiometric assay. RSC Adv 2023; 13:1995-2003. [PMID: 36712625 PMCID: PMC9832439 DOI: 10.1039/d2ra06839g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of electrochemical sensors offers a simple, affordable solution with great reliability. Magnesium is a mineral that the body requires to function properly. It encourages preserving a stable pulse, strong bones, and healthy blood pressure. Herein, a novel ion-selective electrode using esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate as an ion-association complex was developed for magnesium(ii) ion determination in mineral water, drug substances, and pharmaceutical formulations. The electrode response was optimized in terms of plasticizer type, ion exchanger concentration, and membrane composition. To find the best sensor combination, the initial optimization research was performed using eight different sensors. A membrane containing 20% esomeprazole magnesium trihydrate, 36% carbon, and 44% o-Nitrophenyl Octyl Ether (NPOE) as a plasticizer yielded the best potentiometric response. The developed sensor demonstrated a Nernstian response with a slope of 29.93 ± 0.1 mV per decade in the concentration range of 1.41 × 10-5 mol L-1 to 1 × 10-2 mol L-1. Within a pH range of 5-8, it had a low detection limit of 4.13 × 10-6 mol L-1. When compared to the official method, there are no statistically significant differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed S. Saad
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Faculty of PharmacyKasr El-Aini St11562 CairoEgypt+201004009443,Medicinal Chemistry Department, PharmD Program, Egypt – Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST)New Borg El-Arab City21934 AlexandriaEgypt
| | - Nahla S. Ismail
- National Organization of Drug Control and ResearchAgouzaGizaEgypt
| | - Noran S. Gaber
- National Organization of Drug Control and ResearchAgouzaGizaEgypt
| | - Eman S. Elzanfaly
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Cairo University, Faculty of PharmacyKasr El-Aini St11562 CairoEgypt+201004009443,Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Egyptian Chinese UniversityCairoEgypt
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8
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Materials discovery of ion-selective membranes using artificial intelligence. Commun Chem 2022; 5:132. [PMID: 36697945 PMCID: PMC9814132 DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00744-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Significant attempts have been made to improve the production of ion-selective membranes (ISMs) with higher efficiency and lower prices, while the traditional methods have drawbacks of limitations, high cost of experiments, and time-consuming computations. One of the best approaches to remove the experimental limitations is artificial intelligence (AI). This review discusses the role of AI in materials discovery and ISMs engineering. The AI can minimize the need for experimental tests by data analysis to accelerate computational methods based on models using the results of ISMs simulations. The coupling with computational chemistry makes it possible for the AI to consider atomic features in the output models since AI acts as a bridge between the experimental data and computational chemistry to develop models that can use experimental data and atomic properties. This hybrid method can be used in materials discovery of the membranes for ion extraction to investigate capabilities, challenges, and future perspectives of the AI-based materials discovery, which can pave the path for ISMs engineering.
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Xu L, Zhong L, Tang Y, Han T, Liu S, Sun Z, Bao Y, Wang H, He Y, Wang W, Gan S, Niu L. Beyond Nonactin: Potentiometric Ammonium Ion Sensing Based on Ion-selective Membrane-free Prussian Blue Analogue Transducers. Anal Chem 2022; 94:10487-10496. [PMID: 35839308 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The determination of ammonium ions (NH4+) is of significance to environmental, agriculture, and human health. Potentiometric NH4+ sensors based on solid-contact ion selective electrodes (SC-ISEs) feature point-of-care testing and miniaturization. However, the state-of-the-art SC-ISEs of NH4+ during the past 20 years strongly rely on the organic ammonium ionophore-based ion selective membrane (ISM), typically by nonactin for the NH4+ recognition. Herein, we report a Prussian blue analogue of copper(II)-hexacyanoferrate (CuHCF) for an ISM-free potentiometric NH4+ sensor without using the ionophores. CuHCF works as a bifunctional transducer that could realize the ion-to-electron transduction and NH4+ recognition. CuHCF exhibits competitive analytical performances regarding traditional nonactin-based SC-ISEs of NH4+, particularly for the selectivity toward K+. The cost and preparation process have been remarkably reduced. The theoretical calculation combined with electrochemical tests further demonstrate that relatively easier intercalation of NH4+ into the lattices of CuHCF determines its selectivity. This work provides a concept of the ISM-free potentiometric NH4+ sensor beyond the nonactin ionophore through a CuHCF bifunctional transducer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Longbin Xu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, c/o School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Lijie Zhong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, c/o School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yitian Tang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, c/o School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Tingting Han
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, c/o School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Siyi Liu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, c/o School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Zhonghui Sun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, c/o School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Bao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, c/o School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Haoyu Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, c/o School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Ying He
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, c/o School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, c/o School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shiyu Gan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, c/o School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Li Niu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, c/o School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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Perchlorate Solid-Contact Ion-Selective Electrode Based on Dodecabenzylbambus[6]uril. CHEMOSENSORS 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors10030115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Dodecabenzylbambus[6]uril (Bn12BU[6]) is an anion receptor that binds the perchlorate ion the most tightly (stability constant ~1010 M−1) of all anions due to the excellent match between the ion size in relation to the receptor cavity. This new bambusuril compound was used as an ionophore in the ion-selective membrane (ISM) to develop ion selective electrodes (ISEs) for determination of perchlorate concentration utilizing the poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) polymer film as a solid-contact material. Variation of the content of Bn12BU[6] and tridodecylmethylammonium chloride (TDMACl) in the plasticized poly(vinyl chloride)-based ISM was also tested. All the prepared solid-contact ISEs and their analytical performance were characterized by potentiometry, cyclic voltammetry (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and chronopotentiometry. The ISEs showed rapid response and a sub-Nernstian slope (~57 mV/decade) during potentiometric measurements in perchlorate solutions in the concentration range from 10−1 to 10−6 M simultaneously with their high stability and sufficient selectivity to other common inorganic anions like bromide, chloride, nitrate and sulphate. The function of the ISE was further verified by analysis of real water samples (lake, sea, and mineral water), which gave accurate and precise results.
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11
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Liao C, Zhong L, Tang Y, Sun Z, Lin K, Xu L, Lyu Y, He D, He Y, Ma Y, Bao Y, Gan S, Niu L. Solid-Contact Potentiometric Anion Sensing Based on Classic Silver/Silver Insoluble Salts Electrodes without Ion-Selective Membrane. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:959. [PMID: 34940460 PMCID: PMC8707216 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11120959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Current solid potentiometric ion sensors mostly rely on polymeric-membrane-based, solid-contact, ion-selective electrodes (SC-ISEs). However, anion sensing has been a challenge with respect to cations due to the rareness of anion ionophores. Classic metal/metal insoluble salt electrodes (such as Ag/AgCl) without an ion-selective membrane (ISM) offer an alternative. In this work, we first compared the two types of SC-ISEs of Cl- with/without the ISM. It is found that the ISM-free Ag/AgCl electrode discloses a comparable selectivity regarding organic chloride ionophores. Additionally, the electrode exhibits better comprehensive performances (stability, reproducibility, and anti-interference ability) than the ISM-based SC-ISE. In addition to Cl-, other Ag/AgX electrodes also work toward single and multi-valent anions sensing. Finally, a flexible Cl- sensor was fabricated for on-body monitoring the concentration of sweat Cl- to illustrate a proof-of-concept application in wearable anion sensors. This work re-emphasizes the ISM-free SC-ISEs for solid anion sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxian Liao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.S.); (K.L.); (L.X.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (L.N.)
| | - Lijie Zhong
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.S.); (K.L.); (L.X.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (L.N.)
| | - Yitian Tang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.S.); (K.L.); (L.X.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (L.N.)
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhonghui Sun
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.S.); (K.L.); (L.X.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (L.N.)
| | - Kanglong Lin
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.S.); (K.L.); (L.X.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (L.N.)
| | - Longbin Xu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.S.); (K.L.); (L.X.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (L.N.)
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Yan Lyu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.S.); (K.L.); (L.X.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (L.N.)
- School of Civil Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Dequan He
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.S.); (K.L.); (L.X.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (L.N.)
| | - Ying He
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.S.); (K.L.); (L.X.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (L.N.)
| | - Yingming Ma
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.S.); (K.L.); (L.X.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (L.N.)
| | - Yu Bao
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.S.); (K.L.); (L.X.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (L.N.)
| | - Shiyu Gan
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.S.); (K.L.); (L.X.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (L.N.)
| | - Li Niu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Sensing Materials & Devices, Center for Advanced Analytical Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (C.L.); (L.Z.); (Y.T.); (Z.S.); (K.L.); (L.X.); (Y.L.); (D.H.); (Y.H.); (Y.M.); (Y.B.); (L.N.)
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12
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Korany MA, Mahmoud RK. A new approach for determination of water soluble hexavalent chromium in real cement and industrial water samples using Ni-Fe layered double hydroxides/urea/glycerol nanocomposite based potentiometric sensor. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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13
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Lisak G. Reliable environmental trace heavy metal analysis with potentiometric ion sensors - reality or a distant dream. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 289:117882. [PMID: 34364114 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.117882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Over two decades have passed since polymeric membrane ion-selective electrodes were found to exhibit sufficiently lower detection limits. This in turn brought a great promise to measure trace level concentrations of heavy metals using potentiometric ion sensors at environmental conditions. Despite great efforts, trace analysis of heavy metals using ion-selective electrodes at environmental conditions is still not commercially available. This work will predominantly concentrate on summarizing and evaluating prospects of using potentiometric ion sensors in view of environmental determination of heavy metals in on-site and on-line analysis modes. Challenges associated with development of reliable potentiometric sensors to be operational in environmental conditions will be discussed and reasoning behind unsuccessful efforts to develop potentiometric on-site and on-line environmental ion sensors will be explored. In short, it is now clear that solely lowering the detection limit of the ion-selective electrodes does not guarantee development of successful sensors that would meet the requirement of environmental matrices over long term usage. More pressing challenges of the properties and the performance of the potentiometric sensors must be addressed first before considering extending their sensitivity to low analyte concentrations. These are, in order of importance, selectivity of the ion-selective membrane to main ion followed by the membrane resistance to parallel processes, such as water ingress to the ISM, light sensitivity, change in temperature, presence of gasses in solution and pH and finally resistance of the ion-selective membrane to fouling. In the future, targeted on-site and on-line environmental sensors should be developed, addressing specific environmental conditions. Thus, ion-selective electrodes should be developed with the intention to be suitable to the operational environmental conditions, rather than looking at universal sensor design validated in the idealized and simple sample matrices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grzegorz Lisak
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, Singapore, 639798, Singapore; Residues and Resource Reclamation Centre, Nanyang Environment and Water Research Institute, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Cleantech Loop, Singapore, 637141, Singapore.
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14
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Tang C, Bondarenko MP, Yaroshchuk A, Bruening ML. Highly selective ion separations based on counter-flow electromigration in nanoporous membranes. J Memb Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2021.119684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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15
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Heragy MO, Moustafa AAM, Elzanfaly ES, Saad AS. A portable solid-state potentiometric sensor based on a polymeric ion-exchanger for the assay of a controversial food colorant (sunset yellow). ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2021; 13:4896-4903. [PMID: 34590633 DOI: 10.1039/d1ay01212f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Food additives are chemicals added to enhance the appearance, taste, or lifetime of food products. Authorities continuously update the lists of the allowed additives and their daily intake limits. Thus, authorities and food suppliers strictly monitor additives in food products to guarantee their safety and compliance with national laws and safety criteria. The daily intake of the food colorant sunset yellow is banned in some countries and strictly controlled in others. Herein, a chemically modified solid-state potentiometric sensor was fabricated and used for the direct, fast, sensitive and selective assay of sunset yellow in soft drink and pharmaceutical formulation samples. The study optimized the sensor composition and the optimized carbon paste included a novel polymeric ion-exchanger, dioctyl phthalate, chitosan, and calix-[8]-arene and produced a rapid and near-Nernstian response of -32.9 ± 0.821 mV per decade for sunset yellow in the concentration range 7.94 × 10-5 M to 1.0 × 10-2 M and in the pH range 5-10. The sensor revealed good selectivity toward sunset yellow in the presence of commonly encountered ionic species. The method was validated according to the International Council for Harmonization guidelines and the results were statistically comparable to those of a reported method. The solid-state sensor represents a tool for fast and direct assay of sunset yellow in food products without sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manar Omar Heragy
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, October 6 University, 6 October City, 12585, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza Aziz M Moustafa
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman Saad Elzanfaly
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Technology, Egyptian Chinese University, Gisr Alsuez, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed Sayed Saad
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Kasr-El Aini Street, 11562, Cairo, Egypt.
- Basic and Applied Sciences Institute, Egypt-Japan University of Science and Technology (E-JUST), New Borg El-Arab City, 21934 Alexandria, Egypt
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16
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Kell DB. A protet-based, protonic charge transfer model of energy coupling in oxidative and photosynthetic phosphorylation. Adv Microb Physiol 2021; 78:1-177. [PMID: 34147184 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ampbs.2021.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Textbooks of biochemistry will explain that the otherwise endergonic reactions of ATP synthesis can be driven by the exergonic reactions of respiratory electron transport, and that these two half-reactions are catalyzed by protein complexes embedded in the same, closed membrane. These views are correct. The textbooks also state that, according to the chemiosmotic coupling hypothesis, a (or the) kinetically and thermodynamically competent intermediate linking the two half-reactions is the electrochemical difference of protons that is in equilibrium with that between the two bulk phases that the coupling membrane serves to separate. This gradient consists of a membrane potential term Δψ and a pH gradient term ΔpH, and is known colloquially as the protonmotive force or pmf. Artificial imposition of a pmf can drive phosphorylation, but only if the pmf exceeds some 150-170mV; to achieve in vivo rates the imposed pmf must reach 200mV. The key question then is 'does the pmf generated by electron transport exceed 200mV, or even 170mV?' The possibly surprising answer, from a great many kinds of experiment and sources of evidence, including direct measurements with microelectrodes, indicates it that it does not. Observable pH changes driven by electron transport are real, and they control various processes; however, compensating ion movements restrict the Δψ component to low values. A protet-based model, that I outline here, can account for all the necessary observations, including all of those inconsistent with chemiosmotic coupling, and provides for a variety of testable hypotheses by which it might be refined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas B Kell
- Department of Biochemistry and Systems Biology, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative, Biology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom; The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark.
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17
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Abd El-Rahman MK, Mazzone G, Mahmoud AM, Sicilia E, Shoeib T. Novel choline selective electrochemical membrane sensor with application in milk powders and infant formulas. Talanta 2021; 221:121409. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.121409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
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18
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Ahmed AAEH, Korany MA, Khalil MM. Electrochemical determination of verapamil hydrochloride using carbon nanotubes/TiO2 nanocomposite based potentiometric sensors in surface water and urine samples. Microchem J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2020.104909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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19
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Ye X, Qi P, Sun Y, Zhang D, Zeng Y. A high flexibility all-solid contact sulfide selective electrode using a graphene transducer. ANALYTICAL METHODS : ADVANCING METHODS AND APPLICATIONS 2020; 12:3151-3155. [PMID: 32930176 DOI: 10.1039/d0ay00420k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a novel high flexibility all-solid contact ion selective electrode (ASC-ISE) based on reduced graphene sheets (RGSs) as the ion-to-electron transducer was developed for rapid detection of sulfide. A graphene layer was firstly electrodeposited on a flexible silver wire by direct reduction of graphene oxide, and nanostructured Ag2S was then prepared as the selective membrane by electrodeposition. Scanning electrochemical microscopy was performed for the characterization of the morphological properties of the RGSs and Ag2S membranes. The evaluation of the analytical performances, such as the linear range, selectivity, stability, and practical application, of the proposed ASC-ISEs for the rapid detection of sulfide was performed. The results showed that, the ASC-ISEs exhibited a linear relationship between the obtained potential signal and sulfide concentration in the range of 0.50 μM to 1.0 mM, with a detection limit of 0.18 μM. Moreover, the ASC-ISEs showed good selectivity towards sulfide over other common interfering ions, and maintained a stable electrochemical response over 7 days. These results demonstrated that graphene was a promising material as the ion-to-electron transducer layer in the development of ASC-ISEs for sulfide detection, and the results of practical applications in tap water and seawater samples showed that the ASC-ISEs held significant promise in a broad range of applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyi Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao 266071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Peng Qi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Dun Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Yan Zeng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Corrosion and Bio-fouling, Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao 266071, China.
- Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
- Center for Ocean Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Science, Qingdao 266071, China
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20
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Khalil MM, El Rouby WM, Korany MA. Potentiometric sensor based on novel flowered-like Mg-Al layered double hydroxides/multiwalled carbon nanotubes nanocomposite for bambuterol hydrochloride determination. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 100:186-195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.02.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 02/02/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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21
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Alizadeh T, Nayeri S, Mirzaee S. A high performance potentiometric sensor for lactic acid determination based on molecularly imprinted polymer/MWCNTs/PVC nanocomposite film covered carbon rod electrode. Talanta 2019; 192:103-111. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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22
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Mousavi MPS, Abd El-Rahman MK, Mahmoud AM, Abdelsalam RM, Bühlmann P. In Situ Sensing of the Neurotransmitter Acetylcholine in a Dynamic Range of 1 nM to 1 mM. ACS Sens 2018; 3:2581-2589. [PMID: 30398333 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The neurotransmitter acetylcholine (ACh) plays a key role in the pathophysiology of brain disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Understanding the dynamics of ACh concentration changes and kinetics of ACh degradation in the living brain is crucial to unravel the pathophysiology of such diseases and the rational design of therapeutics. In this work, an electrochemical sensor capable of dynamic, label-free, selective, and in situ detection of ACh in a range of 1 nM to 1 mM (with temporal resolution of less than one second) was developed. The sensor was employed for the direct detection of ACh in artificial cerebrospinal fluid and rat brain homogenate, without any prior separation steps. A potentiometric receptor-doped ion-selective electrode (ISE) with selectivity for ACh was designed by taking advantage of the positive charge of ACh. The dynamic range, limit of detection (LOD), and the selectivity of the sensor were optimized stepwise by (i) screening of hydrophobic biomimetic calixarenes to identify receptors that strongly bind to ACh based on shape-selective multitopic recognition, (ii) doping of the ISE sensing membrane with an ACh-binding hydrophobic calixarene to enable selective detection of ACh in complex matrices, (iii) utilizing a hydrophilic calixarene in the inner filling solution of the ISE to buffer the concentration of ACh and, thereby, lower the LOD of the sensor, and (iv) introducing a surface treatment step prior to the measurement by placing the sensor for ∼1 min in a solution of a hydrophilic calixarene to lower the LOD of the sensor even further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maral P. S. Mousavi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | | | | | | | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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23
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Walper SA, Lasarte Aragonés G, Sapsford KE, Brown CW, Rowland CE, Breger JC, Medintz IL. Detecting Biothreat Agents: From Current Diagnostics to Developing Sensor Technologies. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1894-2024. [PMID: 30080029 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Although a fundamental understanding of the pathogenicity of most biothreat agents has been elucidated and available treatments have increased substantially over the past decades, they still represent a significant public health threat in this age of (bio)terrorism, indiscriminate warfare, pollution, climate change, unchecked population growth, and globalization. The key step to almost all prevention, protection, prophylaxis, post-exposure treatment, and mitigation of any bioagent is early detection. Here, we review available methods for detecting bioagents including pathogenic bacteria and viruses along with their toxins. An introduction placing this subject in the historical context of previous naturally occurring outbreaks and efforts to weaponize selected agents is first provided along with definitions and relevant considerations. An overview of the detection technologies that find use in this endeavor along with how they provide data or transduce signal within a sensing configuration follows. Current "gold" standards for biothreat detection/diagnostics along with a listing of relevant FDA approved in vitro diagnostic devices is then discussed to provide an overview of the current state of the art. Given the 2014 outbreak of Ebola virus in Western Africa and the recent 2016 spread of Zika virus in the Americas, discussion of what constitutes a public health emergency and how new in vitro diagnostic devices are authorized for emergency use in the U.S. are also included. The majority of the Review is then subdivided around the sensing of bacterial, viral, and toxin biothreats with each including an overview of the major agents in that class, a detailed cross-section of different sensing methods in development based on assay format or analytical technique, and some discussion of related microfluidic lab-on-a-chip/point-of-care devices. Finally, an outlook is given on how this field will develop from the perspective of the biosensing technology itself and the new emerging threats they may face.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Walper
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Guillermo Lasarte Aragonés
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- College of Science, George Mason University Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Kim E. Sapsford
- OMPT/CDRH/OIR/DMD Bacterial Respiratory and Medical Countermeasures Branch, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland 20993, United States
| | - Carl W. Brown
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- College of Science, George Mason University Fairfax, Virginia 22030, United States
| | - Clare E. Rowland
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
- National Research Council, Washington, D.C. 20036, United States
| | - Joyce C. Breger
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
| | - Igor L. Medintz
- Center for Bio/Molecular Science and Engineering, Code 6900, U.S. Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, D.C. 20375, United States
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24
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Derakhshandeh H, Kashaf SS, Aghabaglou F, Ghanavati IO, Tamayol A. Smart Bandages: The Future of Wound Care. Trends Biotechnol 2018; 36:1259-1274. [PMID: 30197225 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chronic non-healing wounds are major healthcare challenges that affect a noticeable number of people; they exert a severe financial burden and are the leading cause of limb amputation. Although chronic wounds are locked in a persisting inflamed state, they are dynamic and proper therapy requires identifying abnormalities, administering proper drugs and growth factors, and modulating the conditions of the environment. In this review article, we discuss technologies that have been developed to actively monitor the wound environment. We also highlight drug delivery tools that have been integrated with bandages to facilitate precise temporal and spatial control over drug release and review automated or semi-automated systems that can respond to the wound environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Derakhshandeh
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA
| | - Sara Saheb Kashaf
- The University of Chicago Medical Scientist Training Program, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Fariba Aghabaglou
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA
| | - Ian O Ghanavati
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA; Current address: 900 N16th Street, Room NH W332, Lincoln, NE 68508, USA.
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25
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Egorov VV, Novakovskii AD. Application of the interface equilibria-triggered dynamic diffusion model of the boundary potential for the numerical simulation of neutral carrier-based ion-selective electrodes response. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1043:20-27. [PMID: 30392665 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.08.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Revised: 07/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is shown that a simple dynamic diffusion model of the boundary potential based on a separate, step-by-step, account of ion transfer across the membrane/aqueous solution interface and the diffusion processes within both phases which was proposed earlier for describing the response of ionophore-free membranes, can be successfully used for ionophore-based membranes as well. The model makes it possible to carry out both separate and joint account of the effects of co-extraction, transmembrane transport and ion exchange on the boundary potential and retains robustness in all the variants studied. The model adequately describes the ionophore-based electrode response over the entire range of concentrations and allows one to clearly demonstrate the dependence of lower detection limit on such parameters as the diffusion coefficients and the concentration of electroactive substances in the membrane phase, the thickness of the diffusion layer in the sample solution, the duration of the measurement, and the composition of the internal reference solution. The results of numerical simulation are in good agreement with the experimental data presented in the literature. As all the factors of influence considered above can easily be regulated in more or less wide limits, but at the same time, an estimation of their cumulative effect is not always possible on an intuitive level, the present model can be of practical interest for justifying the ways of optimizing the design of the ISE and the algorithm for performing measurements in solving specific analytical problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir V Egorov
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya Str., 14, 220030, Minsk, Belarus.
| | - Andrei D Novakovskii
- Research Institute for Physical Chemical Problems of the Belarusian State University, Leningradskaya Str., 14, 220030, Minsk, Belarus
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26
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Ion-Selective Electrodes for Detection of Lead (II) in Drinking Water: A Mini-Review. ENVIRONMENTS 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/environments5090095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Despite the fact that the adverse health effects due to the intake of lead have been well studied and widely recognized, lead contamination in drinking water has been reoccurring worldwide, with some incidents escalating into a public drinking water crisis. As lead contamination is often related to lead-based pipes close to or inside homes, it is not realistic, at least in the near term, to remove and replace all lead connection pipes and lead-based plumbing. Effective monitoring of lead concentration at consumers’ water taps remains critical for providing consumers with first-hand information and preventing potential wide-spread lead contamination in drinking water. This review paper examines the existing common technologies for laboratory testing and on-site measuring of lead concentrations. As the conventional analytical techniques for lead detection require using expensive instruments, as well as a high time for sample preparation and a skilled operator, an emphasis is placed on reviewing ion-selective electrode (ISE) technology due to its superior performance, low cost, ease of use, and its promising potential to be miniaturized and integrated into standalone sensing units. In a holistic way, this paper reviews and discusses the background, different types of ISEs are reviewed and discussed, namely liquid-contact ISEs and solid-contact ISEs. Along with the potential opportunities for further research, the limitations and unique challenges of ISEs for lead detection are also discussed in detail.
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Venkatesh S, Li T, Wang XS, Yeung CC, Pei K, Sun QJ, Wu W, Li RKY, Lam MHW, Chan PKL, Wylie JJ, Roy VAL. Dual-Gated Transistor Platform for On-Site Detection of Lead Ions at Trace Levels. Anal Chem 2018; 90:7399-7405. [PMID: 29812910 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.8b00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
On-site monitoring of heavy metals in drinking water has become crucial because of several high profile instances of contamination. Presently, reliable techniques for trace level heavy metal detection are mostly laboratory based, while the detection limits of contemporary field-based methods are barely meeting the exposure limits set by regulatory bodies such as the World Health Organization (WHO). Here, we show an on-site deployable, Pb2+ sensor on a dual-gated transistor platform whose lower detection limit is 2 orders of magnitude better than the traditional sensor and 1 order of magnitude lower than the exposure limit set by WHO. The enhanced sensitivity of our design is verified by numerically solving PNP (Planck-Nernst-Poisson) model. We demonstrate that the enhanced sensitivity is due to the suppression of ionic flux. The simplicity and the robustness of the design make it applicable for on-site screening, thereby facilitating rapid response to contamination events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shishir Venkatesh
- State Key Laboratory for Millimeter Waves and Department of Material Science & Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong, S.A.R
| | - Tan Li
- State Key Laboratory for Millimeter Waves and Department of Material Science & Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong, S.A.R
| | - Xiang-Sheng Wang
- Department of Mathematics , University of Louisiana at Lafayette , Lafayette , Louisiana 70503 , United States
| | - Chi-Chung Yeung
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong, S.A.R
| | - Ke Pei
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam , Hong Kong, S.A.R
| | - Qi-Jun Sun
- State Key Laboratory for Millimeter Waves and Department of Material Science & Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong, S.A.R
| | - Wei Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Millimeter Waves and Department of Material Science & Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong, S.A.R
| | - Robert K Y Li
- State Key Laboratory for Millimeter Waves and Department of Material Science & Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong, S.A.R
| | - Michael H W Lam
- Department of Chemistry , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong, S.A.R
| | - Paddy K L Chan
- Department of Mechanical Engineering , The University of Hong Kong , Pokfulam , Hong Kong, S.A.R
| | - Jonathan J Wylie
- Department of Mathematics , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong, S.A.R
| | - Vellaisamy A L Roy
- State Key Laboratory for Millimeter Waves and Department of Material Science & Engineering , City University of Hong Kong , 83 Tat Chee Avenue , Kowloon , Hong Kong, S.A.R
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Mendecki L, Mirica KA. Conductive Metal-Organic Frameworks as Ion-to-Electron Transducers in Potentiometric Sensors. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:19248-19257. [PMID: 29792413 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b03956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an unexplored property of conductive metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) as ion-to-electron transducers in the context of potentiometric detection. Several conductive two-dimensional MOF analogues were drop-cast onto a glassy carbon electrode and then covered with an ion-selective membrane to form a potentiometric sensor. The resulting devices exhibited excellent sensing properties toward anions and cations, characterized by a near-Nernstian response and over 4 orders of magnitude linear range. Impedance and chronopotentiometric measurements revealed the presence of large bulk capacitance (204 ± 2 μF) and good potential stability (drift of 11.1 ± 0.5 μA/h). Potentiometric water test and contact angle measurements showed that this class of materials exhibited hydrophobicity and inhibited the formation of water layer at the electrode/membrane interface, resulting in a highly stable sensing response with a potential drift as low as 11.1 μA/h. The property of ion-to-electron transduction of conductive MOFs may form the basis for the development of this class of materials as promising components within ion-selective electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukasz Mendecki
- Burke Laboratory , Dartmouth College , 41 College Street , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
| | - Katherine A Mirica
- Burke Laboratory , Dartmouth College , 41 College Street , Hanover , New Hampshire 03755 , United States
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Resolution V fractional factorial design for screening of factors affecting weakly basic drugs liposomal systems. Eur J Pharm Sci 2018; 119:249-258. [PMID: 29689287 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2018.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to investigate factors affecting weakly basic drugs liposomal systems. Resolution V fractional factorial design (2V5-1) is used as an example of screening designs that would better be used as a wise step before proceeding with detailed factors effects or optimization studies. Five factors probable to affect liposomal systems of weakly basic drugs were investigated using Amisulpride as a model drug. Factors studied were; A: Preparation technique B: Phosphatidyl choline (PhC) amount (mg) C: Cholesterol: PhC molar ratio, D: Hydration volume (ml) and E: Sonication type. Levels investigated were; Ammonium sulphate-pH gradient technique or Transmembrane zinc chelation-pH gradient technique, 200 or 400 mg, 0 or 0.5, 10 or 20 ml and bath or probe sonication for A, B, C, D and E respectively. Responses measured were Particle size (PS) (nm), Zeta potential (ZP) (mV) and Entrapment efficiency percent (EE%). Ion selective electrode was used as a novel method for measuring unentrapped drug concentration and calculating entrapment efficiency without the need for liposomal separation. Factors mainly affecting the studied responses were Cholesterol: PhC ratio and hydration volume for PS, preparation technique for ZP and preparation technique and hydration volume for EE%. The applied 2V5-1 design enabled the use of only 16 trial combinations for screening the influence of five factors on weakly basic drugs liposomal systems. This clarifies the value of the use of screening experiments before extensive investigation of certain factors in detailed optimization studies.
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Roy S, David-Pur M, Hanein Y. Carbon Nanotube-Based Ion Selective Sensors for Wearable Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2017; 9:35169-35177. [PMID: 28925684 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b07346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Wearable electronics offer new opportunities in a wide range of applications, especially sweat analysis using skin sensors. A fundamental challenge in these applications is the formation of sensitive and stable electrodes. In this article we report the development of a wearable sensor based on carbon nanotube (CNT) electrode arrays for sweat sensing. Solid-state ion selective electrodes (ISEs), sensitive to Na+ ions, were prepared by drop coating plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) doped with ionophore and ion exchanger on CNT electrodes. The ion selective membrane (ISM) filled the intertubular spaces of the highly porous CNT film and formed an attachment that was stronger than that achieved with flat Au, Pt, or carbon electrodes. Concentration of the ISM solution used influenced the attachment to the CNT film, the ISM surface morphology, and the overall performance of the sensor. Sensitivity of 56 ± 3 mV/decade to Na+ ions was achieved. Optimized solid-state reference electrodes (REs), suitable for wearable applications, were prepared by coating CNT electrodes with colloidal dispersion of Ag/AgCl, agarose hydrogel with 0.5 M NaCl, and a passivation layer of PVC doped with NaCl. The CNT-based REs had low sensitivity (-1.7 ± 1.2 mV/decade) toward the NaCl solution and high repeatability and were superior to bare Ag/AgCl, metals, carbon, and CNT films, reported previously as REs. CNT-based ISEs were calibrated against CNT-based REs, and the short-term stability of the system was tested. We demonstrate that CNT-based devices implemented on a flexible support are a very attractive platform for future wearable technology devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumyendu Roy
- School of Electrical Engineering and ‡Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Moshe David-Pur
- School of Electrical Engineering and ‡Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Yael Hanein
- School of Electrical Engineering and ‡Tel Aviv University Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Yehia AM, Monir HH. An Umeclidinium membrane sensor; Two-step optimization strategy for improved responses. Talanta 2017; 172:61-67. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Nikkhoo N, Cumby N, Gulak PG, Maxwell KL. Rapid Bacterial Detection via an All-Electronic CMOS Biosensor. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162438. [PMID: 27618185 PMCID: PMC5019397 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The timely and accurate diagnosis of infectious diseases is one of the greatest challenges currently facing modern medicine. The development of innovative techniques for the rapid and accurate identification of bacterial pathogens in point-of-care facilities using low-cost, portable instruments is essential. We have developed a novel all-electronic biosensor that is able to identify bacteria in less than ten minutes. This technology exploits bacteriocins, protein toxins naturally produced by bacteria, as the selective biological detection element. The bacteriocins are integrated with an array of potassium-selective sensors in Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor technology to provide an inexpensive bacterial biosensor. An electronic platform connects the CMOS sensor to a computer for processing and real-time visualization. We have used this technology to successfully identify both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria commonly found in human infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Nikkhoo
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Nichole Cumby
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 1A8, Canada
| | - P Glenn Gulak
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Karen L Maxwell
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, M5S 3E1, Canada
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AGNES at vibrated gold microwire electrode for the direct quantification of free copper concentrations. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 920:29-36. [PMID: 27114220 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The free metal ion concentration and the dynamic features of the metal species are recognized as key to predict metal bioavailability and toxicity to aquatic organisms. Quantification of the former is, however, still challenging. In this paper, it is shown for the first time that the concentration of free copper (Cu(2+)) can be quantified by applying AGNES (Absence of Gradients and Nernstian equilibrium stripping) at a solid gold electrode. It was found that: i) the amount of deposited Cu follows a Nernstian relationship with the applied deposition potential, and ii) the stripping signal is linearly related with the free metal ion concentration. The performance of AGNES at the vibrating gold microwire electrode (VGME) was assessed for two labile systems: Cu-malonic acid and Cu-iminodiacetic acid at ionic strength 0.01 M and a range of pH values from 4.0 to 6.0. The free Cu concentrations and conditional stability constants obtained by AGNES were in good agreement with stripping scanned voltammetry and thermodynamic theoretical predictions obtained by Visual MinteQ. This work highlights the suitability of gold electrodes for the quantification of free metal ion concentrations by AGNES. It also strongly suggests that other solid electrodes may be well appropriate for such task. This new application of AGNES is a first step towards a range of applications for a number of metals in speciation, toxicological and environmental studies for the direct determination of the key parameter that is the free metal ion concentration.
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Melzer K, Münzer AM, Jaworska E, Maksymiuk K, Michalska A, Scarpa G. Selective ion-sensing with membrane-functionalized electrolyte-gated carbon nanotube field-effect transistors. Analyst 2015; 139:4947-54. [PMID: 25078394 DOI: 10.1039/c4an00714j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this work the ion-selective response of an electrolyte-gated carbon-nanotube field-effect transistor (CNT-FET) towards K(+), Ca(2+) and Cl(-) in the biologically relevant concentration range from 10(-1) M to 10(-6) M is demonstrated. The ion-selective response is achieved by modifying the gate-electrode of an electrolyte-gated CNT-FET with ion-selective membranes, which are selective towards the respective target analyte ions. The selectivity, assured by the ion-selective poly(vinyl chloride) based membrane, allows the successful application of the herein proposed K(+)-selective CNT-FET to detect changes in the K(+) activity in the μM range even in solutions containing different ionic backgrounds. The sensing mechanism relies on a superposition of both an ion-sensitive response of the CNT-network as well as a change of the effective gate potential present at the semiconducting channel due to a selective and ion activity-dependent response of the membrane towards different types of ions. Moreover, the combination of a CNT-FET as a transducing element gated with an ion-selective coated-wire electrode offers the possibility to miniaturize the already well-established conventional ion-selective electrode setup. This approach represents a valuable strategy for the realization of portable, multi-purpose and low-cost biosensing devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Melzer
- Institute for Nanoelectronics, Technische Universität München, Arcisstraße 21, 80333 München, Germany.
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Schmoltner K, Kofler J, Klug A, List-Kratochvil EJW. Electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistor for selective reversible ion detection. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2013; 25:6895-9. [PMID: 24105832 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201303281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2013] [Revised: 08/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
An ion-sensitive electrolyte-gated organic field-effect transistor for selective and reversible detection of sodium (Na(+) ) down to 10(-6) M is presented. The inherent low voltage - high current operation of these transistors in combination with a state-of-the-art ion-selective membrane proves to be a novel, versatile modular sensor platform.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerstin Schmoltner
- NanoTecCenter Weiz Forschungsgesellschaft mbH, Franz-Pichler Straße 32, A-8160, Weiz, Austria
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36
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Ramanjaneyulu PS, Kumar AN, Sayi YS, Ramakumar KL, Nayak SK, Chattopadhyay S. A new ion selective electrode for cesium (I) based on calix[4]arene-crown-6 compounds. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2012; 205-206:81-88. [PMID: 22260754 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2011] [Revised: 12/03/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A polyvinylchloride (PVC) based liquid membrane ion selective electrode (ISE) for cesium has been developed. 25,27-Dihydroxycalix[4]arene-crown-6 (L1), 5,11,17,23-tetra-tert-butyl-25,27-dimethoxycalix[4]arene-crown-6 (L2) and 25,27-bis(1-octyloxy)calix[4]arene-crown-6 (L3) were investigated for their use as ionophores. The cation exchange resin DOWEX-50W was used to maintain low activity Cs+ in inner filling solution to improve the performance. The best response for cesium was observed with L3 along with optimized membrane constituents and composition. Excellent Nernstian response (56.6 mV/decade of Cs(I)) over the concentration range 10(-7) to 10(-2)M of Cs(I) was obtained with a fast response time of less than 10s. Detection limit for Cs(I) using the present ISE is 8.48×10(-8) M Cs(I). Separate solution method (SSM) was applied to ascertain the selectivity for Cs(I) over alkali, alkaline earth and transition metal ions. The response of ISE for Cs(I) was fairly constant over the pH range of 4-11. The lifetime of the electrode is 10 months which is the highest life for any membrane based Cs-ISE so far developed. The concentration of cesium ion in two simulated high level active waste streams was determined and results agreed well with those obtained independently employing AAS.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Ramanjaneyulu
- Radioanalytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400094, India
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Miyake M, Chen LD, Pozzi G, Bühlmann P. Ion-selective electrodes with unusual response functions: simultaneous formation of ionophore-primary ion complexes with different stoichiometries. Anal Chem 2012; 84:1104-11. [PMID: 22128799 PMCID: PMC3264767 DOI: 10.1021/ac202761x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
It is well known that the selectivity of an ion-selective electrode (ISE) depends on the stoichiometry of the complexes between its ionophore and the target and interfering ions. It is all the more surprising that the possibility for the simultaneous occurrence of multiple target ion complexes with different complex stoichiometries was mostly ignored in the past. Here, we report on the simultaneous formation of 1:1 and 1:2 complexes of a fluorophilic crown ether in fluorous ISE membranes and how this results in what looks like super-Nernstian responses. These increased response slopes are not caused by mass transfer limitations and can be readily explained with a phase boundary model, a finding that is supported by experimentally determined complex formation constants and excellent fits of response curves. Not only Cs(+) but also the smaller ions Li(+), Na(+), K(+), and NH(4)(+) form 1:1 and 1:2 complexes with the fluorophilic crown ether, with cumulative formation constants of up to 10(15.0) and 10(21.0) for of the 1:1 and 1:2 complexes, respectively. Super-Nernstian responses of the type observed with these electrodes are probably not particularly rare but have lacked in the past an adequate discussion in the literature, remaining ignored or misinterpreted. Preliminary calculations also predict sub-Nernstian responses and potential dips of a similar origin. The proper understanding of such phenomena will facilitate the development of new ISEs based on ionophores that form complexes of higher stoichiometries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masafumi Miyake
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis MN 55455, USA
| | - Li D. Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis MN 55455, USA
| | - Gianluca Pozzi
- CNR-Istituto di Scienze Tecnologie Molecolari, via Golgi 19, 20133, Milano, Italy
| | - Philippe Bühlmann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant St. SE, Minneapolis MN 55455, USA
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Käkinen A, Bondarenko O, Ivask A, Kahru A. The effect of composition of different ecotoxicological test media on free and bioavailable copper from CuSO4 and CuO nanoparticles: comparative evidence from a Cu-selective electrode and a Cu-biosensor. SENSORS 2011; 11:10502-21. [PMID: 22346655 PMCID: PMC3274297 DOI: 10.3390/s111110502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2011] [Revised: 10/20/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The analysis of (bio)available copper in complex environmental settings, including biological test media, is a challenging task. In this study, we demonstrated the potential of a recombinant Pseudomonas fluorescens-based biosensor for bioavailability analysis of CuSO4 and CuO nanoparticles (nano-CuO) in seventeen different ecotoxicological and microbiologial test media. In parallel, free Cu in these test media was analysed using Cu-ion selective electrode (Cu-ISE). In the case of CuSO4, both free and bioavailable Cu decreased greatly with increasing concentration of organics and phosphates in the tested media. A good correlation between free and bioavailable Cu was observed (r = 0.854, p < 0.01) indicating that the free Cu content in biological test media may be a reasonably good predictor for the toxicity of CuSO4. As a proof, it was demonstrated that when eleven EC50 values for CuSO4 from different organisms in different test media were normalized for the free Cu in these media, the difference in these EC50 values was decreased from 4 to 1.8 orders of magnitude. Thus, toxicity of CuSO4 to these organisms was attributed to the properties of the test media rather than to inherent differences in sensitivity between the test organisms. Differently from CuSO4, the amount of free and bioavailable Cu in nano-CuO spiked media was not significantly correlated with the concentration of organics in the test media. Thus, the speciation of nano-CuO in toxicological test systems was not only determined by the complexation of Cu ions but also by differential dissolution of nano-CuO in different test conditions leading to a new speciation equilibrium. In addition, a substantial fraction of nano-CuO that was not detectable by Cu-ISE (i.e., not present as free Cu-ions) was bioavailable to Cu-biosensor bacteria. Thus, in environmental hazard analysis of (nano) particulate materials, biosensor analysis may be more informative than other analytical techniques. Our results demonstrate that bacterial Cu-biosensors either in combination with other analytical/speciation techniques or on their own, may serve as a rapid (eco)toxicological screening method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Käkinen
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia; E-Mails: (A.K.); (O.B.)
- Department of Chemical and Materials Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn 19086, Estonia
| | - Olesja Bondarenko
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia; E-Mails: (A.K.); (O.B.)
- Department of Gene Technology, Tallinn University of Technology, Ehitajate tee 5, Tallinn 19086, Estonia
| | - Angela Ivask
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia; E-Mails: (A.K.); (O.B.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (A.I.); (A.K.); Tel.: +372-6-398-382 (A.I.); +372-6-398-373 (A.K.); Fax: +372-6-398-382 (A.I.); +372-6-398-382 (A.K.)
| | - Anne Kahru
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, National Institute of Chemical Physics and Biophysics, Akadeemia tee 23, Tallinn 12618, Estonia; E-Mails: (A.K.); (O.B.)
- Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (A.I.); (A.K.); Tel.: +372-6-398-382 (A.I.); +372-6-398-373 (A.K.); Fax: +372-6-398-382 (A.I.); +372-6-398-382 (A.K.)
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39
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Wardak C. A Comparative Study of Cadmium Ion-Selective Electrodes with Solid and Liquid Inner Contact. ELECTROANAL 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201100362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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40
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Yan Z, Zhang Q, Dan J, Guo Y, Li L. Lead(II) and copper(II) ion-selective electrodes based on two heterocyclic compounds. JOURNAL OF ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2011. [DOI: 10.1134/s1061934811100200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Wardak C. A highly selective lead-sensitive electrode with solid contact based on ionic liquid. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2011; 186:1131-1135. [PMID: 21168969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2010.11.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2010] [Revised: 10/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/26/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
A new polyvinylchloride membrane sensor for Pb(2+) with solid contact based on ionic liquid has been prepared. The electrode shows a Nernstian response for lead ions over a wide concentration range (1×10(-8) to 1×10(-1) mol L(-1)) and the slope of 29.8 mV/decade. The limit of detection is 4.3×10(-9) mol L(-1). It has a fast response time of 5-7 s and can be used for 4 months without any divergence in potential. The proposed sensor is not pH sensitive in the range 3.5-7.3 and shows a very good discriminating ability towards Pb(2+) ion in comparison with some alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions. It was successfully applied as an indicator electrode in potentiometric titration of lead ions with K(2)CrO(4) and for direct determination of Pb(2+) ions in real sample solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cecylia Wardak
- Department of Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University, Maria Curie-Sklodowska Sq. 3, 20-031 Lublin, Poland.
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Ramanjaneyulu PS, Singh P, Sayi YS, Chawla HM, Ramakumar KL. Ion selective electrode for cesium based on 5-(4'-nitrophenylazo)25,27-bis(2-propyloxy)26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2010; 175:1031-1036. [PMID: 19942345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.10.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2009] [Revised: 10/26/2009] [Accepted: 10/28/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A polyvinylchloride (PVC) based liquid membrane ion selective electrode (ISE) for cesium was fabricated with 5-(4'-nitrophenylazo)25,27-bis(2-propyloxy)26,28-dihydroxycalix[4]arene as ionophore. Different membrane constituents were investigated to realise optimum performance of the ISE developed. Of the four plasticizers and two ion additives studied, the best response was observed with membrane having 2-nitro phenyl octyl ether (oNPOE) as plasticizer and potassium tetrakis (perchloro phenyl) borate (KTpClPB) as ion additive. Linear response over concentration range of 10(-5)-10(-1)M CsCl was obtained. The Nernstian slope of the response was 56 mV per decade for Cs with a response time less than 20s. Matched potential method has been applied to find out the selectivity for Cs over several ions like Rb(+), K(+), Na(+), NH(4)(+), Sr(2+), Ba(2+), Ca(2+), Mg(2+), Cu(2+), Pb(2+), Zn(2+), Ni(2+) and Ce(3+). The response of ISE for Cs(+) was fairly constant over the pH range of 3-11. The lifetime of the electrode is 9 months which is the longest life for any membrane-based Cs-ISE so far developed. The concentration of cesium in two simulated high level active waste streams was determined and results agreed well with those obtained independently employing atomic absorption spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Ramanjaneyulu
- Radioanalytical Chemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, Maharashtra 400085, India
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Wu J, Chumbimuni-Torres KY, Galik M, Thammakhet C, Haake DA, Wang J. Potentiometric detection of DNA hybridization using enzyme-induced metallization and a silver ion selective electrode. Anal Chem 2010; 81:10007-12. [PMID: 19908886 DOI: 10.1021/ac9018507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Here, we report on a highly sensitive potentiometric detection of DNA hybridization. The new assay uses a low-volume solid-contact silver ion-selective electrode (Ag(+)-ISE) to monitor the depletion of silver ions induced by the biocatalytic reaction of the alkaline-phosphatase enzyme tag. The resultant potential change of the Ag(+)-ISE, thus, serves as the hybridization signal. Factors affecting the potentiometric hybridization response have been optimized to offer a detection limit of 50 fM (0.2 amol) DNA target. The new potentiometric assay was applied successfully to the monitoring of the 16S rRNA of E. coli pathogenic bacteria to achieve a low detection limit of 10 CFU in the 4 microL sample. Such potentiometric transduction of biocatalytically induced metallization processes holds great promise for monitoring various bioaffinity assays involving common enzyme tags.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Nanoengineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093, USA
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Jalali F, Maghooli R. Potentiometric determination of trace amounts of amantadine using a modified carbon-paste electrode. ANAL SCI 2010; 25:1227-30. [PMID: 19822968 DOI: 10.2116/analsci.25.1227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
A chemically modified carbon-paste electrode has been described for the sensitive and selective determination of amantadine. Beta-cyclodextrin was used as modifier. The electrode shows a sub-Nernstian response of 51.0 +/- 1.0 mV decade(-1) for amantadine in the concentration range of 6.3 x 10(-10)-7.1 x 10(-7) M at 25 degrees C. The optimum pH value was maintained at 4.5 using a 0.02 M acetate buffer. The limit of detection of the electrode was 6.3 x 10(-10) M of amantadine. The electrode responded very rapidly (<60 s) to changes in the concentration of amantadine, and its lifetime was more than three months. The relative standard deviation of measurements for a 2.0 x 10(-7) M of amantadine was 0.68% (n = 7). The application of a modified carbon-paste electrode to the determination of amantadine in its pharmaceutical preparations showed a relative error of 2%. The recovery of amantadine (2.5 x 10(-8) M) from a blood-serum sample was 94%.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Jalali
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Razi University, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Chumbimuni-Torres KY, Calvo-Marzal P, Wang J. Comparison Between Potentiometric and Stripping Voltammetric Detection of Trace Metals: Measurements of Cadmium and Lead in the Presence of Thalium, Indium, and Tin. ELECTROANAL 2009; 21:1939-1943. [PMID: 20228885 DOI: 10.1002/elan.200904613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances in ion-selective electrodes have pushed the detection limits of direct potentiometry to the nanomolar concentration range. Here we present a direct comparison of the sensitivity and selectivity of potentiometric and stripping-voltammetric measurements of cadmium and lead. While both techniques offer a similar sensitivity, the potentiometric method offers higher selectivity in the presence of excess of metal ions (e.g., thallium, tin) that commonly interfere in the stripping-voltammetric operation. Because of the complementary nature of the potentiometric and stripping-voltammetric methods, it is recommended that these techniques will be selected based on the specific analytical problem or used in parallel to provide additional analytical information.
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Höfler L, Bedlechowicz I, Vigassy T, Gyurcsányi RE, Bakker E, Pretsch E. Limitations of current polarization for lowering the detection limit of potentiometric polymeric membrane sensors. Anal Chem 2009; 81:3592-9. [PMID: 19338286 DOI: 10.1021/ac802588j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Ion fluxes across polymeric ion-selective membranes are a decisive parameter dictating the lower detection limit of potentiometric ion sensors. An applied current was earlier proposed to counteract such fluxes and reduce the detection limit to ultratrace levels. So far, however, the method has not been used in practical situations since the correct current amplitude requires prior knowledge of the sample composition. This paper explores the use of the stir effect to evaluate the optimal current by theory and experiments. It is shown that the traditionally used steady-state model assuming a uniform distribution of ion exchanger in the membrane, fixed with time, violates the electroneutrality condition. A modified steady-state model is introduced that allows for a concentration tilt of the ion exchanger and predicts that a stir effect can indeed be utilized to find the optimal current. Ideally, by choosing the optimal current and very long measurement times, the thermodynamic detection limit might be obtained. However, in practice the stir effect declines at low concentrations and the conditions are far from steady state. Therefore, the improvement of the lower detection limit achievable by galvanostatic control is only about 1 order of magnitude. A numerical finite-difference approximation is shown to trace the experimental potential responses of silver-selective electrodes well and to reproduce the stir effect adequately, even for different conditioning protocols. The stir effect is successfully used to improve the detection limit of electrodes with ill-optimized inner solutions; however, significant improvements beyond what is commonly feasible by chemical optimization does not seem to be easily achievable. The results indicate that with conventional membranes the possibility of improving the detection limit by current polarization is much more limited than assumed so far.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lajos Höfler
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary
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Chumbimuni-Torres KY, Wang J. Nanoparticle-induced potentiometric biosensing of NADH at copper ion-selective electrodes. Analyst 2009; 134:1614-7. [PMID: 20448928 DOI: 10.1039/b902171j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the first example of using potentiometry at ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) for probing in real-time monitoring of biometallization processes. A copper ISE is used for real-time monitoring of the NADH-mediated reduction of copper in the presence of gold nanoparticle seeds. Such potentiometric detection of NADH is not susceptible to surface fouling common with analogous amperometric measurements of this co-factor. Biosensing of ethanol is illustrated in the presence of alcohol dehydrogenase and NAD(+), along with potentiometric detection of the NADH product at the copper ISE. The concept can be readily expanded to the monitoring of various biometallization processes in connection to different enzymatic transformations and ISE, and used for ultrasensitive detection of bioaffinity interactions in connection to common enzyme tags.
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Zook JM, Langmaier J, Lindner E. Current-polarized ion-selective membranes: The influence of plasticizer and lipophilic background electrolyte on concentration profiles, resistance, and voltage transients. SENSORS AND ACTUATORS. B, CHEMICAL 2009; 136:410-418. [PMID: 20161192 PMCID: PMC2728498 DOI: 10.1016/j.snb.2008.12.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lipophilic background electrolytes consisting of a lipophilic cation and a lipophilic anion, such as tetradodecylammonium tetrakis(4-chlorophenyl) borate (ETH 500), or bis(triphenylphosphoranylidene) ammonium tetrakis[3,5bis(trifluoromethyl) phenyl] borate (BTPPATFPB) are incorporated into the membranes of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) to improve the detection limit and selectivity of the electrodes and decrease the resistance of the sensing membrane. In this work, spectroelectrochemical microscopy (SpECM) is used in conjunction with chronopotentiometry to quantify the effects of a lipophilic background electrolyte on the concentration profiles induced inside current-polarized membranes and on the measured voltage transients in chronopotentiometric experiments. In agreement with the theoretical model, the lipophilic background electrolyte incorporated into o-NPOE or DOS plasticized membranes decreases the membrane resistance and thus the contribution of migration in the overall transport across ion-selective membranes. Consequently, it has a significant influence on the changing concentration profiles of the ion-ionophore complex during chronopotentiometric experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin M. Zook
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
| | - Jan Langmaier
- J. Heyrovsky Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Dolejškova 3, 18223 Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Ernő Lindner
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
- 330 Engineering Technology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, , ,
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Mousavi Z, Ekholm A, Bobacka J, Ivaska A. Ion-Selective Organic Electrochemical Junction Transistors Based on Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) Doped with Poly(styrene sulfonate). ELECTROANAL 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.200804427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Veder JP, De Marco R, Clarke G, Chester R, Nelson A, Prince K, Pretsch E, Bakker E. Elimination of undesirable water layers in solid-contact polymeric ion-selective electrodes. Anal Chem 2008; 80:6731-40. [PMID: 18671410 PMCID: PMC2628482 DOI: 10.1021/ac800823f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to develop a novel approach for the production of analytically robust and miniaturized polymeric ion sensors that are vitally important in modern analytical chemistry (e.g., clinical chemistry using single blood droplets, modern biosensors measuring clouds of ions released from nanoparticle-tagged biomolecules, laboratory-on-a-chip applications, etc.). This research has shown that the use of a water-repellent poly(methyl methacrylate)/poly(decyl methacrylate) (PMMA/PDMA) copolymer as the ion-sensing membrane, along with a hydrophobic poly(3-octylthiophene 2,5-diyl) (POT) solid contact as the ion-to-electron transducer, is an excellent strategy for avoiding the detrimental water layer formed at the buried interface of solid-contact ion-selective electrodes (ISEs). Accordingly, it has been necessary to implement a rigorous surface analysis scheme employing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), in situ neutron reflectometry/EIS (NR/EIS), secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS), and small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) to probe structurally the solid-contact/membrane interface, so as to identify the conditions that eliminate the undesirable water layer in all solid-state polymeric ion sensors. In this work, we provide the first experimental evidence that the PMMA/PDMA copolymer system is susceptible to water "pooling" at the interface in areas surrounding physical imperfections in the solid contact, with the exposure time for such an event in a PMMA/PDMA copolymer ISE taking nearly 20 times longer than that for a plasticized poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) ISE, and the simultaneous use of a hydrophobic POT solid contact with a PMMA/PDMA membrane can eliminate totally this water layer problem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Pierre Veder
- Nanochemistry Research Institute, Department of Applied Chemistry, Curtin University of Technology, GPO Box U1987, Perth, Western Australia, 6845, Australia
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