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Nuankaew S, Boonyuen N, Thumanu K, Pornputtapong N. Development of a machine learning model for systematics of Aspergillus section Nigri using synchrotron radiation-based fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Heliyon 2024; 10:e26812. [PMID: 38439823 PMCID: PMC10909729 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e26812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus section Nigri (black aspergilli) fungi are economically important food spoilage agents. Some species in this section also produce harmful mycotoxins in food. However, it is remarkably difficult to identify this fungal group at the species level using morphological and chemical characteristics. The molecular approach for classification is preferable; however, it is time-consuming, making it inappropriate for rapid testing of large numbers of samples. To address this, we explored synchrotron radiation-based Fourier transform infrared microspectroscopy (SR-FTIR) as a rapid method for obtaining data suitable for species classification. SR-FTIR data were obtained from the mycelia/conidia of 22 black aspergilli species. The Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) approach, a supervised deep learning algorithm, was used with SR-FTIR data to classify black aspergilli at the species level. A subset of the data was used to train the CNN model, and the model classification performance was evaluated using the validation data subsets. The model demonstrated a 95.97% accuracy in species classification on the testing (blind) data subset. The technique presented herein could be an alternative method for identifying problematic black aspergilli in the food industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salilaporn Nuankaew
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Nattawut Boonyuen
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Kanjana Thumanu
- Synchrotron Light Research Institute (SLRI), Nakhon Ratchasima, 30000, Thailand
| | - Natapol Pornputtapong
- Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in DNA Barcoding of Thai Medicinal Plants, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
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2
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Marchetti A, Beltran V, Nuyts G, Borondics F, De Meyer S, Van Bos M, Jaroszewicz J, Otten E, Debulpaep M, De Wael K. Novel optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy for the noninvasive characterization of heritage glass-metal objects. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabl6769. [PMID: 35245121 PMCID: PMC8896789 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abl6769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Optical photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) is a recently developed molecular spectroscopy technique that allows to noninvasively obtain chemical information on organic and inorganic samples at a submicrometric scale. The high spatial resolution (≈450 nm), lack of sample preparation, and comparability of the spectral results to traditional Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy make it a promising candidate for the analysis of cultural heritage. In this work, the potential of O-PTIR for the noninvasive characterization of small heritage objects (few cubic centimeters) is demonstrated on a series of degraded 16th century brass and glass decorative elements. These small and challenging samples, typically encountering limitations with existing noninvasive methods such as macroscopic x-ray powder diffraction and μRaman, were successfully characterized by O-PTIR, ultimately identifying the markers of glass-induced metal corrosion processes. The results clearly demonstrate how O-PTIR can be easily implemented in a noninvasive multianalytical strategy for the study of heritage materials, making it a fundamental tool for cultural heritage analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Marchetti
- AXES Research Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NanoLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Victoria Beltran
- AXES Research Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NanoLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gert Nuyts
- AXES Research Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NanoLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Ferenc Borondics
- Synchrotron Soleil, L’Orme des Merisiers, Saint-Aubin, BP48, 91192 Gif-sur-Yvette CEDEX, France
| | - Steven De Meyer
- AXES Research Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NanoLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Marina Van Bos
- Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage (KIK-IRPA), Parc du Cinquantenaire 1, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jakub Jaroszewicz
- Warsaw University of Technology, Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, ul. Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elke Otten
- Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage (KIK-IRPA), Parc du Cinquantenaire 1, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marjolijn Debulpaep
- Royal Institute for Cultural Heritage (KIK-IRPA), Parc du Cinquantenaire 1, B-1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karolien De Wael
- AXES Research Group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
- NanoLab Centre of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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3
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Beltran V, Marchetti A, Nuyts G, Leeuwestein M, Sandt C, Borondics F, De Wael K. Nanoscale Analysis of Historical Paintings by Means of O-PTIR Spectroscopy: The Identification of the Organic Particles in L'Arlésienne (Portrait of Madame Ginoux) by Van Gogh. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:22753-22760. [PMID: 34165241 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Optical-photothermal infrared (O-PTIR) spectroscopy is a recently developed technique that provides spectra comparable to traditional transmission FTIR spectroscopy with nanometric spatial resolution. Hence, O-PTIR is a promising candidate for the analysis of historical paintings, as well as other cultural heritage objects, but its potential has not yet been evaluated. This work presents the first application of O-PTIR to the analysis of cultural heritage, and in particular to an extremely small fragment from Van Gogh's painting L'Arlésienne (portrait of Madame Ginoux). The striking results obtained, including the detection of geranium lake pigments as well as the complete analysis of the stratigraphy, failed with other state-of-the-art techniques, highlight the potential of this method. The integration of O-PTIR to the study of cultural heritage opens to the possibility of decreasing the amount of sample extracted, therefore contributing to the preservation of the integrity of artworks while providing a complete characterization of the materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Beltran
- AXES research group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NanoLab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- AXES research group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NanoLab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Gert Nuyts
- AXES research group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NanoLab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Karolien De Wael
- AXES research group, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium.,NanoLab Center of Excellence, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, 2020, Antwerp, Belgium
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4
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Beltran V, Marchetti A, Nuyts G, Leeuwestein M, Sandt C, Borondics F, De Wael K. Nanoscale Analysis of Historical Paintings by Means of O‐PTIR Spectroscopy: The Identification of the Organic Particles in
L′Arlésienne (Portrait of Madame Ginoux)
by Van Gogh. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Beltran
- AXES research group University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NanoLab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Andrea Marchetti
- AXES research group University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NanoLab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | - Gert Nuyts
- AXES research group University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NanoLab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
| | | | | | | | - Karolien De Wael
- AXES research group University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
- NanoLab Center of Excellence University of Antwerp Groenenborgerlaan 171 2020 Antwerp Belgium
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5
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Spectroscopic analysis of pigments in a wall painting from a high Roman Empire building in Córdoba (Spain) and identification of the application technique. Microchem J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2021.106444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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6
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Fiocco G, Invernizzi C, Grassi S, Davit P, Albano M, Rovetta T, Stani C, Vaccari L, Malagodi M, Licchelli M, Gulmini M. Reflection FTIR spectroscopy for the study of historical bowed string instruments: Invasive and non-invasive approaches. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 245:118926. [PMID: 32956933 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A micro-sample detached from a historical bowed string instrument represents a valuable record of the materials used by the great Masters of violin-making art. It allows researchers to collect a wealth of information and to disclose - at least partially - their procedures for finishing and varnishing. In the present work, a set of four cross-sectioned micro-samples - collected from well-preserved bowed string instruments made by Antonio Stradivari and Lorenzo Storioni - are investigated by Synchrotron Radiation (SR) FTIR micro-spectroscopy in reflection mode. SR-FTIR spectra are discussed both as point analysis and as univariate and multivariate chemical maps. The same cross-sections are also investigated by optical microscopy under UV light and SEM-EDX. Moreover, data obtained directly from the musical instruments by a non-invasive approach employing a portable reflection FTIR spectrometer are also considered. FTIR investigation of the cross-sections is a challenging task for such brittle and complex layered micro-samples. Nevertheless, the high intensity of the analytical SR beam used in reflection geometry allowed us to obtain informative FTIR spectra and to fully preserve the integrity of the samples. Both the non-invasive and the micro-invasive reflection FTIR approaches can reveal the materials spread on the wood surface to finish the musical instruments. The fingerprint of Lorenzo Storioni's production around 1790 emerged from the study of the cross-sectioned samples, definitely different from the technique of Stradivari.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giacomo Fiocco
- Laboratorio Arvedi di Diagnostica Non Invasiva, CISRiC, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Bell'Aspa 3, 26100 Cremona, Italy; Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Claudia Invernizzi
- Laboratorio Arvedi di Diagnostica Non Invasiva, CISRiC, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Bell'Aspa 3, 26100 Cremona, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Informatiche, Università degli Studi di Parma, Parco Area delle Scienze, 7/A, 43124 Parma, Italy.
| | - Silvia Grassi
- Dipartimento di Scienze per gli Alimenti, la Nutrizione e l'Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria, 2, 20133 Milano, Italy.
| | - Patrizia Davit
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
| | - Michela Albano
- Laboratorio Arvedi di Diagnostica Non Invasiva, CISRiC, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Bell'Aspa 3, 26100 Cremona, Italy; Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, 20133, Milano, Italy.
| | - Tommaso Rovetta
- Laboratorio Arvedi di Diagnostica Non Invasiva, CISRiC, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Bell'Aspa 3, 26100 Cremona, Italy.
| | - Chiaramaria Stani
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34194 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Lisa Vaccari
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., S.S. 14 km 163.5, 34194 Basovizza, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Marco Malagodi
- Laboratorio Arvedi di Diagnostica Non Invasiva, CISRiC, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Bell'Aspa 3, 26100 Cremona, Italy; Dipartimento di Musicologia e Beni Culturali, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Corso Garibaldi 178, 26100 Cremona, Italy.
| | - Maurizio Licchelli
- Laboratorio Arvedi di Diagnostica Non Invasiva, CISRiC, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Bell'Aspa 3, 26100 Cremona, Italy.
| | - Monica Gulmini
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università di Torino, Via Pietro Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy.
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7
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Possenti E, Colombo C, Realini M, Song CL, Kazarian SG. Insight into the effects of moisture and layer build-up on the formation of lead soaps using micro-ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging of complex painted stratigraphies. Anal Bioanal Chem 2020; 413:455-467. [PMID: 33169173 PMCID: PMC7806535 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-020-03016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Metal soaps are formed in paint layers thorough the reaction of metal ions of pigments and fatty acids of organic binders. In this study, micro-ATR-FTIR spectroscopic imaging was used to analyse the formation of lead soaps in oil-based paint layers in relation to their exposure to moisture sources. The investigations were carried out on authentic samples of complex stratigraphies from cold painted terracotta statues (Sacred Mount, Varallo, UNESCO) and different IR-active lead white pigments, organic materials, and lead soaps were discriminated. The saponification of selected paint layers was correlated to the conservation history, the manufacturing technique, and the build-up of layers. The presence of hydrophilic layers within the stratigraphy and their role as a further water source are discussed. Furthermore, the modifications experienced by lead-based pigments from the core of an intact grain of pigment towards the newly formed decay phases were investigated via a novel approach based on shift of the peak for the corresponding spectral bands and their integrated absorbance in the ATR-FTIR spectra. Qualitative information on the spatial distribution from the chemical images was combined with quantitative information on the peak shift to evaluate the different manufacture (lead carbonate, basic lead carbonate) or the extent of decay undergone by the lead-based pigments as a function of their grain size, contiguous layers, and moisture source. Similar results, having a high impact on heritage science and analytical chemistry, allow developing up-to-date conservation strategies by connecting an advanced knowledge of the materials to the social and conservation history of artefacts. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Possenti
- Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ISPC-CNR, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125, Milan, Italy.
| | - Chiara Colombo
- Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ISPC-CNR, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Realini
- Istituto di Scienze del Patrimonio Culturale, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, ISPC-CNR, Via R. Cozzi 53, 20125, Milan, Italy
| | - Cai Li Song
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Sergei G Kazarian
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Imperial College London, South Kensington Campus, London, SW7 2AZ, UK.
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8
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Infrared Synchrotron Radiation and Its Application to the Analysis of Cultural Heritage. CONDENSED MATTER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/condmat5020028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Infrared synchrotron radiation (IR-SR) is a broad-band light source. Its brilliance is the main advantage for microspectroscopy experiments, when the limited size of the sample often prevents the use of conventional thermal radiation sources. Cultural heritage materials are delicate and valuable; therefore, nondestructive experiments are usually preferred. Nevertheless, sometimes, small pieces can be acquired in the process of preservation and conservation. These samples are analyzed by various experimental techniques and give information about the original material and current condition. In this paper, four attempts to analyze cultural heritage materials are introduced. All these experiments are performed at the microspectroscopy station of IR beamline BL43IR in SPring-8.
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9
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Recent trends in the application of Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy in Heritage Science: from micro- to non-invasive FT-IR. PHYSICAL SCIENCES REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1515/psr-2018-0006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The relevance of FT-IR spectroscopy in heritage science has experienced a constant grow in the last two decades owing to analytical peculiarities that make it an extremely useful tool to answer the questions posed by the study and conservation of art-historical and archaeological materials. High versatility, sensitivity and molecular specificity are, in fact, all requirements that FT-IR spectroscopy fulfils allowing for the investigation of the chemical properties of heritage materials spanning from the micro- to the macro-scale and offering a variety of approaches to minimize sample manipulation and maximize extracted information. Molecular identification and localisation at high lateral resolution of organic and inorganic components in micro-samples was, over recently, the mostly exploited use of FT-IR in heritage science; however, benefiting from technological progress and advances in optical materials and components achieved in the last decade, it now stands out also for non-invasive surface analysis of artworks by fully portable instrumentation.
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10
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La Nasa J, Modugno F, Colombini MP, Degano I. Validation Study of Selected Ion Flow Tube-Mass Spectrometry (SIFT-MS) in Heritage Science: Characterization of Natural and Synthetic Paint Varnishes by Portable Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2019; 30:2250-2258. [PMID: 31489561 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-019-02305-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Revised: 07/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The identification at molecular level of organic materials in heritage objects as paintings requires in most cases the collection of micro-samples followed by micro-destructive analysis. In this study, we explore the possibility to characterize natural and synthetic resins used as paint varnishes by mean of non-invasive analysis of released volatile organic compounds (VOCs) through selected ion flow tube-mass spectrometry (SIFT-MS). SIFT-MS is a portable direct mass spectrometric technique that achieves the analysis of VOCs at trace levels in real time, by controlled ultra-soft chemical ionization using eight different chemical ionization agents. We tested the portable instrumentation on different reference resins used as paint varnishes, both natural (mastic, dammar, and colophony) and synthetic (Paraloid B67, MS2A, Regalrez 1094, and polyvinyl acetate), to evaluate the possibility to acquire qualitative data for the identification of these materials in heritage objects avoiding any sampling. This new analytical approach was validated by comparison with the traditional approach for VOCs analysis based on solid phase micro extraction-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS) analysis. The results demonstrate the use of SIFT-MS as an in situ non-invasive and non-destructive mass spectrometric technique to identify organic materials, such as paint varnishes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo La Nasa
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesca Modugno
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Ilaria Degano
- Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy.
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11
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RBS, PIXE, Ion-Microbeam and SR-FTIR Analyses of Pottery Fragments from Azerbaijan. HERITAGE 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/heritage2030113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The present work is aimed at the investigation of the ceramic bulk and pigmented glazed surfaces of ancient potteries dating back to XIX century A.D. and coming from the charming archeological site located in the Medieval Agsu town (Azerbaijan), a geographic area of special interest due to the ancient commercial routes between China, Asia Minor, and Europe. For the purpose of the study, complementary investigation tools have been exploited: non-destructive or micro-destructive investigation at elemental level by ion beam analysis (IBA) techniques, by using Rutherford Backscattering Spectrometry (RBS), Proton-Induced X-ray Emission (PIXE) spectroscopy and ion-microbeam analysis, and chemical characterization at microscopic level, by means of synchrotron radiation (SR) Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy. The acquired information reveals useful for the identification of the provenance, the reconstruction of the firing technology, and finally, the identification of the pigment was used as a colorant of the glaze.
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12
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Price SWT, Van Loon A, Keune K, Parsons AD, Murray C, Beale AM, Mosselmans JFW. Unravelling the spatial dependency of the complex solid-state chemistry of Pb in a paint micro-sample from Rembrandt's Homer using XRD-CT. Chem Commun (Camb) 2019; 55:1931-1934. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc09705d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
X-ray diffraction computed tomography (XRD-CT) has been used to identify the nature of crystalline surface deposits in Rembrandt's Homer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Annelies Van Loon
- Rijksmuseum, Ateliergebouw
- Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
- Royal Picture Gallery Mauritshuis
- The Hague
| | - Katrien Keune
- Rijksmuseum, Ateliergebouw
- Amsterdam
- The Netherlands
- Van’t Hoff Institute for Molecular Science, University of Amsterdam
- Amsterdam
| | - Aaron D. Parsons
- Diamond Light Source
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
- Didcot
- UK
| | - Claire Murray
- Diamond Light Source
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
- Didcot
- UK
| | - Andrew M. Beale
- Research Complex at Harwell
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory
- Harwell Science and Innovation Campus
- Didcot
- UK
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13
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Salvadó N, Butí S, Clemente C, Beltran V, Cinque G, Juanhuix J, Pradell T. Microanalytical study of luster glazed gilding and silvering from Baroque altarpieces. PURE APPL CHEM 2017. [DOI: 10.1515/pac-2017-0602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Lustering, a technique which involved the application of coloured translucent glazes over gilding and silvering was widely used to enrich and decorate altarpieces in the Baroque period. The decorations consist of a micrometric multilayered structure including several color glazes, metallic leaves and bole applied over a plaster ground. The collection of Baroque altarpieces, the oldest dating 1671 and the newest 1775 from the cathedral of Tortosa (Catalonia), is a perfect case of study of the materials used and the techniques employed throughout the period. Further information is obtained from the analysis of the reaction and aging compounds resulting from the interaction among the compounds present in the layers and between the different layers. A combination of sensitive analytical techniques, Synchrotron based μ-XRD and μ-IR and SEM-EDS which enabled the luster samples to undergo analysis without altering their original layered microstructure were selected. The nature of the compounds used to produce the yellow, green, red and blue glazes (pigments, pigment lakes and resins), metallic leaves and boles is presented. Relevant information from historical and conservation viewpoints about the origin and nature of the materials used, the making of the lusters and their reactivity and aging are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nati Salvadó
- Dpt. d’Enginyeria Química , EPSEVG, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Av. Víctor Balaguer s/n, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Salvador Butí
- Dpt. d’Enginyeria Química , EPSEVG, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Av. Víctor Balaguer s/n, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Carme Clemente
- Escola d’Art i Disseny de la Diputació de Tarragona a Tortosa , Pl. Sant Joan, 5 , 43500 Tortosa , Spain
| | - Victòria Beltran
- Dpt. d’Enginyeria Química , EPSEVG, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya , Av. Víctor Balaguer s/n, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú , Barcelona , Spain
| | - Gianfelice Cinque
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus , Chilton-Didcot OX11 0DE Oxfordshire , UK
| | - Jordi Juanhuix
- CELLS-ALBA Synchrotron, Carrer de la Llum 2-26 , 08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona , Spain
| | - Trinitat Pradell
- Dpt. Física and BRCMSE , Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus del Baix Llobregat , c. Esteve Terradas 8, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona , Spain
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14
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Dallongeville S, Garnier N, Rolando C, Tokarski C. Proteins in Art, Archaeology, and Paleontology: From Detection to Identification. Chem Rev 2015; 116:2-79. [PMID: 26709533 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Dallongeville
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse & la Protéomique (MSAP), USR CNRS 3290, Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Nicolas Garnier
- SARL Laboratoire Nicolas Garnier , 63270 Vic le Comte, France
| | - Christian Rolando
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse & la Protéomique (MSAP), USR CNRS 3290, Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Caroline Tokarski
- Miniaturisation pour la Synthèse, l'Analyse & la Protéomique (MSAP), USR CNRS 3290, Université de Lille 1 Sciences et Technologies , 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
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15
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Beltran V, Salvadó N, Butí S, Cinque G, Wehbe K, Pradell T. Optimal Sample Preparation for the Analysis of Micrometric Heterogeneous Samples. Anal Chem 2015; 87:6500-4. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b01997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Victòria Beltran
- Dpt.
d’Enginyeria Química, EPSEVG, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Víctor Balaguer s/n, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain
- Center
for Research in Nano-Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Nati Salvadó
- Dpt.
d’Enginyeria Química, EPSEVG, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Víctor Balaguer s/n, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain
- Center
for Research in Nano-Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Salvador Butí
- Dpt.
d’Enginyeria Química, EPSEVG, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Av. Víctor Balaguer s/n, 08800 Vilanova i la Geltrú, Barcelona, Spain
- Center
for Research in Nano-Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gianfelice Cinque
- Diamond Light
Source, Harwell Campus, Chilton-Didcot OX11 0DE Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - Katia Wehbe
- Diamond Light
Source, Harwell Campus, Chilton-Didcot OX11 0DE Oxon, United Kingdom
| | - Trinitat Pradell
- Dpt.
Física, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Campus
del Baix Llobregat, c. Esteve Terradas 8, 08860 Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain
- Center
for Research in Nano-Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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16
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Beltran V, Salvadó N, Butí S, Cinque G. Micro infrared spectroscopy discrimination capability of compounds in complex matrices of thin layers in real sample coatings from artworks. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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17
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Arrizabalaga I, Gómez-Laserna O, Aramendia J, Arana G, Madariaga JM. Applicability of a Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform handheld spectrometer to perform in situ analyses on Cultural Heritage materials. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2014; 129:259-267. [PMID: 24747846 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2014.03.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/21/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
This work studies the applicability of a Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform handheld device to perform in situ analyses on Cultural Heritage assets. This portable diffuse reflectance spectrometer has been used to characterise and diagnose the conservation state of (a) building materials of the Guevara Palace (15th century, Segura, Basque Country, Spain) and (b) different 19th century wallpapers manufactured by the Santa Isabel factory (Vitoria-Gasteiz, Basque Country, Spain) and by the well known Dufour and Leroy manufacturers (Paris, France), all of them belonging to the Torre de los Varona Castle (Villanañe, Basque Country, Spain). In all cases, in situ measurements were carried out and also a few samples were collected and measured in the laboratory by diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRIFT) in order to validate the information obtained by the handheld instrument. In the analyses performed in situ, distortions in the diffuse reflectance spectra can be observed due to the presence of specular reflection, showing the inverted bands caused by the Reststrahlen effect, in particular on those IR bands with the highest absorption coefficients. This paper concludes that the results obtained in situ by a diffuse reflectance handheld device are comparable to those obtained with laboratory diffuse reflectance spectroscopy equipment and proposes a few guidelines to acquire good spectra in the field, minimising the influence caused by the specular reflection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iker Arrizabalaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Olivia Gómez-Laserna
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Julene Aramendia
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Gorka Arana
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Madariaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, P.O. Box 644, E-48080 Bilbao, Basque Country, Spain
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18
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Microanalytical method for studying paintings by use of fluorescence spectroscopy combined with principal component analysis. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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The Destructive/Non-Destructive Identification of Enameled Pottery, Glass Artifacts and Associated Pigments—A Brief Overview. ARTS 2013. [DOI: 10.3390/arts2030077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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20
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Buti D, Rosi F, Brunetti BG, Miliani C. In-situ identification of copper-based green pigments on paintings and manuscripts by reflection FTIR. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 405:2699-711. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-6707-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/04/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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21
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Wang XF, Yu J, Zhang AL, Zhou DW, Xie MX. Nondestructive identification for red ink entries of seals by Raman and Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. SPECTROCHIMICA ACTA. PART A, MOLECULAR AND BIOMOLECULAR SPECTROSCOPY 2012; 97:986-994. [PMID: 22925974 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.07.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2012] [Revised: 07/22/2012] [Accepted: 07/27/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Determination of the red ink entries of seals on documents can provide valuable evidences for solving related crimes, distinguishing the truth of artworks, and so establishment of nondestructive approaches would play a key role in forensic analysis and related aspects. Raman and FT-IR spectroscopy have been applied for analyzing 105 kinds of red ink entries on documents. The dye components of the ink entries were identified by FT-Raman and confocal Raman microspectroscopy, and then the ink entries were classified into four groups based on these dye components. The ink entries were further discriminated by their FT-IR spectra according to adsorption peaks of the main components, the relative intensities of the characteristic bands and the profiles of the spectra. The results showed that 70 ink entries out of 105 have been individually identified and the remaining 35 ink entries can be divided into 13 subclasses. Combination of Raman and FT-IR spectroscopic methods can provide a powerful nondestructive discriminating tool for identification of the red ink entries of seals on papers. These approaches would have potential application in archeology, art and forensic science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Feng Wang
- Analytical & Testing Center of Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, China
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22
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Corso G, Gelzo M, Chambery A, Severino V, Maro AD, Lomoriello FS, D'Apolito O, Russo AD, Gargiulo P, Piccioli C, Arcari P. Characterization of pigments and ligands in a wall painting fragment from Liternum archaeological park (Italy). J Sep Sci 2012; 35:2986-93. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201200490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2012] [Revised: 07/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Corso
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche; Università di Napoli Federico II; Napoli Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche; Università di Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Monica Gelzo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche; Università di Napoli Federico II; Napoli Italy
| | - Angela Chambery
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Vita; Seconda Università di Napoli; Caserta Italy
| | - Valeria Severino
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Vita; Seconda Università di Napoli; Caserta Italy
| | - Antimo Di Maro
- Dipartimento di Scienze per la Vita; Seconda Università di Napoli; Caserta Italy
| | | | - Oceania D'Apolito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche; Università di Foggia; Foggia Italy
| | - Antonio Dello Russo
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche; Università di Napoli Federico II; Napoli Italy
| | - Patrizia Gargiulo
- Soprintendenza per i beni archeologici di Napoli e Caserta; Napoli Italy
| | | | - Paolo Arcari
- Dipartimento di Biochimica e Biotecnologie Mediche; Università di Napoli Federico II; Napoli Italy
- CEINGE - Biotecnologie Avanzate s.c.a.r.l; Napoli Italy
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23
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Russo MV, Avino P. Characterization and Identification of Natural Terpenic Resins employed in "Madonna con Bambino e Angeli" by Antonello da Messina using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:59. [PMID: 22721351 PMCID: PMC3464792 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-59] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2012] [Accepted: 06/21/2012] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural resins were frequently employed as adhesives or as components of oleo-resinous media in paintings in the past. The identification of vegetable resins is still an open problem. The aim of this paper is to analyze by GC-MS some vegetable resins frequently employed in paintings, such as Venice turpentine, dammar, copal, elemi in order to identify their main component in raw and aged samples. Some molecules are proposed as chemical “markers” to identify these natural resins. Results The results obtained on standards allowed us to successfully analyze sample collected from one work of art: the Madonna with the Infant and Angels by Antonello da Messina (XV century). Conclusion The results obtained confirm that the painting the artist originally used a mixture of linseed oil and natural resin (Venice turpentine) as binding medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Vincenzo Russo
- Facoltà di Agraria (DISTAAM), Università del Molise, via de Sanctis, Campobasso, 86100, Italy.
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24
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Lluveras-Tenorio A, Andreotti A, Bonaduce I, Boularand S, Cotte M, Roqué J, Colombini MP, Vendrell-Saz M. Mass Spectrometric and Synchrotron Radiation based techniques for the identification and distribution of painting materials in samples from paints of Josep Maria Sert. Chem Cent J 2012; 6:45. [PMID: 22616949 PMCID: PMC3505478 DOI: 10.1186/1752-153x-6-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2012] [Accepted: 04/27/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Establishing the distribution of materials in paintings and that of their degradation products by imaging techniques is fundamental to understand the painting technique and can improve our knowledge on the conservation status of the painting. The combined use of chromatographic-mass spectrometric techniques, such as GC/MS or Py/GC/MS, and the chemical mapping of functional groups by imaging SR FTIR in transmission mode on thin sections and SR XRD line scans will be presented as a suitable approach to have a detailed characterisation of the materials in a paint sample, assuring their localisation in the sample build-up. This analytical approach has been used to study samples from Catalan paintings by Josep Maria Sert y Badía (20th century), a muralist achieving international recognition whose canvases adorned international buildings. Results The pigments used by the painter as well as the organic materials used as binders and varnishes could be identified by means of conventional techniques. The distribution of these materials by means of Synchrotron Radiation based techniques allowed to establish the mixtures used by the painter depending on the purpose. Conclusions Results show the suitability of the combined use of SR μFTIR and SR μXRD mapping and conventional techniques to unequivocally identify all the materials present in the sample and their localization in the sample build-up. This kind of approach becomes indispensable to solve the challenge of micro heterogeneous samples. The complementary interpretation of the data obtained with all the different techniques allowed the characterization of both organic and inorganic materials in the samples layer by layer as well as to establish the painting techniques used by Sert in the works-of-art under study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lluveras-Tenorio
- Departament de Cristal,lografia, Mineralogia I Dipòsits Minerals, University of Barcelona, C/Marti i Franquès S/N, 08015, Barcelona, Spain.
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25
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Young ML. Archaeometallurgy using synchrotron radiation: a review. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2012; 75:036504. [PMID: 22790423 DOI: 10.1088/0034-4885/75/3/036504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Archaeometallurgy is an important field of study which allows us to assess the quality and value of ancient metal artifacts and better understand the ancient cultures that made them. Scientific investigation of ancient metal artifacts is often necessary due to their lack of well-documented histories. One important requirement of analytical techniques is that they be non-destructive, since many of these artifacts are unique and irreplaceable. Most synchrotron radiation (SR) techniques meet this requirement. In this review, the characteristics, capabilities, and advantages and disadvantages of current and future SR facilities are discussed. I examine the application of SR techniques such as x-ray imaging (radiography/microscopy and tomography), x-ray diffraction, x-ray fluorescence, x-ray spectroscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and lastly combined SR techniques to the field of archaeometallurgy. Previous case studies using these various SR techniques are discussed and potential future SR techniques are addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcus L Young
- Materials Science, School of Mechanical, Industrial, and Manufacturing Engineering, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
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26
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Polar and non-polar organic binder characterization in Pompeian wall paintings: comparison to a simulated painting mimicking an “a secco” technique. Anal Bioanal Chem 2012; 402:3011-6. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-012-5746-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 01/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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27
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Richardin P, Mazel V, Walter P, Laprévote O, Brunelle A. Identification of different copper green pigments in Renaissance paintings by cluster-TOF-SIMS imaging analysis. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2011; 22:1729-1736. [PMID: 21952886 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-011-0171-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2011] [Accepted: 05/16/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (TOF-SIMS) imaging using cluster primary ion beams is used for the identification of a green painting layer on the scene The Angels Concert from the Issenheim Altarpiece (painted in 1516) from a German Renaissance painter, Matthias Grünewald. Copper carboxylate clusters inside a basic copper chloride (atacamite) layer have been identified and located in the copper green layer. The mechanisms of transformation of atacamite into copper carboxylates may be initiated by an aging of the paint layers. The combination of the high mass resolution of the technique together with a micrometer spatial resolution and the possibility to simultaneously identify both minerals and organics, has proven to be the method of choice for the study of the stratigraphy of a paint cross-section.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascale Richardin
- Laboratoire du Centre de Recherche et de Restauration des Musées de France (LC2RMF), CNRS - UMR 171, Palais du Louvre, Porte des Lions, 14 quai François Mitterrand, 75001 Paris, France.
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Bertrand L, Languille MA, Cohen SX, Robinet L, Gervais C, Leroy S, Bernard D, Le Pennec E, Josse W, Doucet J, Schöder S. European research platform IPANEMA at the SOLEIL synchrotron for ancient and historical materials. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2011; 18:765-772. [PMID: 21862858 DOI: 10.1107/s090904951102334x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2011] [Accepted: 06/15/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
IPANEMA, a research platform devoted to ancient and historical materials (archaeology, cultural heritage, palaeontology and past environments), is currently being set up at the synchrotron facility SOLEIL (Saint-Aubin, France; SOLEIL opened to users in January 2008). The new platform is open to French, European and international users. The activities of the platform are centred on two main fields: increased support to synchrotron projects on ancient materials and methodological research. The IPANEMA team currently occupies temporary premises at SOLEIL, but the platform comprises construction of a new building that will comply with conservation and environmental standards and of a hard X-ray imaging beamline today in its conceptual design phase, named PUMA. Since 2008, the team has supported synchrotron works at SOLEIL and at European synchrotron facilities on a range of topics including pigment degradation in paintings, composition of musical instrument varnishes, and provenancing of medieval archaeological ferrous artefacts. Once the platform is fully operational, user support will primarily take place within medium-term research projects for `hosted' scientists, PhDs and post-docs. IPANEMA methodological research is focused on advanced two-dimensional/three-dimensional imaging and spectroscopy and statistical image analysis, both optimized for ancient materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Bertrand
- IPANEMA, UPS-3352 CNRS, Synchrotron SOLEIL, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
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Thoury M, Echard JP, Réfrégiers M, Berrie B, Nevin A, Jamme F, Bertrand L. Synchrotron UV−Visible Multispectral Luminescence Microimaging of Historical Samples. Anal Chem 2011; 83:1737-45. [DOI: 10.1021/ac102986h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Thoury
- Scientific Research Department, National Gallery of Art, Fourth and Constitution Avenue NW, Washington D.C. 20565, United States
- Centre de Recherche sur la Conservation des Collections, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, UMR 7188 CNRS, CP 21 36 rue Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jean-Philippe Echard
- Laboratoire de Recherche et de Restauration, Musée de la Musique, Cité de la musique, 221 avenue Jean Jaurès, F-75019 Paris, France
| | - Matthieu Réfrégiers
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, DISCO Beamline, BP48 Saint-Aubin F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Barbara Berrie
- Scientific Research Department, National Gallery of Art, Fourth and Constitution Avenue NW, Washington D.C. 20565, United States
| | - Austin Nevin
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
- IFN-CNR, Piazza di Leonardo da Vinci 32, Milano, 20133, Italy
| | - Frédéric Jamme
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, DISCO Beamline, BP48 Saint-Aubin F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
| | - Loïc Bertrand
- IPANEMA UPS 3352 CNRS, Synchrotron SOLEIL, BP48 Saint-Aubin, F-91192 Gif-sur-Yvette cedex, France
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30
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Salvadó N, Butí S, Labrador A, Cinque G, Emerich H, Pradell T. SR-XRD and SR-FTIR study of the alteration of silver foils in medieval paintings. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:3041-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4365-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2010] [Revised: 10/15/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Spangenberg JE, Lavric JV, Meisser N, Serneels V. Sulfur isotope analysis of cinnabar from Roman wall paintings by elemental analysis/isotope ratio mass spectrometry--tracking the origin of archaeological red pigments and their authenticity. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2010; 24:2812-2816. [PMID: 20857439 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.4705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The most valuable pigment of the Roman wall paintings was the red color obtained from powdered cinnabar (Minium Cinnabaris pigment), the red mercury sulfide (HgS), which was brought from mercury (Hg) deposits in the Roman Empire. To address the question of whether sulfur isotope signatures can serve as a rapid method to establish the provenance of the red pigment in Roman frescoes, we have measured the sulfur isotope composition (δ(34)S value in ‰ VCDT) in samples of wall painting from the Roman city Aventicum (Avenches, Vaud, Switzerland) and compared them with values from cinnabar from European mercury deposits (Almadén in Spain, Idria in Slovenia, Monte Amiata in Italy, Moschellandsberg in Germany, and Genepy in France). Our study shows that the δ(34)S values of cinnabar from the studied Roman wall paintings fall within or near to the composition of Almadén cinnabar; thus, the provenance of the raw material may be deduced. This approach may provide information on provenance and authenticity in archaeological, restoration and forensic studies of Roman and Greek frescoes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge E Spangenberg
- Institute of Mineralogy and Geochemistry, University of Lausanne, Bâtiment Anthropole, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
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32
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Multivariate chemical mapping of pigments and binders in easel painting cross-sections by micro IR reflection spectroscopy. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 399:3133-45. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-4239-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2010] [Revised: 09/21/2010] [Accepted: 09/21/2010] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Prati S, Joseph E, Sciutto G, Mazzeo R. New advances in the application of FTIR microscopy and spectroscopy for the characterization of artistic materials. Acc Chem Res 2010; 43:792-801. [PMID: 20476733 DOI: 10.1021/ar900274f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is one of the most widely applied techniques for the investigation of cultural heritage materials. FTIR microscopy is well established as an essential tool in the microdestructive analysis of small samples, and the recent introduction of mapping and imaging equipment allows the collection of a large number of FTIR spectra on a surface, providing a distribution map of identified compounds. In this Account, we report recent advances in FTIR spectroscopy and microscopy in our research group. Our laboratory develops, tests, and refines new and less-studied IR spectroscopy and microscopy methods, with the goal of their adoption as routine analytical techniques in conservation laboratories. We discuss (i) the analysis of inorganic materials inactive in the mid-IR region by means of far-IR spectroscopy, (ii) the development of new methods for preparing cross sections, (iii) the characterization and spatial location of thin layers and small particles, and (iv) the evaluation of protective treatments. FTIR spectroscopy and microscopy have been mostly used in the mid-IR region of 4000-600 cm(-1). Some inorganic pigments, however, are inactive in this region, so other spectroscopic techniques have been applied, such as Raman spectroscopy. We suggest an alternative: harnessing the far-IR (600-50 cm(-1)). Our initial results show that far-IR spectroscopy is exceptionally useful with mural paintings or with corrosion products from which larger sample quantities can generally be collected. Moreover, the inorganic composition of a sample can be characterized by the presence of several compounds that are inactive in the mid-IR range (such as sulfides, oxides, and so forth). Stratigraphical analyses by FTIR microscopy can be hindered by the process of cross section preparation, which often involves an embedding organic polymer penetrating the sample's porous structure. Here, the polymer bands may completely cover the bands of organic compounds in the sample. However, a correct methodological approach can prevent such limitations. For example, it is always advisable to analyze the sample surface before preparing the cross section in order to characterize the preparation layers and the varnish layers, which are generally applied to the surface of a painting both to protect it and improve the color saturation. Furthermore, the innovative use of IR-transparent salts as embedding material for cross sections can prevent contamination of the embedding resin and improve detection of organic substances. Another key point in the use of FTIR microscopy in artwork analysis is spatial resolution. The high-energy output of a new integrated FTIR microscope enhances the ability to characterize and spatially locate small particles and thin layers. Moreover, the new configuration proves extremely useful in the evaluation of protective treatments, because larger areas may be analyzed in less time in comparison to traditional systems, allowing the collection of more statistical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Prati
- Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL), University of Bologna - Ravenna Campus, via Guaccimanni 42, 48100 Ravenna, Italy
| | - E. Joseph
- Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL), University of Bologna - Ravenna Campus, via Guaccimanni 42, 48100 Ravenna, Italy
| | - G. Sciutto
- Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL), University of Bologna - Ravenna Campus, via Guaccimanni 42, 48100 Ravenna, Italy
| | - R. Mazzeo
- Microchemistry and Microscopy Art Diagnostic Laboratory (M2ADL), University of Bologna - Ravenna Campus, via Guaccimanni 42, 48100 Ravenna, Italy
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Martin MC, Schade U, Lerch P, Dumas P. Recent applications and current trends in analytical chemistry using synchrotron-based Fourier-transform infrared microspectroscopy. Trends Analyt Chem 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2010.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Amrania H, McCrow A, Phillips C. A benchtop, ultrafast infrared spectroscopic imaging system for biomedical applications. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2009; 80:123702. [PMID: 20059145 DOI: 10.1063/1.3262499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
We discuss the potential biomedical applications for a novel infrared spectroscopic microimaging system. A tunable, table top solid-state laser has been coupled to a commercial infrared microscope, fitted with a modified high resolution infrared camera, to create a unique tool for midinfrared imaging. The system is capable of performing broadband imaging at a diffraction-limited spatial resolution, as is demonstrated here by spatially resolved spectroscopy of polymer test samples with a spectral resolution of 20 cm(-1). The large pulse energies (tens of microjoules) offer previously unobtainable combinations of high signal-to-noise levels and rapid data collection times which are superior to current stand-alone laboratory instruments by many decades. Coupled with the short (100 ps) short pulse duration, these characteristics promise to make a wide range of time-resolved and reflection mode imaging experiments possible with live biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemmel Amrania
- Department of Physics, Experimental Solid State Group, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, United Kingdom
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36
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The Use of FTIR and Micro-FTIR Spectroscopy: An Example of Application to Cultural Heritage. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1155/2009/893528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Micro-FTIR and FTIR spectroscopy is useful for the study of degradation forms of cultural heritage. In particular it permits to identify the degradation phases and to establish the structural relationship between them and the substratum. In this paper, we report the results obtained on marble from a Roman sarcophagus, located in the medieval cloister of St. Cosimato Convent (Rome), and on oolitic limestone from the facade of St. Giuseppe Church in Syracuse (Sicily).
The main components found in the samples of both monuments are: gypsum, calcium oxalate, and organic matter due to probably conservation treatments. In particular, the qualitative distribution maps of degradation products, obtained by means of micro-FTIR operating in ATR mode, revealed that the degradation process is present deep inside the stones also if it is not visible macroscopically. This process represents the main cause of crumbling of the substrate.
The results of this research highlight the benefits of the -FTIR analysis providing useful insights on the polishing and consolidation processes of stone materials.
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Cardell C, Guerra I, Romero-Pastor J, Cultrone G, Rodriguez-Navarro A. Innovative Analytical Methodology Combining Micro-X-Ray Diffraction, Scanning Electron Microscopy-Based Mineral Maps, and Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy to Characterize Archeological Artifacts. Anal Chem 2008; 81:604-11. [DOI: 10.1021/ac8022444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Cardell
- Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, Faculty of Science, and Scientific Instrumentation Centre, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Isabel Guerra
- Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, Faculty of Science, and Scientific Instrumentation Centre, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Julia Romero-Pastor
- Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, Faculty of Science, and Scientific Instrumentation Centre, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Giuseppe Cultrone
- Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, Faculty of Science, and Scientific Instrumentation Centre, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rodriguez-Navarro
- Department of Mineralogy and Petrology, Faculty of Science, and Scientific Instrumentation Centre, University of Granada, Campus Fuentenueva s/n, 18071 Granada, Spain
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Margaritondo G, Hwu Y, Je JH. Nondestructive Characterization by Advanced Synchrotron Light Techniques: Spectromicroscopy and Coherent Radiology. SENSORS 2008; 8:8378-8400. [PMID: 27873992 PMCID: PMC3791023 DOI: 10.3390/s8128378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2008] [Revised: 12/03/2008] [Accepted: 12/11/2008] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The advanced characteristics of synchrotron light has led in recent years to the development of a series of new experimental techniques to investigate chemical and physical properties on a microscopic scale. Although originally developed for materials science and biomedical research, such techniques find increasing applications in other domains – and could be quite useful for the study and conservation of cultural heritage. Specifically, they can nondestructively provide detailed chemical composition information that can be useful for the identification of specimens, for the discovery of historical links based on the sources of chemical raw materials and on chemical processes, for the analysis of damage, their causes and remedies and for many other issues. Likewise, morphological and structural information on a microscopic scale is useful for the identification, study and preservation of many different cultural and historical specimens. We concentrate here on two classes of techniques: in the first case, photoemission spectromicroscopy. This is the result of the advanced evolution of photoemission techniques like ESCA (Electron Microscopy for Chemical Analysis). By combining high lateral resolution to spectroscopy, photoemission spectromicroscopy can deliver fine chemical information on a microscopic scale in a nondestructive fashion. The second class of techniques exploits the high lateral coherence of modern synchrotron sources, a byproduct of the quest for high brightness or brilliance. We will see that such techniques now push radiology into the submicron scale and the submillisecond time domain. Furthermore, they can be implemented in a tomographic mode, increasing the information and becoming potentially quite useful for the analysis of cultural heritage specimens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeukuang Hwu
- Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Jung Ho Je
- Institute X-ray Imaging Center, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology, Pohang, 790-784, South Korea.
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Doménech-Carbó MT. Novel analytical methods for characterising binding media and protective coatings in artworks. Anal Chim Acta 2008; 621:109-39. [PMID: 18573376 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2008.05.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2008] [Revised: 05/15/2008] [Accepted: 05/15/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Since the first reported analytical studies and technical examinations of art and archaeological objects conducted in the late 18th century, analytical techniques and methods applied to the study of artworks have constantly grown. Among the materials composing the art object, organic compounds used as binding media or protective coatings have attracted the attention of the conservation profession given their noticeable ability for undergoing morphological and chemical changes on ageing. Thus, the aim of this paper is to review the most recent advances in the identification and determination of organic compounds present in art and art conservation materials. Immunofluorescence techniques have been proposed in recent decades as an alternative to the classical and simpler microchemical tests. Besides, a variety of instrumental techniques have also been improved in an attempt to enhance the sensitivity, repeatability and accuracy of the analytical results. Spectroscopic techniques, such as UV-vis, FTIR and Raman spectroscopy, have been coupled with light microscopes for these purposes. Synchrotron radiation FTIR microspectroscopy has also been successfully applied to the analysis of artworks. Mass spectrometry has also been increasingly used as a detector system coupled with a chromatographic device. Chromatographic methods have also improved in recent years. Paper and thin layer chromatographic techniques have been progressively replaced with gas chromatography (GC), pyrolysis-GC, high performance liquid chromatography and capillary electrophoresis. More complex proteomics hyphenated techniques, such as nano-liquid chromatography-nano-electrospray ionisation/collision quadrupole time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry, have been recently applied to the identification and determination of proteinaceous binders. Microbeam analytical techniques have also been incorporated into the list of advanced instrumental techniques for art conservation purposes. Finally, a number of new instrumental techniques have been proposed as a suitable alternative to the conventional microscopy techniques for morphological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Teresa Doménech-Carbó
- Institut de Restauració del Patrimoni, Universitat Politécnica de València, Camí de Vera s/n, 46022 València, Spain.
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Martin de Fonjaudran C, Nevin A, Piqué F, Cather S. Stratigraphic analysis of organic materials in wall painting samples using micro-FTIR attenuated total reflectance and a novel sample preparation technique. Anal Bioanal Chem 2008; 392:77-86. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-008-2111-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2008] [Revised: 03/25/2008] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Font J, Salvadó N, Butí S, Enrich J. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as a suitable technique in the study of the materials used in waterproofing of archaeological amphorae. Anal Chim Acta 2007; 598:119-27. [PMID: 17693315 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2007.07.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2007] [Revised: 07/04/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The resinous materials from the interior surfaces of two Roman and one Iberian amphora were studied with Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The results were then compared with those obtained by synchrotron radiation-FTIR, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The FTIR spectra obtained by the technique of KBr micropellets, prepared directly with the materials scraped from the amphora without any further sample preparation, provided enough information to establish their diterpenoic nature, and even to differentiate between the two main materials employed for waterproofing purposes, pitch and wood tar. Methyl dehydroabietic acid (DHAM) is the main chemical marker that allows a distinction to be made between these two materials. Pitch and wood tar were prepared in the laboratory heating pine resin and resinous pine wood, respectively. These resinous waterproofing materials were compared with the coatings extracted from the amphorae. The samples whose direct FTIR spectra showed a signal at approximately 1740 cm(-1), attributed to a carbonyl group of methyl ester, presented as well a peak of DHAM in the GC-MS chromatogram of the neutral fraction of their extract. Samples without this signal in their spectra did not present DHAM in their chromatogram. This work studies, for the first time, waterproofing of an amphora attributed to the Iberian culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Font
- Escola Universitària d'Enginyeria Tècnica Industrial d'Igualada, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Plaça del Rei 15, 08700 Igualada, Barcelona, Spain
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Nevin A, Osticioli I, Anglos D, Burnstock A, Cather S, Castellucci E. Raman Spectra of Proteinaceous Materials Used in Paintings: A Multivariate Analytical Approach for Classification and Identification. Anal Chem 2007; 79:6143-51. [PMID: 17620009 DOI: 10.1021/ac070373j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This work presents Raman spectra obtained from thin films of protein materials which are commonly used as binding media in painted works of art. Spectra were recorded over the spectral range of 3250-250 cm(-1), using an excitation wavelength of 785 nm, and several bands have been identified in the fingerprint region that correspond to the various proteins examined. Differences in the C-H vibrations located between 3200 and 2700 cm(-1) can be accounted for with reference to the amino acid composition of the protein-based binding media as well as the presence of fatty acid esters, in the case of egg yolk. In addition, the discrimination of different proteins on the basis of variations in spectra between 3200 and 2700 cm(-1) can be achieved following multivariate analysis of a large data set of spectra, providing a novel and nondestructive alternative based on Raman spectroscopy to other methods commonly used for the analysis of proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Austin Nevin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florence, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, via della Lastruccia 3, I-50019, Firenze, Italy.
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43
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Analytical characterization of binding medium used in ancient Chinese artworks by pyrolysis–gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. Microchem J 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2006.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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44
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Hou S, Li Y, Xie M, De Beer TRM, Baeyens WRG, Hu S, Ouyang J. Investigation of patinas formed on Chinese bronzes using modern multianalytical techniques. SURF INTERFACE ANAL 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/sia.2591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Giakoumaki A, Melessanaki K, Anglos D. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) in archaeological science--applications and prospects. Anal Bioanal Chem 2006; 387:749-60. [PMID: 17124575 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-006-0908-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2006] [Revised: 10/03/2006] [Accepted: 10/06/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) has emerged in the past ten years as a promising technique for analysis and characterization of the composition of a broad variety of objects of cultural heritage including painted artworks, icons, polychromes, pottery, sculpture, and metal, glass, and stone artifacts. This article describes in brief the basic principles and technological aspects of LIBS, and reviews several test cases that demonstrate the applicability and prospects of LIBS in the field of archaeological science.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasia Giakoumaki
- Institute of Electronic Structure and Laser, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas (IESL-FORTH), P.O. Box 1385, 71110, Heraklion, Greece
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